TIIE MORNING OREGONIAN. SATURDAY, JUNE 26, 1915.
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PO BTLAJJ I, SATURDAY, JtNE So, 1915.
" r-EE-SPUTTLNC.
'The practice of fee-splitting has
again come up for severe animadver
sion by distinguished physicians. The
president of the American Medical
Association has fulminated against it.
Itc. William D. Haggard, of Nashville,
liaa done the same at the San Fran
cisco meeting of the American col
lege of surgeons. Fee-splitting means
a a arrangement bet ween physician
and surgeon by which they share the
fae a patient pays for an operation.
The physician earns his part by rec
ommending that particular surgeon.
The latter captures the money by cut
ting off a leg, arm or head as the case
may require. If there is no manifest
reason for cutting off anything the
sargeon, under the law of economic
pressure, may invent one. Thus the
allied professions prosper at the ex
panse of the confiding public.
Jt has dawned upon such men as
Da. Haggard that this practice has
objectionable features. He says it
tempts the physician to recommend
operations which are unnecessary. It
tempts him again to send his patients
toi. surgeons who will give him a gen
rrpus share of the fee, which really
means that they are beggarly incom
petents. And thirdly, it "lowers
meril and medical standards." Dr.
Hajgard's summing up of the case is
that fee-splitting verges perilously
tear upon theft.
Xo doubt all this is true, but we
cannot see that Dr. Haggard's pro
posed remedy mends matters much.
He admits that the ph3"slcian ought
toj-be paid as well as the surgeon, but
h! objects to including their two fees
lir.'.a single bill. His opinion is that
each man should put in his own bill
and' collect his own pay, if he can.
The- suggestion looks fair all around,
but there is an objection to It. An
ordinary patient dislikes to pay any
surgeon's or doctor's bill, but he pays
a -surgeon's bill more readily than a
doptor"s and he pays a single big bill
fa more readily than two separate
onbs, even if they are moderate.
It is this bit of psychology that has
tempted doctors to fall Into the fee
splitting habit. Most of them collect
tlietr bills with great difficulty even
when there is no surgeon to come in
ahead of them. "When there is, they
usually go begging unless they can
persuade the surgeon to "divvy up."
We grant that this is an unpardonably
heinous offense, but we can readily
understand why weak human nature
commits it. We notice also that the
p&ysicians who most vigorously de
nounce it are the rich and great, who
are -not troubled by sordid money
difficulties.
COVERING CP THE PORK BARREL.
tin Iowan has slight opportunity to
segthe Navy, hence there is some
excuse for the Iowan who set Admiral
Fiske's criticism against Secretary
Daniels' praises, and asked the Chi
cago Tribune:
--'How 13 the uninitiated to knew
what to believe when authorities
differ so widely?"
-he Tribune properly replied that
3if?,i Daniels is not an authority on
tire Navy, an J correctly described him
a.i"the editor of a Southern news
paper who holds a political Job for
political reasons." But he was treated
aa.) an authority by an Iowa news
paper, the Des Moines Register and
Leader, which seems to know as lit
tle" about naval affairs as the Iowa
letter-writer. There Is no more, rea
son nvhy Mr. Daniels should be ac
cepted as an authority on the Navy
than there is why Admiral Flske
should be accepted as an authority on
farming. Mr. Daniels is an authority
on .newspapers of a certain type and
on "Democratic politics, but he knows
no more about the Navy than he has
picked up in the two years he has
been rattling around in the Navy
Department.
.Some conception of the misinforma
tion which gets abroad and of the
rong conclusions drawn therefrom
may be formed from the fact, that
tire Des Moines paper writes of
JftOO.OOO.000 as the annual -expenditures
on Army and Navy. The ap
propriations for both Army and Navy
for the fiscal year 1914-15 were less
than $253, 000.000. After committing
this gross blunder the Register and
Leader says: "There must be some
thing to show for it," and takes Mr.
Daniels' word for it that we have got
our money's worth.
Here is one' of the fundamental
errors in the granger editor's argu
ment against the movement for ade
quate National defense. He assumes
that, because we spend so much
money, we must have a sufficient
Army and Navy, and that, because
our Army and Navy are pronounced
insufficient by such men as General
"Wood and Admiral Fiske. they wish
to spend more money. We are not
getting the worth of the money we
now spend by many million dollars,
end the main purpose of the National
defense movement is to increase and
improve our Army and Navy by get
ting full value for present- expendi
tures, rather than by increasing their
total.
Could the real experts like Wood
ind Fiske have their way, the money
riew wasted on useless Navy yards and
worse-than-useless Army posts would
no saved for expenditures on more
ships, guns, ammunition, officers and
trained men. As a politician. Mr.
Daniels opposes this saving, and he
therefore, tells us our Navy is large
enough and good enough. Congress
opposes saving money on Army posts
from the same motives, therefore
denies the need of Army reform. If
the,-politicians once opened the sub
ject, attention would be fastened on
theTr waste, and it might be stopped.
The real experts would get their In
nings and they would spend the
money where it would do the most
good for the National defense. That
is precisely what the politicians do
not want; they wash to spend it
where it will do the moat good for
their political prospects in their own
districts and states.
The movement for National defense
does not aim to spend more money;
it aims to use the money now spent
in such a way that the people will
get the best results. The man who
tries to create the impression that
increased expenditure is the aim is
simply trying to cover up the pork
barrel with slum economy.
FOR TICK STATK ONLY.
The recent decisionof the Supreme
Court of the United' States on the
Webb-Kenyon law did not. as som.e
suppose, make lawful the interstate
shipment of liquors for private uses.
The clear intent of the Webb-Kenyon
act is to enable the states to control
the sale of liquors within their bor
ders or to prohibit it absolutely at
their own option. It had been im
possible heretofore even for a prohi
bition state to prevent importation of
liquors from another state in the
original package, for the Federal
courts had decided that any such at
tempt is an interference with inter
state commerce. But the Webb-Kenyon
law makes a drastic change in
Federal policy by prohibiting liquor
shipments Into a state except for pur
poses made lawful by the state itself.
In the Kentucky case just decided
at Washington, the court held that a
shipment into a dry county of that
state for "personal use" was legal be
cause the Kentucky law authorizes
the importation of liquor into dry ter
ritory for "personal use." -
It is obvious that the Federal law j
will sanction the delivery into Ore
gon, for example, after January 1,
1916, of liquor bought in another state
to the extent of two quarts of spirit
uous or vinous liquors or twenty-four
quarts of malt liquors, for each per
son or family in four weeks. But if
the Oregon law had absolutely pro
hibited the importation of liquor in
any quantity there would have been
no possible legal evasion through the
Webb-Kenyon act.
The Supreme Court has in brief
made the prohibition of the manufac
ture and sale of liquor, or its regula
tion, distinctly the business of the
state.
IGNORED LAW AND FACTS?
The reversal of Judge "Wolverton's decision
takes on unusual interest In view of the Leg
islature's midnight resolution. How mucli
did that action Influence the (United States
Supreme) Court? As a result of the reso
lution, the Attorney-General of Oregon went
before the Supreme Court with a request for
action substantially In accord with the de
cision given. Did the court consider the
Legislature spoke for the people of Oregon
and that this state really desired a ruling in
behalf of the railroads. Pendleton East Ore
gonian Here again is a direct Intimation
that the Supreme Court of the United
States, ignoring the law and the facts,
based its decision solely upon the sup
posed wishes of the people of Oregon
voiced in a resolution passed by the
Legislature. It is a base suggestion,
spitefully and wantonly made by a
newspaper which is disappointed ap
parently because the railroad lands
are now likely to be settled and de
veloped, and may be again subject to
taxation. For the essence of the reso
lution passed by the State Legislature
falsely called a "midnight" resolu
tion is contained in the following:
"Whereas, It is of vital importance to the
development of the entire State of Oregon,
and Eeveral counties in which 6uch granted
landd are located, that such lands should not
be withdrawn from taxation, but that they
should be disposed of for settlement and
development under the terms of such a de
cree as the court may deem just and equit
able. Only a purpose to falsify the facts
could distort this entirely proper ac
tion by the Legislature into anything
but a desire 'to conserve the interests
of the state.
LAST CHANCE FOR VOLUNTARY PLAN.
In truly British fashion Mr. Lloyd
George has given labor leaders a last
chance to supply enough efficient la
bor for the munition factories before
resorting to compulsion. When the
ministry of munitions bill was intro
duced in Parliament, some Labor
members made angry references to
Nero and other despots and to con
scription. Lloyd George's seven days'
grace is the answer.
He in effect tells the unions he will
not resort to compulsory service in
arms factories if they can provide a
maximum output with voluntary la
bor. If they fail, their objections will
be silenced, and the way will be
cleared for complete organization of
the entire productive forces of the
nation at home for war, in aid of the
destructive forces which will be cm
ployed abroad.
In order to comply with Lloyd
George's demands, it will be neces
sary for the union leaders not only
to enroll volunteer workmen, but to
Insure that they work full time. The
hand-to-mouth, boozing slacker will
be required by hi3 fellows to work
full time, lest all be subjected to mil
itary rule. He will find himself em
barrassed with surplus earnings which
he lacks leisure to spend and which
he has hitherto considered it waste
of time to earn. Chancellor of the
Exchequer McKenna has provided for
his case. The terms of his $1,000,
000,000 war loan permit investment
of sums 2s small as 5 shillings in
bonds. A little pressure from union,
fellow-workmen and employers may
Induce the slacker to become a
money-saver and he may emerge from
the war as a small capitalist.
All of this is part of Lloyd George's
plan to conserve the resources of the
nation for war, a plan. in which each
Individual has a part. He recom
mends economy, elimination of waste
and luxury, that more money may be
available for lending to the govern
ment for use in carrying on the war.
Wages and profits have risen in great
er proportion than taxes and cost of
living. The excess would, under this
plan. be. lent to the government. Thus
a large part of the war expenses would
become a sort of revolving fund, and
the national resources would spin out
much longer.
Strikes are to be forbidden and ar
bitration of disputes is to bo made
compulsory, but the chief provocation
for disputes Is to be removed by lim
iting manufacturers' profits. Only in
case the unions fail to provide the
needed number of men and the slack
ers continue to loaf is further com
pulsion contemplated.
' The world will watch with interest
this last stand of the voluntary sys
tem in organizing a nation for war
and will contrast its success with that
of Germany in placing every person
at the disposal of the government for
national service. We shall see whether
it is possible to succeed In -war by
adherence to democratic, practice or
whether military dictatorship is es
sential to 'success.
TIIK SANE FOURTH.
Common sense occasionally wins a
victory over folly, though not half
so often as one would like. The
"Sane Fourth" ij one of its most sat
isfactory acnievements. A dozen
years ago the celebration of the Na
tion's birthday was a riot of noise,
confusion, wounds and slaughter. It
was as much as a person's life was
worth to venture into the thick of the
uproar. One of Mary Wilkins' best
stories depicts the tragic adventures
of two timorous New England
maidens who "went to the Fourth"
and reached home at night tired out,
frightened half to death and with
their clothes ruined. Their case was
dolorously typical.
It was seventeen years ago that the
Chicago Tribune began its campaign
! for a civilized Fourth of July. The
reform first gained headway in Chi
cago, but other cities rapidly followed
the good example and now it would
hardly be possible to find anywhere
In the United States a place where the
old-time debauch of noise and danger
would be endured.
The Chicago Tribune prints a table
to show the positive gain which has
been made by the progress of the
"Sane Fourth." The old evils were
at their worst in 1903. The celebra
tions of that year caused 466 deaths
and. 3983 more or less serious injuries,
From that time to this the slaughter
has gradually diminished. In 1912
but fort3-one were killed, in 1913
there were thirty-two and in 1914
only twelve.
Is it too much to hope that this
year the Fourth of July can be cele
brated without killing anybody?' The
record which the , Tribune prints
should inspirit those who are engaged
in the discouraging effort to make
common sense prevail over folly In
the world." Victories are few and far
between, but they do occasionally
happen and each one, let us hope,
makes the next a little easier.
:
THE HANDICAP OF THE FIRST-BORN.
The discoveries of Professor Karl
Pearson, of the University of London,
ought to inspire an - uncomfortable
feeling among the aristocracy and
land proprietors of England who ex
alt "the oldest male of the family.
Professor Pearson's voluminous sta
tistics, which are published in the
American Genetic Association's Maga
zine, disclose preponderance of a
number of unfavorable tendencies
and characteristics among the first
born. ,
First-born children show the high
est percentage of still births, are most
delicate during childhood, weigh less
and are shorter at birth than the
later-born children. They are in in
sane asylums, homes for feeble
minded and prisons in disproportion
ate numbers, and an abnormally large
number suffer from tuberculosis,
epilepsy, albinism and congenital
cataract.
Professor Pearson recognizes that
the averages In his statistics are gov
erned to some extent by "bad stock."
That is, many weak parents die after
having only a single child, and the
offspring, of course, counts as a first
born, but, aside from this, he insists
that the first-born are actually handi
capped, due partly to the youth of
their parents and partly to physiolog
ical conditions in the mother.
The moral drawn is that eugenically
superior stock ought to rear a fam
ily of five or more children, because,
for example, if the tendency is to rear
only two children, the handicapped
first-born constitute one-half of the
new generation instead of one-fifth.
But perhaps there are other lessons'
to be drawn. Some of the unfavor
able statistics' may be accounted for
in the coddling given the English
first-born male, who inherits title and
realty. Ease in life often "promotes
evil habits and evil habits promote
criminality and insanity. Outside of
England the first-born or only child
is frequently pampered or "spoiled."
Many parents learn to care for chil
dren only by experience, and the sub
ject of the experiment is the one that
suffers most.
But aside from these facts it is pos
sible to turn the professor's recom
mendations against his own conclu
sions, borne families have become
quite the vogue in recent years. Nat
urally as this tendency grows, the pro
portion, of first-born children also
grows and affects the averages.
The advice to the "eugenically su
perior stock" to rear larger families
is qualified with "if possible." The
qualification must mean in the main
"financially able." It is a wise dis
tinction. We cannot escape the
thought that the incidents of poverty
are more conducive than order of
birth to feebleness In Infants, later
insanity, criminality, tuberculosis and
numerous other -disasters which Pro
fessor Pearson discovers to a dispro
portionate extent among the first-born.
TILE RIGHT SIDE OV THE HYPHEN.
Unhyphenated American sentiments
are particularly welcome when com
ing from a hphenated source. A
speech was delivered in, Chicago re
cently by a delegate of the Royal
Colonial Institute of London, who ad
vanced the claims of the institute to
British-American sympathy, but who
said that it Is "limited by its royal
charter to British subjects." He spoke
of branches throughout the United
States, but admitted that "the organi
zation has never been thoroughly tak
en in hand here."
Commenting on this . speech, the
Western British-American, a weekly
paper published in Chicago, expresses
the hope that no campaign for mem
bers of the Institute will be attempted
in the United States, for it foresees a
family quarrel. It then says:
To be perfectly frank on this subject. let
us say at once that no resident of Chicago
or any other part of the Republic, who
makes his living and enjoys the privileges
that prevail uu.Jer Columbia's flag, has any
right to pledge undevlating fealty to the
L'nlon Jack. No Briton so enthused with
British partisanship that his principles and
patriotism will not let him become a citizen
of the country that makes him prosperous
has any moral right to remain here. If he
Is perfectly sincere in his passion for the
Motherland, how can he live and die away
from her epron strings? lie can be sure of
a subsistence oversea, If he has ordinary
ability; if he is a genuine patriot, mere
inrontc will be the least of his worries.
, The foregoing sounds like a sneer, and It
is intended for such. We have no patience
whatever with Britons who make virtue a
vice by taking everything from Uncle tarn
and withholding their best gift loyalty
on the ground of 'patriotism." Surh people
live and die and never know what patriotism
means.
Those are the sentiments of true
Americanism which should inspire
every naturalized citizen, from what
ever country he comes. Hyphenated
names may be necessary to describe
Americans of any particular foreign
origin, and no serious objection will
be taken to them-provided that the
emphasis is placed on the American
side of the hyphen, for, again to quote
the newspaper mentioned, the foreign
born citizen "has solemnly foresworn
allegiance elsewhere, especially to the
land of his birth."-
The present war will not have been
without its compensations to the
United States if it brings these truths
forcibly to the attention of naturalized
citizens. The legitimate appeal to
their sympathy which is made by
their native countries will test the
strength of their loyalty to the oath
of allegiance, and they will prove by
their deeds and words whether they
have become Americans in fact as
well as in name. When such a test
is being made it is fitting that foreign-born
citizens should take the lead
in celebrating Independence day and
should prove that they place the
United States above all countries in
their affections.
THE CROP CONDITION'S.
In the latest bulletin issued by the
Agricultural Department at Washing
ton the condition of various crops in
Oregon is given as fallows, with the
estimated yield appended: Apples, 82
per cent, against 83 per cent average
for last ten years; yield, 3.409,000
bushels, against actual yield of 3,600,-
000 last year. Winter wheat, 97 per
cent, against ten-year average of 93.
per cent; estimated yield, 15,963,000.
against 13,684,000 last year. Spring
wheat, 98 per cent, against ten-year
average of 92 "per cent; estimated
yield, 3,822,000 bushels, against 2,
920,000 last year. Oats, 100 per cent,
against ten-year average of 96 per
cent; estimated yield, 13,984,000 bush
els; yield last year, 12,740,000 bushels.
Barley, 98 per cent, against ten-year
average of 94 per cent; estimated
yield, 4,445,000 bushels; yield last
year, 3.660,000 bushels. Rye, ?9 per
cent, against ten-year average of 94
per cent; yield per acre estimated at
17.06 bushels per acre, against 16
bushels last year (no estimate given
of total yield). The condition of our
grasses and pasture Is as follows (no
totals being given): Tame hay 96 per
cent, clover 95 per cent, alfalfa 94 per
cent, and pasture . 100 per cent.
The crop conditions all over the
country are remarkably, good, the esti
mate being, as compared with the ten
year average, 101.6 per cent. This
high average is reached by abnormal
conditions in Nebraska, and Kansas,
the former state's conditions rating
111.2 and the latter's 112.1. Maryland
and Vermont make the poorest show
ing, the former with 93.8 per cent and
the latter 93.6.'
To give a further showing of the
condition of our farmers it is the rec
ord that on June 1 the index figure of
crop prices was about 6.1 per cent
higher than a year ago and 21.5 per
cent higher than two years ago.
There Is no prettier flower than the
sweet pea and the show to be held in
July will be a delightful-" sight. - But
there are other flowers and some of
them would look charming in a show.
There is the columbine, a most grace
ful blossom of infinite variety. And
the exquisite delphinium. Why not
have a general flower show combined
with a community sing sometime this
Summer? -
It Is fitting that Harvard's new
chair of transportation should be
named for James J. Hill. The endow
ment was raised by his friends and he
has done as much as anybody to make
railroad transportation an exact sci
ence. A bold pioneer in construction,
he attracted settlers by giving them
opportunity to prosper. He built up
an empire by opening its doors to the
world.
It is pleasant to learn that the poul
try farmers around Lebanon and Sa
lem are to organize with help from
the Agricultural College. We suspect
that lack of organization is the main
reason why the "chicken business" so
often fails. At any rate, it is worth
while to see what can be done by
working together.
The local citizen who lost $3000 in
the hoary bunco game is not much to
be blamed. This class of swindlers
puts up a plausible game. Credulous
people will bite, and their sole conso
lation is the knowledge that there arc
smaller fleas -that infest the big ones.
A man contending he is a member
of the royal family of England is in
the local jail on a charge of beating
his wife, and that is certainly hard
luck, -for that crime is a1 royal priv
ilege.
British Columbia will have 'to try
again before she will produce the
highest flagpole in the world, and
there will still remain some tall trees
in Oregon to claim the prize.
The deficiency in' rainfall hovers
around fourteen inches and all know
what to expect until the closing
shower Fourth of July afternoon.
The. name of the captain of the
Teespool suggests that it takes a
Swedish skipper of a British ship to
fool a German submarine.
Russia's wheat yield this year will
be greater than ever, but must stay
there for lack of means of export, un
less the Kaiser breaks in.
When the news of Oregon's milk
prizes spreads abroad, mothers will
come to this state from everywhere to
raise their babies.
It is very well there will not be a
municipal election for two years, since
there is no law to prevent a candidate
from going broke.
The "dry" people could not wish
anything worse than the waste of a
million gallons of wine and brandy in
the Fresno Ire.
The capture of London, as planned
by the Kaiser, is interesting reading;
but ho must get across the Channel
flrst-
The Labor Department's employ
ment office holds out hope that un
employment will soon be at an end.
The negro hanged Thursday at Bir
mingham, Ala., was hoodooed. He
confessed to killing thirteen people.
Did we not hear something nearly
a year ago about the Kaiser's plan
to capture London?
Judging by the testimony of Mrs.
Geddes, polygamy can exist if the man
is wealthy.
The chief obstacle to peace is that
nobody knows he is licked.
Are you cutting your meeds before
they go to seed?
European War Primer
By National Ceoitrapbienl Society.
For months war dispatches from
Gallcia where -vast armies have
swayc-d back and forth, locked In one
of the outstanding, titanic struggles
of history to decide the fate of empires
and two mighty races have gripped
the popular attention more than the
news from any other battle theater.
On Galicla's fields during the past few
months have been done such feats at
arms as the modern world could not
have dreamed of; the strength of great
Russia swept over this Austrian crown
land, driving its powerful, armies over
the plain in the north, over the cen
tral hills, up the northern slopes of the
ragged Carpathians, on to tneir lorty,
ir-v rrpsts hpvnnd thp.se crests. and
hovered over the fertile prairie land of
Hungary, Here .-the wave spent its
irresistible Torce and upon tne oreary
mountain rocks, above the clouds, amid
the ice and snow and chill cold of early
Spring, the flower of Russian and
Austro-Gerraan strength began rolling
backward toward the north, still lockea
In continuous, grinding battle.the foot
hills were left behind and the terrific
contest is surging on to the northern
plain. The nature of this war theater
that has beheld among earth s stern
est. most bitter scenes is intimately de
scribed by William Joseph Snowalter
In a statement prepared for the ra
tional Geographic Society. This writer
says:
"Austrian Poland is practically em
braced by the crownland of Galicia.
This crownland is almost exactly the
size of the State of South Caroline but
it has a population six times as great
If continental United States, exclusive
of Alaska, were as. densely populated
as Galicia, we would boast of a popu
lation four times as great as that of
Russia. And yet Galicia is the poor
est of all the provinces of Austria. It
lies outside the ramparts of the Car
pathians, which rob it of the warm
winds that otherwise would come to it
from the south, and also turn back upon
it the cold winds of the north. Thus
these mountains give Galicia long, cold
Winters, short, wet Springs, hot, blis
tering Summers and dreary, chilly
Autumns.
"The glory of Poland's past and the
hope of her future are Cracow and
Lemberg, for it was the former that
was her capital in the yesterday of his
tory and the latter that is her capital
today and which would be her capital
tomorrow were Polish dreams to come
true. In Cracow, the great city of
Poland's past, the royal palace still
stands; but it is used as a bararcks
and not as the home of a King. The
cathedral is now the .Valhalla of its
departed greatness, for there sleep the
Kings and tbe heroes from the Jagel
lons to Kosciuszko. Not far away is
the Kosciuszkoberg. one of the most re
markable memorials ever reared by
the hand of man a huge mound of
earth brought by loyal Poles from
every battlefield in the- world conse
crated with Polish blood.
"The country around Cracow is flat
and is devoted almost wholly to small
farming and trucking. The peasants
dress in .white jackets and blue breeches
and wear jackboots; their womenfolk,
with large, bright shawls and pictur
esque headdress, brighten and give
spirit to the countryside.
e
"From Cracow to Lemberg the trav
eler encounters good land; it is fairly
level and entirely innocent of fences,
boundary stones making party lines
and tethers or herdsmen keeping live
stock where it belongs. The same meth
ods of agriculture that we used in the
United States before the days of the
self-binder and the grain drill are still
in force in that region.
"It is in Lemberg that the only Polish-dominated
legislative assembly in
existence holds its sessions, for Lem
berg is the capital of Galicia and the
Poles, because of their shrewd politi
cal ability and their numerical weight,
control the Galician Legislature in the
face of their rivals, the Ruthenians, of
East Galicia. The City of Lemberg la
largely modern a compact nucleus
surrounded by scattering suburbs.
"While Galicia is almost wholly an
agricultural region and while a large
percentage of that agriculture is car
ried on in the old-time way, there are
some few manufacturing neighbor
hoods and industrial districts. Distil
leries occupy the first place among the
industries and there are many beet
sugar and tobacco factories. Petroleum
springs abound along the Carpathians
and iiome of the towns in this region
grow from small villages to modem
Beaumonts between New Year and
Christmas.
. "Galicia has many of the world's
most famous salt mines. Those at
Wieliczka have been worked for nearly
seven centuries, at one time bfin;r a
principal source of revenue for the Pol
ish Kings. Railroads are not permit
ted to run near thoni. lest their vibra
tions result in cave-ins. Within these
mines are a labyrinth of salt-hewn
streets and alleys, lined with pil
lared churches, staircases, restaurants,
shrines and monuments.
"Austria lias never treated her Polos
as the Russians ' and Prussians have
treated theirs. The Poles of -Austria
are as free to sing their national songs
as the people of our own South are free
to sing Dixie. They are as much at
liberty to glorify their past and to
speak their native tongue as though
they were free and independent. Except
that they must pay their taxes to Aus
tria and serve in Austria's array, they
are practically self-governing.
"As Western Galicia Is the strong
hold of the Austriay. Pole, so Eastern
Galicia is. the main dwelling-place of
the Rutheninn. The two races never
get along very well together. The
peasant population of Austrian Poland
ekes out a hard existence. In many
Parts of the country the peasant lives
in a log hut covered with straw; he
breakfasts, dines and makes his supper
of porridge, washing it down with bad
brandy, and in general lives a life full
of want and empty of pleasure. The peas
ants who farm for the nobles receive
no money in payment, but only a. share
of the crop, often as low a share as
one-twelfth, a wage of slow starva
tion." Portland to Ontario.
IIOQUIAM, Wash., June 24. (To the
Kditor.) I am looking for information
as to the possibility of getting from
Portland to Ontario, Or., by motorcy
cle. What, In your opinion, is a good
route? M. L CARROLL.
213 Tenth Street.
'Owing to construction work in
progress on the Columbia Highway the
motorcycle tourist should ship by
steamer to The Dalles, or if he pre
fers, he can cross over the mountains
via the Barlow road or tbe ilc
Kehzie River route. From The Dalles,
or via the Barlow road. Die route
leads to Madras, where one may go
either via Bend and the auto freight
route to Burns, or via Prineville and
the old stage road through Paulina
and Fife to Burns. From Burns the
route leads through Drewsey and "Vale
to Ontario.
Time lit Kljrureii.
TILLAMOOK. Or., June 24. (To the
Editor.) Please state the proper way
to write (in figures) a certain hour,
for instance, three o'clock P. M.
Is the following the proper way to
write "in care of"': "John Doe, C',
Richard Roe"? ' READ1SR.
(1) Write it either 3 P. M. or 8:00
P. M.
(2) "Care of" may be abbreviated
to c. o. or to the same letters with a
slanting line between. It is not prop
erly Indicated with the per cent sign.
Twenty-Five Years Ago
From The Oregonian, Juna 18. 1S'.K.
At a special meeting at the Cham
ber of Commerce last night business
men and others of Portland registered
their protest against the alleged im
perfection of the census enumeration.
Resolutions were adopted and tele
graphed to the liast heartily protest
ing against the lax methods pursued,
and copies of The Oregonian in which
the discrepancies have been pointed
out will be sent. An appeal waa sent
to Oregon's Congressional Representa
tives to take some Bpeedy action In
the matter. A resolution was also
adopted asking Census Supervisor John
Kelly to establish an office in Port
land while the census is being taken
in Portland, East Portland and Albina.
Sheepshead .Bay. More than 30.000
frenzied spectators yesterday saw Sal
vator, the great California running
horse, beat Tenny, "the swayback," in
one of the prettiest races ever seen
here. The face was run in 2:05, break
ing the former record of 2:06, made
by Kingston. It is estimated that fully
$2,000,000 exchanged hands over the
race. Murphy was up on Salvator and
Garrison on Tenny. Haggin, the owner
of Salvator, won $60,000 on the race.
Salem. At the second day's session
of the Association of Congregational
Churches in Oregon it was voted that
the time has come when a Congrega
tional college should be established in
this state. A committee of 12 was au
thorized to be appointed by the mod
erator to take necessary preliminary
steps towards financing and building
a college.
Berlin. The Cassel Stadtenzeiger as
serts that on the occasion of the visit
of the deputation on representative res
idents of Cassel to Prince Bismarck
recently the ex-Cliancellor said that
England has looked well to her own in
terests in the African settlement. In
time she would be friendly towards
German merchants in Zanzibar, he said,
but sooner or later would try to oust
them. The possession of Heligoland
by Germany, he said, had always been
the wish of Germany, but there might
be a variety of opinions as to the price
paid by Germany -for the island.
Mrs. W. A. Moores, of Salem, while
visiting relatives in Albany Sunday,
had the misfortune to make a misstep,
dislocating her knee joint.
The recent discovery of natural gas
in Drain. Or., has awakened interest
not only in Oregon but in other states
as well. Experts believe tha not only
gas, but oil and coal as well, will be
found in the Drain district.
A. B. McAlpin has resigned his place
as captain of the Portland Rowing
Association owing to a pressure of
other duties. C. D. McLane has been
appointed his successor.
A pleasant surprise party was ten
dered Miss Grace Riddle Tuesday night
at the residence of Mr. and Mrs. George
Henderson, 188 Harrison street. Miss
Riddle has been spending some time in
Portland attending school and will
leave in a few days for The Dalles.
Those in attendance at the party were:
Misses Gilbert, Wilmot, Bradley. Parr
and Dalgleisch and Messrs. Smith,
Montgomery, Bradley, Harning, Casey
and AV. S. Love.
Washington. The free silver bill
was passed yesterday in the House. The
aid given the strictly free silver men
by the Democrats made the victory
possible. The bill now goes back to
the Senate with a request that it ap
point a conference committee.
lister County Gazette Fake.
PORTLAND, June 25. (To the Edl
tnr KlnHlv tell me where I can dis-
an old newstaier. the Ulster
County Gazette, printed at Kingston, N.
Y., in 1800, with George Washington's
death and 'funeral in it. I have had
it in my possession 40 years and it was
given to me by my father then. I
would like to sell it. L. B. C.
A half century or so ago the coun
try was flooded with spurious copies
of the Ulster County Gazette contain
ing a report of George Washington's
death. If your copy is genuine it is
probably imposaible to distinguish it
from the reprint. Unless its existence
could be definitely traced back to 1800
it would have no value and then only
to some museum, historical society or
isolated collector of curios. It would
be difficult, to find b purchaser.
Robert Lansing", Trained Diplomat
In The Sunday Oregonian
President Wilson's recent appointment of Robert Lansing as
Secretary of State to succeed William Jennings Bryan has aroused
Nation-wide interest in the personality and the past achievements
of this young diplomat.
Mr. Lansing belongs to a family of American diplomats. His
father-in-law is John W. Foster, Secretary of State in President
Harrison's Cabinet, and frequently referred to as "the old fox of
American diplomacy."
The relations between Mr. Lansing and Ex-Secretary Foster and
the influence that their ripe knowledge of diplomatic affairs may
have in solving the perplexing problems of present international
crises will be fully discussed tomorrow in The Sunday Oregonian.
The story will be completely illustrated.
ENGLISH REA'ERE JOAN OF ARC The present alliance between
France and England in attempting to halt the expansion of the Ger
man empire has brought about a strange reversal of the English
mind toward Joan of Arc. The English people have begun to re
vere the memory of the Maid of Orleans quite as much as the
French. The old home of Joan in Orleans now is occupied by an
enterprising milliner.. Numerous English people are regular callers
to add their testimonial of respect along with those of the French.
THE SOUTH SEA BUBBLE How nobles were disgraced and common
folks brought to ruin in their mad quest for easy money will be
told in a complete story describing the sordid details of the South
Sea bubble, which tore all England in its grasp 200 years ago. The
whole affair will be reviewed in the Sunday issue. It will be well
illustrated. .
UNCLE SAM'S TREE NURSERIES How the United States, through
its forestry bureau, prepares millions of young trees each year for
planting on the waste plac.es of the land will be explained in inter
esting detail by a correspondent who is familiar with the wrork. The
story will be illustrated with actual pictures showing men at work.
GENERAL GORGAS IN THE WAR ZONE While General Goethals
was conquering the forces of nature by building the canal through
Panama, General Gorgas was triumphing over the natural enemy of
mankind disease by eliminating the cause's of disease. Dr. Gorgas
has been making a study of problems of sanitation and surgery in
the European war zone and will present his findings in The Sunday
Oregonian.
AMERICAN ARTISTS AT SAN FRANCISCO Many wonderful
works of art are represented at the San Francisco fair. Among them
are the works of numerous American sculptors and painters. Some
of these masterpieces have been photographed and the protographs,
will be reproduced in the Sunday paper.
PIONEERS IN ANNUAL REUNION This week has been Pioneer
week and hundreds of the state's original citizens have been here in
annual reunion. A staff writer mingled among them and obtained
some interesting reminiscences. He will write his impressions for
The Sunday Oregonian. Many pictures will supplement the text.
OTHER INTERESTING DETAILS The usual Sunday features will
be retained in full volume, including society, the drama, sports, au
tomobiles, real estate, markets, marine news and the comic section.
Several pages, well illustrated, will be devoted to the numerous
localities in and around Portland where people can pass their vaca
Half a Century Ago
From The Oreg-onlan, June 2fl, 1S63.
The Philadelphia Inquirer has recent
ly printed an interesting biographical
sketch of Colonel Lafayette C. Baker,
who became famous by his operations
in connection with the arrests of the
assassins of the President and by
other services. The sketch tells of the.
valuable work of Colonel Baker in fer
reting out rebel aid societies, and in
making perilous trips into rebel terri
tory, capturing much-needed maps and
getting valuable information, lie also
did heroic work against the New York
bounty jumpers, and his name, the
sketch says, will go down in history
as one of the most famous of detect
ives. The New Tork Observer published a.
letter from E. C. Delaven. in which Is
inclosed a document of much interest.
It is a paper signed by various Presi
dents from James Madison down to An
drew Johnson, in which these promi
nent heads of the Nation have nsyerted
their belief that in the disuse "of a.lco
hollc liquors the Nation as a wholo
would be benefited. President Harri
son's name is not attached for the rea
son that Mr. Delaven did not get to sre
him before Mr. Harrison's death, but
Mr.' Delaven adds that Mr. Harrison
would have signed it, inasmuch as out
of principle alone he relinquished his
interests in distilleries. The Presidents
signed are; James Madison, .iohn
Quiney Adams. John Tyler, Millard
Fillmore, Franklin Pierce. Abraham
Lincoln. Andrew Jackson, Martin Van
Buren, Zachary Taylor, James K. Polk.
James Buchanan and Andrew Johnson.
The Chicago Times, a rabid secession
ist sheet, admits that "as a legal propo
sition all who have engaged in the re
bellion, or given aid and comfort to the
rebellion, are sftbject to the penalties
of treason." This admission is an ax
iomatic truth and if the laws were en
forced in letter and spirit the state
ment this copperhead editor makes
would consign himself and friends to
a richly-deserved punishment.
The population of Salt Lake is said
to be 17.000. In all Utah it is about
90,000.
E. P. Beebe has resigned as principal
of the public school of this city and
has taken his departure to the East.
O. S. Frambles, of the Portland Acad
emy and Female Seminary, will succeed
him. AAre understand Mrs. Frambles
will also be engaged in the same school.
Pacific Highway In Washington.
ABERDEEN. Wash.. June 24. (To
the Editor.) Please tell me the con
dition of the auto road between Port
land and Aberdeen, Wash.
SUBSCRIBER.
From Aberdeen there is a good aulo
road leading to Chehalis and Ccn
tralia, intercepting the regular Pa
cific Highway. Except for a few miles
of unsatisfactory road between Kelso
and Kalama. Wash., the full length of
the Pacific Highway between Olyinpla
and Portland ts in good condition. Ac
cording to Frank M. Fret well, of Se
attle, who came over that stretch of
road this week in the official car of
the AVashington Automobile Chamber
of Commerce, the trouble between
Kelso and Kalama is due to the neg
ligence of one contractor, who, in re
pairing the road, has piled refuse dirt
carelessly. This situation was re-'
ported this week to Governor Lister,
who had already expressed an interest
In the matter, and a speedy remedy
will probably result. Mr. Fretwell says
it would require only a few hours'
work to remove the bad stretch. At
Kalama the motorist should ferry
across the Columbia River to Goble
and come to Portland through St. Hel
ens, Scappoose and Linnton.
No Vote at Capital.
PORTLAND, June 25. (To the Edi
tor.) (1) Do the people of Washing
ton, D. C have a vote in any election,
either National or local?
(2) Is Washington the only town in
the District of Columbia? R. K. K.
(1) No. But Government employes
and officials are not deprived of the
franchise if they desire to go home to
vote.
(2) There are several villages, which
bear the relation of suburbs to the city
proper.