8
THE MORNING OREGONIAN. FRIDAY. MAY 28, 1915.
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PORTLAND. FRIDAY, MAY S8, 1915.
ALL DEPENDS ON Bl'LGABLi.
, Italy having made the plunge, diplo.
matic efforts of the two groups of
belligerents are now turned with re
doubled energy to the Balkan states.
Throughout the war each party has
sought reinforcements In this quarter,
but their efforts have resulted only in
a deadlock.
Bulgaria Is the' pivotal point In the i
Balkan combination. Much as she
desires to acquire territory from Tur
key, she is loath to gain It at the cost
of definite surrender of that part of
Macedonia which was snatched from
her by Serbia after the second Balkan
war. She has visions of a greater
Bulgaria, an empire with Constanti
nople as its capital. Very early in her
history as an independent state she
renounced the guardianship of Russia
Vy electing a German ruler and set
out to work out her own destiny, not
merely without regard to, but in di
rect conflict with, Russian policy and
ambitions. She can never forgive
Greece and Serbia for taking Mace
donia, which is largely populated by
her people and Is consecrated by their
blood; nor Roumania for taking the
Dobrogia and for intervening at a
stage when she had gained the upper
hand over the Serbs and Greeks.
Hence the thought of helping Russia
.to capture' Constantinople, helping
Greece to acquire territory in Albania
and Asia Minor, helping Serbia to arr
nex the South Slav provinces of Aus
tria and helping Roumania to seize
Bukowina and Transylvania is repug
nant to her.
But Bulgaria may consider the pos
sibility that allied victory might ac
complish all these things without her
aid. Then she would be entirely left
out in the final settlement and the
door would be forever closed against
her expansion. That possibility nat
urally suggests the wisdom of seeking
to avert it by aiding Germany, Aus
tria and Turkey, but the- thought is
Immediately stifled by consideration
of the certain consequences. Russia,
Roumania, Serbia and Greece would
pounce upon her from all sides. Both
Austria and Turkey would be too fully
occupied with self-defense to aid her,
and, though Germany might possibly
break through the ring of enemies to
her aid, such a contingency is highly
Improbable. By allying herself with
Turkey, Bulgaria would shut herself
out from expansion in the very direc
tion where she wishes to expand, for
In the event of victory, she could .not
profit at the expense of an ally.
Thus Bulgaria has been halting be
tween two opinions -whether to Join
the allies or.o remain neutral. Could
she but obtain from Serbia and Greece
the coveted part of Macedonia, she
would probably have been enlisted on
the side of tbe allies ere now. While
the allies were striving, to obtain for
her concessions in that direction, Ger
many was Impressing on her the wis
dom of neutrality. Venezelos, ex
Premier of Greece, had arranged
these concessions and had obtained
the King's consent. Counting on the
co-operation of Greek and Bulgarian
land forces, the allied navy made its
attack on the Dardanelles. But King
Constantine denied having consented
to war and Venezelos resigned. Bul
garia at the same time obtained a loan
from Germany, and postponed deel
eion, the Greek King's action furnish
ing a good excuse. The naval attack
" on the Dardanelles was no strategic
blunder, but was designed to prepare
the way for a promised land' force
which cjjd not appear.
Botlv Greece and Roumania now
await the decision of Bulgaria, while
Bulgaria awaits the result of the
allied operations on the Dardanelles.
Roumania would probably be glad to
attack Austria, could she feel secure
from a flank attack by" Bulgaria,
Greece is restrained by the opposition
of her King, by his illness and by the
Influence of her Queen, who Is the
. Kaiser's sister. Her people would
gladly fight, for they- foresee the loss
of a golden opportunity through allied
conquest of Turkey and Italian con
quest of Albania, Would Bulgaria but
make the plunge, these two states
would quickly follow. When General
von der Goltz went to Sofia he caused
a deadlock which only the fortunes
of war can break.
OLD SONG DAYS.
Kansas has many singular habits,
one of the strangest being the cele-.
oration of "Old Song Day." On that
festive holiday the schools and the
general population join in singing
"the old, familiar teongs" which every
body ' knows by heart or ought to.
Kansas has many such songs which
recall the bloody days of her struggle
with the border ruffians, "Old John
Brown" and "Lea Marals des Cygnes."
Perhaps Whittier's poem on the
theme, last mentioned has been set to
music for Kansas schoolchildren. If
it has not It should be.
The songs the people sing are of no
(particular' race, time or country.
Dixie." "Old Black Joe," "The Kan
sas Emigrant" and "The Wearin' of
the Green" are some specimens ot
this cosmopolitan musical outpouring.
The Boston Transcript notices that
no good song piece is shut out of the
Joys of State Song- day because it hap
pens to offend the delicate sensibili
ties of some pampered nationality.
Th various hyphenated elements of
the community learn that they must
, put up with some things they do not
like. They are not "babied and
nursed Into the fancy that they have
special rights and must have special
exemptions."
In Kansas all these various ele-
ments of the population must learn
to like what other Americans like and
no doubt the discipline is wholesopie
for them. It is-just as well to cease
coddling foreign prejudices and race
Smtreds on this side the water. Kan-
Baa has set a good example which the
rest of the states might follow with
abundant profit.
IT CAN'T BE DONE.
Is there anything (more absurd
than the claims of the meterites? In
stallation 'of meters, we are assured
in passionate tones, will reduce the
consumption of water, and because
the water thus "saved" will flow down
the sewer outlets of the reservoirs
Instead of going through the mains,
the price to the consumers can be
reduced. We are promised that we
shall use less water, be charged less
for it and that out of the decreased
revenues we can pay several hundred
thousand dollars for meters and the
added cost of meter reading.'
Portland, according to a newspaper
meter advocate,' consumes 30,000,000
gallons of water dally. The watei
revenues for the year are estimated
by the department at $750,000. The
average rat paid by the consumer is
therefore a trifle more than 6.8 per
1000 gallons..
Suppose the meters reduce the con
sumption one-sixth, or 5,000,000 gal
lons. The average daily consumption
will then be 25,000,000 gallons, and If
the same rate of 6.8 is applied the
annual revenues will be about $620,
000. But' the fixed charges against
the water fund are $712,000. 'There
would be a deficit of $92,000 in in
terest charges and operating expenses,
with no provision for meeting the cost
of the meters. If an appreciable re
duction . in water consumption is
caused by meter installation the aver
age rate-"must be raised.
HASTE TO WED.
. The plight of the couple at New
port who are surf-bound in their ef
fort to cross the bar, get beyond the
three-mile limit and there be wed in
spite of Oregon divorce laws may
arouse the tender sympathies of the
romantic, but the couplewill probably
save themselves future heartburnings
by consulting a lawyer instead of the
weather man.
The law prohibiting remarriage be
fore the expiration of six months after
divorce cannot be evaded any easier
than the law prohibiting bigamy. The
divorce is not actually complete until
six months have elapsed after entry
of the decree. The one granted a de
cree still has a living spouse in a legal
sense for six months. The new mar
riage beyond the thfee-mile limit
would not' be considered more lawful
after the couple returned to shore
than if the decree of divorce had
never been granted.
It Is a good thing for persons di
vorced in Oregon to remember that
the courts have passed conclusively on
the question. Inasmuch as the law
prohibits remarriage before the ex
piration of , six months, the courts
hold that a marriage fente'red into in
another state within that period is a
fraud upon the other state or upon
the persons performing the ceremony.
and that the marriage is void.
The marriage state is not to be light
ly entered into and troubles generally
pursue those who do so. A num
ber of uninformed persons in other
years innocently remarried within six
months after securing divorce. ' This
caused the Legislature in 1911 to
make the law on the question more
positive, but at that time the Legis
lature also validated marriages that
had been so contracted" prior to a cer
tain date. We have heard of one man
who divorced No. 1 and married No.
2 before six months had elapsed. Then
learning that his second marriage was
Illegal, deserted No. 2 and married
No. 3. Thereafter the Legislature by
general law validated his second
marriage and wife No. 2 preferred
charges against him for bigamy.
The lesson is that a void marriage
Ehould be formally declared void by
the courts to be on the safe side.
ANOTHER COSTLY BLUNDER.
The decision of the Customs Court
sustaining the tariff rebate of 5 per
cent on goods imported in American
ships and declaring that it must apply
to imports in ships of countries hav
ing favored-nation treaties, brings to
light another example of'' bungling
Democratic legislation. When income
daily shows a decrease and outgo an
increase, and when every dollar of
revenue is needed to keep down the
deficit, this decision comes, requiring
refund of $15,000,000 in duties already
collected and reducing revenue $11,
000.000 or more yearly.
Had real statesmanship been shown
In preparing the Underwood bill, the
full legal effect of this rebate pro
vision would have been, ascertained
before it was Incorporated in the bill.
But in its anxiety to gain the politi
cal benefits of throwing a sop to the
shipping interest, the committee
adopted this provision, the caucus
swallowed it and then, of course, the
House had nothing to do but accept it.
After the bill was passed, the Attorney-General
raised the very1" point on
which the court has ruled as to fa
vored-nation treaties. Another jump
was made at a conclusion and the re
bate provision was declared lnoper
ative and was ignored.
Importers were not to be disposed of
in this offhand manner, however.
They saw a chance to- save that 5' per
cent and they went after it. . They
claim the rebate on imports in both
American and favored-nation ships.
As the court recognises no executive
power to -suspend acts of Congress or
treaties, it finds for the importers. The
Democratic party, in an --effort to
benefit fifty American ships, has care-
lessly given the same benefit to 5 500
foreign ships, 'thus destrpying the
value of the rebate to our ships. The
scope of the provision is so broad
that it is equivalent to a further hori
zontal reduction of 5 per cent in the
tariff.
A wise colloquial saying is: "Be
sure you're right, then go ahead." Mr,
Underwood and his colleagues went
ahead blindly and found they were
wrong, as usual. They have con
ferred no benefit on American ships.
The benefit has all accrued to the for
eign manufacturer and the American
Importer.
A HINT FROM THE ERIE CANAL.
Opening of the Celilo Canal on the
Columbia River gives the people of the
Pacific Northwest an interest beyond
the ordinary in the progress of th
Erie Canal enlargement in New York.
The latter canal is 85 per cent finished
and last week the five great locks near
Waterford were used for the first time
in the presence of Governor Whitman
and other state officials. They are
the highest flight of locks In the
world, making acombined lift of 169
feet in a distance of a mile and a half
For the canal proper $108,000,000 has
been appropriated and $19,800,000 ad
ditional has been provided for term
inals. '
The type of boats to be used has not
been determined, but will be of inter-
est to the Oregon country, for it may
aid us in deciding how to use the Ce
lilo Canal and loeks with greatest
economy. Although the Erie water
way is called the 1000-ton barge canal,
a single boat of 2000 tons or more
could be locked through, while two
of 15i00 tons each could be locked
tandem, and some persons think one
powerboat and three consorts having
a combined capacity of 3200 tons
would fill a. lock.
This discussion of large barges and
of strings of barges towed by a power
boat is worth the attention of Colum
bia River steamboatmen. By the use
of towb'oats to propel large fleets of
coal barges down the Monongahela,
Ohio and Mississippi rivers, traffic on
those streams has successfully sur
vived railroad competition. Where the
vessel which supplies the power car
ries ,the cargo also, river traffic has
fallen into decay. Expansion of traf
fic on the Colombia, in order to be
successful, -must follow the lines sug
gested for the Erie Canal, lines which
have long been followed on the great
waterways of Europe. A great water
traffic has flourished there through
being conducted in this manner. In
no other manner does it seem possible
to revive and develop similar traffic
in this country.
GREAT EXPECTATIONS.
The Anneke Jans Bogardus case is
up -again in New York for the doz
enth time. The numerous descend
ants of that .prolific old Dutch (fame
are suing Trinity Church for possesr
sion ,of the farm she once owned on
Manhattan Island.'
In her day the estate was used for
chicken-raising and dairying and was
worth no more than any, other piece
of agricultural land. Now it is cov
ered with tall buildings and is worth
a million dollars a square inch, more
or less. At any rate -it -is valuable
enough to excite the cupidity of the
Bogardus heirs and they periodically
bring suit against the Trinity Corpora
tion for its recovery. Their, bad luck
consists in the fact that the property
was sold a good many years ago and
their legal title extinguished. So they
lose every time they sue, but that
does not discourage them. Hope
springs eternal in their breasts and
the lawyers wax fat on their perennial
folly.
Mrs. Anneke- Jans Bogardus, who
was an ample and amiable Dutch
farmer's wife, never dreamed what a
heritage of litigation she was be
queathing to the world when she
closed her account and placidly re-
Ired to'' the tomb: The unintentional
evil that she did lives after her and
the legal, profession rejoices. .
The faith of supposititious heirs in
the reality of imaginary inheritances
is invincible. Disappointment haa no
effect upon them. A hundred failures
do not deter them, from new effort3t
to recover what 3oes not exist. The
Bogardus heirs who- pursue a chimer
ical claim in New York are no more
foolish than the scores of American
men and women who are litigating to
get possession of estates in England,
Holland and Germany that nobody
ever saw but the lawyers. When An
drew D. White was Minister' to Berlin
he was so pestered with these silly
claims that he printed a circular to
the heirs telling them of their non
sensical waste of time and money.
The circular had no effect. "The claims
poured in upon him just the tame as
before. England is the favorite loca
tion for these fanciful estates. Every
few months we hear of a. new set of
heirs who expect to acquire enormous
wealth by contributing to fee some
enterprising' lawyer who has discov
ered their heirship to a vast ducal do
main. Investigation always sbows that
the domain exists nowhere but in the
lawyer's imagination, but every disap
pointment seems to generate sr new
and eager crop of victims. If it were
not for humbug what should we have
to make us happy? '
VENICE.
Remembering what has happened
In Belgium, people who -value the
monuments of human genius are dis
posed to worry a little over a possible
bombardment or capture of Venice
by the Austrians. Italy has gone into
the war deliberately and with her eyes
open. No doubt she is prepared to
endure the consequences equably,
whatever they may be, but the friends
of civilization in other countries can
not be expected to look on without
grief should the "Stones of Venice" be
endangered by cannon balls or the
rage of conquerors.
Not since the days of the Huns has
war been so destructive to the finy
elements in civilization as it ,is now.
Some of the belligerents have pro
claimed that "effective warfare must
destroy, the intellectual and moral -resources
of the enemy" as well as his
troops and fortresses. The monu
ments of art sustain national pride
and therefore encourage -the fighting
spirit. Kence they must go down
into ruin. The Queen of the Adriatic
is exposed to the fire of modern long
range guns on the shore and the shal
low waters of the lagoons in which
her mud flats lie hardly, protect her
from the ingenious naval attacks of
our day.
The mud flats on which Venice is
built are -formed from the detritus
carried down from the Alps by the
rivers of Northern Italy. The strong
southward current of the western
Adriatic deposits the material in long
banks parallel with the shore, leaving
canal-like straits between them
From a remote antiquity these un
stable islets have been inhabited by
fishermen who, before historic times.
lived in huts constructed of .the long
reeds that grow in the fertile mud
Toward the close of the sixth century
of the Christian era a great many in
habitants . of the mainland, fleeing
from the merciless Huns, sought
safety with the fisherfolk on the in
accessible mudflats. Rain furnished
their only water supply. Fish was the
only food obtainable except by import
Still the population increased.
Fresh incursions of the barbarians
drove new bands to shelter there. A
trade sprang up with near points on
the sea. , The immigrants gradually
amalgamated with the aboriginal fish
ermen and a political unity was
formed with a great future before it.
The turbulence which wrecked the
rest of the world in the dark ages was
favorable to the growth ef Venice.
Protected by its situation, it throve
upon the necessities of its neighbors
and founded a lasting prosperity upoji
the exchange of commodities between
the east and the west.
Apart from Its growing commerce
the early history of Venice centers
around a great struggle with Genoa
for maritime supremacy. In 1358
Venice was defeated in a terrible sea
fight by her rival, her entire fleet
taken and the city itself exposed to
capture. But the Genoese did not
push their advantage to extremes and
some thirty years later they were
brought low by their old enemy.
After 1380 for more than a century
Venice ruled the' Mediterranean and
commanded the profits of the trade
with the Orient. In 1204, during the
fourth crusade, Venice led the soldiers
of the Cross to the capture of Con
stantinople. The Doge Dandolo con
ducted a siege which ended with the
sack of the Greek capital and the
foundation of a Latin empire on the
Bosphorus. But the new monarchy
did not last long. The Greeks rapidly
recovered their power and the Vene
tians lost their golden prlze
After the crushing defeat of the
Genoese in 1380 Venice began to feel
an ambition to found an empire on
the land. Like Japan, the city longed
for territorial expansion. Ample
provinces in Northern Italy soon fell
under its ' sway and its dominion
seemed built on an enduring basts.
But foes arose on all sides, as usually
happens when a nation becomes too
powerful. The Italian cities were
Jealously hostile. The Turks gnawed
away her empire in the Levant and
the discovery of the Cape route to
India broke up her monopoly f the
Orients J trade. The climax of her
troubles came with the League of
Cambral, formed by the Pope and the
European powers in 1508, which took
away her possessions on the main
land. From that time Venice slowly de
clined. But it was in. the period of
her decline that the great artists,
Titian, Tintoret, Georgione, flourished,
so that the years of Venetian decay
were those that make th city most
interesting to the modern world. One
of the best of the numberless books
on Venice was written by the Ameri
can author, W. D. Howells. It is
called "Venetian. Life" and was pub
lished in 18S6, the year when Venice
became free from Austria and joined
fortunes with united Italy.
The resuscitation of little Emma
Williams with a pulmoter by the
Salem firemen shows what modern
methods can do for persons supposed
to be '.dead from sdrowning. Every
year many persons are buried alive
who might be resuscitated by patient,
scientific effort. - Life' Is not extinct
for hours in many victims of drown
ing accidents. It can be restored if
those' at hand will take - trouble
enough.
The Princeton class of 1915 has
chosen for its favorite literary lights
Tennyson, Dickens and Shakespeare.
Tennyson is more musical than the
author of the "Spoon River Anthol
ogy," but he is not so up to date.
College students -are supposed to have
their eyes on tl future. It is enough
if they look backward when they are
old. If our young men cling to dead
authors, who will encourage the liv
ing?
SomeVities have founded a "tooth
brush week" in the public schools.
The purpose Is to habituate the pupils
to take care of their teeth. Dr. Osier
said once that bad teeth are? more
dangerous than alcohol. The schools
have long waged war on drink. It is
pleasant to see them attacking an
other and perhaps a worse enemy to
health.
There seems to be a hoodoo on
braggart names for battleships. The
Formidable, Inflexible, . Irresistible
Triumph and Majestic have all fallen
prey to the insignificant submarine
which is distinguished only by a letter
and a- number- '
What right has Bryan to Interfere to
prevent the hanging of a number of
Mexicans in Arizona today? If the
condemned men did not deserve pun
ishment they would not get it. This
country is going mawkish mad. ,
"Goody, goody," said the little 3-
year-old son of Captain Greene, of the
Nebraskan, when informed that his
daddy was safe. Many a little 3-year-
old in other countries will not be able
to say that of his daddy.
The German Ambassador at Wash
ihgton says floating mines are harm
less when, adrift. His Admiralty neg
lects, however, to attach the fast and
loose tags so a fellow can know dan
ger when he sees it.
That gigantic Pan-American steam
ship scheme sounds good, but under
what flag would the ships sail? Pos
sibly a composite of the flags of all
American republics might be designed
for the occasion.
A man was killed by an auto the
other night while crossing the street
In the middle of the block. The in
ference is that safety lies on the cross
ing, but it is just as well to be "wary
there.
District Attorney Ivanhoe, of Union,
must have a large element of humor
in his makeup.' Learning the petition
of recall was being circulated, he re
signed. That was real spiteful venge
ance,
The girls of Jefferson High will
grow into sensible women. They
graduate this year in cotton gowns.
with wild flowers a,nd roses from the
family garden.
Villa claims a victory. Who's Villa?
Some such name did figure in the dis
patches a year ago, but it has been
pushed into obscurity by other names.
The Austrian is said to be retiring
before the Italian.' No wonder. He
does not mind being shot, but does
hate to be macaronied by a bayonet.
Governor Withycombe has the right
idea about the Fish and Game Com
mission to take money off the pay
roll and put it into fish and game.
Happy Home, in Linn County, is a
name that 'now means what it says.
The first Sunday .school In fifteen
years has been organized. -
These showers will have run off all
the rain before the cherries are big
enough to crack.
Not being a candidate. Mr. Taft- can
safely expres his real opinions about
labor unions.
Senator Langguth has the unique
distinction of having an office thrust
upon him. -
This is baseball week here, but the
weather table gets mixed with the
box score. , . '
Now, Mr. Beals, the moon changes
today. Quit, fooling. .-
Do not
drown.
swat the fly. Let him
European War Primer
By National Geographical Society.
The geography of the territories thai
Austria was willing to cede to Italy to
purchase peace, as pifblished by the
diplomats negotiating, is as follows:
Austrian proposals to Rome lnciuaw
the cession of the Southern Tyrol, or
hat paj"t chiefly populated by Italian-
speaking people, and of a strip of ter
ritory running from Tarvis to the Gulf
of Trieste. Italy was to receive thai
part of Tyrol which cuts deeply into
Northern Italy, ah outlying, irregular.
wedge-shaped land, whose apex reaches
nearly to Verona, The new interna
tional boundary was to be drawn Just
south of Bozen, giving to Italy more
than. 2000 square miles or 'lyroiese
country, wherein are the larger cities,
Trent, Rlva, Roveredo and Male.
Trentino and surrounding country
that was to be turned over to the ltal-
ans would have straightened out the
Italian northeastern frontier, bringing
the border line well into the difficult,
mountainous Alpine country of Tyrol.
This region bristles with Austrian for
tifications and almost every foot of its
way is adapted to stubborn defensive
military operations. More than 150.000
people are supported in Its valleys.
Most of these people speak the Italian
tongue and their region has long oc
cupied the fervent "lrredentlsm" of
Italian partrlots.
The proposed Austrian cession upon
the northeastern borders of Italy af
fected a strip of land, roughly 50 miles
along the border line and 10 miles
wide, or comprising somewhat more
than oOO square miles. Throughout
this territory, likewise, the Italian-
speaking population far outnumbers
that of German or Slavonic tongue.
Well-fortified hills, also, dot the north
eastern border. This additional ter
ritory-would have brought Italy to a
position upon the Gulf of Trieste, chang
ing the sheltered Austrian harbor Into
harbor whose northwestern gate
would be in the power of a powerful
neighbor.
Austria-Hungary's reason for reject-
nsr the dftmnndfl nf Italv in Raid to ha
Her view that it would have resulted
in an effective checkmating of both her
commercial and her 'political interests
on the Adriatic and the Mediterranean,
almost as thoroughly as were her
Aegean ambitions destroyed following
tne successful struggle 'of the Balkan
states with Turkey and the establish
ment of a greater Serbia. These de
mands, the dual monarchy contended,
were planned to give Italy strategic
control, naval and 'commercial, of the
Adriatic and also that their acceptance'
by Vienna would have struck a vital
blow at the monarchy's future.
as minimum concessions Italy asked
the cession of the Province of Trent, in
the Austrian Tyrol; the cession of East
ern Friueli, east to Nabrcslna; the for
mation of a state entirely independent
of Austria out of the territories Trieste
and Istrla; cession to Italy of the dom
inant islands off the lower Dalmatian
coast, Curzola. Lissa. Lesina, Rrazza
and Maleda; the abandonment of Aus
trian interests in Albania. and Austrian
acknowledgment of Italian sovereignty
over the Albanian port and great land-
locKed bay. Avlona. These conces
sions would have changed the status
of the Mediterranean- from that of an
Austro-Italian lake to that of an
Italian lake.
Such parts of the dual monarchy's
coast line as Italy would have left In
Its undisputed possession is territory
that Serbia shopes to get some day In
tne course of her natural expansion.
To meet the minimum demands ex
pressed by Rome. Austria must have
surrendered her greatest seaport,
Trieste, the New York of Southern Eu
rope, together with her principal naval
base, Pola4 at the apex of Istria. upon
whose development the dual monarchy
has Invested many millions of dollars,
and must have abandoned all hope of
tne strategic value of the Dalmatian
coast with the cession to Ita.lv of the
large slands that screen It. , Deprived
of her Adriatic seacoast, her Tnly out
let to rree water. Austria-Hungary
felt that she would finally sink to the
importance of a portless, land-bounded
Serbia.
Besides . Italy's rlvarly with Austria
for leadership upth the Mediterranean,
"irredentism" played a strong part in
the determination of her demands. "Ir
redentism" is the desire of various na
tions to bring within' their boundaries
contiguous areas inhabited by the same
race, speaking the same language and
filled with the same Ideals. "Irre
dentism", is an enthusiasm widely
spread in Europe, an enthusiasm that
has succeeded in greatly complicating
the Issues of the present war. Thus, the
Germans claim that the Baltic provinces
are German and must be reunited to
their fatherland: Roumania. with still
more reason, holds Transvlvania and
Bukowina as "unredeemed Roumania.;'
m.o icveiiii iter irom reaening
an understanding with the Germanic
powers; Bosnia and Herzegovina are
"unredeemed lands" to Serbia, while
Russia sees In Germany's Polish prov
inces Slavonic lands in Teutonic bon
dage. .
Italian irredentism affects not only
Austria but also France. The French
paid themselves for their valuable aid
to Italy's cause of unity on the field of
t-oirerino by enriching themselves with
Savoy and Nice. Thus Italian irre
dentism looks to lands and countrymen
lost to France as well as to Austria.
The Trent Province of Tyrol was de
manded of Austria by the Italians sole
ly ou the basis of unredeemed Italian
land; this land had been Italv's ami ft
was peopled by Italians who have clung
to their mother tongue. Likewise the
coastlands .around the Gulf of Trieste
and around the Istrian peninsula are
largely Inhabited, by Italian-speaking
people, though sorne of this terrltnrv
has been In Austrian ipossegsion for
centuries. Below Flume the Austrian
coastland is peopled almost exclusive
ly by Slavonic races. Co to Fiume ir.
redentism, or the movement to deliver
ienow countrymen from the rule of
strange peoples, was the mainspring
" Jia-i.an action, eeyona J) lume politi
cal and commercial rivalries dictated
tne Italian course.
Fragrant Paeonla.
PORTLAND. May 25. (To the Ed
itor.) Permit me to say a few words
in vinaication or the paconia. which
you assert, is Hike the Oriental poppy)
"all show" and without fragrance.
Doubtless you refer to the old-fash
ioned "pined" fPaeony Officinalis) of
our grandmothers" Hardens and are
proDaoiy unfamiliar with the wonder
fully improved sorts by which this has
been eclipsed In recent years, such as
i-ouone d Or, Queen Alexandra, La Tu
lips, JJuke of Wellington, Madame
.rorei and dozens or others. I do not
own zu.ooo paeonies (wish I rnnlrf'i
but am the happy possessor of a 60
foot hedge of the newer varieties all
or which are as fragrant as they are
oeaumui. ... i neir fragrance is as ex
quisite and delicate as that of the La
France rose. What could he sweeter?
MRS. F. X. LEGRAND,
607 Holly street.
Market for Herbs.
CLATSKANIE. Or.. Mav 26. (To the
Editor.) I read in The Oregonian last
Fall that many medicinal herbs could
be gathered and sold for a good price.
Will you please tell me what is the
nearest market for herbs if properly
cared for? H. K. K.
Herman Metzger, Fifteenth and
Lovejoy streets. Portland." is the only
firm' in. this city which buys medicinal
herbs on a large scale. He purchases
for sale to Eastern houses. The market
for herbs is said to be rather low at
the present time.
Gttlns; I'p Early.
Atchison Globe. I
Why do old people get up early in the
morning? They haven t much to do.
USELESS. BUT COSTLY APPEXDAGE
Why Spend Cily Money (or Meters
hrs Other Ttalnsra Are Needed r
PORTLAND. May 27. (To th Edi
tor.) There seems to be a mystery
shrouding the persistency of advocates
for the -installation of meters In the
City of Portland. If the waterworks
belong to the city, every citizen Is a
minority stockholder, and if he steals
a few thousand gallons of water he t
merely pilfering from himself, at no
cost to others, provided the assertion
Is true that has not been gainsaid, that
there is an over-supply of water, that
It costs nothing to deliver. It being done
by gravity.
According to the declaration of May
or Albee, the quantity of water now
going to waste would be sufficient to
supply the estimated growth of Port
land for many years 10 or 20. If such
is the case, why spend a large sum of
money for an unnecessary appendage
when we want many necessary ad
juncts to the city, such as auditorium,
good public markets, etc? I don't see
force in the argument that the money
that pays for the meters Is derived
from the water taxes. It matters not
from whence it is derived. It belongs
to the city and can be diverted to other
uses if the water system does not need
it. Insofar as some people are quoted
to be using the "water unnecessarily
by allowing It to run through the hose
all night over their lawns may be so.
The neighbors should inform on them.
as It is no unusual Incident- Among
the breeds of animals there are thou
sands of high-headed and proud horses,
bovines and sheep to one hog, which
should not be an excuse to increase tbe
city's Indebtedness.
In regard to domestic waste, I will
repeat ail argument I heard several
years ago relating to this question. It
was said that if families were strictly
to use only water that was absolutely
necessary for domestic purposes the
sewers would become stagnant and foul
and emit poisonous gases through man
holes and. defective plumbing that
would depopulate the city in one
month: that a plentiful supply and use
of water for all purposes in a city is
absolutely necessary for cleanliness
and sanitation and in the congested
districts a liberal use should be urged.
Some cities charge a flat rate, which
a citizen can avoid by installing a me
ter and paying for what he consumes.
had a neighbor whose water bills
were about half of what I paid. He
had a meter; I paid flat. All the water
costs the city Is interest on bonds for
the building of reservoirs and pipes.
plus deterioration, if any; after the pipe
line reaches the city the cost of water
ceases; the cost for general distribution
is to be paid by a tax on the tenants
that is maintenance and off lce'charges.
There is spigot and bunghole In cre
ating a large indebtedness to police
and deliver us our own water. It won't
pay.
If users think the flat rate is too
much, give them the privilege of in
stalling a meter at their own expense.
If the city was buying water from a
foreign corporation, as gas and elec
tricity, there would te some justifica
tion for the use of meters, or if the
water was a product, the manufacture
of which was expensive and consump
tion equal to output from day to day,
then meters would be justifiable, but
in this case it does seem to be foolish.
G. C. NEWBERRY,
737 Homer Street-
A CALL TO ARMS.
Hear the voices of those I came for.
Bleeding as I bled
How long must such things be?
And you speak In my name and lray
for me.
Came I In vain.
Can I not find a single leader in a
world of men
Are all such cowards as to need a gun?
Taught I to shoot, to stab, to kill
For brothers to reek In brothers' blood-
Commanded I such things?
There's but one way! . ,
You asked me and I told, you:
'To love one another;'
And now, will none follow In my way!
My burden is light.
If borne with love.
I care hot for your voices
As you cry: "Lord. Lord.
With greed, and hate, and rear within
your heart-
Know you not that I asked for love?
And you. in robes of black, and crosses
made of gold.
Dare nut one of you follow me?
You fear the crucifixion of my way
Yet count the slain of greed, and hate,
and fear.
There's but one way
Ty-irough love and nothing else but
love.
I loved and tried to teach you how to
love
And now I hear the cannon roar.
I came to give you love and peace.
For love and peace is life.
To arms'. Lay down your arms!
And go among my heep and teach
them love and peace!
Come join my colors, the rainbow's
colors
For I came'to save all men the world.
My countrymen
The noble, brave
Be free!
Be not afraid to die
For love!
To Mexico, to Germany, and to France,
To England, to Russia, and the world
To teach the world to follow Christ.
JULIAN V. SCOTT.
Dee. Oregon.
J
Measures on Ballot.
At present the jitney bus and auto
mobile la not subject, to regulation ex
cept such regulation as applies to all
other vehicles. They pay no city li
cense and are subject to no restrictions
regarding the carrying of passengers.
On the ballot at the city election,
June 7, Is a measure which, if passed,
will subject them to limited regula
tion. The measure was prepared by
the City Council and passed April 'I
The referendum was Invoked by Jitney
drivers.
The measure is not as stringent as
has been passed In some cities where
the Jitney has started in competition
with the streetcars. It is severe
enough, however, to be objectionable
to some of the Jitney drivers. They
object to being forced to follow a given
route and to being forced to give serv
ice durtng certain specified hours.
Following is a summary of the prin
cipal provisions of the measure;
No Jitney shall be operated without ttre
operator or owner first scurin a permit.
Application for permit must show rout to
be followed, by Jitney, seating capacity and
the schedule of trips to be made.
Kee ot -' month rharg-ed for Jitneys sest
Jng; up to seven passensrers. Twenty-five
cents a month fee extra for each additional
seat.
Council my revoke permit of Jitney owner
or 'driver for cause.
Service must bs siven dally from A. M.
to in A. M. and from t P. M. to 11 p. M
Jitneys shall mske complete lrips to end
of routes except durlnc morning and evenins
rush hours.
Bate of fare limited to S cents.
No morn passengers than seating capacity
shall be carried.
Jitneys to be inspected for meehauilral
defects that might cause accident.
Weekly fumigation of Jitneys required.
Jitneys must be lighted at night.
Jitneys shall not leaxe their routes during
operating hoars.
Bxamlnttlon of chauffeurs to determine
ability to operate car safp.ly provided.
Driver convicted of reckless driving shall
be barred from driving for one year.
Route signs must be attached permanently
to front and aides of cars.
Operation on Washington street front
Third street to Broadway prohiblted.
Twenty-Five Years Ago
From Th Oregonian of May SS, It0. '
Manager Jeff W. Hayes, of the Pa
cific Foetal Telegraph Company, has
found the Town of Linnton, one of
Portland's latest suburb, to be growing-
so. rapidly in importance that ho
has established an office at fhat
place. Will J. Llndy. a very desei-i-lnar
Portland young man, was appointed
chief of the keyboard, and took charge
of the new office yesterday.
Captain R. H. Lannon, clerk of the
t'nited States Court, who has been In
Southern California with his family
since last November, Is expected home
tomorrow.
The Board of School Directors held
an Important meeting at the office of '
the School Clerk last evening and I
elected Professor J. II. Ackerman.
principal of the Holladay School for '.
the past year, to the office of School
Superintendent..
A meeting of the Ballot Reform "
League, which the different candidates
for election were requested to attend
for the purpose of giving their ex
pression to a proposed bill draft4 hy
a committee appointed by the league
and embodying the salient features of
the Australian ballot system, was he'd
In the Masonic Hall last evening. The
meeting was called to order by C. H.
Woodard.
All the items put In the river and
harbor bill by Mr. Hermann for Oregon
went through today without a break.
Few states have fared as well as Ore
gon, and, compared to population. Ore-
ron is far ahead of all others In the
bill.
The Union Pacific wll begin imme
diately the construction of Its branch
line to Pujet Sound. It will run vis'
Vancouver, Olympia. and Taeoma to
Seattle.
Bl'8IM3SS PRIXCirLKS VIOI.ATKO
Private Enterprise Wonld Not Install
Meters If In Control.
' PORTLAND, May 27. (To the Edi
tor.) Your position on the establish
ment of meters tor waterueers t-eoms
to be undoubtedly correct. Their es
tablishment at an expense of fion.onn
or J500.000 and the continuous annual
expense of a large sum of money en
tailed each year in examining them to
ascertain the amount of water each
user consumes are. under all the cir
cumstances, an extravagance that
seems useless.
Many who have meters will be so
cautious in using water in fluxhing as
to cause an accumulation of filth and
its necessary consequence dlses se
which counterbalances all extravagance
in the use of water while It is not
measured. And with a supply that ran
easily be made sufficient from Bull
Run River to accommodate a city with
three times the present population of
Portland, it would seem to any business
man an absurdity.
It would increase the number of em
ployes of the city In so many ways that
the necessary expense would be a rret
burden upon the people. The meters
would have to be examined at stated
periods and a record kept for each con
sumer, and the collection would In
crease the burden. It would also re
quire clerks to keep a compU-te record
of each consumer and collectors to col
lect the amounts due. So private per
son would ever think of such extrava
gance, and if a business man under
similar conditions would not do so,
why should the public Impose such a
burden? W. R. 131DDLE.
300 Glenn Avenue.
SO TIME TO SADDLE MORE DEBT
Meter Advocates Could Ue Devotlnic
Knersix to Better Purpose.
PORTLAND, May 27. (To the Edi
tor.) Would It not be a far better plan
for the city if the. same advocat'-s for
an enlarged meter system should de
vote their energies towird encourag
ing something to provide employment
for the people, such as factories. In
stead of saddling them with an addi
tional tax at this particular time of
all times? For heaven's sake give the
people a chance to catch up with their
present obligatlohs before getting
them in any deeper.
We all know that we have a beauti
ful city, but there r other things to
be considered In making a municipality
permanently attractive.
Why manifest such a reckless disre
gard for the other fellow's pocketbook?
causing him to feel that the pursuit of
such policy unchecked ultimately
would lead to the confiscation of his
earthly possessions? Don't compel the
people to mortgage the future any
mote than they already have dune. For
as Longfellow said: "If thou wilt buy
a thing not needed ere long thou shalt
sell thy necessities." 15. O. CARL.
105 East Thirtieth street.
Polla May ("lose for Lunch.
r JRTLAND, May 17. (To the Edl- .
tor.) Kindly state whether or not It
In permissible to close the polls on
election day while the election board
goes to lunch?
At the last general election 1 went
to the polls. St considerable Inconven
ience to myself, and arrived there a
fi- minutes after 1 o'clock. I found ,
the board Just packlntc up their papers
to go to lunch and was positively re
fused a ballot. I tried to argue the
matter with the Judye" hut h.j would
not listen to any arguments at all;
simply staged that the law allowed them
to close up the polls for lunch and
they would only be gone an hour or so
and I could watt until they came back.
Not being a lawyer I could pot con
tradirt his statement in regard to It. '
but I have since been told by people I
who pretenil to know, that this was
a direct violation of the law that the ,
polls should be open continuously from
the time they are opened In the morn
ing until they are finally closed In the
evening.
I would be pleased to have you state
what Is the law In the case.
A VOTER.
Section 3311. Lord's Oregon Laws;
also page DSS.Laws 1913. In prescribing
the hours for opening and clofclng the
polls in all general, special and Presi
dential elections, contain the following
provision: j
"The judges In their discretion may
adjourn the polls at 1 o'clock for one
hour, proclamation of the same being
made, but the judges und clerks shall
keep together, and at no time t-h!l
more than one of them be out of the
presence of the others. "
At a Prayer Meeting.
The S. U. O. sign is seldom displayed
at prayer meeting.
Plain Facts for
Retailers
From every manufacturer's sales
men you hear about National ad
vertising. Yet the only kind of advertising
that can interest ou Is the kind
that reaches the people of this city.
They are your customers.
You know that, they read the
newspapers and that if the manu
facturers ub the newspapers your
customers will be Interested.
Tell them, if they want your In
terest and co-operation, to do their
advertising In the newspaper of
your city.
r