10
TITE MORNING- OREGOSIAX. FRIDAY, .TUXE. 11, 1013.
vtaxmx
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PORTLAND, FRIDAY, JCXB It, 1913.
J BEIAX'S PEACE PROPAGANDA.
Elimination' of Mr. Bryan from the
Cabinet Ja a" parallel to what has hap
pened in other' countries when they
faced a similar crisis. When the" Brit
ish Cabinet was' confronted with the
choice between tamely consenting: to
the invasion of Belgium and war, it
chose war and its-two pacifist mem
bers, Lord Morley and John Burns,
dropped out. When Italy resolved that
the time had come to unite with the
nation the severed remnants of Italian
territory, the people turned on the pro
testing ex-Premier Giolitti and he fled
the country. - -
When a nation .resolves that Its
safety, its honor or its vital interests
demand that it resort to extreme
measures, all who shrink from the
dread arbitrament of war, all who
favor half measures, step into the rear.
The Bryan brand of pacifism attracts
a. certain type of mind and its advo
cacy is tolerated by others in time of
peace, but when an international crisis
calls upon a nation to act as a unit,
the disposition is to silence all ele
ments which breed discord.
Presence In a Cabinet of such men
as Bryan, Morley and Burns is a direct
Incitement to aggression upon the
country ruled by such a Cabinet. This
was proved in the case of Britain. Ger
many knew that Britain was unpre
pared for war on land and was misled
by Sir Edward Grey's strenuous efforts
for peace and by Morley and Burns'
membership in the Cabinet into the
belief that Britain would not fight.
Probably, had Germany known - that
Britain would fight, she would have
Induced Austria to moderate the de
mands on Serbia, to conciliate Rnssia
and to accept Grey's scheme of media
tion. In that case the pacifists' advo
cacy of peace provoked war. ;
The obvious failure of Germany to
understand the gravity of our quarrel
with her was largely due to MP.
Bryan's peace-at-any-price policy. Now
that his adherence to that policy has
caused his retirement, Germany may
realize the situation and agree to
terms under which American honor
can be preserved without war.
FIVW KSSKNTIA l POrNTS.
"Five essential undertakings" for
the Republican party are specified by
the Philadelphia Evening Ledger.
They are interesting as reflecting the
opinion of Eastern Republicans. From
them we can judge to what extent and
on' what points there is a divergence
of opinion between the Republicans of
East and West. The five essential
points are:
First A great Navy commensurate In
Btrenirth with the wealth and standing ol
this Nation anion? other nations.
Second A constructive programme for
the quick rehabilitation of the merchant
marine, by subsidies if need be. and the
strengthening of our trade relations by a
comprehensive consular and trade-expert
service throughout the world, an important
adjunct to which shall be a strong banking
system that will cover the commercial map.
Third A strong foreign policy which will
assure the protection of American citizens
and interests wherever situate.
Fourth a protective tariff, scientifically
constructed, which will assure an American
market for American goods.
Fifth A. definite declaration that success
In business is a worthy, not an unworthy,
achievement; . and that as success in world
trade requires vast resources in capital, the
formation of sufficiently strong corporations
to assure efficiency will not be discouraged,
)ut will be distinctly encouraged by the
United States.
Western Republicans will agree that
a. greater Navy on the lines described
la necessary, but equally necessary is
the provision of an Army commensur
ate with the needs of our National de
fense. We can and should so reorgan
ize our land forces that we shall have
at all times 500,000 trained soldiers in
active army and reserve, amply sup
plied with artillery, ammunition and
all other equipment to take the field
against an invading army; also suf
ficient trained men to defend our
coasts.
. Not only the Pacific Coast, but the
Interior, realizes .the necessity of re
habilitating the merchant marine, but
the sections named are as strongly op
posed as ever to subsidies. The West
is of one mind with the East in its
opposition to Government steamship
lines. Ship&wners, both East and
West, denounce' the seamen's law as
another handicap to our merchant
marine. The war is doing much to re
move the obstacles from our way, for
it has enhanced cost of construction
In Europe to a point even exceeding
that in the United States, and has also
raised cost of operation. Instead of
reviving the subsidy scheme, the Re
publican party would do well to create
a merchant marine commission which
would consider the effects of the war
together with all other influences,
would throw all our shipping laws into
the melting pot and would evolve a
new law under which our merchant
marine could grow healthily, without
artificial stimulants or hampering' reg
ulations. The whole Republican parts- will
unite in support of a' strong foreign
policy on the lines suggested. Such
a policy will require pacification and
then evacuation of Mexico: It will
also require settlement of the dispute
with Colombia' by arbitration. It will
her entirely consistent with our jdln
ing other nations, after the war, in
establishing a world covrrt for settle-
. input of justiciable disputes and in
pledging the aid of the combined might
to enforce its decrees. AVc should
maintain our rights, we should have
sufficient force for that purpose, but
Ave should do all in our power to make
iwar unnerfssfary.
The Nation has certainly had enough
ef a tariff for revenue only whirh pro
duces a deficit both in the National
Treasury and in the people's pockets,
and is ripe for a protective tariff' sei-
. entifically adjusted. The Republican
Tarty has had enough experience with
logrolling tariffs to be-ready for a
tariff commission-..
The Ledger's fifth plank is sound so
far a it may bo taken to declare for
cessation of the campaign which is
aimed at good and bad business with
out discrimination. If it is intended to
uphold the existence of huge corpora
tions which monopolize the bulk of en
tire industries, we demur. Strong- cor
porations are necessary to assure effi
ciency,' but they can exist under our
anti-trust laws; size which implies
monopolistic power does not contrib
ute to efficiency. The East should not
take the prevailing return to conserva
tism as meaning that the people have
relented in their opposition to trusts.
The West will be . found united
against the policy of Pinchot conserva
tion and Federal usurpation which the
present Administration Is trying to en
act into law, and it will call upon the
East to recede from the extreme posi
tion it has taken on this subject. The
best proof of genuine progressiveness
which the next Republican convention
can give the West is to recognize the
justice of the Western position on the
conservation bills.
THE JITXEY' NOVELTT.
Circumstances in Portland and else
where indicate, that what measure of
success jitney transportation has en
joyed has been due more to its nov
elty than to need or desire for a. sup
plement to or substitution for street-oar-
service: In Portland the jitneys
have gradually withdrawn from those
districts where' the inhabitants are
more or less accustomed to the pleas
ures of auto riding, and the principal
r6utes now lead into sections where
motor riding is a novelty.
In San Francisco the number of
small jitneys has lately fallen from
25O0 to a few hundred, as result of a
bonding requirement. This, it might
have been expected, would, by directly
reducing competition with the great
double-deck motor buses iwhich oper
ate between lower Market street and
the Exposition, work to their material
benefit, but Gordon C. Corbaley, writ
ing to the Spokane Spokesman-Review,
says they are doing no business
at all.
It naturally becomes a question as to
whether it is profitable to put up with
comparative unregulation of the jit
neys for the sake of novelty.
It has been the impression that the
Jitney is the forerunner of the large
motor bus. Seemingly the public does
not care for the big bus when it oper
ates merely in competition with
streetcars, and- offers no material im
provement In speed or comfort. Cer
tainly it is Impracticable because of
traffic congestion to consider the small
car as a large and permanent factor
in city transportation.
WAMSO INTEREST.
The light vote in the recent munici
pal election In Portland is used by the
Eugene Register as a text for a short
sermon on minority rule. It is em
phasized that In this circumstance the
will of 21,000 voters, or less than one
fourth of the registered electorate,
could bind the. whole population of the
city.
It is a deplorable case when 60 per
cent of the voters are so indifferent
as to important issues that they will
not take the trouble to go to the polls.
But for our part we would rather trust
the decision to an informed 40 per cent
than to the whole electorate of which
60 per cent is uninformed.
The remedy usually " suggested for
election apathy is compulsory voting,
but apathy indicates lack of knowl
edge. It is hardly possible that if the
whole people had realized the import
ance of the issues last Monday 60 per
cent of them would have neglected to
vote. And of what value is the judg
ment of voters who have little knowl
edge of and no interest in election is
sues? The duty of citizenship does not be
gin or end with a brief visit to the
polls. It includes a study of, public af
fairs and the formation of ideas and
opinions thereon. The problem is to
encourage that study. The true sig
nificance of a light vote is that neglect
of duty on the part of a large propor
tion of the people is not casual, but
continuous. It is not a happy" revela
tion, and against its influence all the
changes and abolishments and revolu
tions in governmental forms as ad
vanced by our confirmed theorists are
of no avail.
We have frequently expressed the
opinion that the chief value In com
mission government rests not so much
in the form as in the interest in mu
nicipal affairs that the change from
one form to the other arouses and the
consequent election of capable men to
office. The Oregonian has no partic
ular fault to find with the results of
the recent election, but it does look
upon the light, vote as indicative of a
waning interest which in time,, unless
checked, will permit recession to the
abuses which we iwere promised had
been "Cured when the commission
charter was adopted.
BETTER LATE TIIAST NEVER.
President Wilson's warning to the
Mexican leaders to get together for
the salvation of Mexico or he will find
means of saving that country can be
reconciled with his Indianapolis speech
on only one hypothesis that he at last
recognizes that the Mexican people are
not now given a chance to determine
their own form of government. He
will allow the leaders of the armies a
brief time in which to give. the people
that chance. If they do not give it,
the United States will find a way to
give it.
Mr. Wilson said at Indianapolis that
"until the end of the Diaz reign, 80
per cent of the people of Mexico never
had a look in in determining who
should be their Governors or what
their government should be," and that
it is "none of our business how long
they take in determining it" or "how
they go about the business."
The number of Mexicans under
arms in support, of Carranza, Villa,
Siapata, Garcia and any other chiefs
who are engaged in war is estimated
at 1 per cent, and certainly does not
exceed 2 per cent of the population.
The other 38 or 99 per cent do not
have "a look in in determining who
shall be their governors." That is a
much larger proportion than the SO
per cent which did not have a look in
under Diaz: The 1 or 2 per cent of
belligerents have undertaken the de
cision for them. The method chosen
by this small minority is to rob, mur
der or starve the' great majority while
they .fight it out. It is hardly likely
that the majority awrovc of this way
of going" about the business.
Mr. Wilson has at last realized that
the Mexican people are not being
given the right which he declared at
Indianapolis to be theirs and he pro
poses to secure it for them. His pres
ent policy can thus be proved consis
tent with his Indianapolis policy, but
he should have known then that that
policy required him to act as he now
promises to act. The facts and the
conclusion were as obvious In January
as they are in June.
. New York City has to deal with
similar evils t those with which Port
land la contending in the campaign
against speeding and for jitney regula
tion. The number of deaths in auto
mobile accidents' for the' first five
months of the years 1914 and 1915 in
creased from forty-seven to eighty
three, though there has been an en
ergetic campaign for safety. There is
a conflict of opinion as to the cause.
The Highways Protective Society finds
it in tho rule requiring- automobiles to
stop on the near side of a crossing, but
the Safety First Society denies this
conclusion. The question should be
settled before the death rate jumps
again.
FROM THE HEX'S VTEMTOI N'T'.
In calling the roll of the unemployed
who were robbed of their jobs by the
Underwood tariff, we' must not over
look the humble' but industrious Amer
ican hen. Imports of eggs increased
from 1,500.000,000 dozen in 1913 un
der the Fayne-Aldrich tariff to nearly
6,000.000,000 dozen in 1914 under the
Underwood tariff. In the same time
imports of dried yolKs and frozen egrgs
increased "from 228,000 pounds to
3,400,000 pounds. . An exchange esti
mates that at an average of 120 eggs
per hen a year, 600,000,000 hens were
put out of work In 1914 or twice that
number were put on half time.
Of-course, if the hens had not been
disturbed and had been as well fed.
they would have continued t& lay eggs
with the same regularity as before, for
they knew nothing about the tariff.
But eggs having fallen to such a price
that many hens- did not earn their
keep, they have been killed and eaten.
Hard times may have cut down the
rations of the surviving hens to a point
where they reduced the output of eggs.
Thus the egg-producing industry is
being transferred to the hen3 of China
and "other countries. '
There is every reason to believe that,
if she were given a vote and could
think, the hen would vote the Repub
lican ticket. She would rather live and
lay eggs than be killed, cooked and
eaten. She evidently enjoys laying
eggs, else why does she cackle in tri
umph whenever she performs that
feat?
AGRICULTURE IX CENTRAL OREGON.
The agricultural campaign carried
on in Crook and Jefferson counties
during the last ten days by the com
bined forces of the Northern Pacific,
Great Northern, North Bank and Ore
gon Trunk railways will more than
likely be of benefit to the sections
mentioned. It was a campaign of
speaking and not of demonstration,
but the principal speaker was Profes
sor Thomas Shaw, agriculturist for the
Hill lines, and he is so well equipped
to give advice to the general or spe
cializing farmer that his work always
attracts attention, no. matter where he
gore.
During this tour the party visited
almost every section between Agency
Plains on the north to the Lake Coun
ty line on. the south and frefm Sisters
on the west to the Hampton "Valley on
the east, thus taking in a terrltory over
125 miles square. More than twenty
meetings were held, all of which were
largely attended and always by those
deeply interested in developing that
section. The closest attention was
paid to Professor Shaw and the other
speakers and everywhere they were
plied with questions bearing on tho
problems confronting them as pioneers
in a great undeveloped section.
But as a rule the people -visited are
of the right stripe and in time most of
the problems now confronting them
seemingly of a serious character, will
be solved so satisfactorily that the en
tire section tributary to the Des
chutes railways will be thick
ly settled by a prosperous people. But
it will take time and to accomplish it
the more speedily the advice of such
teachers as Professor Shaw should be
closely followed.
A LETTER FROM IR. MATTHEWS.
The Oregonian cannot descry any
misleading statements that it has made
about Union Theological Seminary.
Dr. M. A. Matthews, in his letter
printed today, tries to correct a few
remarks that we made upon the af
fairs of that famous school some time
ago. He manages to inject a certain
amount of fury into the subject, but
we do not see much else that he does.
We said that Union Seminary had a
legal right to sever its connection with
the Presbyterian Church. The con
nection was first made in 1870. "Later
it was dissolved by the board of
directors.
' The Outlook for June 2 says editor
ially that the directors were justified
in their action. It adds in substance
that "the report of the General As
sembly's committee declares the direc
tors in dissolving that connection to
have done what they ought to have
done." Dr. Matthews reads into the
Assembly's report a goexd deal of fren
zy that the more dispassionate, but
perhaps equally reliable. Outlook
seems not to have perceived. We are
not concerned "to defend Union Semi
nary.' fit has always been able to take
pretty good care of itself and no doubt
always will be.
Its founders aimed, as they said.
"to provide a seminary for men of
moderate views and feelings who de
sire to live free from party strife and
to stand aloof from the extremes of
theological speculation." People who
read Dr. Matthews letter in The Ore
gonian today will understand how lit
tle sympathy he is likely to feel with
any such purpose. He seems to be a
sort of theological Carrie Nation, rely
ing a good deal more on the axe than
on sweet reasonableness. It must pain
him sorely, with his extreme animos-
ty, to learn from the Outlook that
'the vote of the General Assembly is
rtot a setback for the seminary. It
simply clears the air." The institu
tion, according to the Outlook, never
was intended to be a Presbyterian
school and it. is better to have tne
matter thoroughly understood once
for all.
What really disturbs us is Dr.
Matthews' unchristian spirit. He says
with great relish that Union Seminary
is "henceforth by its own act an out
cast without money or destiny" and
so on. "It is an incubator of heretics."
How this meek Preacher of the
Word does hate heretics. He says that
'modern theologians would not - . .
light fagots to burn heretics because
they think too much of the fagots."
He says again that "it is an accursed
affrontery to mental aifd spiritual hon
esty for men to prate about the all
inclusive spirit of kindness and char
ity." Judging from his letter wo can
assure Dr. Matthews that he never will
be guilty of any such "affrontery."
"Kindness and charity" arc not likely
to contaminate the current of his
passions. "
But a letter like Dr. Matthews' is a
subject for melancholy rather than
pleasantry. Wo print it with an in
voluntary blush for the writer. We
sigh over its spirit and shall dr our
best to cover it with the mantle of
charity, that "accursed" charity which
is so repugnant to him. By Dr. Mat
thews' own request the letter is printed
conspicuously, but we feel almost cer
tain that ater calm andV prayerful re
flection he will wish it had been hid
den in some obscure corner, or not
printed at all. Sins which appear par
donable in the heat of passion some
times look pretty- black the day after.
Mr. Hodges", former1 Governor of
Kansas, comments scathingly in a cur
rent magazine on the horse play of the
last State Legislature. The Christian
Science Monitor takes a similar view
of legislators conduct in Pennsylvania
and Massachusetts. It adds signifi
cantly that college alumni meetings
have gone down to about the same
level lately. Something" like' a deluge
of frivolity and buffoonery seems to
have swept over the country'. Perhaps
Billy Sunday is the remedy, on the
principle of swallowing a. hair from
the dog that bit you.
Swimming- is now required by Co
lumbia for graduation. A senior coming-
up for his degree this Spring for
got to pass In swimming- until twenty
minutes before the commencement
ceremonies began. But he stripped,
plunged into the tank, swam in a
dozen styles, dived and floated to his
professor's, satisfaction,. Ho then
dressed and mounted the platform
with his classmates, all in twenty min
utes. A man who can do a feat like
that has learned something far -better
than swimming, though swimming is
good.
The Saturday Everting Post thinks
' Germany "could have better afforded
the loss of a dozen army brigades than
the sinking of the Lusitania." This
implies that public opinion is still a
I power which it does not pay, in. the
long run, to offend. This may be true,
but if the offender is successful he
makes public opinion what he wants
it to be and so goes unwhipped of jus
tice. In the novel Cinq Mars there is
a remark on this subject wiser than
our contemporary's. We have quoted
its substance. x
Rockefeller's General Education
Board is going to do something new
as far as this country is concerned. It
purposes to assist "independent" in
vestigators, those not members of any
college faculty or laboratory staff.
Darwin was an ihdepenednt investiga
tor. So were Galton, Herbert Spencer
and Newton. Darwin had a fortune
of his own. Spencer got help from
the United States in the nick of time.
Newton had a government appoint
ment. Science we3 a colossal debt to
such men.
If George L. Bowerman's advice to
the American Library Association Is
followed our public libraries will here
after "press" and "push" peace books
instead of the warlike. Mr. Bower
mart is librarian of the Washington
public library. A biologist of repute,
writing on the same theme, urges that
militaristic books should be .excluded
from the schools. Perhaps we all be
gin to hear the peace gospel preached
too late m life to become genuine
converts.
Harvard, Tale and Princeton have
agreed to admft students on certifi
cates from the preparatory schools.
But there is a proviso. The student
must pass some tests set by the col
lege itself. This system does not go
so far as the state universities' in ac
cepting certificates. Neither is It so
rigorous as the old-fashioned examina
tions. Like most really workable
plans, it is a compromise.
The economic value ' of the' Ger
mans slain in the war to this date is
estimated at $2,000,000,000, Many of
them were technical experts, trained
men of science whom it will take years
to replace. - The worst of war is Its
destruction of future values. It slays
civilization in the germ.
There is irony in French use of
laughing gas bombs to retaliate for
German use of poisonous 1 gas. If the
French can only keep the Germans
laughing" long enough, they can take
the trenches and tire Germans will
never laugh again.
Captain d Knoop's speech conveys a
hint that if the British soldiers who
have been holding their ground irt
Flanders- were to be turned loose
among the loafing British workmen
there would be some sore heads among
the workmen.
Mrs. Pankhurst Is as willing to prac
tice militancy in actual war as in be
half of woman suffrage. She proposes
obligatory war service for both men
and women. She may win the men by
going into the trenches with them.
Hid the fire maxshal possessed
power to compel removal of the
avoidable fire risks from the Standard
mill, it might not have been burned.
The owners realize too late the wisdom
of his recommendations.
The war has proved the- superiority
of the biplane to the monoplane in
both safety and speed. When it ends,
we shall have aircraft perfected by
theseverest tests of actual war condi
tions. Flying of tho American flag by a
British ship is an invitation to Ger
man submarines to sink more Ameri
can ships by mistake.
The captain of the Colonian thinks
there is more protection in the Stars
and Stripes than do many of our own
people in Mexico.
Work tomorrow will be a tough
proposition after all seen and done to
day and tonight.
The best the weather folk can do to
day is to predict the "unsettled" kind,
but who cares?
To General White, grand marshal
today, 10:30 means half after 10 to
the second.
Those extremely proud-stepping meh
are the Radiators from Radiatlo-n, up
the Valley.
The Italian poldier must be a real
patriot, since he gets only 2 cents a
day.
Portland is proud of every thing and
everybody today.
There are millions of roses left on
the bushes, too.
Do not overlook the game after the
parade.
As if an Oregonian feared a little
rain.
The clouds rolled by.
European War Primer
By nilonal Grosrraphlcal Society.
San Marino, the world's tiniest
republic a vest-pocket edition, has
been brought into the war area
by Italy's declaration against Aus
tria - Hungary. San Marino, despite
its midget proportions, is the most
venerable, the most persistent and
enduring of republics. For it adds
to lfs quality of being one" of the
smallest states in the world that of
being; the oddest stats in Europe. It
has weathered violent storms, storms
threatening to extinguish even its
memory among men, by the score; and
today the ancient midget republic is
again on the firing line of a world
convulsion.
San Marino is -situated between the
Italian provinces of Fori! and Pesaro
Urbino, in the north Of Italy, near
tho Adriatic coast, within reach of big
guns, from the sea. It lies about 12
miles southwest of Rimini, an Italian
coast ojty, and well within the zone
exposed to hostile airship and aero
plane attack. The republic has one
town, which lies toward the coast.
about 115 miles due south of Venice
The little state has an area of 32
square miles and a population of some
10,000. Its territory is very hilly, moun
tainous in the neighborhood of its city,
where the Monte Titano, an offshoot
of the Apennines, reaches the highest
elevation in the republic, that of 26o0
feet. The City stands at the south of
this precipitous rock, and is sheltered
under the defenses of tho mountain,
whose three summits are crowned by
fortifications. These strong positions,
like th-s Black Mountain of the Monte
negrins, have played a significant part
in the preservation of tine republic
through the centuries of war, anarchy,
neighborly aggression and hate of
democracy that the small state has
seen since the year 951, when it adopt
ed !ts republican form of g vernment.
This government, with modifications, is
still in force today. The arms of San
Marino are three peaks, each crowned
with a tower. The shield is a silver
shield, and, besides the defended moun
tain peaks, displays the patron saint.
The climate is healthful. Cattlerais
ing and wine production are the chief
occupations in the republic, while lace
and embroidery working are a growing
home industry. Many of the citizens
of San Marino earn their livelihoods
outside of the narrow limits of the
fatherland as mechanics, the mason's
trade being the most popular. Some
excellent stonecarvers come from
among" this people, and marble figures
form one of the exports.
The town of San Marino, which grows
around its mountain, is protected by a
wall and shelters about 2000 people. It
contains the republic's parliament
building, a line type of public struc
ture, much more pretentious than the
legislative halls of a number of na
tions many times as large. There are
five churches and one or two other
interesting" architectural features in the
city.
The Parliament f San Marino Is a
representative body, with 60 members
chosen for life service from among the
burghers, land owners and nobility.
The executive power reposes in a com
mittee of 12, chosen from among the
representatives and of two reigning
captains, selected by the Chamber from
Its membership every six months. Tb.e
annual income and expenditure is about
$t0,000. San Marino has no public
debt. It has a treaty of friendship
with Italy.
Military service Is compulsory In the
little republic; for it has often found
that the preparation of its citizens was
the only guarantee of the endurance of
its liberal institutions. AH or its men
are technically obliged to serve with
the colors from 18 to 60. The available
forces of San Marino total about
1500, a trim and well-equipped army.
The republic issues its own postage
stamps and copper coinage. Coins of
higher values are Italian.
The city is said to have been found
ed in the fourth century by Saint Ma
rinus, of Dalmatia. In 931 it had de
veloped into a little republic and dur
ing the long years of Its history several
times forced the recognition of its in
dependence from greatly superior ad
versaries. When Italy went to war
with Austria, for her independence, San
Marino declared its' i eutrality with
(nuch the same consciousness of the im
portance of this manifesto as that felt
bv the powerful sister republic, the
United States, in declaring its position
in the present world struggle. Napoleon
respected the independence of the little
state, and sentiment preserved tho re
public in 1800-61 the Liliput of 1000
years survived Independent in the
midst of a united Italy.
THE PORT LA NO ROSE.
Every one is singing of the Portland
Rose;
Everybody loves it, this the whole
world knows.
Thousands come to view it, come from
p.verv state.
Then go home declaring it is simply
erreat.
So I'll pay my tribute at this festive
time;
Try to tell its beauties in a little
rhyme.
Portland Rose, the fairest flower that
ever grew, ,
Brought from fields elyslan every
beauteous hue.
Bathed them in the sunrise of a per
fect day.
Sprinkled them with dewdrops from
tho Milky Way,
Drenched them with a fragrance only
heaven knows.
Planted them in Portland and called
them "the rose."
Petals soft and shell pink as a baby's
Some'are like the snow flakes, pure
and white;
Some grow deeply crimson at our ard
ent gaze;
Some are clothed in sunset's golden
light
Pink, or white, or crimson, matters not
the hue,
The're the fairest flowers neath the
skies of blue.
Every year In 'June time we proclaim
its reign;
Every year it seems to grow more
sweet;
Dainty as the 'pinions from an angel's
wing
Are tho petals scattered 'round our
feet.
Heaven with all its beauties never will
disclose
Anything that's fairer than, the" Port
land Rose.
CLARA L. HOLT.
493 Harrison St.
Claim on Titled Land.
Tortland. June 10. (To the Editor.)
Please say if there ts any United
States or Oregon law that will allow
a person to prospect for mineral or
stake a claim on property in Oregon
for which another party holds deed. In
other words. T have a recorded deed to
land: need I be alarmed that prospec
tors are examining the ground? Is there
any mining law that gives them i right
to any mineral that may possibly be
there? L. C. B.
Tour letter does not admit of a defi
nite reply. Conditions would affect tho
legal status of this matter, as there
are various kinds of mineral lands, and
the laws vary with the land. Better
take the mattcr'up -with your attorney.
Alexander Irvine's Addrcsa.
NEWPORT. Or., June S. (To the Ed
itor.) Can. you give the address of
Alexander Irvine, the Socialist author
and lecturer? SUBSCRIBER.
Canadian building, Los Angeles, Cal.
MINISTER AND l'.MO SEMINARY
Dr. M. A. Matthenrx Brands It "An In
rubntor of Heretics.
SEATTLE, Wash., June 9. (To the
Editor.) Your editorial in re the gen
eral assembly's action on Union Theo
logical Seminary is in many respects
misleading. Of course you would not
make a misleading statement, and. no
doubt, you were led into the error by
the alleged friends of union seminary.
The general assembly received, ap
proved, adopted and wrote into the his
tory of the church the report of our
committee, which. In effect and spirit,
says that union seminary has broken
faith with the dead and the living;
that it has violated every moral and
legal trust reposed in it: that it is un
orthodox, un-Presbyterlan, heretical
and unworthy of Presbyterian men, in
fluence, money and students; that
henceforth it is by its own act an out
cast without money or destiny so far
as orthodox faith and teachings are
concerned.
It has a large amount of money
which it secured as a Presbyterian in
stitution and which, it is using daily
for other purposes than teaching Pres
byterian dosctrines.
No board of directors can claim ultra
vires to escape a moral responsibility.
The board may not have had a legal
right to- make a certain legal compact,
but it made the compact and received
the fruits therefrom and cannot escape
the moral responsibility. It must stand
branded as a faith-breaker. It is, in
fact, an incubator of heretics.
Dr. Fox's protest was not for the
purpose of discovering heresy or here
tics, but was for the purpose of' pre
venting New- York Presbytery from re
ceiving the half-baked students from
union theological Beminary, and to pre
vent New York Presbytery from li
censing men who do not believe the
great fundamental truths of the Bible
and the Presbyterian Church. The gen
eral assembly, in spirit, answered- Dr.
Fox" protest by passing the following
injunction, thus enjoining Presbyteries
from receiving half-baked students
The injunction is as follows:
Whereas. It Is reported that In many
parts of our churrh there is wide toleration
in the licensing of theological studen ts .and
in accepting into our ministry thrdujth
ordination those who misinterpret the fun
damentals -of our church; and,
W hereas, The Presbyterian Church has al
ways Ftorxl for those doctrine which come
to us from the Holy Scriptures and so glori
ously emphasized fn the reformation of the
l'Jth century: therefore he it
Kesolved, That our Presbyteries are In
structed and enjoined not to receive students
who are not clear In their belief in those
important doctrines which are at the foun
dation of our faith the vlrsin birth the In
carnation of our Lord, the deity of Christ.
His resurrection from the dead, the atone
ment and the authority and integrity of the
iilnle.
The day has come In America when
the evangelical churches are going to
cttnni mr me nuin once delivered to
the saints. If ministers do not believe
the doctrines taught by the Presby
terian Church, then they ought to be
honest enough to leave tho church.
Presbyterian ministers take a solemn
oath to believe the doctrines of the
Westminster confession of faith and
they also take an oath to teach 'those
doctrines. Therefore, when a min
ister ceases to believe them, and at
the same time continues to draw his
salary as a Presbyterian preacher, he
is obtaining money finder false pre
tenses and is dishonest.
The time has come in America for
men to be honest, conscientious fair
and square with themselves with God
and with the world.
The fight for the great fundamen
tals has Just begun and no Unit
can remain hereafter in a Presbyterian
no must go or be exposed. It
is art accursed effronterv tn rr.er.9i
and spiritual honesty for men to prate
about the all-inclusive spirit of kind
ness and charity. Such a statement
was born in dishonesty, is uttered by
heretics and is used to cloak and to
cover the dishonesty of men wh h.
ceased to believe .that which thev
swore to teach. Those who stand for
ii-e laun once delivered to the saints
belong to the exclusive sfhnni rir ti,.
ologians. They will not include the
vagaries and heresies, nor will thev
accept the rationalist. Unitarian and
other unregenerate skeptics into the
fold of evangelical theologians and
Christians.
Modern, evanarelical lmni r-i,
tians, preachers and theologians would
riot harm heretics nor would thev liht
fagots to burn them, because'! hev hir,ir
too much of the fagots. They would
on the other hand. fniiour n i
junctions of Scripture to separate theni-
lruI" sucn, let the heretics go
and, leave them to their own delusions
and impending judgments
Please give this answer the same edi
torial prominence you did vour state
ments. - 31. A. MATTWWWa
SIsn Offends the e.
PORTLAND. June 10. (To the Edi
tor.) coming through Oreoiv last
week, and after having passed through
the glorious depot park of Eugene 1
was struck with the pnntrn.t X.
riving at a small town called Turnei.
x iouna, lacing our "Shasta T.imitori "
an enormous sign in the shape of a
milk can. which evidently was supposed
i town, but which in
reality Is a disgrace to the community
and a blot upon the landscape.
The sign originallv read "Turner
tne cream of the Willamette Valley '
but it is quite evident that the cream
has all been spilled out and nothing
but skim milk left. If I was a citizen
of that town I might feel bad abo-Jt
such a condition, but I certainly would
not advertise it to the world.
The top of this can was blown off,
the letters were faded out and the
whole was decidedly disgraceful. 1
take this method or suggesting to the
good people of Oregon to raise a fund
for the purpose of assisting Turner to
either remove this blot upon the land
scape or emulate the example of Eu
gene and beautify its front door.
A CALITORNIAN.
Alabama Divorce Law.
PORTLAND, June 7. (To the Edi
tor.) Please tell us if the law of Ala
bama requires both parties to sue for
a divorce. If the womau gets the di
vorce without the husband contesting
it, can he legally marry another-woman
in Oregon? A READER.
Under certain conditions on-3 can se
cure a divorce in Alabama and marry
again. The laws of that state provide
for default divorces, but it i3 Within
the province of the court granting the
decree either to allow tho parties or
either of them to remarry or not as
he sees fit. At any rale, parties can
not remarry within 60 days under any
conditions. If divorce was granted un
der laws of Alabama and the decree
provided for remarriage, and the re
marriage took place, after expiration
of statutory time, the rrtarriago would
be legal; otherwise not. Before you
Could determine this you would have
to examine the decree, or have an at
torney do it for you.
Moon and Tide.
ST. HULKXiS. Or., June 10. (To the
Editor.) To settle an argument, what
effect does the moon have on the tides?
J. M.
Tide's aro caused by tho attraction
of the sun and moon (the tide-raising
force of the moon being three times
that of the sun) acting unequally on
the waters in different parts of the
earth, thus disturbing their equilib
rium. lce to Be nloli?.,
To those who believe in the "un
lucky thirteen" superstition it may he
interesting to know that thu total
bank deposits of Kansas are fl3.ono,
000 greater now than they were a
year ago.
Twenty-Five Years Ago
From The Oresonian June 11. 1 590.
New'Tork. A railroad combination
far bigger than anything yet attempt
ed is being quietly discussed among
well-informed railroad men. It 13 the
amalgamation of tho great Missouri
Pacific; and Atchison systems. The re
cent rate wars in the West, taken in
connection with the strong rival com
binations formed against the Missouri
Pacific, it is believed has strengthened
Gould's desire to withdraw from that
field, providing he can do so without
any sacrifice of property or pride. The
deal, it is said, would involve the Chi
cago & Alton, which, for obvious rea
sons. Gould would buy and graft onto
the Missouri Pacific before leasing the
united systems to the Atchison.
St. Paul. J. J. Hill, president of the
Great Northern Railway, left by spe
cial train yesterday for Montana. He
was accompanied by D. C. Shepherd, a
well-known railroad contractor. The
trip Is made in connection with the
Great Northern's extension, to the Pa
cific Coast.
Olympia. Wash. Charges of bribery
have sprung up here. It is said a move
has been started to influence the Wash-"
ington Board of Education in the mat
ter of purchasing textbooks. The
American Book Company is blamed for
having sent a check for $3000, sup
posedly to get a reconsideration of
awards, which had not given every
thing to the book "trust." L. M. Leach,
of Vancouver, secretary of the board,
laid thei check before the board. The
reconsideration, of course, did not ma
terialize. M. C. Sullivan, or Portland,
Or., is implicated in the alleged brib
ery attempt, and tho proof against his
assistant manager. C. E. Eames, Is said
to be positive. The board commended
Leach for his expose.
London. The Telegraph yesterday
carried another interview with Bis
marck. The ex-Chancellor said nobody
in Europe was more desirous for peace
than Emperor William and. added that
-the Emperor was bent upon internal
rerorms, rather than on aggression.
He said the relations with Russia were
good and that the Czar certainly would
not attack Germany. A point that is
not without importane to the peace of
Europe the triple alliance Bismarck
said was certain to endure. Only the
most unforeseen accident could dis
turb European peace, he said, adding
that it appsared impossible that Eng
land and Germany should go to war. If
they iid war it might lead to a conti
nental conflict, he said.
Reports from the Cheyenne Indian
Agency say that the Indians are act
ing in a most insolent way, indicating
that an uprising Is imminent.
The Taeoma Ledger points to the
comparison of the vote in Tacoma and
Portland to indicate the population of
the two cities. It concludes Tacoma Is
about two-thirds as big as Portland.
The Ledger, however, did not remem
ber that Portland has suburbs across
the river that cast half as many votes
as Portland proper did. In a short
time we shall see what the populations
are when tho census appears.
Rev. G. W. Grannis. of Astoria, is to
speak on Abraham Lincoln tonight at
the Y. M. C. A.
Dr. E. A. Sommer and Dr. George
Fanning, of Woodbum, Or., are in the
city. Both are graduates of Willam
ette Medical College.
Washington Bfds were opened yes
terday for more than J. 000. 000 worth
of new naval vessels. The largest ves
sel ever designed for the United states,
to be known officially as Armored
Cruiser No. 2, is one of the craft to be
ordered. There are several. The
armored cruiser will cost $3,500,000 ami
a protected cruiser about $1,800,000. A
practice ship will cost about $250,000.
Hair-nollam of isrs.
PORTLAND, June 10. (To the Ed
itor.) Is there a premium ort tho 1S53
half-dollars, or on quarters of the
same year, or 1S3S half-dollars. Give
me some reference where I can find the
value of old coins.
-MRS. A. J. HARRIS.
Half-dollars of 1833 which have no
arrows at the date or no rays from
the eagle bear a premium of $i;3 to
$100. Quarters of 1S33 without arrows
or rays are valued at $1.50 to $i. The
half-dollar of 183S is valued at $20 to
$100, if there is nOj "o" between the
bust and date.
The Press Publishing Company, New
York City, carried a table of old coin
values in its 1913 issue" ot the World
Almanac.
Who Established Parrel Pout.
PORTLAND. June 10. (To the Edi
tor.) Will you please answer this
question?
Did Wilson or Taft put the parcel
post bill through, and to whom docs
the credit belong?
M. W. CARROLL.
The parcel post law was passed in
August, 1912, under the Taft adminis
tration. The credit belongs to the Re
publicans, for the bill was prepared and
passed first by the Senate, which they
controlled, but it was also , passed by
the Democratic House. It was not a
party question, for both parties had In
dorsed the principle, but the Republi
cans were the first to act.
Slifpmenti From Mexico.
PORTLAND, June 10. (To the Edi
tor.) (1) Is it possible or advisable.
at the present time, to import machin
ery or export products to or from the
extreme southwest of Mexico by way
of Frontera.
(2) Can you give some rules for
pronouncing Mexican names.
SUBSCRIBER.
1. Write to the Pacific Mail Steam
ship Company, San Francisco, for in
formation on shipments to and from
Mexico.
2. Perhaps the best way to obtain a
working knowledge of the pronuncia
tion of Mexican names is to confer
With someone who has a practical
knowledge of Spanish.
Reaping the Sowed
Field
When the Natiotfal manufacturer
comes Into the newspapers with hi.
advertising he is plowing and sow
ing for the local merchant to reap.
The harvest comes in the definite
demand that ripens at tho dealer's
store door.
The wise retailer is alert to glean.
He shows the goods that are be
ing advertised, making his counters
and windows tell tho story of his
co-operation.
The demand created by the manu
facturer's, advertising is cashed in
over the dealer's counter.
Watch the manufacturer's adver
tising in The Oregonian and reap
the harvest.