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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (April 26, 1915)
6 THE MORNING OREGONIAN. MONDAY, APRIL 26, 1915. FOKTLA.ND, OREGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon, Postoffice, as second-class matter. Subscription .Hates Invariably In advance: (By Mall.) Dal'y, Sunday Included, one year $8.00 Dully, huntlay Included, six months 4.-o Xally, Sunday Included, three mouths... 3fi.2o JJttily, Sunday Included, one month..... .To l-ally. without Sunday, one year B.tlo iJally, without Sunday, six months 3.-3 Daily, without Sunday, three months... 1.75 Daily, without Sunday, oue month tu "Weekly, one year l.oO Cundav. one year 2.60 Sunday and Weekly, one year 3.&0 (By Carrier.) Daily, Sunday Included, one year $9.r Xully, Sunday included, one month 75 How to Jtemlt Send Postofflce money or der, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's rink- Uive postofflce address in tutl. Including county and state. Postage Kates 12 to 16 pages, 1 cent; 18 to ii-! pages, 2 cents; 34 to 4S pay's. 8 cents; o0 to GO pages, 4 cents; (12 to 76 pages, 5 cents; 78 to 'JJ pages, o cents. Foreign, post--age, double rates. , , Eastern Business Office Veree & Conklln, 1 New Vork. .Brunswick building; Chicago. btcnger building. ban Francisco Office RN J. Bldwell Com-' t pany, 742 Market street. PORTLAND, MONDAY. Al'KIL 2. 1915. CAN TILKY CAKRV TiLri- LOAD. t As the belligerent nations pile debt ' on debt, far exceeding their own esti J mates, the question is raised: How can they bear the burden of interest when peace is restored? Will it be pos ji Bible for a diminished population, H which has lost many of its able-bodied i' males, much of its commerce and : much of its fixed capital, to endure this burden? Will not the nations in J despair shake off the burden by repu- dialing their debts? Repudiation is improbable because f, the belligerent nations practically owe - this debt to themselves. In former wars money has been borrowed from the neutral nations. The only neutral (i nations which even ordinarily would i have any considerable amount of cap ! ltal available to buy war bond3 are ; the United States and Holland.. The ; latter country has beeti put to such i expense in maintaining its neutrality that it has little capital to spare. The United States is beginning to furnish some war funds which, though consid erable in themselves, are trifling by comparison with the total amount ! needed. Each of the great powers Is therefore selling bonds to its own peo ; pie. The bondholders in each country j will number millions and will have the power to veto repudiation, even if that escape should be suggested. Aside from the wreck of National ' credit which would follow repudiation, i the nations would bankrupt hosts of J their citizens, thus deriving no benefit jln the end. The bonds of each nation 1 being held almost entirely by its own I citizens, taxes will be taken from all the people in order to be repaid' as ; Interest to a very large proportion of t thorn. Bonds being issued in denomi nations as small as $20, they fall into "the hands of the masses, who would ' oust any government that proposed repudiation. But the history of the last century, to go back no farther, is full of ex amples of the recuperative powers of nations after war. A boom usually follows war. Settlement by war of outstanding disputes inspires nations to go ahead with accelerated pace, con fident of a long peace. The treaty of "Vienna in 1815 was far from satisfac tory as a settlement of the Issues in volved in the French revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, but no serious wars or revolutions disturbed Europe until 1848. During the interval many new inventions were applied and industry leaped forward. Similar booms fol lowed the Crimean War, the American Civil War, Prussia's series of wars end ing with that with France, the Boer war and the war in Manchuria. For over forty years the dark thundercloud of war has been gathering over Eu rope. The present conflict, may be compared to the storm which has at last broken. It is terrific, it may be prolonged, but it will clear men's minds of the dread which has op pressed them, as lightning and rain clear the sultry air and leave a feeling of exhilaration. Although the world has made tre mendous progress and has addad enor mously to the accumulations of wealth during the last forty years, activities , have undoubtedly been In some degree restricted, while governmental ex penses have been enormously enhanced by the haunting dread of war. When the storm has passed, this dread will be removed, men will go ahead with confidence to carry out enterprises which they formerly hesitated to un dertake, and inventive genius will be turned from devising means of de struction to constructive work. If the settlement be so satisfactory as not to contain within itself the seeds of an other war for a long period, military expenses may be so reduced that the nations will be able to pay their addi tional interest and pensions without Increasing taxes. When we contemplate the huge debt which Europe will assume as the war progresses, we must bear in mind its relation to the ability of the nations to bear if. A true conception of this re lation can best be formed by compari son with the conditions at the close of the Napoleonic wars. The British na tional debt at that time was $4,380 - 000,000. The population of the United Kingdom was only about 15,000,000, the colonies were undeveloped and commerce was carried on by the slow methods prevailing before steam and electricity came into use. Tet the British Empire has grown and has vastly prospered and has multiplied Its wealth many times in the century which has passed. If this could be done when carrying the burden left by the Napoleonic wars and when the ability to carry it was so much less, the em plre should be able to recover with equal facility from the much greater drain it now suffers, when we consider Its vastly increased wealth. What is true of one belligerent may fairly be considered true of all. A new factor which may greatly aid the nations to recover from the effects of the war is -the restriction on the use of alcohol. One need not lie a prohibitionist in order to recog nize the great drain on a nation's wealth and energies caused by exces- elve use of intoxicants. The belliger ent nations have been driven by war . to conserve their energy by varying de grees of restriction, culminating in ab- solute prohibition in Russia. So great has teen the increase of thrift and human efficiency in that country that; it it were to extend through all the belligerent countries, continuation in peace of the same temperance which is now practiced in war may alone el- fect economy and increase efficiency enough to compensate for the cost of the war. i A communication in the New Tork i Times suggests that all factions in Mexico combine and offer the Presl I idency to Colonel Roosevelt. Suppose they should and suppose he accepted, how should we live without him ? And what would President Wilson do if he refused to salute the flag? THE SPENDTHRIFT. The demonstrated incapacity of the Democratic party to make income and expenses balance promises to make the question of economy a more important issue in the campaign of 1916 than It has ever been. For the first time In our history direct taxes have been im posed when the Nation is at peace. Repeal of the sugar duty on March 1, 1916, will lop off another $50,000,000 of revenue. , Unless the situation changes radic ally, the Congress- which meets next December will be called upon to rush a bill through continuing the emer gency taxes, which expire December 31, 1915, and to raise that $50,000,000 from other sources. Either new emer gency taxes must be imposed or the income tax must be increased- II Con gress extends the tax to smaller in comes. It will add to the number of voters who have a direct interest In National economy. If Congress in creases the tax on larger incomes. It may drive capital abroad and delay recovery from business depression. The Democratic party is in the plight of the debt-ridden spendthrift, who can scarcely find a street along which he dare pass, lest an importu nate creditor confront him. PROTECT US FROM OUR FOLLY. Commissioner Daly in opposing the dog-muzzling ordinance presented the impressive but not altogether novel argument that he did not "take much stock ,in rabies." We presume that Mr. Daly does not deny that dogs sometimes sicken and die and occa sionally from something aside from imagination. Also, presumably, he will admit that illness causes a dog to become irritable just as it does human beings,, and that the dog usually ex presses his displeasure with things in general by biting and snapping, not being versed in the finer human meth ods of demonstrating a mean disposi tion. It is the man or child bitten by the sick dog who allows fancies to run wild. It is imagination that throws him into convulsions and finally causes his demise. But sometimes the person bitten by a sick dog takes precautions. He undergoes a series of painful injec tions daily for three weeks and es capes convulsions and death. If only magination afflicted him, oDviousiy imagination cures him. It must be a singular sensation to be able to look with disdain and in difference upon that weakness in others which permits them to succumb to the bite of a sick dog., we wisn we possessed it; then we would not be bothered with sympathy for relatives 4- whose bereavement is not assuaged by assurance that beloved ones have died when there wa3 no need. It is bcause we do not possess it that we suggest that something ought to be done to protect the people from their Imagination. If the convenience or tne aog is more important than the lives of even a misguided and Imaginative people. of course muzzling is out of the ques tion. In that event may we not hope for the adoption of a formal resolution by the entire City Council declaring that it "takes no stock" in rabies? Let us try the power of suggestion from an august and doubtless weit Informed source as a means to coun teract the other power of suggestion to which a weak-minded public is now so foolishly subject. ' THEY TRUSTED THEIR GOVKKJOIENT. The letter of Mrs. John B. McManus to her sister tells, in a few sentences why not only she but many other Americans have remained in Mexico since anarchy began to reign there. After relating: the gruesome story or her husband's murder by Zapata's ban dits, she says: You probably think It strange that 1 oo nnw loavjk Tor tne states. OUL X placed ltks so many other Americans. Here I can support my family wlttt comparative ease, bot to give my property away, as 1 h.u. n rtr: If T left now. and then try to make a living in the States would be perfectly impossible. McManus was one of hosts of Amer icans who went to Mexico during the time of Diaz, engaged in business and acauired property, relying for protec tion not only on the power of Diaz but on their own Government. Other na tions protected their citizens In foreign countries; why should not tne united States? they reasoned. It is very easy for Secretary Bryan to warn all Americans to get out of Mexico and to offer them free trans portation here, but it is not as easy for them to accept. While anarchy reigns they cannot sell what they have for more than a fraction' of its value, if at all. To come away and leave it wouid be. to abandon the accumulations of years, perhaps of a lifetime, to destruc tion or confiscation by the series oi so called governments which succeed each other with kaleidoscopic rapidity in Mexico. The natural inclination of a brave man is to remain and defend his own. hoping against nope mat. oruer will be restored or that his country will protect him. McManus was evidently a brave man whose confidence in the United States had not been destroyed. though it had been severely tried. It Is no reproach to his memory tnat ne fought hopelessly against an army; It Is a reproach to the United States that our flag is so little respected in Mexico that an army of bandits dared to at tack an American citizen. THE STAMPEDE TO BUTTE. The stampede of unskilled workmen to Butte, when news spread abroad. that the copper boom was putting the mines in full operation. Is an object lesson in our lack of a system for dis tribution of labor. Thousands of men have rushed to that city, which is swamped with men whom it cannot employ. These men have wasted money and time in going there and must waste more in getting away many of them to repeat the same ex perience. - . Had a; proper' Interstate system of employment offices existed Butte would have received no more men than it could employ. The mining companies would haver" informed the local office of their needs and the suitable local men would have been employed first The supply ' available at neighboring towns would then have been exhausted before men were brought from a dis tance. As soon as the required num ber had been obtained, notice to that effect would have gone to all employ roent. offices throughout the country, and Butte, would have escaped an un employed problem. Through the Winter, homeless, hun grry .unemployed men have been snel- tered In municipal lodging-houses, refuges and immigrant stations. Schemes have been proposed to open Federal woodyards, . Federal - sewing rooms, to hasten Federal reclamation, to build good roads with National funds. Except as to reclamation, all these schemes are beyond the scope of the Government and should be left to state and local authorities. But the Government can help materially by opening a chain of employment offices under the Department of Labor and by linking them together for the dissem ination of information as to where men of any particular calling are wanted. The needs of private employers can then be supplied and the surplus re maining will 'decide how far public work should be hastened in order that every man may be employed. A good beginning has been made by the Immi gration Bureau and the postofficts. It should be followed up and made to cover every town of considerable size, that no man for whom there is work in any part of the country may remain idle. SETTLKRS -ABB COMING IN. There Is as yet no great inrush, of settlers this Spring, but perusal of state exchanges reveals that in nearly every portion' of Oregon newcomers are reported to be buying property. Taking these homeseekers in the ag gregate they make a' very good show ing better than we have had for a number of years. These newcomers as a rule are buy ing tracts of from 80 to 160 acres, mostly of improved land, and the pur chasers seem to be of the class known as forehanded; that Is, ' they have money enough to pay all or a large portion of the purchase price and enough more to buy what stock and implements they need. They are a de sirable acquisition. It may not be out of place to say a word rather to repeat an injunction that has often been given before to the citizens of Oregon. It is that the people residing in the neighborhoods where these newcomers settle should take as much notice as possible of new 'citizens, particularly the -women of the families. Coming among strangers, they are liable to be lonesome and homesick if left to themselves. Let the neighbors make asmuch of them as possible and thereby show them that we are a sociable and friendly people and are glad to welcome them. . DILEMMA OT THE DEMOCRACY. Representative Fitzgerald has proved, to his own satisfaction at least. that the treasury deficit.' which grows monthly, is not due to. the Underwood tariff. He showed that the cause is Increased appropriations. For the fiscal year, beginning July 1, 1915, these exceed $1,115,000,000. For he last year during which the Repubh cans controlled Congress they were about $1,089,000,000. Here is an in crease of $126,000,000. Thus, on its own showing, the Dem ocratic party is tossed about between the horns of a dilemma made by itself. Its only escape from one horn is to mpale itself on the other, for the at tempt to transfer responsibility to the war Is defeated by the statements of its leaders. Charged with enacting laws which do not yield enough revenue, Demo crats reply that revenue under the Un. derwood law in the fiscal year 1914 fell below estimates by only $1,298,710. Asked why then there is a deficit which may reach $100,000,000 by June 30, they answer: "Because the war has decreased our customs revenue and, in spite of the imposition of emergency taxes, we have spent more than our income." Called to account for this, the Dem ocratic party in Congress, through Mr. Fitzgerald, defends itself by "passing the buck" to the executive depart' ments, for he says: "We have appro priated $47,841,025 less than the esti mates, which were made by heads of departments." As the Democratic party controls the executive depart ments. as well as Congress, it must still take the blame. o POLAND. The Poles have probably enjoyed more genuine happiness since the par tition of their country than they ever did before. The European war has brought unheard-of devastation upon them, but up to the time of its begin ning Poland was comparatively well governed in all Its three divisions. No doubt the share that fell to Austria in the various partitions was the most contented and the German Poles the most dissatisfied, but none of ' them had much'actual suffering to endure. Russia and Germany both sought to suppress the ancient Polish language and had begun a systematic effort to make the people forget their turbulent and futile nationality. This made them feel persecuted and gave the world to understand they - were op pressed. But compared with their condition when they dwelt under their own kings they were happy Indeed if they had only been able to believe it. The Polish people,- apart from the anarchic nobles, never knew anything of liberty. From early times they ex isted either as actual serfs or as free men whom the serfs had no occasion to envy. They had no rights that the nobles were bound to respect. Their only function in the world was to toil and pay taxes, and when this duty had been performed they had no strength nor means for anything else. There is no question that thepeopl of Poland, when the country was tech nically Independent, were the most miserable In Europe. Their nation presented a curious case of arrested development. In all the other Euro pean states the common people had originally been enslaved and oppressed very much as they were in Poland but their condition had changed for the better. This was brought about by the universal struggle between the nobility and the monarch which de stroyed the feudal system and the serfdom on which It rested. The mon arch in his straits formed an alliance with the common people and especially with the commercial classes In th cities, granting them al sorts of privi leges in return v for their assistance against the feudal nobles. This hap pened in England, France, Austria and particularly in Germany and contrib uted powerfully to the establishment of free institutions. But nothing of the sort took place in Poland. In that unhappy country the nobles adopted the plan of electing the King and thus made him their subservient creature. He never was able, even if he had been so inclined, to form" an alliance with the oppressed serfs, who were always left at the mercy of their feudal lords and exploited to the ex treme degree of misery. The Polish civilization, of which we read . such beautiful things in the pages of ro mancing historians, was Intensely aris tocratic, based upon the incredible wretchedness of the masses. The aris tocracy never knew what patriotism was. They were ready to betray their elected King on the slightest provoca tion, and frequently did so. , The.y fought against their own country quite as often as for it, preferred Latin to their native tongue and slighted local customs for the fashions of Western Europe. The political capital of Po land was "Warsaw and the sentimental capital was Cracow, toward which the Russians are slowly advancing across the Carpathians. Both these cities contain an immense wealth of histori cal monuments and Polish national traditions fondly cling to them, but these traditions take their rose hues from Imagination. The reality never was anything but horrible throughout the whole of Polish history. The senseless nobility made a pre tense of governing the country In a diet, or parliament. But they had a rule of procedure which paralyzed every effort. This rule, which Carlyle satirizes with justified ferocity in his Life of Frederick," was called liber- um veto in the Latin jargon which the Poles preferred to their own language. No matter how many votes there were for a measure, any single member of the diet could prevent its passage by his veto. He had only to say, "Ne pozwalam," which signifies "I object." and that ended the business. In other words, a law must be passed by a unanimous vote or it could not be passed at all. The consequence was that Poland was practically without laws. Every noble was an absolute despot on his estatesand the common people had no recourse from the in justice which they dally suffered. This hideous system of mlsgovernment was ended by the partition of Poland among Russia, Germany and Austria, and however much we may regret in our poetical moods the downfall of an ancient nation surrounded with a fringe of romance, common sense corn- eels to admit that the partition was an excellent thing for the country. The history of Poland up to the time of the partition consists of little but fighting. There was a time when it contended with Russia on equal terms for the sovereignty of Eastern Europe In those days Poland extended from the Baltic Sea on the north to the Black Sea on the south, and once its armies took possession of Moscow and seated a monarch on the Russian throne. But this triumph was tran sitory. Piece by piece . its territory was lost to the Russians, and its en ergy waned with every passing decade until it had lost all effectual power of self-defense. The most brilliant epi sode in Polish history was the defeat of the Turks by John Sobieskl. The lnfldel3 had penetrated as far as Vienna and laid siege to that capital, whose capture would have opened the whole of Western Europe to their devastations. Sobieski at the head of a Polish army attacked and routed the Turks, and thus saved European civilization "as Charles Martel had saved It at the battle of Tours a thou sand years before." But Internal an archy rendered Sobieski with all his glory powerless to retrieve the fortunes of his declining country, and condi tions went from bad to worse. The last Polish King was Augustus Poniatowski, one of the Russian Cath erine's numerous lovers. In return for Ponlatowski's favors, which she valued highly, Catherine persuaded Frederick the Great to help her seat him on the throne of Poland. This was the worthy close of the country's futile history. It is now the battle-ground of the contending nations, and the miseries of Its wretched past are re peated and intensified in the frightful present. The vices of censors are due largely to the fact that they are -usually mill tary officers or civilian bureaucrats, whose first impulse Is to suppress news, especially if it reflects on the man or the machine with which they are connected. Were the censors newspaper men. they would think only of whether publication of any piece of news would In any way help the enemy. ineir patriotism couia De trusted to suppress such news, and that should be the sole criterion. M. Marcel Vacher, vice-secretary of the French . Academy, advises the French, since their herds of cattle and sheep have been diminished by war, to raise hogs and eat pork. -But what has become of the frogs? In refusing to surrender an alleged horsethief . to Wyoming, Governor Hunt, of Arizona, is doing more for the state than by sending him to Jail The man has led an exemplary life for four years and with this spur to good conduct cannot fail to continue. Portland will welcome William H Taft, the man, even more cordially than it welcomed William H. Taft, the President, for even those who had po litlcal objections to him as President have no word to say against him as a man. What could The Hague tribunal do to aid China against Japan, as the Six- Companies propose? These are the days of the big stick In adjusting rela tions between nations, and The Hague tribunal has no big stick. When certain other nations' point to a new big gun or big battleship, we can point to a new big dam like that at Arrow Rock, Idaho, and feel that we are far ahead of them. Governor Lister would be wise not to enter the contest for Senator next year. The portents indicate that 191 will not be a Democratic year. Mr. Carpenter's advertising maxims may yet put him in the same class with the great philosopher, Benjami Franklin. Turkey is a delicate morsel to the coyote, but a man up at Stanfleid pur poses to raise several hundred this sea son. That was a momentous event for Portland Saturday when work on th $700,000 Montavilla sewer was started French women want nothing of th women's peace affair at The Hague. Defeat will hardly lessen their losses. . Keep away from Butte unless you have a union card, and even then' con slder long before starting. The corner directory is a help, bu the man from upstate will continue to ask the traffic officer. One of that man Dryden's crossbred hens has the egg honors for the month at San Francisco. What will the three Governors say to each other when they meet at Ce lilo? " The rainless working out. Easter Sunday Is The real battle for paving is on. Italy is driving a bard bargain- Half a Century Ago From The Oregonlan of ,Mrll 26. 1863. Mr. Garrett, of Clackamas, a practical papermaker. Is going to erect a paper ill at Oregon City. The machinery Jb already on the way. Dr. Farnham informs us) that the large quartz mill, bound for the mines f South Boise, which he snipped from here some time since, has been safely taken across the -Blue Mountains and is lndlng its way through the valleys eyond toward its destination. His de vice to get it across the Blue Mountains succeeded admirably. He had a number of sleds made here and shipped to Uma tilla and the machinery was hauled across the mountains on these before the snow melted. In our peregrinations about the city yesterday afternoon we accidentally iscovered a broom manufactory. A real institution for the blending of the ointed Guinea-corn, sorghum or other pedes into the mechanical form of sefulness for domestics. The location of this new institution is on Yamhill, between Front and First streets. From John Brazee. of the Cascades, we are informed of the particulars of a hooting affray which occurred at the pper landing on the territory .side on Saturday, resulting in the death of a man by the name of Browers, who had made a malicious attack on Humphrey, man on the opposite .side of the river. Messrs. Smith and Harris arrived from the East by the last steamer with handsome apparatus for giving pano ramic views and propose giving an en tertainment in this city soon. It will be an exhibition Of the finest order from original views of war scenes, the arious generals, etc. A special committee was appointed last evening - consisting of Messrs. Hoffman, Baker, Bennett and Burch ardt, to solicit subscriptions from our citizens to carry out the funeral obse- uies tomorrow as becoming our city, The expenses will be upwards of $1000 nd the city treasury is not in condition to contribute more than half that sum, and it is hoped people will be liberal. During the Fall of 1864 and the pres ent Spring a large amount of property the east side of the Willamette River, opposite this city in what is known as East Portland, has changed hands in the form of lots and blocks from the original pre-emptor, James Stephens, and many people are no building residences In that section. We see no reason why East Portland should not become a populous city. FARMS AS BASIS FOB CURRENCY Plan Offered to Create More Money and Provide for Rural Credits. CORVALLIS. Or.. April 24. (To the Editor.) There are plenty of people who claim that there is not enough money In the United States with which to do all the business that could be done if there was enough money. When anything becomes scarce you pay more for It: when there is a great abundance in the hands of many per sons you pay less." If this is a true saying it will apply to money the same as to beef cattle, wheat, or potatoes. Money is easily held and seques tered, A few steel chests will hold safely all the money in a state, but not so with your cattle, wheat or potatoes. And money is not perishable. Money in itself is not valuable, for the reason you cannot eat it, use it for clothing or shelter, nor for any other purpose. It is as a representative of value that it becomes valuable. There used to be in the United Stats party called the "Greenbackers They wanted an unlimited supply of greenbacks issued on the theory that there was not enough money in the country and that the needa of the peo ple required" more money than was in circulation. This was not a success ful party for the reason that hard headed men could not be convinced that "fiat money," as greenbacks were called. Issued In unlimited quantity, would not tend to cheapen this fiat currency, and there were those then who remembered, and some now who remember, the effect on business of having u debased currency. An abun dance of money cheapens it just as a scarcity of money makes it dear. The idea that there is not enousrn actual money in circulation for the needs of the country has penetrated the halls of Congress. Some Senators and Representatives are even now pro paring to debate a rural credit cur rency at the next term of Congress. It would seem that a simple plan could be devised for the Issuing of rural credit currency. Suppose that the farmer who has 100 acres of land desires to replace an 8 per cent mort gage with a S per cent mortgage, or to Improve the farm to make It more productive, or to insure permanency for its present rate of production, or for any purpose desires a loan at S ner cent. He would apply to tne gov ernment loan office in his vicinity for a 3 per cent loan within the loan value of his farm, already ascertained by the Government In a general appraise ment. He would submit his mortgage or deed and his abstract pf title, ana the Government wouw, througn its title examiners, ascertain tne validity of his title, which. If satisfactory. would entitle him to a loan at S per cent. That amount would Be piacea to. his credit: he would pay a reason able amount for the examination of his title and the transaction would be ended. The Government would simply print and sign up. the amount represented by his loan and make it available to his order at the place where he was triven that amount of credit, when tne debt was discharged the Government would retire that amount of currency and would be ahead 3 per cent on the amount during the time of the loan. This 3 per cent would eventually take care of the National ounget ana aiso the National debt. J. H. WILSON, Rose Festival History and Date. KANSAS CITY, Mo., April 19. (To the Editor.) I am desirous of learn Ing the origin and history of the Rose Festival at Portland, the date held last year, and the date to be held this year. I have Deen unaoie to ascertain inia here, and It has occurred to me that you might be able to give me the in formation desired or refer me to gome one who could. BURR S. STOTTLE. The Portland Rose Festival Associa tion was organized and held the first Festival In 1907. This Festival lasted one day. Later on the entertainment was extended and for a number of years the festivities covered an entire week. The Festival was inaugurated with an idea of maintaining a great annual attraction to continue the in terest in Portland that had been awak ened in other parts of the world by the Lewis and Clarke Exposition in 1905. - In 1914 the Festival Association "was reorganized and the time'of the celebration was made four days, from June 9 to 12. The dates this year will be June 9-11. Law ot Descent. PORTLAND, Or.. April 24. (To the Editor.) (1) Is a will made by a wom an valid In which she bequeaths all her property to her sisters, if she subse quently marries and dies leaving no later will? (2) Does the husband re ceive any of the property? T. B. U. (1) No. Marriage "automatically re vokes a will. (2) The husband would inherit all the property if there were no direct lineal descendants. Sense and Nonsense. Culled hy Addison Bennett. A Sympathetic Court. North Powder News. The examining trial of Rai Barlow, charged with detaining the mail car rier by offering him a arinK. or uckct, was set for trial at Rye Straw yester day, but was continued on account of lack of sufficient evidence to acquit the defendant. Linn County Urns the Job. Lebanon Criterion. On Saturday of last week 2250 dozen of eggs were taken in by the Lebanon Cash Produce Company, wnicn is in record day for them since tney nave been doing business In Lebanon. From Saturday morning to Tnursday evening. five days, they received ail tola oeuu dozen eggs. Nsst Mean Hasnbnra-s. Estacada Progress. By means of freak breeding and pos sibly by crossing with the chrysanthe mum, most outlandish excuses for poul try are created with ostrich plume headgear, or with the paint spots or pencllingss running in bands, blotches, freckles or imitation eczema effects.- Money r on ring Into Gilliam. Condon Times. Oscar Miller. Clarence McGilvray, Henry Breeding and John Spray came In from the Corn Cob ranch yesterday with a bunch of 166 head of cavalry and artillery horses. The horses were bought by C. H. Turner from W. C. Brown. Who Can Blame Herf North Powder News. There are 260,000 words in the Eng lish language, and most of them were used last Sunday by a lady who dis covered after coming out of church that her new hat was adorned with a tag on which was printed "reduced to $2.75." dyes, Doesn't Keep It. Joseph Herald. . Joseph people need struggle no longer In doubt about the correct time. W. W. Morgan, our jeweler, has Just received a chronometer, at a cost of $200, which gives the exact time at all times holi days, Sundays and all. Yea, at a Distance. Coos Bay Times. They were discussing the war at the Smokehouse, when Jim Kellond wanted to know If one couldn't correctly men tion the children of the Czar as Czar dines. Twill Hit the Tobosrsraa. Sutherlin Sun. If you buy out of town, and we buy out of town and all our neighbors buy out of town, what in thunder will be cone of our town? Ever think about It? Jnst From Sympathy. Weston Leader. We wonder why The Oregonlan re fers to 'em as "single" tax measures, when U'Ren bobs up with another after each successive time he takes the count. A Sore Men la Harney. Drewsy News. Grover Reece was an early visitor Monday after some brick. It looks as If there might be a wedding soon. How about It, Grover? Bill Will Have Mome IMn Meaey. Bend Bulletin. Bill Brown has the larsest number of sheep of the Crook County sheepmen and Is expected to send In 130,000 pounds of wool. EARLY GOLD COINAGE IN ORKGO.N Mint at The , Dalles) Aever FlnUhed, . Although It was) Started. SALT LAKE CITY. April 19. (To the Editor.) In The Oregonlan of April 17 1 notice you quote from the edition of April 17. 1865. that Colonel William Logan had been appointed superintend ent of the branch mint. As I had al wavs sunnosed that there had never been a United States mint nere in urc- gem, I would be glad to have you ex plain the matter. 1 had always sup nospd that the srold coins issued i: Oregon, Utah and the first ones made California were made by private in dividuals or companies. will you kindly tell your many Interested read ers where, when and In what denom InaHon such coin was made In the United States west of the Mlsslssipi as early a date as 60 years aeoT v nen were the United States mints estaD llshed at Denver, Colo. ;' Carson City Nev. (discontinued now), and Kan Francisco and in Oregon, if there was one? L M. BATES. A bill was passed by Congress about 1862, authorising the establishment of a Government mint at The Dalles. Or., and an appropriation of several thou sand dollars was set aside for that pur pose. The construction of a massive stone building was begun, but the money available was exhausted before It. was completed. Owing to some change in the policy of the Admlnistra tion no more funds were made avail able for the work and the Oregon mint consequently never became a reality, The unfinished building was finally sold to some private business concern and was finished and used for other purposes than that for which it was originally Intended. The first gold coins issued In Ore gon, which were the first issued on the Coast, were put out by the Oregon Exchange company, a private concern, in the latter part of 1848 and in 1849, A mint was established for the purpose at Oregon City. The coins were minted from goldalust brought from California and no alloy was used. They were is uorl in five and ten-dollar pieces, but the real , value of the coins was abou 10 per cent more than that. The coins bore the stamp of a beaver on one side and for -that reason were known as the beaver money. There were 2850 of the ten-dollar pieces Issued" and 6000 of the five-dollar pieces, making a total issue of $58,500. The mint at San Francisco was es tablished in 1854 and that at Carson City In 1870. Thrushes in Oregon. PORTLAND. Or.. April 22. (To the Editor.) Please tell me if the species of thrush found in the British Isles is to be found in Portland or any part of Oregon. SUBSCRIBER. The russett-backed thrush of Oregon are almost similar to the wood thrush of the British Isles. Xo Join Illfle Association. FLA V EL. Or., April 24. (To the Edi tor.) Please inform me to whom 1 should make application to Join. the Na tional Rifle Association. E. B. S. Write to S. S. JJumphrey, Yeon build ing, Portland, Or., for desired informa tion. Recognition of a Teacher. Musical America Judge "It senilis to me that I have seen you before." Prisoner "you have, your honor: it was I who taught your daughter to play the piano." Judxe "Thirty years!" .lump In the Dark. Exchange. The trouble with some Americans is that they want to reap before they sow, Twenty-Five Years Ago Ftom The Orejonlan, April 26. 1890. The directors of the various com panies comprising the Northern Pacific Terminal Company have ratified the agreement by which a suitable Union Lepot will be erected In Portland. About $1,000,000 will be spent on the structure. ' Washington. The silver bill provid ing that the Secretary of the Treasury shall purchase from time to time 4,500, 000 ounces of silver bullion each month at the market price not exceeding tl for 371.25 grains of pure sliver, and Is sue Treasury notes In payment thereof in denominations, from tl to $1000. has been agreed to by the Republicans and the free silver legislation seems cer tain. The extremists are not yet satis fied. The ticket nominated by the Demo cratic convention of Oregon is as fol lows: Robert A. Miller. Congressman; Sylvester Pennoyer, Governor; Will lam M. Townsend, Secretary of State: G. W. Webb, State Treasurer; It. F. Bon ham, Supreme Judge; Rev. A. LeKoy. State Superintendent of Public Instruc tion; Captain John O'Brien, State Printer. J. T. Flynn, who has been In Snn Francisco the last month looking after hTs Southern Oregon mining interests. was among the arrivals on the Cali fornia Express yesterday. The first steamer on the Portland- Japan line will be put In operation about May 15. according to B. Campbell, general freight agent of the Union Pa cific. San Francisco. The severest earth quake felt In San Francisco since 16 was felt here yesterday morning at 3 o'clock. Babies rolled out of their cradles during the tremor. Clocks stopped, dishes rattled, chimneys fell and bridges settled. London. Prince Bismarck, It Is said. Is not afraid of the socialists and gave it as his opinion in a dispatch received here that he could see no reason for taking action preventing the socialist festivities on May rlay. Dr. George F. Koehler returned from London yesterday. For four years he has been studying, graduating at the College for Physicians and Surgeons in New York and the University oi .Mun ich, Germany. The stock book, of the Drain N'Jt- ural Gas Company, which have ne-n opened In the office of W. G. Steel, were closed yesterday, all of the stock hav ing been subscribed. The Pendleton Tribune says: "If there is a good thing In the Union party platform that Is not in the Republican party platform, we should like to have It pointed ont.-' On a reconsideration the Bacon block. on StarK, between mirn nu streets, has been selected as the sue for the Chamber of ommrce building. Claud King, 'managing editor of Sports AfleM. published at lenver. Colo., Is In Portland and will remain for a month, visiting various points of Interest. News of Lincoln's Assssalostlon. MON-MOUTH. Or.. April 20. (To the Editor.) How did The OregonUn get the news of Lincoln's asaawolnatlon In two or three days? T had Jut started from Iowa to cr- gan. was two days on tne way. w ik I heard the news. We were six months on the roud, and when 1 got to Port land the first paper 1 picked up had 1 account of Booths capture. P. M. C. Lincoln was assassinated Friday evening. April 14. 165. y a aire, t wire to The Oregonlan. which hai but short time before been completed. the telegraphed news was received at 11 o'clock Saturday morning, April 15. At 2 o'clock that afternoon an 'extra of The Oregonlan was printed and sold for 25 cents. There was no Sunday Oregonian in thosn day, and it . was Monday morning. April 17, IkSa. tnat the first detailed account of the as sassination appeared in the regular edi tion of The Oregonlan. Before wire service was received In Portland there was a telegraph line from Chicago to Yreka, and Portland received the news by stage about three days after it was received at Yrekt. ' British Railroad Pollry. CORVALLIS. Or., April 24. (To the Editor.) Kindly Inform me as to whether the government of England has taken over the private railroads of that country. If It Is possible for you to give me such Information, may i ask you to tell me to what extent the railroads have been taken overr ERIC ENGLUND. To meet the emergencies of the war the British government has taken over the operation and maintenance of the railroads, but not the ownership. It pays the companies a rent equivalent to the dividends they earned In recent years, and, unless its plans should be changed, will return the road to the companies for private operation at the end of the war. riulldlng on Property Line. PORTLAND, April 22. (To the Edi tor.) G. says to build a house or fence one must build 18 Inches from prop erty line. E. says he can build on the line. Who is rlghtT ' A wooden fence can be built to a maximum height of five feet on the lot line. A one-story house must be placed so that the farthest projection will be at least 18 Inches from the lot line. A two-story house must be placed so that the farthest projection is at least two feot from the lot line. Larch Mountain. nRTLEY. Or.. April 21. (To the Editor.) Would It be possible for yon to give me some information about Larch Mountain? How far is it from Portland? What is the actual height from actual sea level? Also, how may it be reached? ORTLEY. It Is 33 miles from the Union De pot in Portland to the top of Larch Mountain. It is 4045 feet high, accord ing to survey. It may be reached by going either to Bridal Veil. Or., or Multnomah Falls. It Is seven miles from the former and three from Mult nomah. Why Newspaper Advertising Pays Newspaper advertising pays be cause it reaches people who want to buy at the time they are ready. The favorite newspaper Is as mioh a part of the hcune as the parlor clock. People turn to it for news Just as they turn to the clock for time. If they want something an adver tisement that tells them how that want may be filled is the biggest kind of news. They respond largely through the storekeepers of their city that Is why the latter are such strong ad vocates of newspaper advertising. i t 1