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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (June 14, 1915)
6 THE 3IORXI'G OREGONIAN. MONDAY. JUNE 14. 1915. PORTLAND. OEEGO.V. Entered at Portland. Oregon, Poatofflce as Kcond-clui matter. Subscription Hate Invariably In advance: (By Mall.) Dally. Sunday Included, one year . Iraily. .Sunday Included, six months . XJaily. Sunday Included, three months Dally, Sunday included, one month . Daily, wlthou: Sunday, one year Dally, without Sunday, six months . . Dally, without Sunday, three months Dally, without Sunday, one month VeeKly, one year .18.00 . 4.21 . Z.XZ '. .73 . 6.00 y 1 .... 1. .8U 1.0O 2.50 fcunday, one year fiuDtlay and Weekly, one year 3.50 (By Carrier.) Dally. Sunday included, one year ....... .00 Dally, Sunday included, one month How to Keznit Send Postotrice money oro r. express order or personal check on yourf local Lank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postoffice addressin full, including ounty and state. Fnotaee Bates 12 to 16 pages. 1 cent; IS to pages. 2 cents; 34 to 48 pages, a cents; 60 to pages, 4 cents; 62 to 7 pages, 5 cents; 7H to M2 pages, S cents. Foreign post. ?e, double rates. Eastern BnRiaea Office Veree- & Conklln. TCew York, Brunswick building; Chicago, istenger building. PORTLAND, MONDAY, JUKE 14, 1915. - - A QUESTIOJf OF AM.MUMTION. Recent events in the war both In the ast and west of Europe show the close relation between success and the sup ply cf artillery ammunition. There seems to have been a lack of co-ordination between the allies" operations on the two main battle points which can be most plausibly explained, by their lack or sufficient ammunition to begin and continue a vigorous offensive from both directions. Progress of Russia In destroying Austria as an Important factor In the war required co-operation by all her allies. Conquest of the .Carpathians (without disaster on other parts of her long battle line demanded that Ger jnan and Austrian troops be kept so fully occupied in other quarters that mo reinforcements could be sent to the Carpathian front without risk of de feat at some other equally Important point. It also demanded an Increasing flow of artillery and ammuntion Jo the Russian front. Russia might then have been able to force her way through the mountains Into Hungary, to clear Bukowina and Transylvania of Austrian troops and then to swing her Capathian line around to form a continuation southward of the line which extended from the Baltic to the Carpathians. But the French and British confined their efforts In the west to attacks on relatively small sections of the German line. Germany was able to transfer a force roughly estimated at 600, 000 men to western Galicia and to make a diversion by invading Cour land, occupying Libau and threaten ing Riga and the main line of com munication between Petrograd and "Warsaw. An immense force, with over whelming heavy artillery and abundant ammunition, was massed by Germany and Austria west of the Dunajee River. This fact was announced in London newspapers, but no adequate measures were taken to meet the threatened attack. Russia was too deeply entangled in the mountains and lacked artillery ammunition. The British had landed 600,000 ad ditional troops in France a short time previous to this Teuton concentration In Galicia. The French had called the "1915 recruits to the colors. Lord Kitchener had announced that the war would begin in May, causing the in ference to be drawn that his new army would be ready for service in that month. Tet no attack was made on the Germans in the west on any such scale as that which they launched at the Russians in the East. Russia suffered one of the mosf'disastrous defeats of the war, and is now clinging stubbornly to. th,e last corner of Aus trian territory. According to recent reports, Germany now. feels safe in sending 500,000 troops to the west, thus balancing the same number of British who are still held In leash. The opportunity to break a weakened line, which was offered to the British and French by the Gallcian concen tration, has been lost. When the allies do attack they will face an army strengthened by victorious troops. The outcry in Britain about the scarcity of ammunition, which was one of the main causes for forming a coalition Cabinet and for devoting to production of munitions the driving force of Lloyd George, explains this weakness in the allied plan of cam paign. Kitchener's army was not sent to the front because it lacked ma terial wherewith to fight. The Rus sians were driven back for the same reason. Great as would be the moral and strategic effect of forcing the Iiardanelles it would not aid Russia materially to obtain ammunition from her allies, when they have not enough for their own armies. She now receives her supplies at Arch angel, which was frozen when the last series of Galician battles began. Vladivostok was then open, but Japan stopped shipments to Rus sia just at the time when they were most sorely needed, for Japanese rela tions with China had reached a crisis In which she might need them herself. Russia could import supplies from the United States and Canada, but at great cost and with many delays In the Journey half way around the world. Success for the allies depends, on their ability to produce enough arms and ammunition to supply their armies continuously. Russia has an unlimited supply of men, but lacks facilities for making cannon, rifles, shells and" cartridges for them. In order to make these men available, the allies should be able to make up this deficiency. They must increase their production enormously if they are to do so. France is organized to a man and to a woman for the war. Britain has only just set about doing so, though the war is nearly a year old. Time is required to develop in green men skill at making shells and explosives, but the training will need to be pushed in order to Increase the forces in the factories quickly enough to meet the occasion. Lloyd George is exhorting workmen to cast off union restrictions and hints plainly at force in the shape of con scription if they do not comply. Should he succeed and should victory follow, he will share the glory with Kitchener. Germany and Austria have had the advantage of a large accumulated sup ply of ammunition and of facilities for manufacture of the raw material on hand. The allies have the advantage of the world's supply of both- raw material and finished product, and also of excluding outside supplies from the enemy's country. If the allies can Increase their output to equal their needs, while the enemy, is exhausting his supply and Is unable to renew it, their chances of final success will be bright. The winner in this war will be the party which can accumulate enough, explosive to blast a way through to the heart of the other party's country. OrR ACHIEVEMENT. It is a cause for pride, that Port land, year after year, can present a Rose Festival conspicuous for- real worth and large attendance. This year obstacles were surmounted as If they did not exist dull times and unsatis- factory weathpr. The civic and. ln- ... . austnai parade was proDaDiy tne largest pageant ever exhibited in Port land; the vehicle parade excelled previous efforts in beauty and number of entries; the electrical parade was Improved with novelties, and in other respects was as gorgeous as ever. But - - , , perhaps the real marvel of the week "was the Rose Festival Center. It was of surpassing loveliness, a place where the throng could go and drink in beauty and pleasing odors. In peace and quiet, , It is maybe we do not yet realize the full value of the Rose Festival. Its worth is not altogether in the advertisement It gives the city, the trade it brings to Portland or the spirit of co-operation it engenders. It stimulates the love of civic beauty: it Inspires rich and poor to cultivate the floral bounties of a beneficent soil and climate. Rose gTowing has be come a hobby and It is a good hobby to possess. Instead of petty bicker ings, idle gossip and the overworked weather we talk of scented blossoms and how best to grow them. Neigh borhood rivalries are over who can best grace his yard with color and fragrance. Dull cares are buried deep in the garden loam and we gain health and happiness from work in the open air. The Rose Festival Is an annual achievement which lasts a moment but Its spirit and influence pervade the entire year. It is too valuable an as set to think of surrendertng.- r i err re of the lumber txdttstry. In addressing the Forest Club of the University of Washington, J. J. Donovan drew a sadl? true picture of the condition to which the lumber industry has been reduced. - No man in the Pacific Northwest is better qualified to speak on this subject, for Mr. Donovan has been for many years one of the chief workers In the de velopment of the lumber Industry around Belllngham. He does- not al low the students of forestry to go out to work under any illusions as to the conditions of their chosen vocation. Lumber, he says, is selling at prices at "which profit is Impossible. Wages have been cut and must be cut again or mills must close until prices rise. Manufacturers are forbidden to com bine, but unions are exempt from "that prohibition, so he says, though we do not understand the Clayton law to go so far. Competition is enforced! not only between domestic manufactur ers, but by means of free trade be tween domestic and Canadian manu facturers, though a Canadian tariff bars our lumber from the prairie provinces. We build a canal to "de velop our commerce and then charge tolls to our own ships for using it and measure them so that they must pay 20 per cent more than foreign vessels. It costs an American ship $1000 more to carry lumber to the Atlantic Coast than it costs a foreign ship carrying Canadian lumber. Mr. Donovan condemns the La Fol lette law, and seems to advocate subsidies as a means of restoring our merchant marine. The Oregonian adheres to its opposition to imprison ment of seamen for desertion, to Its support of the safety provisions of the -seamen's law and to Its opposi tion to subsidies, but is more and more inclined to believe that regula tion of the shipping business should be a matter of international agree ment as to treatment of seamen and provision for safety. It does not seem practicable for this Nation, doing onjy a small fraction of the world's carry ing trade, to dictate terms to all other nations. The restoration of our merchant marine can be effected bet ter by cutting the shackles imposed by our own laws than by subsidies. THE SAXEST OF ALL FOURTHS. The approaching Independence Day celebration will have a peculiar sig nificance, because the loyalty of our foreign-born citizens is being put to a severe test. They see their respective native countries engaged in a life and death struggle, and quite naturally each passionately desires the success of his own home land. This desire springs from worthy sentiments, but it may lead to words and conduct which constitute disloyalty to the United States. Former subjects of each belligerent country may be tempted to serve that country's cause by endeavoring to align this country with it in the war or to influence the policy of this country to its own Injury- with the same end In view. Were the foreign-born citizens to yield generally to this temptation, the United States would be torn with dis sension among its various racial ele ments. It would appear to be not a nation but an aggregation of foreign colonies which had for merely tem porary convenience organized a gov ernment. The time demands that all foreign-born citizens be reminded of the oath they took when naturalized and that all who are now or here after naturalized should be impressed with the solemnity and significance of that oath. Each man renounced al legiance to the country of his birth and swore allegiance to the United States, the country of his adoption. If he would be true to this oath he must place the United States above all and must think and act at all times as an American. This thought has prompted Freder ick C. Howe, commissioner of immi gration at Ellis Island, N. T., to sug gest to the mayors of American cities that at forthcoming celebrations of the Fourth of July they follow out the idea adopted at Cleveland last year. The names and addresses of aliens admitted to citizenship during the pre ceding year were secured and they were invited to a citizenship reception, presented with the American flag, and seated on a platform decorated with the flags of all nations. National airs were sung, addresses made by native and foreign-born citizens, and the pledge of allegiance was recited in unison. The idea has been extended to apply to all foreign-born citizens and to the promotion of naturalization among those who remain legally aliens. Of about 7.000.000 foreign-born males who are old enough to vote, less than half have become citizens, and It Is proposed to mobolize and assimilate this alien material. The movement has been taken up favorably by about fifty cities, with New York at the head, by chambers of commerce, emp.oyers of labor and newspapers printed in foreign languages. The Immigrants in Ameri ca Review has offered prizes for the best two papers on "What America I -iieans ana iiow to Americanize tne Immigrant. A National committee composed of distinguished men and women has undertaken general direc tion of the movement. "We have been congratulating our selves for several years on the sane Fourth of July. The sanest observance of the day is to make the Immigrants Americans in spirit as well as In form by impressing upon them what it means to be an American. Not until men think as Americans and follow up their thought in action are they truly Americans. SCANDAL AT AVNAPOLI3. Revelations of cheating at examin ations by midshipmen at the Annapolis Naval Academy will form a painful impression on public opinion. In the Navy, as in. the Army, the phrase "an officer and a gentleman" is current and is taken to mean that the man to whom It is applied is incapable of cheating in any manner. It now ap pears that cheating has been the cus tom at Annapolis for years. Men are being appointed to responsible posi tions on board ship who have a low standard of honor and who have not stood a fair test of their mental quali fications. These men have defrauded their country Just as seriously as did the contractor who a few years ago delivered armor plate full of. blow holes to the Navy. The money which the Nation has spent on their educa tion has been wasted. The guilty students have not only failed to "de liver the goods' but have proved to be bad raw material. There must be something wrong about the government of the academy or the midshipmen would not be dis posed to such wholesale and habitual cribbing" and any few who practiced it would be promptly detected , and punished,. One cause of the' rresent humiliating condition may be that 'dis cipline over the three junior classes is entrusted to the first class, which provokes subterfuge by unreasonable rules better adapted to a girl's board ing school. A young man takes a pride in violating an absura restriction or nis liberty, such as a prohibition of smok ing. Tricks which he has learned as a "plebe" he will practice as a first class man. If the midshipmen .are treated as men they will be apt to feel that they are "on their honor" and to act as men. Political meddling and favoritism has been a curse to Annapolis. It en courages the students to rely on pull rather than merit. It directly incites to breach of rules, for the man with pull believes that rules are made only for those who have no. pull. This influence has cropped out at the pre sent investigation, for - Secretary Daniels has been urged by letter and telegram Jo cause the release of the seven midshipmen who have been placed under arrest. The academy, in order to supply the Navy with the right kind of officers, should be, kept en tirely clear of politics. THE In ORIGIN AD CONSERVATIONISTS. a speech at the recent open river banquet at Pasco, ex-Governor Miles C. Moore, of Washington, very appropriately reminded his hearers of the close resemblance between the policy of the conservationists who have locked up the resources of the West and the policy of the Hudson's Bay Company when it ruled over the Northwest. He contrasted the mo tives of the American settlers, who "were paving the way for a future civilization," with those of the fur traders, who "were Interested solely in the fur trade and the profits to be derived therefrom" and who "discour aged and obstructed settlement." He continued, speaking of the fur trad ers: Durins; the 240 years of their dominion, in all thrvt vast region granted to Prince Rupert, they built no cities; dug no canals; developed no water power; built no rail roads or telegraph lines; farmed no con siderable tracts of land; discouraged avery where individual effort and Initiative. In short they were conservationists of the strictest sect. In order to remove this ban to progress the Canadian government bought out practically all of the Hud son's Bay Company's holdings in the west of the Dominion. After the American settlers had secured Oregon for the Union and after the United States Government had clinched the claim and removed the barrier, the conservationists restored it. They have placed upon 60 per cent of the area of Oregon an embargo as com plete as that imposed by the Hud son's Bay Company. They have ar rested the march of progress and in this reserved area have set it back nearly a century. They refuse to per mit the people to develop the country unless the states submit to usurpa tion and to a species of tutelage. This holdup would have provoked rebellion among a less law-abiding community. PHARISAICAL, PEACE TALK. There has arisen of late years a new breed of Pharisee which advo cates peace at any price and which refuses to discriminate between out right militarists and those sincere advocates of peace who propose armament for defense of the Nation against aggression. In their eyes they alone love peace and all others are militarists. These Pharisees con ceal under the guise of a love of peace what is really a love of ease at any price. Their Idea is not a nation strong and independent, respecting itself equally with its neighbors; it appears to be a nation which will en dure any wrong or any Indignity rather than arouse Itself from luxury and from its pseudo-humanitarian dreams to fight. There are two types of peace ad vocates. One is the type we have de scribed, whose patriotism has been thinned cut into a watery cosmopoli tanism and whose professed love for mankind forms an apology for not loving one's country well enough to fight for it. The other type love peace no less fervently, but it reject peace with Ignominy and bondage and will fight for peace under which each nation can live its own life in its own way, secure within its own borders, and under which each nation's citi zens can travel the world in safety. relying upon their country to right their wrong3. This latter type ar dently desires that fighting among nations be done away with and that armies and navies become merely the instruments through which a world court shall administer International justice. Because these true lovers of peace keep their eyes open to present conditions and refuse to leave their country unarmed for defense amid warring world, they are branded as militarists and are confounded with those who arm for aggression and conquest. If the estimate of these lovers of I peace worth having made by tn champions of peace- at any price b correct, then all the great men wh labored and the great and lowly who fought and died to win liberty for tneir country laoorea ana aiea in vain; the man who gave his life and the woman who gave her husband, son or brother were deluded fools. The builders and preservers of our republic would fall into this class Washington, Jefferson, Franklin, Per ry, Jackson, Lincoln, Grant, Sherman. So also would the patriot heroes of every nation Leonidas 'and his 300 Spartans, Horatius of the bridge, Wal lace, Tell, Hampden, Lafayette, Mira beau, Moreau, Hugo, Gambetta, Em met, Cavour, Garibaldi an innumer able company whose deeds and words have been the inspiration to the youth of every' age. This derision of great men and their deeds springs from an Inverted humanitariamsm which refuses to set against the cost of war In blood, suf fering and treasure the . blessings which have been -won by righteous wars .for delivery of nations from alien conquerors and domestic tyrants. It sees only the dead on -the battle field, the maimed, mutilated, blind and insarfe who have returned, the women who weep for the lost, ,the ruined cities and farms- It does not see the vigorous, free, independent, progressive, enlightened nations which have been built on the foundation of those dead, cemented by their blood and by the tears of their women. It does not see what might have been had those wars never been fought, had the warriors preferred their ease to the strenuous exertion and the risks of war lands sunk under feudal oppression, ravaged by alternate con querors, their people a prey to the greed and lust .of tyrants, ignorance everywhere, industry, enterprise and learning stifled. Let our peace-at-any- price advocates read Youngs descrip tion of France before the revolution and then Judge if the ending of such condition -as not worth all of the awful price which France paid. Even a nation defeated in a just war is better off than had it tamely submitted to Wrong. Never was a more heroic but hopeless fight made than that of Denmark against two great monarchies in 1S64. Though Denmark lost, she can hold up her head among the nations, and the spirit .which moved her to fight has - moved her to become a beacon of progress and enlightenment. Had she yielded, she would have pro claimed herself so spiritless that she would have earned the contempt of herself as well as all other nations nd might have been so humbled as to lack rhe energy to rise again within er restricted borders. Even poor. prostrate, ravished Belgium will prove to have profited in the end by having fought, for her example has proved an inspiration not only to her allies but to the whole civilized world. By fighting she has established a claim to restoration, which no nation except her enemies thinks of denying and by her indomitable spirit she has given a pledge that, she would well use the liberty for which she fought. Even the Indian has proved his fitness for citizenship by resisting the encroach ments of the white man, for now he can meet the white man face to face and look him- in the eye as man to man, not as dog to man. In a cause which one believes to be good, it is better to have fought and lost than never to have fought at all. The sort of one-eyed squeamlshnesa which causes men to oppose war for any cause is displayed in other di rections. It shrinks from executing the murderer, having no pity for the murderer's victim and forgetting the higher claims of the community to safety from Its bloodthirsty members. It condemns vivisection, being unwill ing that one dog should die In order that many men may live. It Is hu- manitarianism perverted into enmity to the real interests of the human race. The Bend Press Is the name of a brisk little weekly paper Just started in' that Crook County town by Short & MacVeagh, the editor being Charles J5. Short, a well-known Oregonian with ability to make the paper live up to the standards of the town. Crook County Is becoming noted for the num ber of its newspapers, and the Press is not the least in quality. "Any port In a storm" was the motto of the cherrypicker at The Dalles, who could not work while the wind blew. A heartless judge gave him five days of calm and serenity. That Los Angeles widower finds re marriage an easy way to .comply with the requirements of his grandfather's bequest of $18,000. Seldom does widower need a bonus. The hamlet, town, or city that cele brates the Fourth is a live burg. You will have to excuse Portland, however, while she Is in the convalescent stage. By-ran cannot afford to accept the offer of the circus man of $15,000 for twelve weeks. The cartoonists would make a monkey of him next year. Baseball traditions are going to smash this year with McGraw and Connie Mack rattling around the bot tom of the table. "Unwritten law" saved the man who killed his employer at Olympla and the couple fell Into each other's arms and- made up. By the time Russia and Austria have each taken Przemysl once more, they will both be ready to hand it over to the Junkman. Oregon horticulture won against the world by simply showing what we have, not by lavish expenditure of money. The black cat on the derelict ship In the South Pacific deserves to be res cued by the Hoo Hoo and made their mascot. There is no danger that the tribe of Rockefeller will die out. John D., Jr., is now the father df six. Being wounded in battle is the only way many a Frenchman could get Into those swell Paris hotels. Carranza professes to be "the whole thing" in Mexico. Then why does he not let the people eat? The Democratic party cannot steal Republican thunder by putting a duty on wool. The Pioneers will be here in ten days, so get ready for them. They are passing. Let the Stars and Stripes fly In the breeze today. This is not good corn weather, but it is great for potatoes. Ha.lf a Century Ago From The Oregonian, June 1S.1S85. Church & Clark, 407 Front street. San Francisco, are advertising an elaborate supply of fireworks and ex plosives for tle July Fourth celebra tion. Among the things listed are floral shells, serpent mines, bengolas. rattan bombs and double headers. M. A. King, the assayer, has assumed the entire management of the office until lately Tracey & King, in the Wells Fargo Building. V Madame Ve Conte, the fortune-teller, who claims to have foretold so suc cessfully tbe fate and fortune of Na poleon, is croerating at 27, Washington street. The consultation fee is T5 and she is doing a good business. A new building is in process of erec tion at Forest Grove, the place where the Pacific -University is located. This building will supply in part the grow in s wants of the institution. W learn I that it is in comtemplation to erect a large and substantial college struc ture as soon as arrangements now ; making for that purpose are com pleted. New York. The Tribune's Washing ton dispatch says: Colonel W. H. Tay lor, General Lee's Adjutant-General; W J Moore and about 50 Confederate soldiers at present residing at Norfolk, Va, were summoned to appear before United States District Court with a view to testifying against R. E. Lee and other prominent officials on the charge of treason. Colonel Sanderson, author of the Florida Secession Ordinance, has gone into Jacksonville to pay his taxes, says dispatch from the South. Alabama patriots are circulating petitions to President Johnson begging that that state be admitted to the Union again. Congressman Harris, of Maryland, has been sentenced to three years' imprisonment for persuading rebels in i-.ee s Army not to take the oath or al legiance to the Union. The London Daily News remarks: "If Johnson intended to Rive France cause to declare war, he would not how be disbanding armies and recalling ships. The throne of Maxmillian may be en dangered. by. the help of which Juarez may get from the American people in ways which will give Napoleon no right to remonstrate with Johnson. Daniel H. Ferguson, well known in Oregon and Washington, has written letter to Colonel J. S. Ruckle, from Colville, Washington Territory, in which he comments on the mining out look and prospects in the Upper Colum bia country. He says big develop ments will follow, as do Henry La- fleur and Henry Kerns, who have just returned from that district. The qualified electors of the city met in their several precincts and nom inated for Councilmen the following: First Ward By acclamation. John McCracken, A. M. Starr and P. C. Schuyler, Jr. " Second Ward By ballot, E. S. Mor gan, A. Rosenheim and x-. A. Clark. Third Ward By ballot. J. P. O. Lownsdale, S. M. Uilmore and O. P. S. Plummer. FLEDGE FOR ALL, WHO WAXT WAR Writer Indorses Suggestion That They Oiler Lives and Property. PORTLAND, June 13. (To the Edi tor.) War should be the last resort of civilized nation. The doctrine of force belongs to the middle ages and to bar barlans. Questions settled by might of arms ' leave lasting bitterness ..behind, and the nation that lives by the sword must ultimately perish by the sword. Napoleon's unnatural empire created by his military power crumbled In a few years. Nearly, If not all, difficulties that draw countries into the catastrophe of war could be settled far better by rea son. This does not mean that because we believe stealing to be wrong we should leave our treasures unlocked and un guarded; it means that 'while using foresight and intelligence in providing for self-defense we should educate our children to stand for peace, and do everything honorable within our power, which is a great deal, to prevent war. We have an idea that many of those who clamor most loudly for a fight with Mexico or Germany would be the last to go if war came. As has been suggested, all these persons should send the President a pledge that in case of conflict they will at once enlist and go to the front, and that they are willing to give all their property and family if necessary In the prosecution of the war. Perhaps some of the manufacturers of arms, ammunition and military sup plies, or with other business Interests that would be benefited by such inter vention, would jump at such a chance. The rulers and statesmen in Europe who started this world calamity keep their valuable heads out of danger; men who have no personal Interest in th fight must endure the suffering and loss. The United States has nothing to gain and very much to lose by engaging in war, not alone in men and property bu in our position as a peacemaker. There should be absolutely no hasty action, Dut cool. Intelligent reasoning and careful counting of the awful cost be fore any unalterable step is taken. It Is believed that President Wilson will do this. We have, however, some hot heads in the country. The Americans who sailed on th Lusitanta were adventurers and took their lives In their own hands: They were warnea ot danger, were under th British flag, on a ship carrying ammunl tlon to be used against the Germans, and we cannot make their loss a jus pretext lor war; the only fair stan we can take Is that the whole affai was an unusually inhuman act of war. Let Americans stay at home; we do not need to go to Europe; and if events occur that stir our wrath let us eus pend judgment until we have ail th lacts. HENRY BLOOD. 4 64 Lexington avenue. Tennis Court Dimensions. CLOVERDALE. Or.. June 12. fTn th Editor.) Please answer in the editor lai columns what is the correct di mensions of a tennis court, -width alley, etc. H. KRANER. The regulation tennis court should be 78 feet long and 2S feet wide. is divided across the midde by a net, the ends of which are attached to two posts, standing three feet outside of the court on either side. The height of the net is three feet six Inches at the posts and three feet in the mid dle. At each end -ef the court, paral lel with the net and 39 feet from It, are drawn the baselines, the ends of which are connected by the sidelines. Halfway between the sidelines and parallel with them. Is drawn the half court line, dividing the. space on each side of the net Into two equal parts, the right and left courts. On each side of the net at a distance of 21 feet from It, and parallel with it, are drawn the service lines, which necessarily are IS feet from the - baselines. Prices Paid for Coins. PORTLAND. Or., June 13. (To the Editor.) Is there a premium on 1813 half dollars? No rays from the eagle and no arrows from date. H. C. FERGUSON. The coin is not generally listed as valuable to collectors- European War Primer Br tloal Geographical Society. The oil fields of Galicia, which have been alternately in the possession of the Austrians and the Russians since the war's outbreak and which are now again under Austiran control, are among the most Important petroleum sources of the world. These oil fields, situated In the northern foothills of the Carpathians, within southern central Galicia. and ly ing some distanace below and to the east of the Austrian fortress. Przemysl. produce about 5 per cent of the world's total annual output of petroleum, com ing, thus, fourth on the list of the. most important sources of this fuel. The United States leads all countries by a magnificent margin in the production of oil. turning out 24,500.000 metric tons . .. ... . - . out of the world's total petroleum pro duction in normal times, of 46.500.0U0 metric tons. The United States, there fore, has to its credit nearly 61 per cent of the total output. Thia country is followed by Russia, Mexico and, then. Galicia.' While among the earliest fields to attract attention in the petroleum in dustry, coming into prominence as early as 1S78, the Galician oil fields are only partially known and developed. These elds are beyond comparison the richest oil fields in operation anywhere in Eu rope, and there are indications that the future will see an increase rather than decrease in their working area and their productivity. The modern pe troleum industry had its beginning in the United States, starting, to all prac tical purposes, about 1859. The drilling of tbe Galician oil wells soon followed those of this country. Almost coinci dent with the birth of the Galician oil industry was that of the Russian oil industry at Baku. The enormously rich Russian wells, yielding about' 20 per cent of the world's total output, were opened about 1875. Dohobycz and Boryslaw are centers of the Galician oil Industry. The hiurh plain, southward, to the Carpathian hills, from Dohobyci to Boryslaw, is the petroleum region. This district lies southeastward from the sources of the River San, in the higher Carpathians, nd south-southwest of Lemberg. The annual production of the Galician wells has been around 2,000,000 metiro tons year, and the number of wells has been slowly but steadily increasing. The growth of this industry has, as in other places where petroleum resources have been developed, added largely to the prosperity of Galicia, a land that some few generations ago was one of the most miserably poor to be found in Europe. The Dutch East Indies and neighbor ing Roumania have uncovered oil re sources sufficient to make a strong com petition with Galicia for prominence in the industry during the last few years. Roumania is sixth upon the list of petroleum-producing countries, and may have furnished large stores of this pre cious fuel to the Germanic allies dur- ng the occupancy of the Galician oil region by the Russian invaders.. The course of the Austrian oil lands is toward Bukovina and Roumania, in the line of the Carpathian foothills. These Galician wells are of special war importance to the German powers as being, not only the most important source of their petroleum supply, but their only interna, source of any conse quence of this most necessary fuel. With these wells under their control, their stores of oil are large and certain; without them, the central powers are forced to turn to uncertain foreign sources. The enemy nation, Russia, on tne east, is assured oi an inexhaustible supply of oil from its native wells at Baku, whose security the Turks threat ened up to now in vain. Great Britain is able to draw upon the wells in the neutral countries of the world, with every prospect of safe delivery. Rou mania remains, practically, the sole for eign source of oil for Germany and Austria. MODERN l".l"ItOPIi . A world of sham, and the home of woe. Where men as Christians to blood feasts go; Adorned with sword in the name of God, And the flower of man to trenches plod. While lords of war in their Impish glee Ignore the sighs and the mother's plea To spare tne flower of the human race. whlcp time alone should from earth enace; But kings, as Christians if such there be). Will blame their God for the infamy. The world of lords in their homes of hate. Where hell itself they would desecrate. There babes are torn from their moth er's breast. By imps of greed in their hellish quest, And mothers cry from the gory sod: "Where is thy justice, O. living God?" But still the soldier, whose only lot is that or slave to a war despot. Boasts, as patriot (if such there is). That, flag and country with all, are his. Ah! world of sham, with your homes or woe: What of thy Christ and his lov know? -ye Nay! Never his wounds be healed by tnee His tears will flow through eternity He gave to needy! Ye steal their bread And crown with thorns the laborer's head. He dried the tears from the orphan's lace Without inquiring what land or race. Then died for all on a cross of wood. Lovingly pleading world's brotherhood. P. K. ENEBO. TWO PRAYERS. Mar s huge arm is reaching o'er the sea. we seem to near the distant battle roar. watchful Waiting" stamps imna tiently. While Devastation lurks without our door, Harken to the cries of agony! The awful sounds that echo from abroad; Walling cries that ring incessantly; Hunger, sickness, carnage, death Oh, God. Give us war. Sunshine gleams from our peaceful shore. Our crops are gently pushing through the earth. Budding fruit ne'er looked so good before. Nor did our grazing stock e'er show i more worth. Children laugh and chirrup at their play. Our fathers, brown and stalwart, plow the sod. Mother sings her cheerful little lay And all is comfort, Joy and love Oh, God, Give us Peace. 'GENE RYLEY. Salem, Or. Letter Is Amusing. PORTLAND, June 13. (To the Edi tor.) It is amusing for one to read the letter which appeared in The Ore gonian from "Observer" under the heading, "Murdering the King's Eng lish" and to reflect on what the Amer ican Ambassador to Great Britain said in a speech at a dinner in Lon don a year and a half ago, when he said to his English audience, "we speak better English than you do, and more of It," and then to remember the editorial that soon thereafter appeared in The Oregonian upholding Mr. Page's statement. Is the English of which "Observer" gives many examples the kind of Eng lish that is betetr than that which the English people Fpeak? If so then, God help the English people. ( ANOTHER OBSERVER, Twenty-Five Years Ago From The Oregonian of June 14. 1890. Washington Senator Dolph yes terday introduced a bill appropriating 3200.000 for a branch of 'the Soldiers' Home at some point in Oregon. Sen ator Dolph maintains the Pacific Northwest is entitled to one ot the homes if another is decided on. Berlin A tremendous sensation has been caused here by the arrest of Joseph Jonasjson,, of the firm of Meyer. Jonasson & Co.. of New York, on a charge of libeling Emperor William. Jonasson and his companions met some students and In the course of the con versation made some objectionable ob servation, it was alleged. He was thrown into jail. Further investiga tion revealed the students were drunk and that Jonasson had tried to smooth matters over. ie has received many messages of sympathy. Mr. Jonasson WA knFn In Cam t.nfll.An 0-7 was born in San Francisco; he is years old and is first Lieutenant in the Twelfth Regiment. New York State National Guard. W. W. Cardwell, who has been elected joint Representative of Grant and Har ney Counties, was a graduate of the State University in 1SS4. To meet the demands. The Ore gonian has recently added an engrav ing department to the working force of the paper. The services of Mr. E. Fellows, an artist of large experi ence, have been permanently retained by the management, and in the future advertisers will be enabled to have all cuts intended for use in The Ore gonian engraved in this office. There is considerable ' complaint made by Portland police because con ductors on the cable and electric lines use whistles for stopping and start ing cars. The whistles sound Just like those used by the police, who are obliged to make many needless runs in consequence, especially at night. E. M. Rands, of Oregon City, writes The Oregonian that h3 has a genuine American eagle, alive and flourish ing, which he is willing to donate to the Portland City Park if it is wanted. The annual excursion of the Ushers' Society of Taylor-Street M. E. Church Wednesday evening was a very pleas ant affair. Those in the party were: Misses Parmenter. Staver. Ftnley, Bunt ing, Frlsbee, Bibblns, McBrlde, Ollle McBride, Prehn, Armstrong, Cusick, Gibbs, Works; Messrs. M. L. Conant, M. W. Goddard. Samuel Connell, Mor ton Insley, Ford A. Carpenter. A. M. Smith. Jr.. T. E. Bibbins, A. K. Bell. E. C. Goddard, A. C. Keinath, George W. Caldwell. An interesting letter has recently been received by Mrs. C. A. Coburn from her daughter, Mrs. Kate C Sell wood, who is tn Toklo, Japan. Mrs. Sellwood described a Japanese concert, among other things, in a most enter taining way. Two farmers with an outfit consist ing of a pair, of white oxen and a well-worn wagon, loaded with a coop of chickens and a keg of eggs, drifted along down First street yesterday. The near ox was led by a rope tied around his broad horns and the patient animals seemed to find the Belgian blocks pain ful to their unshod feet, and the num ber of vehicles and people rather an noying. When near Alder street they had to turn out for one of the bobtail cars, and a second later were brought to a stop by a cable car, which, t with its gong ringing, hurried, up Alder, and before they could make a move an other car with much clangor glided down the street. By this time several hacks, two hotel coaches and a lot of other vehicles were collected about the ox team and the driver stood, with his whip, made of a leather strap, poised in the air while he looked around in uncertainty as to which course he should take to extricate himself. The outfit seemed out of place on the crowded street; a bit of the days of '4 9 dropped down among the rush of 1830. GLORIOUS OPPORTUNITY IS GONE Bryan Reelected Chance to Write Im mortal Fags In Ills Career. PORTLAND, June 13. (To the Edi tor.) When ex-Secretary Bryan ac cepted the highest portfolio within the gift of the President he gave tacit as surance that he would be a statesman among statesmen, and that in any crisis in National affairs he would not shrink from any duty. In such position a man who will serve himself before he serves his country is not worthy of the high privilege of public service. Yet at the first appearance of strug gle between the United States and an other world power, lie places his pri vate conscience before public duty. No one can reasonably object to Mr. Bryan's entertaining personal views on world peace at variance with the methods in vogue; but when he makes his conscience the absolute guide of his conduct when, momentous National issues are at stake he errs most griev ously. Conscience is a mighty flex ible thing, largely an individual crea tion, as easily wrong as right. Christ was crucified "for conscience' sake"; witches were hung In old Salem "for conscience' sake"; the fiendish tortures of the Spanish Inquisition were in flicted "for conscience' sake." And now Mr. Bryan '"for conscience' sake" deserts his duty upon a supreme oc casion, an occasion when one would have made any sacrifice for the mere privilege of upholding President Wil son's hands. If Bryan had frankly said. "While I am not in accord with the course it is determined to pursue, yet. my country right or wrong, and I will sign with my blood," he would have written one Immortal page In his history. He will never have so glorious an opportunity again. It Is heroic to suffer "for con science' sake" when the suffering is your own; but a greater thing to cru cify your conscience when your coun try Is at stake. Mr. Bryan's statement Justifying his act is pitifully weak mere school-boy declamation, the laughing-stock of dip lomatic circles throughout the world. If he alone suffered. It would be shame ful enough, but th.e sneer reflects also upon the Nation. He has added lus tre to "shirt-sleeve diplomacy." C. H. SHOLES. Fate Kind to Tourist. PORTLAND. June 13. (To the Ed itor.) What a magnificent reception and display Portland gave the "Strang er within her gates." Fate certainly favored us, for we were delayed three days getting here and arrived Wednes day morning. JAMES KIDSTON. Chicago. Told in Few Words An advertising expert summing up the advantages of newspaper advertising said: "Newspaper advertising covers either the local field or the entire country. "Newspaper advertising makes possible local co-operation. "Newspaper advertising is placed in juxtaposition daily with events of city, state, country and world wide interest. "Newspaper advertising offers the greatest economy of advertising space. "Newspaper advertising Is the only up-to-the-minute advertising and, finally "Newspaper advertising is car ried into all the homes of all the people, all of the time."