6
THE 3IORXI'G OREGONIAN. MONDAY. JUNE 14. 1915.
PORTLAND. OEEGO.V.
Entered at Portland. Oregon, Poatofflce as
Kcond-clui matter.
Subscription Hate Invariably In advance:
(By Mall.)
Dally. Sunday Included, one year .
Iraily. .Sunday Included, six months .
XJaily. Sunday Included, three months
Dally, Sunday included, one month .
Daily, wlthou: Sunday, one year
Dally, without Sunday, six months . .
Dally, without Sunday, three months
Dally, without Sunday, one month
VeeKly, one year
.18.00
. 4.21
. Z.XZ
'. .73
. 6.00
y 1
....
1.
.8U
1.0O
2.50
fcunday, one year
fiuDtlay and Weekly, one year 3.50
(By Carrier.)
Dally. Sunday included, one year ....... .00
Dally, Sunday included, one month
How to Keznit Send Postotrice money oro
r. express order or personal check on yourf
local Lank. Stamps, coin or currency are at
sender's risk. Give postoffice addressin full,
including ounty and state.
Fnotaee Bates 12 to 16 pages. 1 cent; IS
to pages. 2 cents; 34 to 48 pages, a cents;
60 to pages, 4 cents; 62 to 7 pages, 5
cents; 7H to M2 pages, S cents. Foreign post.
?e, double rates.
Eastern BnRiaea Office Veree- & Conklln.
TCew York, Brunswick building; Chicago,
istenger building.
PORTLAND, MONDAY, JUKE 14, 1915.
- -
A QUESTIOJf OF AM.MUMTION.
Recent events in the war both In the
ast and west of Europe show the close
relation between success and the sup
ply cf artillery ammunition. There
seems to have been a lack of co-ordination
between the allies" operations on
the two main battle points which can
be most plausibly explained, by their
lack or sufficient ammunition to begin
and continue a vigorous offensive from
both directions.
Progress of Russia In destroying
Austria as an Important factor In the
war required co-operation by all her
allies. Conquest of the .Carpathians
(without disaster on other parts of her
long battle line demanded that Ger
jnan and Austrian troops be kept so
fully occupied in other quarters that
mo reinforcements could be sent to the
Carpathian front without risk of de
feat at some other equally Important
point. It also demanded an Increasing
flow of artillery and ammuntion Jo
the Russian front. Russia might then
have been able to force her way
through the mountains Into Hungary,
to clear Bukowina and Transylvania
of Austrian troops and then to swing
her Capathian line around to form a
continuation southward of the line
which extended from the Baltic to the
Carpathians.
But the French and British confined
their efforts In the west to attacks
on relatively small sections of the
German line. Germany was able to
transfer a force roughly estimated at
600, 000 men to western Galicia and
to make a diversion by invading Cour
land, occupying Libau and threaten
ing Riga and the main line of com
munication between Petrograd and
"Warsaw. An immense force, with over
whelming heavy artillery and abundant
ammunition, was massed by Germany
and Austria west of the Dunajee
River. This fact was announced in
London newspapers, but no adequate
measures were taken to meet the
threatened attack. Russia was too
deeply entangled in the mountains and
lacked artillery ammunition.
The British had landed 600,000 ad
ditional troops in France a short time
previous to this Teuton concentration
In Galicia. The French had called the
"1915 recruits to the colors. Lord
Kitchener had announced that the war
would begin in May, causing the in
ference to be drawn that his new army
would be ready for service in that
month. Tet no attack was made on
the Germans in the west on any such
scale as that which they launched at
the Russians in the East. Russia
suffered one of the mosf'disastrous
defeats of the war, and is now clinging
stubbornly to. th,e last corner of Aus
trian territory. According to recent
reports, Germany now. feels safe in
sending 500,000 troops to the west,
thus balancing the same number of
British who are still held In leash.
The opportunity to break a weakened
line, which was offered to the British
and French by the Gallcian concen
tration, has been lost. When the allies
do attack they will face an army
strengthened by victorious troops.
The outcry in Britain about the
scarcity of ammunition, which was one
of the main causes for forming
a coalition Cabinet and for devoting
to production of munitions the driving
force of Lloyd George, explains this
weakness in the allied plan of cam
paign. Kitchener's army was not sent
to the front because it lacked ma
terial wherewith to fight. The Rus
sians were driven back for the same
reason. Great as would be the moral
and strategic effect of forcing the
Iiardanelles it would not aid Russia
materially to obtain ammunition
from her allies, when they have not
enough for their own armies. She
now receives her supplies at Arch
angel, which was frozen when
the last series of Galician battles
began. Vladivostok was then open,
but Japan stopped shipments to Rus
sia just at the time when they were
most sorely needed, for Japanese rela
tions with China had reached a crisis
In which she might need them herself.
Russia could import supplies from the
United States and Canada, but at great
cost and with many delays In the
Journey half way around the world.
Success for the allies depends, on
their ability to produce enough arms
and ammunition to supply their armies
continuously. Russia has an unlimited
supply of men, but lacks facilities for
making cannon, rifles, shells and"
cartridges for them. In order to make
these men available, the allies should
be able to make up this deficiency.
They must increase their production
enormously if they are to do so. France
is organized to a man and to a woman
for the war. Britain has only just set
about doing so, though the war is
nearly a year old. Time is required to
develop in green men skill at making
shells and explosives, but the training
will need to be pushed in order to
Increase the forces in the factories
quickly enough to meet the occasion.
Lloyd George is exhorting workmen to
cast off union restrictions and hints
plainly at force in the shape of con
scription if they do not comply. Should
he succeed and should victory follow,
he will share the glory with Kitchener.
Germany and Austria have had the
advantage of a large accumulated sup
ply of ammunition and of facilities for
manufacture of the raw material on
hand. The allies have the advantage
of the world's supply of both- raw
material and finished product, and
also of excluding outside supplies from
the enemy's country. If the allies can
Increase their output to equal their
needs, while the enemy, is exhausting
his supply and Is unable to renew it,
their chances of final success will be
bright. The winner in this war will
be the party which can accumulate
enough, explosive to blast a way
through to the heart of the other
party's country.
OrR ACHIEVEMENT.
It is a cause for pride, that Port
land, year after year, can present a
Rose Festival conspicuous for- real
worth and large attendance. This year
obstacles were surmounted as If they
did not exist dull times and unsatis-
factory weathpr. The civic and. ln-
... .
austnai parade was proDaDiy tne
largest pageant ever exhibited in Port
land; the vehicle parade excelled
previous efforts in beauty and number
of entries; the electrical parade was
Improved with novelties, and in other
respects was as gorgeous as ever. But
- - , ,
perhaps the real marvel of the week
"was the Rose Festival Center. It was
of surpassing loveliness, a place where
the throng could go and drink in
beauty and pleasing odors. In peace
and quiet, ,
It is maybe we do not yet realize
the full value of the Rose Festival.
Its worth is not altogether in the
advertisement It gives the city, the
trade it brings to Portland or the
spirit of co-operation it engenders. It
stimulates the love of civic beauty:
it Inspires rich and poor to cultivate
the floral bounties of a beneficent soil
and climate. Rose gTowing has be
come a hobby and It is a good hobby
to possess. Instead of petty bicker
ings, idle gossip and the overworked
weather we talk of scented blossoms
and how best to grow them. Neigh
borhood rivalries are over who can
best grace his yard with color and
fragrance. Dull cares are buried deep
in the garden loam and we gain health
and happiness from work in the open
air.
The Rose Festival Is an annual
achievement which lasts a moment
but Its spirit and influence pervade the
entire year. It is too valuable an as
set to think of surrendertng.-
r i err re of the lumber txdttstry.
In addressing the Forest Club of
the University of Washington, J. J.
Donovan drew a sadl? true picture of
the condition to which the lumber
industry has been reduced. - No man
in the Pacific Northwest is better
qualified to speak on this subject, for
Mr. Donovan has been for many years
one of the chief workers In the de
velopment of the lumber Industry
around Belllngham. He does- not al
low the students of forestry to go out
to work under any illusions as to the
conditions of their chosen vocation.
Lumber, he says, is selling at prices
at "which profit is Impossible. Wages
have been cut and must be cut again
or mills must close until prices rise.
Manufacturers are forbidden to com
bine, but unions are exempt from "that
prohibition, so he says, though we
do not understand the Clayton law to
go so far. Competition is enforced! not
only between domestic manufactur
ers, but by means of free trade be
tween domestic and Canadian manu
facturers, though a Canadian tariff
bars our lumber from the prairie
provinces. We build a canal to "de
velop our commerce and then charge
tolls to our own ships for using it
and measure them so that they must
pay 20 per cent more than foreign
vessels. It costs an American ship
$1000 more to carry lumber to the
Atlantic Coast than it costs a foreign
ship carrying Canadian lumber.
Mr. Donovan condemns the La Fol
lette law, and seems to advocate
subsidies as a means of restoring our
merchant marine. The Oregonian
adheres to its opposition to imprison
ment of seamen for desertion, to Its
support of the safety provisions of
the -seamen's law and to Its opposi
tion to subsidies, but is more and
more inclined to believe that regula
tion of the shipping business should
be a matter of international agree
ment as to treatment of seamen and
provision for safety. It does not seem
practicable for this Nation, doing onjy
a small fraction of the world's carry
ing trade, to dictate terms to all
other nations. The restoration of our
merchant marine can be effected bet
ter by cutting the shackles imposed
by our own laws than by subsidies.
THE SAXEST OF ALL FOURTHS.
The approaching Independence Day
celebration will have a peculiar sig
nificance, because the loyalty of our
foreign-born citizens is being put to
a severe test. They see their respective
native countries engaged in a life and
death struggle, and quite naturally
each passionately desires the success
of his own home land. This desire
springs from worthy sentiments, but
it may lead to words and conduct
which constitute disloyalty to the
United States. Former subjects of
each belligerent country may be
tempted to serve that country's cause
by endeavoring to align this country
with it in the war or to influence the
policy of this country to its own Injury-
with the same end In view.
Were the foreign-born citizens to
yield generally to this temptation, the
United States would be torn with dis
sension among its various racial ele
ments. It would appear to be not a
nation but an aggregation of foreign
colonies which had for merely tem
porary convenience organized a gov
ernment. The time demands that all
foreign-born citizens be reminded of
the oath they took when naturalized
and that all who are now or here
after naturalized should be impressed
with the solemnity and significance of
that oath. Each man renounced al
legiance to the country of his birth
and swore allegiance to the United
States, the country of his adoption. If
he would be true to this oath he must
place the United States above all and
must think and act at all times as an
American.
This thought has prompted Freder
ick C. Howe, commissioner of immi
gration at Ellis Island, N. T., to sug
gest to the mayors of American cities
that at forthcoming celebrations of the
Fourth of July they follow out the
idea adopted at Cleveland last year.
The names and addresses of aliens
admitted to citizenship during the pre
ceding year were secured and they
were invited to a citizenship reception,
presented with the American flag, and
seated on a platform decorated with
the flags of all nations. National airs
were sung, addresses made by native
and foreign-born citizens, and the
pledge of allegiance was recited in
unison. The idea has been extended
to apply to all foreign-born citizens
and to the promotion of naturalization
among those who remain legally aliens.
Of about 7.000.000 foreign-born males
who are old enough to vote, less than
half have become citizens, and It Is
proposed to mobolize and assimilate
this alien material.
The movement has been taken up
favorably by about fifty cities, with
New York at the head, by chambers of
commerce, emp.oyers of labor and
newspapers printed in foreign
languages. The Immigrants in Ameri
ca Review has offered prizes for the
best two papers on "What America I
-iieans ana iiow to Americanize tne
Immigrant. A National committee
composed of distinguished men and
women has undertaken general direc
tion of the movement.
"We have been congratulating our
selves for several years on the sane
Fourth of July. The sanest observance
of the day is to make the Immigrants
Americans in spirit as well as In form
by impressing upon them what it
means to be an American. Not until
men think as Americans and follow up
their thought in action are they truly
Americans.
SCANDAL AT AVNAPOLI3.
Revelations of cheating at examin
ations by midshipmen at the Annapolis
Naval Academy will form a painful
impression on public opinion. In the
Navy, as in. the Army, the phrase "an
officer and a gentleman" is current
and is taken to mean that the man to
whom It is applied is incapable of
cheating in any manner. It now ap
pears that cheating has been the cus
tom at Annapolis for years. Men are
being appointed to responsible posi
tions on board ship who have a low
standard of honor and who have not
stood a fair test of their mental quali
fications. These men have defrauded
their country Just as seriously as did
the contractor who a few years ago
delivered armor plate full of. blow
holes to the Navy. The money which
the Nation has spent on their educa
tion has been wasted. The guilty
students have not only failed to "de
liver the goods' but have proved to be
bad raw material.
There must be something wrong
about the government of the academy
or the midshipmen would not be dis
posed to such wholesale and habitual
cribbing" and any few who practiced
it would be promptly detected , and
punished,. One cause of the' rresent
humiliating condition may be that 'dis
cipline over the three junior classes is
entrusted to the first class, which
provokes subterfuge by unreasonable
rules better adapted to a girl's board
ing school. A young man takes a pride
in violating an absura restriction or nis
liberty, such as a prohibition of smok
ing. Tricks which he has learned as
a "plebe" he will practice as a first
class man. If the midshipmen .are
treated as men they will be apt to feel
that they are "on their honor" and
to act as men.
Political meddling and favoritism
has been a curse to Annapolis. It en
courages the students to rely on pull
rather than merit. It directly incites
to breach of rules, for the man with
pull believes that rules are made
only for those who have no. pull. This
influence has cropped out at the pre
sent investigation, for - Secretary
Daniels has been urged by letter and
telegram Jo cause the release of the
seven midshipmen who have been
placed under arrest. The academy, in
order to supply the Navy with the right
kind of officers, should be, kept en
tirely clear of politics.
THE
In
ORIGIN AD CONSERVATIONISTS.
a speech at the recent open
river banquet at Pasco, ex-Governor
Miles C. Moore, of Washington, very
appropriately reminded his hearers of
the close resemblance between the
policy of the conservationists who
have locked up the resources of the
West and the policy of the Hudson's
Bay Company when it ruled over the
Northwest. He contrasted the mo
tives of the American settlers, who
"were paving the way for a future
civilization," with those of the fur
traders, who "were Interested solely
in the fur trade and the profits to be
derived therefrom" and who "discour
aged and obstructed settlement." He
continued, speaking of the fur trad
ers: Durins; the 240 years of their dominion,
in all thrvt vast region granted to Prince
Rupert, they built no cities; dug no canals;
developed no water power; built no rail
roads or telegraph lines; farmed no con
siderable tracts of land; discouraged avery
where individual effort and Initiative. In
short they were conservationists of the
strictest sect.
In order to remove this ban to
progress the Canadian government
bought out practically all of the Hud
son's Bay Company's holdings in the
west of the Dominion. After the
American settlers had secured Oregon
for the Union and after the United
States Government had clinched the
claim and removed the barrier, the
conservationists restored it. They
have placed upon 60 per cent of the
area of Oregon an embargo as com
plete as that imposed by the Hud
son's Bay Company. They have ar
rested the march of progress and in
this reserved area have set it back
nearly a century. They refuse to per
mit the people to develop the country
unless the states submit to usurpa
tion and to a species of tutelage. This
holdup would have provoked rebellion
among a less law-abiding community.
PHARISAICAL, PEACE TALK.
There has arisen of late years a
new breed of Pharisee which advo
cates peace at any price and which
refuses to discriminate between out
right militarists and those sincere
advocates of peace who propose
armament for defense of the Nation
against aggression. In their eyes
they alone love peace and all others
are militarists. These Pharisees con
ceal under the guise of a love of peace
what is really a love of ease at any
price. Their Idea is not a nation
strong and independent, respecting
itself equally with its neighbors; it
appears to be a nation which will en
dure any wrong or any Indignity
rather than arouse Itself from luxury
and from its pseudo-humanitarian
dreams to fight.
There are two types of peace ad
vocates. One is the type we have de
scribed, whose patriotism has been
thinned cut into a watery cosmopoli
tanism and whose professed love for
mankind forms an apology for not
loving one's country well enough to
fight for it. The other type love
peace no less fervently, but it reject
peace with Ignominy and bondage and
will fight for peace under which each
nation can live its own life in its own
way, secure within its own borders,
and under which each nation's citi
zens can travel the world in safety.
relying upon their country to right
their wrong3. This latter type ar
dently desires that fighting among
nations be done away with and that
armies and navies become merely the
instruments through which a world
court shall administer International
justice. Because these true lovers of
peace keep their eyes open to present
conditions and refuse to leave their
country unarmed for defense amid
warring world, they are branded as
militarists and are confounded with
those who arm for aggression and
conquest.
If the estimate of these lovers of
I peace worth having made by tn
champions of peace- at any price b
correct, then all the great men wh
labored and the great and lowly who
fought and died to win liberty for
tneir country laoorea ana aiea in
vain; the man who gave his life and
the woman who gave her husband,
son or brother were deluded fools.
The builders and preservers of our
republic would fall into this class
Washington, Jefferson, Franklin, Per
ry, Jackson, Lincoln, Grant, Sherman.
So also would the patriot heroes of
every nation Leonidas 'and his 300
Spartans, Horatius of the bridge, Wal
lace, Tell, Hampden, Lafayette, Mira
beau, Moreau, Hugo, Gambetta, Em
met, Cavour, Garibaldi an innumer
able company whose deeds and words
have been the inspiration to the youth
of every' age.
This derision of great men and
their deeds springs from an Inverted
humanitariamsm which refuses to set
against the cost of war In blood, suf
fering and treasure the . blessings
which have been -won by righteous
wars .for delivery of nations from
alien conquerors and domestic tyrants.
It sees only the dead on -the battle
field, the maimed, mutilated, blind
and insarfe who have returned, the
women who weep for the lost, ,the
ruined cities and farms- It does not
see the vigorous, free, independent,
progressive, enlightened nations which
have been built on the foundation of
those dead, cemented by their blood
and by the tears of their women. It
does not see what might have been
had those wars never been fought,
had the warriors preferred their ease
to the strenuous exertion and the
risks of war lands sunk under feudal
oppression, ravaged by alternate con
querors, their people a prey to the
greed and lust .of tyrants, ignorance
everywhere, industry, enterprise and
learning stifled. Let our peace-at-any-
price advocates read Youngs descrip
tion of France before the revolution
and then Judge if the ending of such
condition -as not worth all of the
awful price which France paid.
Even a nation defeated in a just
war is better off than had it tamely
submitted to Wrong. Never was a
more heroic but hopeless fight made
than that of Denmark against two
great monarchies in 1S64. Though
Denmark lost, she can hold up her
head among the nations, and the
spirit .which moved her to fight
has - moved her to become a beacon
of progress and enlightenment. Had
she yielded, she would have pro
claimed herself so spiritless that she
would have earned the contempt of
herself as well as all other nations
nd might have been so humbled as
to lack rhe energy to rise again within
er restricted borders. Even poor.
prostrate, ravished Belgium will prove
to have profited in the end by having
fought, for her example has proved
an inspiration not only to her allies
but to the whole civilized world. By
fighting she has established a claim
to restoration, which no nation except
her enemies thinks of denying and by
her indomitable spirit she has given
a pledge that, she would well use the
liberty for which she fought. Even
the Indian has proved his fitness for
citizenship by resisting the encroach
ments of the white man, for now he
can meet the white man face to face
and look him- in the eye as man to
man, not as dog to man. In a cause
which one believes to be good, it is
better to have fought and lost than
never to have fought at all.
The sort of one-eyed squeamlshnesa
which causes men to oppose war for
any cause is displayed in other di
rections. It shrinks from executing
the murderer, having no pity for the
murderer's victim and forgetting the
higher claims of the community to
safety from Its bloodthirsty members.
It condemns vivisection, being unwill
ing that one dog should die In order
that many men may live. It Is hu-
manitarianism perverted into enmity
to the real interests of the human
race.
The Bend Press Is the name of a
brisk little weekly paper Just started
in' that Crook County town by Short
& MacVeagh, the editor being Charles
J5. Short, a well-known Oregonian
with ability to make the paper live up
to the standards of the town. Crook
County Is becoming noted for the num
ber of its newspapers, and the Press
is not the least in quality.
"Any port In a storm" was the motto
of the cherrypicker at The Dalles,
who could not work while the wind
blew. A heartless judge gave him five
days of calm and serenity.
That Los Angeles widower finds re
marriage an easy way to .comply with
the requirements of his grandfather's
bequest of $18,000. Seldom does
widower need a bonus.
The hamlet, town, or city that cele
brates the Fourth is a live burg. You
will have to excuse Portland, however,
while she Is in the convalescent stage.
By-ran cannot afford to accept the
offer of the circus man of $15,000 for
twelve weeks. The cartoonists would
make a monkey of him next year.
Baseball traditions are going to
smash this year with McGraw and
Connie Mack rattling around the bot
tom of the table.
"Unwritten law" saved the man who
killed his employer at Olympla and
the couple fell Into each other's arms
and- made up.
By the time Russia and Austria have
each taken Przemysl once more, they
will both be ready to hand it over to
the Junkman.
Oregon horticulture won against the
world by simply showing what we
have, not by lavish expenditure of
money.
The black cat on the derelict ship In
the South Pacific deserves to be res
cued by the Hoo Hoo and made their
mascot.
There is no danger that the tribe of
Rockefeller will die out. John D., Jr.,
is now the father df six.
Being wounded in battle is the only
way many a Frenchman could get Into
those swell Paris hotels.
Carranza professes to be "the whole
thing" in Mexico. Then why does he
not let the people eat?
The Democratic party cannot steal
Republican thunder by putting a duty
on wool.
The Pioneers will be here in ten
days, so get ready for them. They are
passing.
Let the Stars and Stripes fly In the
breeze today.
This is not good corn weather, but
it is great for potatoes.
Ha.lf a Century Ago
From The Oregonian, June 1S.1S85.
Church & Clark, 407 Front street.
San Francisco, are advertising an
elaborate supply of fireworks and ex
plosives for tle July Fourth celebra
tion. Among the things listed are
floral shells, serpent mines, bengolas.
rattan bombs and double headers.
M. A. King, the assayer, has assumed
the entire management of the office
until lately Tracey & King, in the
Wells Fargo Building. V
Madame Ve Conte, the fortune-teller,
who claims to have foretold so suc
cessfully tbe fate and fortune of Na
poleon, is croerating at 27, Washington
street. The consultation fee is T5 and
she is doing a good business.
A new building is in process of erec
tion at Forest Grove, the place where
the Pacific -University is located. This
building will supply in part the grow
in s wants of the institution. W learn I
that it is in comtemplation to erect
a large and substantial college struc
ture as soon as arrangements now ;
making for that purpose are com
pleted. New York. The Tribune's Washing
ton dispatch says: Colonel W. H. Tay
lor, General Lee's Adjutant-General;
W J Moore and about 50 Confederate
soldiers at present residing at Norfolk,
Va, were summoned to appear before
United States District Court with a
view to testifying against R. E. Lee
and other prominent officials on the
charge of treason.
Colonel Sanderson, author of the
Florida Secession Ordinance, has gone
into Jacksonville to pay his taxes, says
dispatch from the South. Alabama
patriots are circulating petitions to
President Johnson begging that that
state be admitted to the Union again.
Congressman Harris, of Maryland,
has been sentenced to three years'
imprisonment for persuading rebels in
i-.ee s Army not to take the oath or al
legiance to the Union.
The London Daily News remarks: "If
Johnson intended to Rive France cause
to declare war, he would not how be
disbanding armies and recalling ships.
The throne of Maxmillian may be en
dangered. by. the help of which Juarez
may get from the American people
in ways which will give Napoleon no
right to remonstrate with Johnson.
Daniel H. Ferguson, well known in
Oregon and Washington, has written
letter to Colonel J. S. Ruckle, from
Colville, Washington Territory, in
which he comments on the mining out
look and prospects in the Upper Colum
bia country. He says big develop
ments will follow, as do Henry La-
fleur and Henry Kerns, who have just
returned from that district.
The qualified electors of the city
met in their several precincts and nom
inated for Councilmen the following:
First Ward By acclamation. John
McCracken, A. M. Starr and P. C.
Schuyler, Jr. "
Second Ward By ballot, E. S. Mor
gan, A. Rosenheim and x-. A. Clark.
Third Ward By ballot. J. P. O.
Lownsdale, S. M. Uilmore and O. P. S.
Plummer.
FLEDGE FOR ALL, WHO WAXT WAR
Writer Indorses Suggestion That They
Oiler Lives and Property.
PORTLAND, June 13. (To the Edi
tor.) War should be the last resort of
civilized nation. The doctrine of force
belongs to the middle ages and to bar
barlans. Questions settled by might of
arms ' leave lasting bitterness ..behind,
and the nation that lives by the sword
must ultimately perish by the sword.
Napoleon's unnatural empire created by
his military power crumbled In a few
years. Nearly, If not all, difficulties that
draw countries into the catastrophe of
war could be settled far better by rea
son. This does not mean that because we
believe stealing to be wrong we should
leave our treasures unlocked and un
guarded; it means that 'while using
foresight and intelligence in providing
for self-defense we should educate our
children to stand for peace, and do
everything honorable within our power,
which is a great deal, to prevent war.
We have an idea that many of those
who clamor most loudly for a fight
with Mexico or Germany would be the
last to go if war came. As has been
suggested, all these persons should send
the President a pledge that in case of
conflict they will at once enlist and go
to the front, and that they are willing
to give all their property and family if
necessary In the prosecution of the war.
Perhaps some of the manufacturers of
arms, ammunition and military sup
plies, or with other business Interests
that would be benefited by such inter
vention, would jump at such a chance.
The rulers and statesmen in Europe
who started this world calamity keep
their valuable heads out of danger; men
who have no personal Interest in th
fight must endure the suffering and loss.
The United States has nothing to gain
and very much to lose by engaging in
war, not alone in men and property bu
in our position as a peacemaker. There
should be absolutely no hasty action,
Dut cool. Intelligent reasoning and
careful counting of the awful cost be
fore any unalterable step is taken. It
Is believed that President Wilson will
do this. We have, however, some hot
heads in the country.
The Americans who sailed on th
Lusitanta were adventurers and took
their lives In their own hands: They
were warnea ot danger, were under th
British flag, on a ship carrying ammunl
tlon to be used against the Germans,
and we cannot make their loss a jus
pretext lor war; the only fair stan
we can take Is that the whole affai
was an unusually inhuman act of war.
Let Americans stay at home; we do not
need to go to Europe; and if events
occur that stir our wrath let us eus
pend judgment until we have ail th
lacts. HENRY BLOOD.
4 64 Lexington avenue.
Tennis Court Dimensions.
CLOVERDALE. Or.. June 12. fTn th
Editor.) Please answer in the editor
lai columns what is the correct di
mensions of a tennis court, -width
alley, etc. H. KRANER.
The regulation tennis court should
be 78 feet long and 2S feet wide.
is divided across the midde by a net,
the ends of which are attached to two
posts, standing three feet outside of
the court on either side. The height
of the net is three feet six Inches at
the posts and three feet in the mid
dle. At each end -ef the court, paral
lel with the net and 39 feet from It,
are drawn the baselines, the ends of
which are connected by the sidelines.
Halfway between the sidelines and
parallel with them. Is drawn the half
court line, dividing the. space on each
side of the net Into two equal parts,
the right and left courts. On each side
of the net at a distance of 21 feet
from It, and parallel with it, are drawn
the service lines, which necessarily
are IS feet from the - baselines.
Prices Paid for Coins.
PORTLAND. Or., June 13. (To the
Editor.) Is there a premium on 1813
half dollars? No rays from the eagle
and no arrows from date.
H. C. FERGUSON.
The coin is not generally listed as
valuable to collectors-
European War Primer
Br tloal Geographical Society.
The oil fields of Galicia, which have
been alternately in the possession of the
Austrians and the Russians since the
war's outbreak and which are now again
under Austiran control, are among the
most Important petroleum sources of
the world.
These oil fields, situated In the
northern foothills of the Carpathians,
within southern central Galicia. and ly
ing some distanace below and to the
east of the Austrian fortress. Przemysl.
produce about 5 per cent of the world's
total annual output of petroleum, com
ing, thus, fourth on the list of the. most
important sources of this fuel. The
United States leads all countries by a
magnificent margin in the production
of oil. turning out 24,500.000 metric tons .
.. ... . - .
out of the world's total petroleum pro
duction in normal times, of 46.500.0U0
metric tons. The United States, there
fore, has to its credit nearly 61 per
cent of the total output. Thia country
is followed by Russia, Mexico and, then.
Galicia.'
While among the earliest fields to
attract attention in the petroleum in
dustry, coming into prominence as early
as 1S78, the Galician oil fields are only
partially known and developed. These
elds are beyond comparison the richest
oil fields in operation anywhere in Eu
rope, and there are indications that the
future will see an increase rather than
decrease in their working area and
their productivity. The modern pe
troleum industry had its beginning in
the United States, starting, to all prac
tical purposes, about 1859. The drilling
of tbe Galician oil wells soon followed
those of this country. Almost coinci
dent with the birth of the Galician oil
industry was that of the Russian oil
industry at Baku. The enormously rich
Russian wells, yielding about' 20 per
cent of the world's total output, were
opened about 1875.
Dohobycz and Boryslaw are centers
of the Galician oil Industry. The hiurh
plain, southward, to the Carpathian
hills, from Dohobyci to Boryslaw, is
the petroleum region. This district lies
southeastward from the sources of the
River San, in the higher Carpathians,
nd south-southwest of Lemberg. The
annual production of the Galician wells
has been around 2,000,000 metiro tons
year, and the number of wells has
been slowly but steadily increasing. The
growth of this industry has, as in other
places where petroleum resources have
been developed, added largely to the
prosperity of Galicia, a land that some
few generations ago was one of the
most miserably poor to be found in
Europe.
The Dutch East Indies and neighbor
ing Roumania have uncovered oil re
sources sufficient to make a strong com
petition with Galicia for prominence in
the industry during the last few years.
Roumania is sixth upon the list of petroleum-producing
countries, and may
have furnished large stores of this pre
cious fuel to the Germanic allies dur-
ng the occupancy of the Galician oil
region by the Russian invaders.. The
course of the Austrian oil lands is
toward Bukovina and Roumania, in the
line of the Carpathian foothills.
These Galician wells are of special
war importance to the German powers
as being, not only the most important
source of their petroleum supply, but
their only interna, source of any conse
quence of this most necessary fuel. With
these wells under their control, their
stores of oil are large and certain;
without them, the central powers are
forced to turn to uncertain foreign
sources. The enemy nation, Russia, on
tne east, is assured oi an inexhaustible
supply of oil from its native wells at
Baku, whose security the Turks threat
ened up to now in vain. Great Britain
is able to draw upon the wells in the
neutral countries of the world, with
every prospect of safe delivery. Rou
mania remains, practically, the sole for
eign source of oil for Germany and
Austria.
MODERN l".l"ItOPIi .
A world of sham, and the home of woe.
Where men as Christians to blood
feasts go;
Adorned with sword in the name of God,
And the flower of man to trenches plod.
While lords of war in their Impish glee
Ignore the sighs and the mother's plea
To spare tne flower of the human race.
whlcp time alone should from earth
enace;
But kings, as Christians if such there
be).
Will blame their God for the infamy.
The world of lords in their homes of
hate.
Where hell itself they would desecrate.
There babes are torn from their moth
er's breast.
By imps of greed in their hellish quest,
And mothers cry from the gory sod:
"Where is thy justice, O. living God?"
But still the soldier, whose only lot
is that or slave to a war despot.
Boasts, as patriot (if such there is).
That, flag and country with all, are his.
Ah! world of sham, with your homes
or woe:
What of thy Christ and his lov
know?
-ye
Nay! Never his wounds be healed by
tnee
His tears will flow through eternity
He gave to needy! Ye steal their bread
And crown with thorns the laborer's
head.
He dried the tears from the orphan's
lace
Without inquiring what land or race.
Then died for all on a cross of wood.
Lovingly pleading world's brotherhood.
P. K. ENEBO.
TWO PRAYERS.
Mar s huge arm is reaching o'er the sea.
we seem to near the distant battle roar.
watchful Waiting" stamps imna
tiently.
While Devastation lurks without our
door,
Harken to the cries of agony!
The awful sounds that echo from
abroad;
Walling cries that ring incessantly;
Hunger, sickness, carnage, death Oh,
God.
Give us war.
Sunshine gleams from our peaceful
shore.
Our crops are gently pushing through
the earth.
Budding fruit ne'er looked so good
before.
Nor did our grazing stock e'er show
i more worth.
Children laugh and chirrup at their
play.
Our fathers, brown and stalwart, plow
the sod.
Mother sings her cheerful little lay
And all is comfort, Joy and love Oh,
God,
Give us Peace.
'GENE RYLEY.
Salem, Or.
Letter Is Amusing.
PORTLAND, June 13. (To the Edi
tor.) It is amusing for one to read
the letter which appeared in The Ore
gonian from "Observer" under the
heading, "Murdering the King's Eng
lish" and to reflect on what the Amer
ican Ambassador to Great Britain
said in a speech at a dinner in Lon
don a year and a half ago, when he
said to his English audience, "we
speak better English than you do, and
more of It," and then to remember the
editorial that soon thereafter appeared
in The Oregonian upholding Mr.
Page's statement.
Is the English of which "Observer"
gives many examples the kind of Eng
lish that is betetr than that which the
English people Fpeak? If so then, God
help the English people.
( ANOTHER OBSERVER,
Twenty-Five Years Ago
From The Oregonian of June 14. 1890.
Washington Senator Dolph yes
terday introduced a bill appropriating
3200.000 for a branch of 'the Soldiers'
Home at some point in Oregon. Sen
ator Dolph maintains the Pacific
Northwest is entitled to one ot the
homes if another is decided on.
Berlin A tremendous sensation
has been caused here by the arrest of
Joseph Jonasjson,, of the firm of Meyer.
Jonasson & Co.. of New York, on a
charge of libeling Emperor William.
Jonasson and his companions met some
students and In the course of the con
versation made some objectionable ob
servation, it was alleged. He was
thrown into jail. Further investiga
tion revealed the students were drunk
and that Jonasson had tried to smooth
matters over. ie has received many
messages of sympathy. Mr. Jonasson
WA knFn In Cam t.nfll.An 0-7
was born in San Francisco; he is
years old and is first Lieutenant in
the Twelfth Regiment. New York State
National Guard.
W. W. Cardwell, who has been elected
joint Representative of Grant and Har
ney Counties, was a graduate of the
State University in 1SS4.
To meet the demands. The Ore
gonian has recently added an engrav
ing department to the working force
of the paper. The services of Mr. E.
Fellows, an artist of large experi
ence, have been permanently retained
by the management, and in the future
advertisers will be enabled to have
all cuts intended for use in The Ore
gonian engraved in this office.
There is considerable ' complaint
made by Portland police because con
ductors on the cable and electric lines
use whistles for stopping and start
ing cars. The whistles sound Just like
those used by the police, who are
obliged to make many needless runs
in consequence, especially at night.
E. M. Rands, of Oregon City, writes
The Oregonian that h3 has a genuine
American eagle, alive and flourish
ing, which he is willing to donate to
the Portland City Park if it is wanted.
The annual excursion of the Ushers'
Society of Taylor-Street M. E. Church
Wednesday evening was a very pleas
ant affair. Those in the party were:
Misses Parmenter. Staver. Ftnley, Bunt
ing, Frlsbee, Bibblns, McBrlde, Ollle
McBride, Prehn, Armstrong, Cusick,
Gibbs, Works; Messrs. M. L. Conant,
M. W. Goddard. Samuel Connell, Mor
ton Insley, Ford A. Carpenter. A. M.
Smith. Jr.. T. E. Bibbins, A. K. Bell.
E. C. Goddard, A. C. Keinath, George
W. Caldwell.
An interesting letter has recently
been received by Mrs. C. A. Coburn
from her daughter, Mrs. Kate C Sell
wood, who is tn Toklo, Japan. Mrs.
Sellwood described a Japanese concert,
among other things, in a most enter
taining way.
Two farmers with an outfit consist
ing of a pair, of white oxen and a
well-worn wagon, loaded with a coop
of chickens and a keg of eggs, drifted
along down First street yesterday. The
near ox was led by a rope tied around
his broad horns and the patient animals
seemed to find the Belgian blocks pain
ful to their unshod feet, and the num
ber of vehicles and people rather an
noying. When near Alder street they
had to turn out for one of the bobtail
cars, and a second later were brought
to a stop by a cable car, which, t with
its gong ringing, hurried, up Alder, and
before they could make a move an
other car with much clangor glided
down the street. By this time several
hacks, two hotel coaches and a lot
of other vehicles were collected about
the ox team and the driver stood, with
his whip, made of a leather strap,
poised in the air while he looked
around in uncertainty as to which
course he should take to extricate
himself. The outfit seemed out of
place on the crowded street; a bit of
the days of '4 9 dropped down among
the rush of 1830.
GLORIOUS OPPORTUNITY IS GONE
Bryan Reelected Chance to Write Im
mortal Fags In Ills Career.
PORTLAND, June 13. (To the Edi
tor.) When ex-Secretary Bryan ac
cepted the highest portfolio within the
gift of the President he gave tacit as
surance that he would be a statesman
among statesmen, and that in any
crisis in National affairs he would not
shrink from any duty. In such position
a man who will serve himself before
he serves his country is not worthy of
the high privilege of public service.
Yet at the first appearance of strug
gle between the United States and an
other world power, lie places his pri
vate conscience before public duty.
No one can reasonably object to Mr.
Bryan's entertaining personal views on
world peace at variance with the
methods in vogue; but when he makes
his conscience the absolute guide of
his conduct when, momentous National
issues are at stake he errs most griev
ously. Conscience is a mighty flex
ible thing, largely an individual crea
tion, as easily wrong as right. Christ
was crucified "for conscience' sake";
witches were hung In old Salem "for
conscience' sake"; the fiendish tortures
of the Spanish Inquisition were in
flicted "for conscience' sake." And
now Mr. Bryan '"for conscience' sake"
deserts his duty upon a supreme oc
casion, an occasion when one would
have made any sacrifice for the mere
privilege of upholding President Wil
son's hands.
If Bryan had frankly said. "While
I am not in accord with the course it is
determined to pursue, yet. my country
right or wrong, and I will sign with
my blood," he would have written one
Immortal page In his history. He will
never have so glorious an opportunity
again. It Is heroic to suffer "for con
science' sake" when the suffering is
your own; but a greater thing to cru
cify your conscience when your coun
try Is at stake.
Mr. Bryan's statement Justifying his
act is pitifully weak mere school-boy
declamation, the laughing-stock of dip
lomatic circles throughout the world.
If he alone suffered. It would be shame
ful enough, but th.e sneer reflects also
upon the Nation. He has added lus
tre to "shirt-sleeve diplomacy."
C. H. SHOLES.
Fate Kind to Tourist.
PORTLAND. June 13. (To the Ed
itor.) What a magnificent reception
and display Portland gave the "Strang
er within her gates." Fate certainly
favored us, for we were delayed three
days getting here and arrived Wednes
day morning. JAMES KIDSTON.
Chicago.
Told in Few Words
An advertising expert summing
up the advantages of newspaper
advertising said:
"Newspaper advertising covers
either the local field or the entire
country.
"Newspaper advertising makes
possible local co-operation.
"Newspaper advertising is placed
in juxtaposition daily with events
of city, state, country and world
wide interest.
"Newspaper advertising offers the
greatest economy of advertising
space.
"Newspaper advertising Is the
only up-to-the-minute advertising
and, finally
"Newspaper advertising is car
ried into all the homes of all the
people, all of the time."