6
TTIE 3IORXING OREGOXIAN. TUESDAY, MAY 4. 1015
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IXOKTLAND, TIEWOAY. MAY 4, 1915.
FAIR WARNING.
J.T, The Springfield Republican, which
3s not a. Republican newspaper, thinks
"tno much is being taken for granted
titbout a Republican victory next year
Xaud issues a warning that if the re
arUonarics control the organization
laud the nomination, the Democrats
XJi'Hl win easily. The Republican notes
-"hat a definito recession from pro
Ziixessivism has taken place in the leg
islation of "various states New York,
Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Colorado,
"Ohio and Connecticut and suggests
Jfhat the party which feels sure of suc
cess too soon forgets the people.
IV Senator Borah has issued the same
warning, and Theodore Roosevelt has
; made it clear that the Republican
,;H&j-ty need not expect his support if
tt follows the leadership of the old
atiine bosses.
"'' The great error made by Mr. Roose
velt and his followers in 1912 was in
abandoning the struggle then all but
won to make the Republican party
progressive, and in. trying to kill it,
and form a new party on its ruius. II
Roosevelt had remained in the party
even while protesting against its ac
tions, who can doubt that today he
would have been invincible within the
party and before the Nation?
" '- The Republican overlooked Indiana
In its accounting of backward and
boss-ridden Legislatures. Can a Leg
islnture dominated by Boss Taggart
S ibe any more progressive than a Legis-
Mature, such as New York's, controlled
I Tby Charles S. "Whitman, or Wiscon-
Rein's, controlled by heaven knows
whom ?
Where the Republican party stands
I rill be shown by the platform and
"the candidate in 1916. We fancy that
I iBoss Penrose and Boss Barnes "Will
"have as little to say in the Republican
icational Convention as Boss Murphy,
i '.Boss Taggart and Boss Sullivan will
J tiave in the National Democratic con
r vention. Or less.
i THE COLONEL AND THE BOSS.
f l In his effort to discredit Colonel
Roosevelt, William Barnes has merely
t proved what close observers of the
j Colonel's career have believed all along
that the Colonel deferred to bosses
' o far as was necessary to accomplish
' Ills main purpose. He desired enact-
inent of certain laws In the interest of
the people. Senator Piatt was loath
to have those laws enacted, but in
'.' 'order to maintain his organization he
; must obtain certain offices for his
satellities and must avoid an open
Jyreach In his party. The Colonel, as
i Governor of New York, gave the Sen--(
ator the offices, provided they were
; Jiot filled by men of too objectionable
1 character, and the Senator aided him
o procure the laws which were to
tuild up. his reputation as a zealous
, public servant and thus to promote
' iiia ambition for yet higher office.
As time went on and as Colonel
. Koosevelt acquired political power in
; Bependent of the bosses, he gradually
- thook himself free from them. To him
. they were mere means to an end.
; When they had served that end and
when they were not only unnecessary
but were a positive hindrance in gain
J Jng his further ends, he threw them
aside. When he could better gain his
I ends by fighting them, he fought and
denounced them. It is the old story
;f a man kicking away the ladder by
hich he has climbed.
J This view of Roosevelt's relations
J Ti ith the bosses goes far to explain
Jfcoosevelt's opinion that Hughes had
l'wantonly behaved badly to the very
-men who did most in securing his
5,aIection." Their methods were dif'
Terent. Roosevelt placated the bosses
rwith offices, desiring to use them In
furthering his, ambition. Hughes
Jgave them nothing, but organized a
popular revolt against them, thereby
learning their enmity and forfeiting
JTheir aid in winning further honors.
The difference between, the men prob
(ably was that Roosevelt desired
;j'tirther honors, but Hughes did not.
Hughes sought and accepted a second
'term only to complete the work of his
llvst term. He did not desire to be
i (jovernor again on terms which would
prevent his completing that work. As
for further honors he seems not to
Diave thought of them. If they came
without a string hold by a boss, well
8iid good, but he did not seek them.
Colonel Roosevelt traded with the
bosses not because he was willing to
the their man, but from political ex
pediency. His temperament is such
tliat he chafed at the restraint he
j.iua put upon himself, he drove hard
bargains, kept Piatt on the anxious
eat and occasionally "blew up."
"Hence Piatt's desire to sidetrack him
; into the Vioe-presidency. Even had
- McKinley lived, it Is doubtful whether
) the ' Colonel would have remained on
I the sidetrack. We might have had the
exhilarating spectacle of a sidetracked
train passing, of its own momentum,
onto the mainA track and running
'. away eight years . sooner than an
't event of that kind actually happened.
Sir. Barnes has not materially in-
Jurcd the Colonel's reputation, for he
( lias only proved what was. In general,
, known already, and the Colonel's polit
I leal life Is all behind him. Colonel
Roosevelt, however, has proved in
i court damning facts which had been
' regarded only as campaign charges,
i Mr. Barnes may be presumed to have
' ambition to remain a boss, and the
- proof furnished b.V the Colonel may
bo far to destroy his power, for fol
lowers drop away from a discredited
boss. Thus Mr. Barnes has seriously
injured himself, but has done little in
Jury to the Colonel.
Lord Haldane foretells the speedy
reorganization of the world so that
"no nation will be permitted to go to
war." An individual who feels him
self -wronged must peek his remedy in
.court. He is not allowed to fight for
It. Lord Haldane thinks nations will
soon be brought under the same rule.
Sensible people the , world over ex
claim "the sooner the better."
THK MORAL OF A Ml'RDER.
Had not misguided mercy pardoned
George M. Myers, when he was con
fined to the Oregon penitentiary for
the murder of Policeman Eckhart at
Salem, he would not have had the op
portunity to murder Mrs. Thorn at
San Francisco, and Mrs. Thorn would
In all human probability have been
alive today. Laxity of Oregon in en
forcing laws for the punishment of
crime really murdered Mrs. Thorn.
Herein lies the most convincing ar
gument ' against abolition of capital
punishment for willful murderers.
Advocates of the death penalty are
met with the plea that life imprison
ment is as effectual as hanging in pre
venting a murderer from committing
another murder, but In practice there
is no such penalty In Oregon as life
imprisonment. Even the formality of
fixing such a sentence is rare, and
hardly docs a term of imprisonment
begin before a criminal's friends
begin pleading with the Gov
ernor for pardon and sooner or later
they prevail. His sentence, really
means imprisonment until he is par
doned. He is then set free, with the
thought in his mind that murder is
after all regarded as a mild crime.
Like a tiger which, having tasted hu
man blood, becomes a man-cater, such
a man has acquired an appetite for
murder. From having killed once, he
is the more likely to kill again and
the probability is increased by len
iency.
That is the explanation of Myers"
second crime. The sole source of sat
isfaction is that by committing sui
cide he deprived California of the op
portunity to repeat Oregon's blunder.
THE LAXI FOB THE PEOl-I.E.
The sole plea of the Government in
the railroad land grant litigation is
now for complete forfeiture, although
at one time it suggested alternative
measures of relief. Complete forfeit
ure means that the 4,000.000 acres
would not be subject to entry or sale
or use unless Congress so ordered. In
all likelihood it-would be established
as part of the permanent reserves.
The sole plea of the railroad com
pany is for confirmation of its title.
which means liberty to administer the
lands as it sees fit. Assuming that it
had full authority over the lands, the
railroad company in the past has re
fused to dispose of them.
The decree asked by the Govern
ment "would mean the indefinite re
moval from the tax rolls of the entire
grant and refusal to permit its settle
ment arid development.
The decree asked by the railroad
would permit taxation, but would in
definitely withhold the grant from
use.
Because the land lies in alternate
sections its reservation by either Gov
ernment or railroad would deny to the
alternate ..sections not in the grant
their fullest development, for no town
ship can properly grow when every
other section therein is maintained as.
a wilderness.
Roughly speaking there are 20,000,
000 acres of land in Western Oregon.
The reservation of the railroad grant
would mean actual disuse of 4,000,000
acres and partial disuse of as much
more. The case thus involves 40 per
cent of Western Oregon, a half mil
lion dollars a year in immediate taxes
and the welfare of the entire state.
The desire of the State of Oregon
as expressed through its Legislature 13
that the grant be thrown open on
terms that will insure its settlement.
That is the best interest of the State
of Oregon which the Attorney-General
was Instructed to -serve. It matters
little whether the J2.50 per acre
charged actual settlers for the land
goes to railroad or Government. The
land for the people is our need. The
Legislature did right.
ONE WHO APPRECIATES NIETZSCHE.
An essay on Nietzsche published in
Life for April 29 has one shining
merit if not more. The author con
fesses to start with that he knows
nothing about the philosopher whom
he has undertaken to discuss. If other
writers on. similar topics would be as
frank the gain for morality would be
considerable. "We haven't read any
thing of Nietzsche's and we never
mean to," says this engaging student
of philosophy. "But we thoroughly
believe in him," he adds still more
engagingly.
This gentleman does not differ
much from the rest of us at bottom.
Comparatively few people have ever
read the articles of faith which they
believe In most profoundly and the
less they understand of them the bet
ter for their peace of mind. Ecclesi
astical authorities have seldom en
couraged much prying into the mys
teries which they preside over. A
modest ignorance such as the writer
in Life professes concerning his hero
and the hero's doctrines is far pref
erable to overmuch understanding.
Perhaps if Life's contributor knew a
little about Nietzsche his trust in the
philosopher would diminish.
At present his trust is admirably in
elusive. He believes that Nietzsche
"brought on the war, invented earth
quakes, paved the way for the Berg
son cult and invented the gyroscope.
the shoot the shoots, Mary Pickford
Lloyd George and the superman." It
would be a pity if increased knowl
edge should diminish his childlike and
beautiful faith, as it is so apt to do
in other cases.
"LENA BIVERS."
"Lena Rivers" was probably Mrs
Mary J. Holmes' best story, though
"Tempest and Sunshine" made a good
second to it. Her favorite ground for
fiction was Kentucky before the war,
when the negroes flourished on the
estates of mint-julep-loving masters
and everybody was happy but the
heroine of the novel. Her griefs were
poignant while they lasted, but, hap
pily, they were transient. Mrs. Holmes
never allowed a story to close with
out bringing her suffering heroine to
the summit of terrestrial bliss and
sending the villain where he richb1
deserved to go. Her villains were of
the thorough-going sort, black
through and through, with not a-ray
of virtue to lighten their gloomy de"
pravlty.
There was a time, forty years ago
or so, when Mary J. Holmes was one
of tho best-beloved story writers in
the country. She ranked with
Augusta J. Evans in popular favor,
but her. audience may have been a
trifle less intellectual than that ol
the author of "Beulah" and "St,
Elmo." The latter took a good deal
of pride In her learning, or what
passed for learning with her readers.
The truth-seeking hero of "St.
Elmo" made himself, and incidentally
the readers of the story, deeply fa
miliar with the Talmud, Spinoza's
writings and most of the other great
philosophical works of the world be
fore he finally settled the question of
Christian evidences and decided to be
come a minister. There never was a
time, probably, when so many cooks
and milliners' were adepts in philos
ophy as during the vogue of "St.
Elmo" and Mrs. Evans' other erudite
novels.
Mrs. Holmes, on the other hand.
was frankly romantic and made small
pretenses to erudition of any sort. Her
tales are simple, pathetic and cheer
ful. They invariably end Just as sym
pathetic readers desire, distributing
poetic justice with a liberal hand to all
the characters, good and bad alike.
They are still liked by large numbers
of people and the revival of "Lena
Rivers" as a play will pleasantly re
call to multitudes who have not
opened one of Mrs. Holmes books for
years a story which is wholly innocent
and more than commonly interesting.
ONE FAVORITE SON ELIMINATED
Governor 'Whitman, of New' York,
has proved not big enough for his job.
At the time of his election he was
the hope of the progressives, both
within and without the Republican
party. He could have made such a
fight against reactionary control of
the Legislature as Governor Hughes
made and could have rallied the peo
ple to him as Governor Hughes did.
He might and could have become a
strong contender for the Presidential
nomination next year.
But he was not equal to the occa
sion. The Legislature has dashed all
the high hopes that were entertained
of it, and he has said and done noth-
ng to restrain it. It is taken by many
to express the spirit, of the Repub
lican party, not only In New York but
n the whole Nation. Mr. Whitman
s now rejected by progressives as a
reactionary and by reactionaries as a
leader who has lost his popularity.
How he failed the New York Tribune
tells in this fashion:
All over the state thousands of vounc men.
Republicans and Progressives alike, careless
of party ties and party leadership, were
ready and eaer to rally to a man who would
utter one word of command, stive one sign
or the power to lead, of tlio will to fieht.
From the executive mansion to the Vvhtle
House the path on January 1 ran clear and
straight.
But to all this Governor Whitman was
blind. When the situation required courage
he could only resort to cunning:. When his
party criea out tor leadership ne could not
make up his mind whom to follow. When
the state demanded an executive he could
only be a candidate.
That is not the kind of man the Re
publican party seeks for a leader in
1916. He was big enough to be a
good prosecutor of criminals, but is
not big enough to be Governor of New
York. Hence he is of far too small
caliber to be President of the United
States.
Ol'R INEFKICJuE'NT NAVY.
Ex-Secretary of the Navy Meyer
abundantly proves that Secretary
Daniels' self-congratulations on the
condition of the Navy are without
cause. He shows that we ' not only
fail to build new ships fast enough
to bring our battle fleet up to the re
quired standard of safety, but we also
fail to replace outdated ships with
new ships. Thus our Navy is actually
going backward In strength. We also
fail to build ships which are proved
necessary by the latest developments
In naval warfare. Our fastest ship
could have been run down by the
Bluecher, which was overtaken and
sunk by faster British ships.
The fundamental vice in the man
agement of our Navy is that we have
no defined policy of naval construc
tion, to which Congress adheres year
after year without regard to changes
of Administration and from which
Congress varies only in accordance
with new developments and new dis
coveries. The Navy has to be content
with what it can squeeze out of Con
gress, which doles out money with a
niggard hand and imagines it is prac
ticing economy. Great Britain and
Germany map out a programme cov
ering several years and follow it out.
When a sh,ip reaches the age limit. It
is no longer counted as an effective
unit, and a new ship is built to replace
it. Thus their navies are kept up to
the standard of strength which has
been adopted as necessary to the Na
tion's safety.
Congress no sooner receives the
recommendations of the Secretary
than it proceeds to pare them down.
though that official has already pared
down the recommendations of the
General Board, which is the best judge
of the Navy's needs and which is
swayed by no other consideration, po
litical or otherwise. When It has
voted money for two or three battle
ships, a few submarines and destroy
ers', it thinks it has been generous,
and it Ignores all requests for cruis
ers, gunboats, transports, supply ships,
fuel ships and tenders. Yet a navy, in
order to be efficient, must be well
proportioned in all its parts. A bat
tleship is no use . without men to op
erate it. but Congress does not in
crease personnel when it adds ships.
Battleships are handicapped without
scout cruisers 'to seek out the enemy
and report his whereabouts, and to
clear the sea of small hostile craft,
but no cruisers have been provided
for eleven years, and we are, accord
ing to the General Board, "peculiarly
lacking in this element."
Thanks to the efficiency of the Ger
man submarines, mine-layers, destroy
ers, gunboats and monitors, the Ger
man coast has enjoyed immunity from
attack, notwithstanding the over
whelming naval superiority of the
allies. Yet we have only one mine
layer, . many of our submarines are-
antiquated and the same statement is
true of our gunboats. Congress awak
ened to our need of submarines, but
it cut down the number of destroyers
and allowed no gunboats. With sev
eral times as much coast line to de
fend, we have far less facilities for
its defense than has Germany.
When Congress is asked for auxil
iaries, such as tenders, transports.
hospital, supply and fuel ships, it acts
as though these were the greatest lux
uries. Yet a fleet is powerless with
out them. Submarines and destroyers
cannot operate without tenders to sup
ply them with fuel, food and ammuni
tion. Much discussion has arisen as
to how German submarines are sup
plied In British waters, and it has been
suggested that tenders flying neutral
flags sink supplies to the feed of the
sea in shallow waters, where EiibmS
rines submerge and pick them up-.
Destroyers cannot navigate for any
length of time at a distance from their
base unless they have a tender. A
battleship without fuel is as useless as
an automobile without gasoline, nor
can it fight unless supplied with food
for its crew and ammunition for its
guns. 'Yet Congress continues to vote
battleships without voting ships to
carry the wherewithal for feeding the
crew, the fires or the guns. Mr. Dan
iels did squeeze money for one fuel
ship out of its tight fist, though the
General Board asked for two, but it
ignored all other recommendations
for auxiliaries.
Whatever excuse may be made for
leaving deficiencies in our land forces
to be made up after hostilities begin,
there is absolutely no excuse for such
remissness with the Navy. The Navy
is our first line of defense. It would
be called upon to strike and to re
ceive the first blows immediately after
a declaration of war. There would
be no time to prepare; the Navy must
be ready . to act on the instant.
Cruisers and destroyers must go out
to discover the enemy's fleet, and
must be closely followed by tenders
and supply ships, that they may re
main at sea for a long period.. The
battle fleet must have its full comple
ment of trained men, its bunkers full
of coal or its tanks full of oil, its holds
full of supplies and ammunition. Sup
ply, fuel and hospital ships must be
ready to accompany it, for it cannot
suspend hostilities to return to its
base. When the word comes to strike,
it must go to sea and strike. If the
enemy strikes first, it must be ready
to strike back instantly, but we should
strike first, for we then have the
choice of time, place and circum
stance, an axiom of war being that an
offensive Is the best defensive move.
It has been abundantly revealed
that not even our first line of defense
our Navy is adequate or efficient.
Our Army, which is our second line, is
still more inadequate, as has also been
proved, and, having no Army reserve,
we have nq third line. The deficien
cies' of our land forces render it the
more imperatively necessary that our
sea forces be brought up to the high
est state of strength and efficiency.
That done, we might, in case of threat
ened Invasion, gain time to organize
our land forces by a vigorous defense
at sea.
Since the new Danish constitution
gives women full national suffrage we
nay expect to see "the home" speed
ly broken up in that unhappy coun
try. The women will all become
homely, masculine and forward and
the men will lose their chivalry. Such
are the inescapable consequences of
woman suffrage according to the
antis. It is well known that not a
solitary home, survives the deluge in
either Oregon or Washington.
The Canadian troops are said to
have fought with incredible heroism
at the battle of Ypres. The Independ
ent recounts their valor jubilantly and
exclaims with pride that they "are
our near relatives." Everybody likes
to be first cousin to a good fighter.
especially if he is amicably disposed.
The 3000-mile frontier without forts
or soldiers speaks very well for the
peaceable qualities both of our neigh
bors and ourselves.
"Farmer" Smith, of the O.-W. R. &
N., says the country home should have
all the comforts and conveniences of
the city home. Granted; but by the
time the farmer is able to have all
these, or thinks he is able, the chil
dren are grown and gone and the old
folks sell and move into town. The
comforts and conveniences", are for
field and barn first and the home
suffers.
The "war" between the wood deal
ers and the city will draw no tears
from neutrals. The longer it continues
the lower prices will fall and the more
householders will smile. This war
means blazing fires next Winter, com
fort for grandma and warm feet for
the children. We hope no Peace So
ciety will interfere' with it.
Omaha has a city election today to
choose a Mayor and Commissioners.
Mayor Dahlman, has served three
terms, nine years, and it is expected
will be re-elected. Omaha is one of
the few large cities that believe in
keeping a good man in office. The
idea is well-founded and all needed is
to get the right man.
Tammany is making arrangements
to move Into a new building farther
up town. Its present quarters are on
Fourteenth street. The new ones will
be above Forty-second street. Quite
a jump. If the society Improves in
morals a degree for every block it
moves it will become fairly saintly in
its new home.
Those 68 German warships which
were seen by a merchant captain in
the North Sea must have been the
mosquito fleet, two units of which
were . sunk by British destroyers to
avenge one of their number sunk by
a submarine.
The gillnet fishermen cannot work
every night in the year, but when he
does he makes money too big to be
classed as wages or salary. The man
who took in seven tons of salmon the
other night is an instance.
One of the newest patrolmen neg
lected to put on his nasal silencer and
the sergeant trailed the scent of the
snore to a garage. That is where the
officer on a suburban beat has the
advantage.
One does not have to believe that
hailstones as big as baseballs fell in
Missouri Sunday. The Missourians
might leave a little to the Imagina
tion. When the Queen of England enter
tains a couple of card sharpers un
awares, we can conceive how the war
has mixed the classes in Europe.
The story of how the English flirt
settled matters with the survivors of
the six Tommies she sent to the front
would make an interesting sequel.
The passage of the navy of peace
up the Columbia River is the only
kind of naval victory the Pacific
Northwest desires.
An American flag seems to be in
distinguishable from the Union Jack
when seen by a German submarine in
British waters.
Germany holds more than a mil
lion prisoners and would be glad of a
million more.
Young Sayre cried at his christen
ing and that will offset the hoodoo ,n
the name.
Portland has queens who for charm
will match any in the old world.
The Iron ring stands for patriotism
and humanity.
Did you have a clean-up shave this
morning?
Get your flytrap at once.
Twenty-Five Years Ago
From The Oresonian, May 4, .1890.
Washington Senator James R. Beck,
of Jventutcky, dropped dead at the Bal- I
timore and Potomac station yesterday.
He had just arrived from New York,
accompanied by his daughter, rs.
Uoodloe.
London Mr. McAllister. of Dumbar
ton, is building; for Robert Wylie, of
the Clyde Yacht Club, a 23-foot yacht
to be called the Volunteer. It is to be
fitted with a centerboard. It is not
designed especially for racing, but may
go to New York for the races.
Washington Representative Her
mann, of Oregon, in a controversy with
Representative Cannon, of the appro
priations committee, over the appro
priation for Oregon, scored the Admin
istration for its system of. false econ
omy. The Northwest postoffice facili
ties were held to be far short of the
public demand.
The Oregonian this morning has a
front-page illustrated article on tho
growth of one of Portland's important
industries, the Hogan & Speddy har
ness and saddlery factory, tffe most
complete establishment of its kind on
the Coast.
Salem John A. Goier. of Pendleton,
A. I. Gates, of Oreton, and H. W.
Hicks, of Portland, were appointed
notaries public yesterday. Thomas W.
Folsom, of New York, was named
Commissioner of Deeds for Oregon.
It has been three or four years since
R. S. Perkins assumed charge of the
Holton House, and, although in that
time Mr. Holton has had no connection
with the house, Mr. Perkins has re
tained the name as the Holton House.
A reporter discovered yesterday that
just now steps are being taken to
change the name of the Hotel Perkins
Arthur Perkins will continue as man
ager. James Stevenson, the Colorado min
ing expert who is associated with E.
Quackenbush, A. M. Cornelius and oth
ers in mines in Grant County, is in
the city for a few tlays.
MAIL. SERVICE! ROT SATISFACTORY
Eagle Valley and Sparta IMntrlct to
Send la w Petition.
RICHLAND. Or., May 1. (To the
Editor.) For over B0 years a mail
service was operated between Eagle
Valley and Baker, serving Sparta and
other small places along the line, a
distance of 45 miles. About a year ago
the line was shortened so that it ex
tends from Baker to Sparta only. An
Sparta is but ten milea from Eagle
Valley, nearly all the trading up to
that time was done at New Bridge and
Richland; since the mail route was
changed the greater portion is done at
Baker and through the mail order
houses.
The mail service, as now established.
means that a letter mailed from Eagle
Valley addressed to Sparta must first
go to Robinette, a distance of It miles
thence to Huntington, over 45 miles;
thence to Baker, another 45 miles; then
to hparta,- over 30 miles farther.
Numerous petitions have been sent
to the Postoffice Department asking
that the old service be established, but
no attention has been paid to them, in
spite of the fact that the Government
is paying more for the new service
than for the old.
The Eagle Valley News, published at
Richland, in Eagle Valley, recently ran
a series of articles in its columns set
ting forth facts and figures as to why
the present service is a detriment to
the country and works a hardship on
the settlers in the Sparta district, and
I herewith give a synopsis of some of
the facts set forth therein: ,
Fifty years ago Eagle Valley could
boast of only one postoffice, now there
are two. Sparta then was only a small
mining camp, but at present, besides
its mining interests, has -become the
center of one of the moat rapidly
growing agricultural communities in
Baker Kounty. The Government sent a
representative out to investigate the
star route service between Baker,
Keating, Sparta, New Bridge, Richland
and Robinette, but the report must
have been very perfunctory and
diametrically at variance with indus
trial conditions and the petitions sub
mitted to the department. It is raid
that the "investigation report" stated
that there was not "more than three
families between Sparta and New
Bridge who would be benefited: the
roads rough, rocky and difficult to
travel.' As a matter of fact there are
20 to 25 families on and near the mail
route as traveled between these two
points, and new settlers are locating on
vacant land rapidly. As to the roads,
automobiles have traveled them every
month the present year, though, of
course, not as common in January as
in- other months. The contract for the
service between Sparta and Eagle Val
ley can be let for J1000 per annum,
which is very reasonable anu less per
mile than for other contracts in this
county.
Another petition is being circulated
which will be sent to the Honorable
Fourth Assistant Postmaster-General,
M. M. McLain, which department has
the letting of all postal routes, their
extensions, etc.,. and it is hoped that
the citizens will be more fortunate this
time and the old route will be re-estab
lished. T.
Ithlnehart Family Reunion.
JACKSONVILLE. Or., April 2T.
(To the Editor.) 1 understand there ia
a gathering of Rhinebarts each year
in Oregon. W ill you kindly publish
some information about them and
where they meet this summer and to
whom to report. I think Mrs. Rhine
hart and I are entitled to be among
them as we landed in San Francisco,
Cal., May 27. 1860. via the Isthmus,
We left New York May 5, 1860, and
were twenty-two and a half days on
the way, on the Northern Light on the
Atlantic and the John L. btevens on
this side.
.1. B. RHINEHART
The meeting of the members of the
Rhinehart Family, which Is an annual
eventamong the people of that name
in the Northwest, wfll be held this
year at Salem in June. The gather
ing will start about the fifteenth of
that month and last for five days,
those attending camping out together
during that period.
T. A. Rhinehart, of Salem. pronI
nent member of the family, will have
charge of the entertainment. This
will consist of addresses, and pro
grammes of a varied character. It
is expected that about 73 members of
the family from Oregon, Washington
and Idaho will be present.
Hu Irr Are Covslas.
PORTLAND, May S. (To the Ed
Itor.) Kindly inform me if King
George of England is any relation to
the Emperor of Germany and if so
what? IS. C. r l'LTZ,
They are cousins. Emperor Will
iam's mother. Princess Victoria, was
Queen Victoria's daughter. Queen Vic
toria was the mother of King George's
father, Edward VII.
V-n With Tiro Trade.
Tuck.
Willis How is your son dolnu thei-e
days? Gillls Fine! He goes over to
Swampburs: two evening a week and
pulls out $150 for teaching the new
dances. Then, rt course, he gets hi
$1.!5 every day from the street clean
ing department.
JUST POWER! OF (iOVEHA.MEST
America Aeruea of Not' Almn Gain
lux Comseat of Governed.
PORTLAND. May 3. (To the Edi
tor.) In an editorial comment upon the
women's peace conference you have had
occasion, again to refer to what you are
pleased to term the American prin
ciple that governments derive their
just powers from the consent of the
governed, etc. I suppose that this is
so, since Thomas Jefferson inserted it
in the Declaration of Independence, but,
nevertheless. It is a statement that calls
for explanation when applied to prac
tical American affairs.
Did the white races of Europe aslc
the consent of the native inhabitants
of America when they took possession
of their country and proceeded to ex
terminate them"
Did the American colonies ask con
sent of the French inhabitants of
Canada when they aided Orcat Britain
in tho conquest of that country?
Did the United states consult the
wishes of the French inhabitants of
Ixjulsiana when they took possession
of that territory, or did they not trade
for it and Its people with Napoleon
an settle upon a cash basis?
Did the United States obtain the
consent of the native inhabitants when
they annexed what now are Oklalioma,
New Mexico, Arizona. Nevada and Cali
fornia after a successful war of con
quest? What about our Civil War? Did not
the Southern people unanimously voice
their wishes as to Government in leg
islative assembly and on battlefield and
were not their wishes ignored when
they were beaten prostrate and forced
to submit to a Government most hu
miliating to them?
The people of the United States are
hardly in a position to cry out in
righteous indignation at the treatment
accorded to Alsace and Lorraine or any
similar foreign episode. Like every
other nation known to history, the
United States came into being through
the medium of war amid the din and
tumult of battle. American independ
ence was won not by the ballot-box
but by the Army. Like every other na.
tion of size and consequence, the United
States has nourished its growth upon
the spoils of combat and therefore.
when we are disposed to speak of
the "consent of the governed"' as an
American principle, we would do well
to remember that in all our land then
is scarcely an acre that has not. at
one time or another, in one way or
another, been wrested by force of arms
from an unwilling people.
lour Intimation that democracy Is a
cure of war is not borne out by
recorded history. Your support of the
criticism directed against professional
diplomacy speaks its own condemnation.
for, if the editor of a great newspaper
can so far overlook the basl funda
mental forces that brought about the
present war as to consider it merely
the result of the machinations of
designing statesmen, it is hardly
probable that a popular referendum
would furnish a satisfactory solution to
the deep and complex problems of in
ternational relationship.
As lor the foolish women now as
sembled at The Haeue, they have
already received more notice than they
deserve. However worthy their
motives, they can accomplish nothing
and they are only less ridiculous than
the men and newspapers who accord to
their hysteria serious consideration.-
DENNIS C. PILLSBCRY.
The principle of the consent of the
governed ia an ideal at which the
American people have aimed and to the
realization of which they have mad
a closer approach than any other na
tion. They never professed to apply it
to savages like the Indians, nor did
they admit the right of a few wander
ing bands of savages to keep a whole
continent as a preserve in which to
hunt wild beasts and. each other. There
is a higher right that of the human
race to cultivate the earth and enjoy
its fruits. The same right Justifies
our other acquisitions.
Consent of the governed must neces
sarily be the decision of the majority,
which was disputed by the South in
tho Civil War.
The South disputed that decision and
the North upheld the principle by up
holding the decision. .
Secret diplomacy certainly was the
immediate cause of the war, though
the primary cause must be sought for
deeper. We never proposed such an
absurdity as a popular referendum on
diplomatic questions. In his haste to
criticise, Mr. Pillsbury has not read
our. article correctly.
It ill becomes any man to speak with
flippant contempt of a body of women
at whose head stands so noble and
so wise a woman as Jane Addams. If
all their words and acta thould not be
wise, their sorrows should exempt them
from the flings of one who assumes
that news which falls to meet his ap
proval will interest nobody.
Auto Drivers To Care Iran.
PORTLAND, May 3. (To the Ed
itor.) In The Oregonian Monday you
gave account of several being killed
outright and many maimed for life by
automobiles running wild on the streets
of the city. It is time that a halt wan
called on tho average driver. As I
understand it the highest courts of the
land have decided that the pedestrian
has first rights on all street crossings.
If this is correct, why are not the
great host of men, women and children
protected in that rlsht?
This morning, at Third and Morrison,
a streetcar came around the corner and
directly behind it came three auto
close up, blocking all foot travel. I am
not a kicker against autos, as I have
owned one. but they must be ker
within their rights and the persons
who are walking must not he slaugh
tered right and left by some driver who
thinks lie is the whole thing and is
backed up by supposed law.
One thing is certain: If the larcre
clas.4 of citizens tiiat walk the streets
are not shown more consideration In
the near future, tbere will be n inw
passed to compel these auto drivers to
keep within five miles per hour.
MRS. ED CRAIO.
War Hops In Re-erf
PORTLAND, May 2. (To the Editor.)
Kindly inform me of the different
elements contained in hops, which are
used in connection with beer brewing.
J. HANSTEDT.
Lupulln and tannin, but lupulin Ir
the more necessary beer ingredient. It
is a yellowish, resinous, aromatic sub
stance, which not only imparts most of
the bitter flavor to beer, but contains
preservative resins which are unfavor
able to the growth of lactic ferments
but not to the true yeast of beer. Hops
both flavor and preserve beer.
Free Medical Advler.
PORTLAND. May t. (To the Editor.)
I am a widow trying to rear two
small children and as the youngest has
enlarged tonsils and coughs all tho
time I would like to ask if there is any
place to have his throat treated. I sm
not able to pay a doctor bill. I fear
this little one has adepoids. but h.ive
no wsy of finding out. He is 4.
AN ANXIOUS MOTHER.
Yes. Apply to County Physician Dr.
E. F. Geary, Selling building, city, or
direct to Multnomah County Hospital.
They Most Keen Domestics.
Houston (Texas) Post.
"Do you keep any servants'.'" "No. of
course not." "Hut I thought I saw
one in your kitchen?" "Oh, we have
servants on the premises a day or two
at a time; but we don't keep them."
Half a Century Ago
From The Oregon. an. May 4. H65.
We have become so ui-cd to hearing
croakers announce that the National
debt amounts to 4..u(MiOU.n'0 that wo
are surprised to read tho figures fur
nished by Secretary Feesendcil to tho
committee on wad and mentis bringing
matters down to .late. Tho whole
amount of debt and olliCHtton out
standing footed up at les than f2.20 -000.000.
of which les timil S 1. TOO. 000, 000
is bearing Interest, tne wnoie intrrcM.
amounting to about 9;:,ooo.ooo per an
num. This is a statement in brief of
the National finance from which there
cannot be much variation at tmx time.
The present- amount of our debt is
scarce more than half the sum of tho
National debt of Great Britain, wh'lo
the ultimate resources and recuperativ.j
powers of the United Slates will niaitu
Its prosperity and ability to cxtinBTUisli
tills incumbrance a thing of caster ac
complishment than with any other na
tion on earth.
victoria. i. i ii e mirt in w
seinbiy of Vancouver Island adopted tl.e
Following resolution on jiiuibu.ij, "i""
20 :
"Resolved, That tliiH house, taking
into consideration tlie 3 real calamity
wnn-n nan neianen tne tniie riaira
and tho rest of the world in the aas-
siiia-Lion ot juraiiaiu i.i.it:.iii, uven -
Journ until tomorrow as a mark of re
spect to the memory of the great de
parted, the thief of a Nation connected
by the nearest ties with our own and
glorying in tho same orlKln, the same .
traditions and the same freedom."
Washington For reducing expensea
of the military establishment the War
Department has ordered cifiefs of the
respect ive busines.-es of the department
to proceed immediately to reduce tho
cost of operation in their respective bu
reaus to what Is absolutely necessary,
in view of the immediate reduction of
the forces in the Held and Garrisons and
the speedy termination of hostilities.
James N. Oillman and family, of this
city, take their departure for the Eat
this evening by the steamer Oregon, In
tending to be absent in Massachusetts
and other parts of New England for a
few monthw. Mr. Gillman Is what may
be denominated a Forty-niner, and one
of the original steamboat men of tho
raclflo side.
On Saturday we leisurely took a stroll
into on of our favorite resorts n,nd
found Mr. Dalton had quite improved
the place since our last visit by bepa
rating the geese and birds of the mu
seum from his gentlemen and ladles of
the gallery.
Hay & Wallaco yesterday shipped r.
number of very large wagons for the
milling freight trade from their manu
factory on Front street, which were
attached in one train, makinir a very
handsome appearance and speaking vol
umes in favor of our home tucchaiiH-ji.
Wells, Fargo & Co. have recently Im
ported a line truck from San Francisco,
which made its first appearance on the
street yesterday. It is well finished,
with four wheels, and is calculated for
one horse. It is capable of hearing two
and a half tons, and cost J460.
The little hearts of scholars In tho
East Portland schools hounded with
Joy as they disported themselves in
May day festivities.
A proclamation has been issued by
the War Department declaring that all
persons who have deserted tho military
or naval service of the United States
who have not returned to service within
CO . days shall have relinquished all
rights to citizenship.
Oregon City The following were
elected to city offices last Monday:
Forbes Barclay, Mayor; J. D. Locey, Re
corder; W. V. Buck. A. L. Lovejoy.
Chris Taylor. AVilliani Barlow, C T,
Ixicey, Thomas Churiuan, 'ouncl 1 men r
W. C Johnson, Treasurer; W. 1'. Burns. ,
Assessor and Collector. Forbes Bar
clay, the Mayor, was elected Superin
tendent of Schools also. Thomas Miller
was named Material. W. JJ. Johnson
was chosen City Attorney and John Mel
burn Street Commissioner.
German Frontier Defenses Necessary.
PORTLAND. May 3. (To the Edi
tor.) It is to laugh, to read in the
newspapers articles of wise men in
which they try to explain that the
United States has practically no de
fensive works along the Canadian bor
der and then denounce Germany for
its defensive works.
These men either don't know what
they aro talking about or else they do
not want to tell the truth. lo you think
it possible that Germany would be the
Germany of today If It wasn't for
its defensive works? Th little) Ger
many, with Its 70.0oo.000 population
crowded in between France and Rus
sia, could have never existed without
its defenses and militarism.
Then talk about the United States,
a country about 20 times as his in
area as Germany, with only 100.000.000
population. Now suppose the t'nitrd
States would have as many people per
square mile as Germany, why. good
bye Canada there would be no Can
ada. Or Is the United States afraid of
Canada ever attacking us or. for that
matter. Mexico. It Is Just like a giant
between a couple of dwarfs.
KARL. WERNER.
1167 East Washington street.
t'tlllty Companies niamra.
PORTLAND, May '2. (To the fcJditor.)
Public utility companies have been
tearing up hard-surface pavements in
the business section of this city for th
last threo years or more. Just as they
deem lit. without the consent of the
property owners, who have nothing to
say. Some blocks have been cut up as
many as three times in one year. Now.
owing to poor work, they are full of
bad holes and depressions, where the
cuts were made, and the city naturally
wants, them repaired, and put In thu
same condition as they were previous
to being cut up.
Why should the property owners have
to stand this extra expense. a; I undc.r
atand will be the case on Hroadway, be
tween Morrison and Stark, which is in
a bad condition in places, and for which
improvement is now asked? lias the
city no protection for the owners in
the way of a bond or maintenance con
tract similar to that given by the pav
ing companies, which provide for a
number of years' protection? If there
Is any redress, why not enforce it?
Such proceedins or toiid it Ions art!
certainly not benctiiial as an Induce
ment for investments In Portland real
estate by outside capita! a well as
local. F. O. NO I'. Till: CP.
Friend ever on Time.
Baltimore American.
"Why did you say 'the late Mr.
Bims'? Hiraa Isn't dead." "t know lie.
isn't." "Then why did you speak of
him as your late friend'.'" "Beriusu
he's never on time"
Summer Drese
Already the light dresses of Sum
mer are in demand the linens and
lingeries, the dainty voiles and cot
tons. One must dress in tunc with the
acaflon.
Fashion and comfort must both
be served.
The t-torcs are now showing the
advance Summer stylos. They arc
most Interesting places to visit.
The best guide ax to where to eo
to see the new styles the adver
tising in The Oredonian.