8
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 28, 1915.
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PORTLAND, WEDNESDAY. APR. 88, 1913.
NOT EQUAL TO HIS JOB.
The American note replying to Count
Bernatorff's criticism of American
neutrality calls forth unanimous com
mendation among the newspapers, but
eome lay stress on the fact that, while
the note was signed by Secretary
Bryan, it was written by President
Wilson. That fact was bluntly stated
toy the Associated Press, for it said
that the note "was drafted by the
Ktate Department, but was finally
penned by President Wilson himself."
The New York Sun says that; "con
sidered merely as a product of diplo
matic and literary craftsmanship," this
note "deserves a high place among
recent state papers" and continues:
It is adroit, gentlemanly, effective, pol
ished in phraseology, and remurkably free
from affectation, self-consciousness or smug
ness. The only probable exception to the
President's authorship found by the
(dun is the last sentence of the con
cluding paragraph, which reads: "Its
neutrality is founded upon the firm
basis of conscience and good will."
This phrase, which, iu the Sun's opin
ion, is a truism and "might have been
omitted with advantage to the dig
nity and force of the document," is
attributed to Mr. Bryan. After spec
ulating as to what assistance Robert
Lansing, counselor of the State De
partment, gave the President in pre
paring the document, the Sun says:
Nobody, we venture to say. will entertain
the remotest idea of an origin that credits
the Secretary of State with the initiative,
or any considerable part of the thinking, the
phrasing and the polishing that make this
rote so remarkable and so effective for its
purpose.
After describing the kind of mental
pabulum which Mr. Bryan serves out
to the readers of the Commoner, the
Bun concludes:
When In the history of the Department of
State has there been a situation and a Sec
retary Ilka this?
The New York Times in commend
ing the note calls it Mr. Bryan's, but
says :
It is understood .that the President had a
srood o.eal to do with the preparation of this
note.
In view of the positive statement by
the Associated Press that Mr. Wilson
penned the note, that lets Mr. Bryan
down very easy.
Was there ever a time before in the
history of the United States when the
publication of an important paper
emanating from the State Department
was the signal for unusual and unani
mous praise and also for statements
that it was not written by the head of
that Department? It was never sug
gested that any of the important dis
patches signed by Secretaries Bayard
and Ofney were written by President
Cleveland; or that President Harrison
actually wrote anything which bore
(Secretary Blaine's signature; or that
Presidents McKinley, Roosevelt and
Taft found it necessary thus to efface
Secretaries Sherman, Day, Hay, Root
end Knox. It remained for Mr. Bryan
thus to be pushed aside when a deli
cate piece of work was to he done. He
was left free to write for the dear read
ers of the Commoner on "Why I Lec
ture";. "Boys, Will You. .Not Sign the
Pledge With Me?" and to. flagellate
thev demon rum and the predatory in
terests. Thus was his measure taken.
JAPAN AND THE OPEN DOOR.
American opposition to Japan's de
mands on China is not based on ob
jections to the legitimate expansion of
Japanese commerce and emigration.
Americans frankly recognize that
proximity and affinity render China
a natural and proper field for expan
sion of Japanese enterprise. Indirect
ly American interests are served by
Japanese migration to China, for the
Stream of immigrants is thus turned
away from the United States and fric
tion between this country and Japan
is thereby avoided.
The objection of the United States
to the Japanese demands Is that they
vould render Japanese influenco para
mount in China and would probably
prove the first step toward making
China as much an appanage of Japan
as Egypt has become of Britain. What
ever excuse there was for British oc
cupation of Egypt does not exist, for
Japanese occupation of China, either
politically or by force of arms. An
archy does, not reign In China, as It
Old in Egypt in 1883. nor Is China
bankrupt. China has made a good be
ginning at getting her affairs in order
and at working out her own problems
without foreign interference, though
with foreign financial aid. Japan's
tvctlon has the appearance of an at
tempt to forestall this independent de
velopment of China and to Impose
foreign domination before China has
become strong enough to resist.
Expansion of Japanese commerce,
immigration and industry in China
does not appear to Americans to re
quire that China consult Japan before
granting railroad concessions in Man
churia and Mongolia to a third power;
nor that Japan be consulted before
loans are obtained or advisers em
ployed from a third nation, nor that
Japan have a hand in the manufac
ture of Chinese war munitions; nor that
the Southern Manchuria police be ad
ministered Jointly by Chinese and
Japanese officials. Japan's objection
to the cession or lease of ports in
China to a third power is admitted to
have no foundation beyond the pro
posed construction of a naval base for
China by an American steel company
and Japan's unwarranted assumption
that this was to be a naval base for
the American Government.
The attitude of Japan indicates that
he is not content to have the door of
China open to all nations on equal
terms. She seeks a preferred position
within the door and demands the right
to stand guard at the portal and to
decide who shall and who shall not
enter. This is not the American un
derstanding of the open door as John
Hay defined it and as the United
States has ever since understood it.
Nor is it consistent with Count
Okuma's definition of Japanese policy.
Until Japan's professions conform to
her acts we are justified in question
ing her intentions and in regulating
our own policy by the acts.
IMMUTABLE BLESSINGS.
Just now the East is sweltering
under a burning April sun. Crops are
threatened. Down in Texas serious
floods are causing no end of damage
In thickly habited districts. These are
merely forerunners of more distress
to come. Anon we are certain to
read that scores are being prostrated
at Chicago, that the sun is intolerable
In Kansas, that fearful suffering exists
in New York. .
It is all a part of the yearly pro
gramme in those sections. The ele
ments eternally play one prank or an
other on the inhabitants. Either it
is freezing cold in Winter or intoler
ably hot in Summer. The farmer is
never quite certain of his crops unless
he has his farm under some unfailing
source of irrigation. All of which is
noted as affording a contrast with our
own particular variety of climate.
Take April for example. While the
East has sweltered. Western Oregon
has enjoyed weather of a sort that
must prevail in paradise. Neither too
warm nor too cold; sufficient mois
ture to nourish the crops; no extremes
of any sort. In fact, Ve seldom or
never have extremes. In Western Ore
gon we hardly know what snow looks
like. Heat prostrations are unheard
of. Crop failures never occur. The
elements are decorous year in and
year out. Wild pranks of weather are
never visited upon us.
Later on when the casualty lists
begin pouring in from the less favored
districts where the sun-god centers
his hottest rays as from machine gun
batteries we shall find ourselves re
freshed by cooling breezes from the
seas and forests breezes . indescrib
ably soft and bearing the delicious
odors of pine and fir. Moisture for
crops and foliage will be carried in
abundance by water-freighted clouds
transported from time to time by the
never-failing breezes.
We know these boons will come, for
they have never failed and by the
very laws of nature governing such
things they never will. Heat, pro
duces vapor, vaptr collects in clouds,
clouds are wafted inward until cer
tain atmospheric and physical condi
tions cause their moisture to be pre
cipitated. Geographically we are sit
uated so that these blessings cannot
escape us. Our other and multitu
dinous blessings of climate spring from
similar immutable causes. Since they
cannot fail us we may plan accord
ingly. TWILIGHT SLEEP.
The New York doctors have taken
sides with the passionate vigor of their
profession on the subject of the twi
light sleep. One faction maintains
that itis the greatest boon to women
since the discovery of anesthesia. The
other points out dozens of evils, real
or Imaginary, which the new proced
ure causes. It is noticeable that the
objections to twilight sleep are about
the same as those originally made to
the use of anesthetics in childbirth.
The minds of many medical men are
incurably lethargic. They cling in
exorably to the processes they learned
at the medical school and regard all
new ones as dangerous heresies. The
general, objections to progress were
worked out and thrown into conven
ient formulas many centuries ago and
anybody who wishes to oppose ad
vancement in medicine, politics or re
ligion has only to look up the musty
authorities and draw tho ammunition
he requires from the ancient tomes.
It is not surprising therefore to hear
the old objections of anesthesia in
childbirth repeated as killing charges
against twilight sleep.
Many of the objections have their
active source in the mutual jealousies
of. the doctors. Those of native origin
are particularly jealous of energetic
young foreigners who come to this
country bringing with them the new
and progressive spirit of Europe. The
twilight sleep comes from German
sources and the curious reader will
notice that the principal opponents of
it at the New York hospitals enjoy
"Anglo-Saxoh" appellations such as
Dorman, Gregory and Shears. Its
ardent defenders bear names like
Kroenig, Tilkowich and Schlossingk.
Dr. Shears take the diverting ground
that labor pains are visited upon
women for some great and good pur
pose. He does not pretend to know
exactly what it is, but their ultimate
effect is "to bring healthy children
into the world." The healthiest chil
dren on earth, those of wild Indians,
come into the world with substantially
no pain on the mother's part, but that
fact, of course, has no weight upon
such a mind as that of Dr. Shears. The
most charming trait of these incor
rigible doctrinaires is their scorn of
facts.
CAN WE STOP THE SLAIGHTER?
' A correspondent discussing The Ore
gonlan's defense of the Government's
view of neutrality, practically admits
that international law permits the
United States to- continue the sale of
war material to belligerents, but ques
tions whether our action accords with
the laws of humanity or the precepts
of Christianity. He proposes that, in
order to save hundreds of thousands
of lives, we throw neutrality to the
winds and stop the sale of war sup
plies. But It is necessary to consider
whether we have a right to abandon
our neutrality to this extent and what
would be the consequences of our so
doing. "Violation of treaties by other
nations constitute no excuse for our
doing likewise. Rather it becomes us,
as the greatest neutral power, to up
hold the sanctity of treaties the more
firmly, in the hope that, when the
madness of war is past, the bel
ligerents will the more readily renew
allegiance to that principle as the best
safeguard against war. Violation of
treaties by neutrals -would be a policy
of despair and would be a frank con
fession that by war alone can the re
lation of nations be regulated. By that
policy bloodshed would not be dimin
ished, but would be vastly increased.
Were the United States to forbid ex
ports of war munitions to belligerents,
we should be accused by the nations
injuriously affected of taking sides
with their enemies and might be
treated as enemies. Were we thus
drawn into the War, the slaughter
would be increased and our purpose
defeated.
A neutral nation is In no position
to change the rules of war by which
It will be bound after the war has
begun. Belligerents have that power
there is no right between belliger
ents and do proclaim that they will
not abide by a certain accepted rule
or they ignore auch a rule without
proclamation. By its very position as
a neutral, a neutral nation must abide
by these rules and must suffer under
protest their violatiftn by belligerents.
The only alternative is to become a
belligerent itself in defense of the
broken law. We have accused both
Britain and Germany, to say nothing
of other belligerents, of violating inter
national law. Then if we were to fight
as the champions of law, we should be
obliged, in order to be consistent, to
fight both nations. If that were not
so absurd as to be inconceivable, it
would only add to the slaughter.
The President and Congress are.
sworn to uphold the rights and inter
ests of the United States, not of all
humanity, and they must uphold those
rights, even against those of human
ity. If the United States were to act
on the principle that neutrals may not
sell war material to either belligerent
in war, that principle would be likely
to react against us.- When we engaged
in war and wished to buy Krupp guns
in Germany or ammunition in Eng
land, those countries might say that
neutrality as we ourselves defined it
forbade the sale. Our own facilities
for producing war material are not
sufficient for our needs in time of
war. Self-preservation is the first
law of nature of nations and indi
viduals and it demands that we shall
keep open foreign sources of supply
for war material against our time of
need.
If any persons in the United States
should have qualms of conscience
about exports of war material, those
persons are the individuals who sell
the goods. The nation which merely
refrains from interfering with a busi
ness which is lawful is blameless as a
nation and by interfering would incur
the blame of added slaughter in this
war and probably in future wars.
A HALE OLD AGE.
"Out ..of 2000 picked young men in
New York only sixty could be given a
clean bill of health." So says Pro
fessor Irving Fisher, professor of
economics at Yale. He adds discour
aglngly that all the rest either had
"impairments" of their physical frame
or else followed habits that must lead
to impairments. A house that is cer
tain to topple over next Fall is scarce
ly more satisfactory than if it should
end the matter by toppling this Spring.
The thing desired is to have a house,
or a body, that is likely to last a cen
tury or so.
Professor Irving Fisher is not well
pleased with the showing of current
vital statistics. These figures assure
us that a great many small children
are being saved from premature death
and this is of course most delightful
as far as it goes. But we learn again
that the diseases of middle life are a
great deal more destructive than they
were a generation ago. The Yale pro
fessor warns us that the deaths from
these adult maladies have probably
increased something like 200,000 a
year since 1880. This fact counteracts
whatever comfort we get from saving
the babies.
The fatal diseases of mature life
originate in our bad habits. Not
always in drink, drugs and gambling,
though those things play a miserable
part in the business, but from such
habits as sleeping in airless rooms,
keeping tho nose too close to the
grindstone, forgetting how to play.
"The gospel of hale old-age is what
we need most," says the sage profes
sor and the first article of that gos
pel's creed is "to get a full diet of
fresh air.'
Far better would it be for the ordi
nary person to sleep on the cold, damp
earth with a rubber blanket under him
than to snooze luxuriously in the air
less room that nightly enshrouds his
form. Adult persons of either sex
have usually fbrgotten how to play.
They foolishly look upon amusement
as a waste of time and strength and
if they play at all they go at it so
strenuously that they make a task of
it. Our diversions should be gentle,
leisurely, and not too dignified. And
they should be taken in the open air.
THE STATE HOLDS THE BAG.
After all the furor of prejudice
directed against the Michigan compen
sation law In the last Oregon Legis
lature it is interesting to learn that
the assumed weakness of the Michigan
act exists under the operations of the
Oregon law as amended.
The Michigan law recognizes the
right of the private company to sell
compensation insurance. The differ
ence between the straight liability or
legal defense insurance and compensa
tion Insurance should not be over
looked. The former insures the em
ployer against damages obtained by an
injured employe in a suit at law. Com
pensation insurance, whether written
under authority of the state or by a
casualty company, provides for the
payment of a specific amount for any
one of a list of enumerated injuries
and the payment is automatic. That
is, the injured employe receives the
sum indicated in the policy for his in
jury without recourse to law, and re
gardless of fault on his part or that of
a fellow servant.
The advantages to workmen and the
public in compensation insurance are
openly apparent. They include the im
mediate benefits accruing to the in
jured workman as opposed to the un
certainty of long-drawn-out litigation.
They also include the saving to the
public in court costs. It unavoidably
follows that the more extensively the
principle of compensation insurance is
applied the better for the public weal.
What the Legislature in this state
has done has been to provide an op
tional or elective form of compensa
tion insurance. Employer or employe
may reject the terms of the act. If
they accept it, the only legally recog
nized form of protection is insurance
in a state-administered fund to which
employer, employe and the state con
tribute. If they decline to come under
the law the employer usually seeks pro
tection against the possibility of law
suits for damages for personal injuries
occurring to his employes. He then
has recourse to the liability companies,
which heretofore have with . only few
exceptions written the old form of
legal defense insurance, thus subject
ing the injured employe to uncertainty
as to relief and promoting litigation.
The compensation principle is thus re
duced. In its field of operations.
The liability companies are and have
been able to underbid the state insur
ance rates by putting straight liability
in competition with compensation.
They could not be wholly excluded
from operations in Oregon by the pres
ent terms of the act. Now they are
entering the field with a double policy
one that insures payment of the same
compensation schedule as is fixed by
law, and provides also alternative
protection in the event an injured em
ploye sues for damages. They are in
an even better position than if the
Michigan law had been adopted. They
are at liberty to cut rates on the cream
of the business and the state is not,
for the premiums paid into the state
fund ar fixed by- law. They cannot
be raised or lowered. The casualty
companies' rates are flexible and may
be changed to get the business that is
profitable. This competition may leave
the state holding the bag and bring
about a condition which one Senator
predicted at Salem the necessity of
calling an extra session of the Legisla
ture to revise the compensation law in
order to prevent a deficiency and-ultimately
a large appropriation from the
general fund of the state.
It is Indicated that Oregon Is on the
wrong track in attempting to apply the
compensation principle. It has sought
to attain a monopoly in that form of
insurance. Clearly if exclusive state
control is desirable it ought to be
sought in a positive manner. ' Such
control can be obtained only by making
Insurance in the state fund general and
compulsory. But the advent of the
private companies into the compensa
tion field has demonstrated that there
is value in competition even when it
is with a government management
which seeks no profits and .aids the
enterprise.
The casualty companies are offering
insurance of a wider scope than the
state and in numerous employments at
lower rates than the state charges the
same employers after collecting contri
butions from the "employes and con
tributing to the cause itself. It is an
other score for private enterprise
against Government ownership. The
stateto be successful in the insurance
business rieeds the spur of competition.
Alaw to make state rates flexible, to
abolish the legal, defense policy by
making compensation the exclusive
remedy, and one embracing state In
surance, stock company insurance,
mutual insurance and the right to
carry one's own risk, would not only
mean money in the pocKets of the em
ployers, but a saving to the taxpayers.
The courts would be relieved of litiga
tion which still accumulates in spite
of the existing compensation law and
the public treasury would be relieved
of the possibility of a deficit. Other
states have demonstrated that the em
ploye can be as fully protected under
such a law as under the half-way
measure now in operation in Oregon.
The postal employes of Boston have
taken the lead in organizing a parcel
post club. Their purpose is to buy
county produce by mail directly from
farmers. By having articles sent in
bulk to the club secretary a big sav
ing In postage is effected. A contem
porary remarks that while the post
age on forty separate pounds would be
$2.40, that on a single forty-pound
parcel would be only 48 cents. Quite
a difference.
All the joys of the cabaret were
transmitted from San Francisco to
New York the other day by telephone.
The gay artists disported their voices
at the big fair and a distinguished
audience listened to them at a banquet
In New York. Such is the magic of
science. At present this particular
miracle is exclusively for the rich and
great. It is too expensive for the
crowd. But tomorrow It wlll'be for
everybody.
It has ever been a favorite device of
ministers when near the bottom of the
barrel to preach a sermon on the
rottenness of the times. Such sermons
are always pat. for the times are
always rotten, at least in spots. Upon
the whole, the world is sounder now
than ever before. The war is like an
outbreak of boils and does not neces
sarily indicate constitutional weak
ness. Woman is revealed as the senior
partner in the domestic firm by Mr3.
Krause's ability to compel Mr. Krause
to do al the housework and by Mr.
Krause's exaction of alimony from his
dominant spouse. These are topsy
turvy times.
The allies cannot be worrying much
about holding their lines in France or
they would not send a large army,
against Turkey, unless this was neces
sary to relieve the pressure on Russia.
Those farmers around Stanfield who
have plowed their alfalfa fields and
planted potatoes are going to be in the
800-bushcl class when the crops are
dug.
" The very young man who marries a
very old woman, for obvious reasons,
mainly financial, is sure to become a
tame cat . around the house as the
years progress.
The Austro-Germans lost 20,000 men
in two days' fighting with the Rus
sians, but that is only a million in a
hundred days. They can stand that.
Since Oregon abolished capital pun
ishment there has been a suspicious in
crease of refugee criminals from other
states.
It is strange that the speed mania
seizes even such grave men as "Bishop
Peters" Llghtner when away from
home.
Easy, gentlemen, easy. Do not all
file at once this morning. The last
man on the ticket may be chosen.
Although whisky is held responsible
for more fights between men, water is
prolific of fights in municipalities.
There is a hen on in Italy now and
the envoys to the warring nations are
going home to see her hatch.
Steamboat excursions up the Wil
lamette should again go Into fashion,
now that the locks are free.
The corn doctor and the horse doc
tor may become commissioned officers
before the war is over.
If Kipling knew the fishing is as
good as it was twenty-five years ago
he might come again.
England has allowed the American
peace women to proceed. John Bull
was afraid of them.
Pretty near time for the early straw
berries to be coming down from East
ern Oregon.
The Beavers, in imitation of the
armies in Europe, have gone into a
dug-out. (
The time is coming when the lovi
shoe-will be picturesque in its environ,
raent
Bond buyers who pay a premium
should put the croakers to silence.
Again have the Canadians won the
laurels in the battle of Ypres.
Linnton will appreciate being ab-
j sorted
ACT IX INTEREST OF HCMAMTY
Writer Urges Embargo on Arms, Re
gardlena of Neutrality.
BAKER, Or.. April 26 (To the Edi
tor.) Referring to your editoria'l of
recent date. "Uncle Sam, the Store
keeper," this article and others pre
ceding it seem to be meant to explain
In plainest possible English to such
German sympathizers as are not famil
iar with International laws relating to
neutrality just why this Government
permits its citizens to furnish war ma
terials to Germany's enemies and calls
attention to the fact that a refusal
to do so would be considered a breach
of neutrality for the reason that this
Government also allows the same op
portunities to be extended to Germany.
The fact that England is in position to
call for such supplies as she requires,
while Germany is not, is no fault of
ours, and .since we sell our "goods"
f. o. b. seaboards, our responsibility
ceases with the sale of same. There
fore, while the Government of the
United States by no manner of means
desires to become actually mixed up in
this terrible conflict, it is not willing
to prohibit the exportation of materials
used to murder hundreds and thousands
of human beings, thereby causing un
told miseries to other millions.
This may be International law and
observance of strict neutrality. But is
it observance of the law of nature, of
the laws of humanity, and, since we
profess to be a Christian Nation, Is this
observance of the very fundamental
principle of Christianity?
Using your own argument: John and
William have some very serious diffi
culties and, being bitter enemies, are
determined to kill each other, but lack
the necessary weapons to carry out
their intentions; they call upon Sam,
who is friendly to both and who hap
pens to have a lot of weapons for sale.
They tell him their troubles and pre
vail upon him to sell them whatever
weapons they might require. Sam com
piles with the request and under or
dinary circumstances would be con
sidered accessory to any crime, which
might be committed with weapons he
furnished. Of course, the case, as stat
ed by you. Is not an ordinary one, for
John and William came to Sam dressed
in their regulation uniforms and told
him they declared war upon each other.
This, according to interpretation of in
ternational law, changes matters, and
Sam has committed no crime, in fact
he did a very good stroke of business.
John or William, or both, are now
dead and probably do not care whether
they were killed by neutral or unneu
tral bullets.
There is no question but that both
sides of this terrible conflict have vio
lated treaties and laws and if our refu
sal to supply any materials required
by any of the belligerents is a viola
tion of treaties, and if through such
violations te can save hundreds of
thousands of lives, why, by all means
let us throw neutrality to the winds
and take the consequences. It is no
doubt a fact that the stoppage of ex
portations of this kind would seriously
affect the favorable foreign trade, but
are we not a Christian Nation and will
we permit a few or even a great many
of our citizens to enrich themselves at
the expense of untold miseries of mil
lions of their fellow men? If we are
unable or unwilling to stop these un
holy transactions, at least let us stop
calling peace prayer meetings or. if
we insist upon holding such meetings,
let us issue invitations to same to read
somewhat like this:
"You are requested to assemble at
your respective houses of worship for
the purpose of attending peace prayer
meetings. These meetings will take
place every evening for the next ten
days. We cannot hold the meetings in
daytime or during business hours, be
cause we are too busy manufacturing
and shipping aeroplanes, submarines,
guns and ammultion required , by the
nations of Europe."
This article is by no means intended
to criticise your various editorials re
lating to the "war: in fact, the writer
considers all your writings perfectly
fair and impartial.
A HYPHENATED AMERICAN.
HEALTH BULLETIN COMMENT HIT
Remark on Chiropractic Law Cnlla
Forth Criticism of Editor.
PORTLAND, April 26. (To the Ed
itor.) In the March 5 issue of the
Health Bulletin, published by the
Health Bureau of the City of Port
land, is the following paragraph:
"The registrars of vital statistics
will have their hands full in securing
proper diagnoses for and complete
death certificates since the passage of
the chiropractic law. This law estab
lishes a bad precedent for Oregon."
The legislators, representing the
people of Oregon, and Governor With
ycombe, would not have authorized the
passage of this act had not due pre
cautions been taken for safeguarding
tho interests of the people of Oregon
and the needs of the registrars of vital
statistics. Among the requirements is
270 hours' study of pathology and 340
hours' study of diagnosis, together
with 125 hours' study of hygiene and
sanitation, which is over three times
greater than the requirements in the
ime subject according to the curric
ulum of the University of Oregon med
ical department.
Any publication paid, for with tax
payers' money should be edited upon
sufficiently broad lines that proper
recognition is given to the virtues of
all licensed and. legalized methods of
healing the sick and not be limited to
the one-sided theories of the allopaths
alone. FRANK C. MIGHTO,N', D. C.
ST. HELENS STONE PAVING BLOCK
Rock I'aed on Front Street Urged for
Multnomah Highways.
ST. HELENS. Or.. April 26. (To the
Editor.) I have noticed with great
Interest the agitation going on ir
Portland about the. paving question,
and as a former resident of your city
I have also noticed the frequent torn
up condition of many of your streets.
Your commercial organizations ex
pect Oregon merchants to trade in
Portland and buy Oregon-made goods
in preference to goods made elsewhere.
St. Helens has furnished the City
of Portland with stone paving blocks
which have stood the test on Front
and other streets for 30 years under
the heaviest traffic.
If the new roads to be built in Mult-
mah County were built of this ma
terial they would last a lifetime and
the money so expended would come
back to Portland through the channels
of trade.
Do the taxpayers of. Portland want
a pavement for service and lasting
qualities, or do they want a pavement
for the contractors?
D. T. GERDES.
Another River Baby.
OAK-STREET DOCK, Portland. April
25. (To the Editor.) In The Sunday
Oregonian there is quite an interesting
article with reference to a J. W. Brewer
having been born on a Columbia
River steamboat, and so far as known
the only such birth that ever occurred.
1 wish to state that during the year
1892, while I was master of the steamer
Lurline, operating on the Astoria route,
a child was born one night on the up
trip between Cathlamet and Portland.
I think the mother came on board at
Cathlamet and soon afterwards was
taken seriously ill. We had no phy
sician on board, but when the cause
of her illness was discovered Ham
WInterhottem, the chief engineer, vol
unteered his services, and before arriv
ing at the Portland dock he reported
mother and child doine; well. I do not
remember the sex of the child, but Mr.
Winterbottem certainly could tell an
Interesting story of his experience that
night. J. W. EXON.
Captain Steamer Woodland.
HONOR TO HIGHWAY BUILDERS
Civic Worker Says Tablet Should Be
Raised to Mr. Lancaster and Aldra.
PORTLAND. April 2. (To the Edi
tor.) On reading in The Oregonian the
beautiful swan song of Samuel C. Lan
caster, upon the completion of the
Columbia River Highway, it occurred
to me that it would be but proper to
condense the sentiments expressed and
chisel them on the dressed face of one
of those giant buttresses that avver
hang the road' and cut the name,
"Samuel C. Lancaster." highway en
gineer" (not robber), underneath where
the words may be read for all genera
tions as long as time shall run. as a
fitting testimonial to the ability and
sterling worth of him who wrought
and dreamed thereon. And when stu
dents of other nations may come to de
cipher the inscription as they came to the
great Behlstun rock in Media Magna
where, upon its 1700-foot perpendicular
face. Semiramis had her likeness
chiseled together with 100 of her guard
and where, long after, Darius the Great
caused to be cut, 300 feet above the
plain, his genealogy, his hereditary
claims to the Persian throne and his
victories and conquests. In cuneiform
writing, in three forms Persian, Baby
lonian and Median, and which has
stood, the marvel pf students of such
matters, over 2400 years as an example
of what engineers can do when actuated
by the sole purpose of doing the job so
it will last rather than for the pay
that's in it.
It may be added that where the rock
was broken or uneven, pieces were fit
ted in with molten lead that are in
place yet, while the silicious varnish
that was laid over the characters to
give clearness to the letters and to
protect them from the elements, is there
still in many places, harder and more
lasting than the rock itself, which has
been honeycombed by time and worn
away by the storms of 24 centuries.
Each one of the five columns begin
ning "I am Darius, the great King."
Tho monarch himself being represented
with a bow in his hand and his foot on
a slain foe, while nine rebels chained
together by the necks stand in submis
sion before him. -
How much grander this work of Sir.
Lancaster and how much more worthy
of some lasting tribute to his worth
and skill.
It is well that our country has such
men and we do well to honor them.
But. while they have not the same
gift of language to express what they
have felt that Mr. Lancaster has, yet
still there are two others who have ex
perienced, perhaps, to a greater de
gree, the same inspiration of soul as
shoulder to shoulder they have carried
the great work to completion. I refer
to John Yeon and S. Benson.
It will be a lasting testimonial to
our complete surrender to commercial
ism if these names shall not, in some
fitting .and permanent form, be at
tached to this highway to certify as
long as Oregon and the Union stand to
what a united people under disinter
ested "leaders can accomplish.
All honor to the highway engineer,
who goes at his tasks with such senti
ments in his heart.
O. G. HUGH SON.
Rose City Park Club.
598 East Fifty-second street North.
FIRST RAY OF HOPE FROM WAR
Back of It All Mar Oome Social Re
modeling, Thlnka Pendleton Man.
PENDLETON. Or.. April 25. (To the
Editor.) The impressive utterance of
ex-Senator Boveridge. fresh from the
capitals of the old world, before the
Spinx Club in New York City brings
the first ray of hope from the fields
of embattled Europe, the first intima
tion to America that behind the veil
of censorship, back of the shotted can
non., there exists in fact that social
revolution which every lover of civil
liberty and individual freedom has
prayed might be born of the mighty
conflict now in progress.
The time is ripe for Germany to cast
aide the toggery of empire, the curse
of military caste, and to assert her
self as a republic. No race on earth Is
better fitted for self-government. The
foundations of liberty, education' and
religion exist in the Teutonic states
already. The German people need
neither the Hohenzollerns nor the
Junker domination of Prussia. Their
mission to civilization can better be
performed with both eliminated.
England has bent the knee too long
to the shadow of a throne. Her gov
ernment is in fact a substantial de
mocracy. The occasion is opportune to
send her King back to the sea, and to
tear from her aristocracy the tinsel of
title. Lloyd-George, the man, of the
plain people, would, as president, give
Britian a better government than any
King who has occupied her throne.
Australia and Canada might well be
come independent nations.
With Ena-land. Germany. France and
America governments of the people,
the remainder of Christendom would
soon witness toppling thrones and
democracy triumphant. It may be that
those responsible for this war have
been the unwitting instruments of the
providence which doeth all things well,
and that the present purpose of the
almighty may be to destroy the do
minion of privilege in Europe, even as
through Washington he dethroned
royalty in our own land, and through
Napoleon he crushed the feudalistic
heritage of the race. Let us hope so
indeed, and renew our faith tlint in
God's own good time the day of the
plowshare and pruning hook will come,
and with it the enthronement of an
international Golden Rule, aureoled in
the fullest opportunity for the average
man. . STEPHEN A. LOWELL.
President' Cabinet.
JEFFEP.SON. Or., April 26. (To the
Editor.) Please name the President's
Cabinet. D. F. HODGES.
Secretary of State William Jennings
Bryan.
Secretary of Treasury William Glbbs
McAdoo.
Secretary of War Lindley M. Gar
rison. Attorney-General Thomas Watt
Gregory.
rostmaser-General Albert Sidney
Burleson.
Secretary of Navy Joseph us Daniels.
Secretary of Interior Franklin
Knight Lane.
Secretary of Agriculture David
Franklin Houston.
Secretary of Commerce William C.
Redfield.
Secretary of Labor William Bau.
chop Wilson.
The salary of each is 112.000 a year.
Govrrament Bulletlna.
OAKLAND. Or.. April 26. (To the
Editor.) Will you answer the follow
ing question for me, as I am unable X.1
get an answer from inquiry at Wash
ington: Do all Government publica
tions, such as forestry bulletins, have
the same rights as any copyright book?
Can a person publish parts or the
whole of one If not marked "Copyright"
without violating the law. J. R. W.
Bulletins from the Government of
fices are for public information and
use and are paid for indirectly by .the
public. These bulletins are not con
sidered as copyrighted material and
the Government issues them with the
idea of spreading the information they
contain. Y'ou may use any portion or
all of them without violating the law.
It is customary, however, to give men
tion of the bulletin, either specifically
or generally.
Model of His Auto.
Life.
Fluff What model is your car?
Rut f Second mortgage.
Twenty-Five Years Ago
From The Oregonian. April 28. 1S90.
Washington Representative
Outhwaite, of Ohio, baa Introduced a
bill to establish militia naval training
ships at the principal water ci-tiea of
the country. It Is proposed one should
be at Portland, Or.
The new military road from Ilwaco
to Long Beach will cost $10,000.
Chicago The trouble between the
National and Players' leagues la prac
tically ended. President Soauldinc
has secured the consent of every club
In the National League to ojien Tues
day instead of Saturday In Chicago, so
as to avoid a conflict with the Flayer'
season, which begins the season May 2.
It is said that within two weeks the
National Leaeue schedule will be com
pletely changed. There is no money in
figntlng.
The new Congregational Church at
Oregon City has been completed at a
cost of $7500 and was dedicated Sun
day, a large crowd attending.
Joseph Haworth. one of the most
virile young actors on the English
speaking stase. will be seen in his
embodiment of the heroic Revolution
ary hero, Paul Kauvar. at the Marqua n
Grand tonight.
R. W. Mitchell has Just returned from
a visit to Grays Harbor. where he
made a very thorouEh survey of thi
resource of that district.
J. A. Deeds, of Neiialem, Is on a vis'it
In Albina.
President VanScoy, of Willamette
University, announces that that Insti
tution will not be removed from Salem
to Portland.
Professor J. Burnliam, of Conch
school, is arranging for another re
union of former students of that school,
which will be held in the near future.
James G. Woodwortn, assistant gen
eral freight aaent of the I'nlun Pacini-,
made a queer mistake Sunday. H
w.-is late in getting started for Hundav
school and as he was getting started
he grabbed up what he supposed was
his well-thumbed Testament and
shoved it into his pocket. On taklnc
his seat and pulling out his book l.
was astonished to rind instead of It
being his revised edition of the Testa
ment, it was a Union Paclfii- cipher
book, which, being about the same size
and style of blndine and bearing the
same evidences of ronstant use. he had
mistaken for his favorite Testament, a
prize earned by learning by heart more
verses from the Bible than any other
pupil.
Dr. K. H. r-hute arrived in Portland
yesterday, after an absence of 37 years.
He crossed the plains originally in 1852
with James M. Blossom.
Yale'a Entrance Requirement.
PORTLAND, April 26. (To the Ed
itor.) There is an editorial in The
Oregonian April 22 about entrant to
Yale University which gives a wrong
impression. It is not possible to enler
Yale on certificate without examina
tion. In this respect Yale has the
same requirement as Princeton. Har
vard, Bryi Mawr and Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. These col
leges admit only on examination. Other
colleges admit part of their students
at least by cert if Kate. Yale has re
cently announced a new plan, an al
ternative plan similar to a rlan an
nounced some years ago by Harvard
and more recently by Princeton. This
plan allows a student to take exam
inations in only four subjects, viz..
Latin, mathematics, French or German
and English. In order to use this plan
a student must present, a certificate
from bis preparatory school, showInK
work done and grade earned. The en
trance Is determined by this certifi
cate and by the result of the examina
tion in the four subjects given above.
One difference between this plan end
the old plan Is that no conditions aie
allotted under th new plan.
JAMES F. EWINci.
Cannery Employes.
FOUTLAND. April 25. (To the Edi
tor.) Please state whether cannery
employers are obliged to comply with
the eight-hour law for women.
SUBSCRIBER.
There Is no regular eight-hour law
for women In Oregon. Women em
ployes in canneries, however, come un
der a ruling of the State Industrial
Welfare Commission, which has pre
scribed a limit of 54 hours a week for
women in this class of work. Under
certain circumstances such as the rush
season, etc., women are allowed to
work 10 hours at a time, providing tho
54 hours a week limit is not over
stepped. For more detailed Informa
tion inquire of State Industrial Welfare
Commission office in Portland, which
Is at the Courthouse.
Bret ". K. Nrhalera Drranm.
PORTLAND. Or., April 26. (To the
Editor.)) I was interested in reudins
In The Sunday Orearonian Leslie Scott's
article on the Nehalcru beeswax. To the
many authorities quoted by him aa be
lieving in the beeswax theory tniuht be
added another one, prohably the best
one of all the bees themselves. We
.have shipped hundreds of pounds of
this stuff back East to be manufac
tured into comb foundations for bue
hivefl, and It has been accepted by the
bees a thing they would not have
done had It been anything but the cen
time article. E. C. JOHNSON.
Flre-FllchtluBT Equipment.
PORTLAND. April 2. (To the Edi
tor.) I am a novice In the matter of
fire-fighting apparatus, but, apropos of
the regular Sunday fire, why Is it thai
the Portland Fire Department is not
fully equipped with smoks helmets
when the members tackle a building
full of smoke? We read that some of
the firemen have these helmets on
when they go in to rescue those who
have succumbed to the smoke fumef
Aa the Hon. Hashltnira Toara would
say, we merely "ask to know.'" Hoping
you are the same, respectfully,
JAY K AT.
Application for Jon.
Judce.
Boss No; we have all the men we
need.
1-aborer Seems like you could take
one more, the little bit of work I'd do.
Mlpundrralood a t Sea.
Sailor's Maaazlne.
Ship's officer Oh. there goes el?ht
bells: excuse me. It's my watch below.
Old lady Gracious! Fancy your
watch striking loud hh that!
- Pushing the Season.
Before the snow Is off the ground
the stores are showing the Spring
styles, and, while the mercury is
still climbing they start to unpack
Cm rs.
Style Is crowding the seasons
harder each year.
Why? No one seems to know. It
Just does.
But these changes coming so rap.
idly greatly increase the news value
of newspaper advertising.
To miss reading the advertlslnit
any day might put oi out of touch
with the most important changes of
the season.