TIIE 3IORXTNG OREGOXIAN. WEDNESDAY, APRIL 21. 1915.
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PORTLAND. WEDNESDAY, APR. 21. 115.
THK TEST AWAITING TUB NATION.
President Wilson says truly that
;when tho world's affairs come to a
climax with the close of the war "the
test will come, not only of the nations
engaged In the present colossal strug
gle, but for us particularly." The
United States is in the best position to
tiring the nations together In peace
conference, not only because this Is the
greatest neutral Nation and has no di
rect concern in the issues of the war,
tout because Its population is drawn
from all the nations now at war. The
.Nation, therefore, has -within itself the
strongest influence in favor of impar
tial friendship to all tho belligerents,
lor any leaning to c ne side would draw
forth protests from those Americans
ivhose racial affiliations incline them to
the other side.
The test will surely come to this
country and will surely be severe, for
there has not been in a century a war
tho ending of which involved so many
conflicting interests. One nation may
liase its demand for the adoption of a
certain boundary on the plea of na
tionality of the population concerned,
while another may object on the plea
that historically the disputed territory
belongs to it and that strategically the
Wundary should follow a certain
river or mountain range. The highest
diplomatic skill will be needed to rec
oncile such a conflict. If the people of
any territory should be called upon to
vote as to which nation they will join,
a neutral nation may be asked to con
duct the election. The choice may fall
on tho United States, and Americans
may be required to hold the balance
even in a keen racial contest having
its roots in the remote past.
A demand may be made for neutral
ization of the Kiel Canal and for de
struction of all fortifications. It may
be met with a demand for like treat
ment of all narrow connecting water
ways, both natural and artificial. That
would strike at control of the Bos
phorii8 and Dardanelles by either Rus
sia or Turkey, control of the Straits of
Gibraltar by Great Britain and control
of the Panama Canal by the United
States. Vital American interests would
then be concerned, and our representa
tives at the peace conference would be
no longer mediators, but would be
come active partisans. If the allies
were victors and were therefore in a
position to dictate terms, they might
retort that they demanded the Kiel
Canal simply as spoils of war, not to
establish a general principle. If they
were to win their point, the necessity
of fortifying straits and canals would
ie emphasized and we should be im
pelled to make our canal bristle with
guns.
The task of keeping peace between
friends may prove as arduous as that
of restoring peace between foes. Should
Germany and her allies win, the ab
sorption of Belgium and of a large
part of France and Poland in the Ger
man empire would doubtless ensue;
the annexation of Serbia, Montenegro
and Albania to Austria, restoration of
Egypt with the Suez Canal to Turkey,
German control over Persia and Ger
man acquisition of many French and
British colonies in America and Africa
"would be demanded. In the case of a
Teutonic victory, satisfaction of these
demands would probably be effected
with less friction than would be di
vision of the spoils among the allies,
should they prove victorious. If Italy
ehouldJoin the allies she would demand
almost the entire east coast of the
Adriatic, which Serbia and Greece
wish to divide between them. Italy
would wish to exclude Serbia from the
coast, regarding that nation as a mere
outpost of Russia, The greatest
scramble would come about in the di
vision of Turkey and Africa. Each of
the allies would claim a large share of
the former, while Britain and France
would wish to divide between them the
German colonies on the dark conti
nent. American mediators would have im
posed upon them the task of reconcil
ing conflicting claims in the interest of
not only immediate but permanent
peace, also of national interests, and
above all with due regard to Ameri
can interests. The proper performance
of this task will bring into play talents
equal to those of Talleyrand, Metter
nich and Castlereagh at the congress of
Vienna; or of Bismarck and Disraeli at
the congress of Berlin; of Jay, John
Adams and Franklin in making the
treaty of Paris after the Revolutionary
War; of John Quincy Adams and J. A.
Bayard in making the treaty of Ghent;
or of Cavour in procuring the libera
tion of Italy. The men who shall suc
cessfully perform this great work will
pro down in hlstory.among the greatest
Americans.
In order that the United States may
well perform its seemingly predestined
part as a mediator .in ending the
world's greatest war, it is incumbent
ripen both the Government and all the
people of this country to act with the
greatest circumspection while the war
is In progress. Any strong suspicidn of
partiality, even though unfounded,
might wreck the work of our diplo
mats, however able and unbiased they
might be. It is inevitable that, while
the passions of the belligerents are at
fever heat, such suspicion should arise
and find expression, first on one side,
then on the other; but, if it have no
Just cause, it will soon be allayed when
peace negotiations begin. That this
Nation may do its part worthily in the
service of the world. It is imperative
that no just cause of offense be given.
One law says women may hunt and
fish without license and another says
nobody shall do so unless licensed. The
Attorney-General will Interpret the in
tent of the lawmakers, and it is likely
the fair sex will get tho privilege. Gal
lantry probably was the reason for the
exemption, although why is a wonder
in this state of equal rights, unless the
mover of the bill feared some families
would go hungry if the wife could not
catch a mess for dinner.
THE FRANK DECISION.
Although the people will be reluc
tant to question the justice of a deci
sion by the United States Supreme
Court, doubt will persist that Leo M.
Frank had a fair trial, and the belief
will still prevail that, had all the cir
cumstances of the trial been presented
at the several appeals, the final deci
sion would have been different. This
belief will find support in the dissent
ing opinions of Justices Holmes and
Hughes.
When a prisoner has been con
demned to die under such circum
stances, it is desirable that the execu
tive step in to save the law from the
risk of committing an irreparable
wrong. Were Frank's sentence to be
commuted to imprisonment, oppor
tunity would remain to undo the
wrong, at least in part, in case new
evidence should be produced. Public
opinion would revolt against the exe
cution of a man on evidence which
had been so seriously questioned and
afetr a trial accompanied by such vio
lence that two Judges of the highest
court entertain serious doubts whether
the prisoner was not condemned by
lynch law. To execute a man under
such circumstances would injure, not
vindicate, the majesty of the law.
ANOTHER ANTI-TIPPING LAW.
Is that university bureau of legisla
tive research still in operation in Wis
consin? If so it Is not researching
every place where researching is good,
or else its advice is sometimes ignored
by the Legislature. The lower House
has passed a bill which makes it a
misdemeanor to give a tip, receive a
tip or, retairian employe who accepts
a tip.
The State of Washington once ex
perimented with similar legislation and
the record of the law's failure ought to
be available in a state so well equipped
against mistakes as Wisconsin. Tip
ping went on just the same in Wash
ington and two years ago the law was
repealed as uselessly occupying space
in the statutes.
The tip is given by one willing to
give and accepted by one willing to
receive. It is hard to imagine a waiter
or porter who would be so offended
by offer of a fee for his attentions that
he would file a complaint.
Witnesses to the exchange of a tip
so weakly feel that they are injured by
the' gift that they will not report the
infraction of the law. The misde
meanor .is so lacking in immorality
that the authorities will not send out
"spotters" to catch tipper or tippee.
Probably if an arrest were made court
or jury would not convict.
In short, determined public senti
ment is not back of the law. If it were
the law would not be needed, for the
public has ample means outside of the
law to end the practice and to do it
with much less trouble than that inci
dent to appearance in court as a com
plaining witness.
R.V.MBLE8 Or A nEKKCTTVH IMAGINA
TION. The Portland newspaper apostle of
water-front reservation, water-power
reservation, land reservation, forest
reservation and denial generally to the
present generation of use of all nat
ural resources says:
A former Oregon Legislature memorialized
CongresR to bring the forfeiture suit. It was
on the request of that Legislature and other
representations from Oregon, that Congress
ordered the forfeiture suit brought. Did
that former Legislature, or does the late
I.ecislaturo represent the true sentiment in
Oregon ?
On the contrary the Legislature that
memorialized Congress concerning the
Oregon & California Railroad land
grant did not ask for a forfeiture suit.
It asked for a law or resolution that
would compel the company to comply
with the conditions of the grant on
pain of forfeiture or some other suffi
cient penalty". The memorial .Is print
ed on page 517 of the session laws of
1907. It reads:
Your memorialist most respectfully asks
that the Congress of the United States be
and Is hereby requested to enact such laws
and take such steps by resolution, or other
wise, as may be necessary to compel said
railroad company to comply with the con
ditions of the grant, and to enact and de
clare somo sufficient penalty for non
compliance therewith by way of forfeiture
of the grant, or otherwise, as in the wisdom
of Congress may seem best.
The 1915 Legislature instructed the
Attorney-General to intervene in a
law suit not requested by the 1907
Legislature In an effort to protect Ore
gon's interests. Those interests are
approximately $500,000 a year in taxes
and the right of public settlement on
the land, as opposed to reservation by
either Government or railroad.
The imagination of the apostle of
reservation Is exceeding the speed
limit. It makes the astounding asser
tion that the railroad surreptitiously
put through the resolution instructing
the Attorney-General to act and then
so carefully concealed its adoption
from the Attorney-General that he dis
covered it only by accident. Will not
someone draw a diagram or explain
slowly and carefully in words of one
syllable to the, excited apostle that if
railroad influences had been behind
the passage of the resolution railroad
Interests would undoubtedly have sent
the news of its adoption to the Attorney-General
at the earliest possible
moment?
THE MOULIN ROUGE.
The Moulin Rouge which burned
down the other day was one of the
less respectable attractions of Paris.
It was much patronized by foreigners
who .wished to experience the delights
of wickedness without incurring the
rebukes of staid friends at home.
Americans in particular were great
frequenters of . the Moulin Rouge in
order that they might dilate more con
vincingly upon the horrors of vice on
returning home. Few from this coun
try, if we may believe their stories,
visited the resort with other than a
purely moral and uplifting motive.
Their purpose was to learn in suffer
ing what they taught in homilies to
the young.
The Moulin Rouge was of late years
sustained largely by the contributions
of these truth-seeking foreigners. The
Parisians themselves cared little for
its . stupid attractions. The dancing
was rowdyish, the music tough and the
female inmates far from angelic In
their appearance. It was tolerated
because it "put money in circulation."
Americans and other foreigners who
visited the place supposed in their
simplicity that they wer.e seeing the
genuine life of gay Paris and there
fore parted with their dollars com
placently. The establishment that burned down
not long ago was not the original
Moulin Rouge of the old exposition
days in 1889. That resort, which was
opened to fish for the money of visit
ors from all parts of the earth, speed
ily gained a reputation for sin which
was fairly well deserved. Travelers
flocked to it and its shady renown be
came world-wide, but it passed out of
existence and was succeeded by a
rather weak Imitation which took the
name of Moulin Rouge but not much
more. It was a flashy humbug not
genuine even in its viciousness, but it
sufficed to trick American visitors to
Paris out of their money and there
fore served its purpose.
The Moulin Rouge, or "the "Red
Windmill," was never any credit to
Paris and its loss will not be mourned
except by gawky sons of millionaires
who have to seek, some other outlet
for their superfluous cash.
FACTS AGAINST CHARGE.
Senator Chamberlain's charge that
railroad influence was behind the at
tack on the last two river and harbor
bills hardly holds water in view of the
fact that this fight was made largely
by Senator Burton, of Ohio, a man
whose Jcnown integrity places him
about suspicion. Furthermore, in
fighting these two bills, Senator Bur
ton attacked not the appropriations
for waterways that actually offer wa
ter competition, or give promise of
developing such competition; he
fought Items which were plain graft
appropriations for streams that have
no commerce, and that can build up
no commerce worth the name, and in
the main, streamp that, if made navi
gable, would not compete with the
railroads to any appreciable extent.
Further evidence that the railroads
were not backing the river and harbor
filibuster was the absence of criticism
of any one of the appropriations for
the Northwest. The Columbia River,
for which millions have been appro
priated, is decidedly a competitor of
the railroads, and its improvement was
designed to force a reduction in
freight rates. No other single item in
the river and harbor bill so directly
affected railroad rates as the Columbia
River appropriation, taken as a whole,
and yet that item was at no time as
sailed or criticised
The Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers,
which are the greatest interior water
ways, compete decidedly with numer
ous railroads, and yet the appropria
tions for those rivers were not criti
cised or opposed. It was the appro
priations for the unknown and unheard-of
streams, mainly in the South
ern states, that drew the fire of the
opponents of the pork-barrel bill, each
and every item attacked was criticised
on merit alone, and the ground for the
attack was cited in detail In every
instance.
THE UNHYGIENIC CHAUTAUQUA SA
LUTE. There is something to be said in be
half of the Chautauqua, salute. It is
picturesque and the vigorous waving
of a thousand handkerchiefs sets the
air ot an assembly room in wholesome
agitation.' It is a recent verdict of
medical men that still air is far more
deadly than air moving under a gentle
impulsion such as would be imparted
by a flock of waving handkerchiefs.
No applause could be more agreeable
to a speaker or dancer or performing
dog than the Chautauqua salute. It Is
noiseless, emphatic and prolonged.
Alm'ost any person can wave a hand
kerchief longer than he is willing to
clap his hands and to that extent the
Chautauqua method of applause is
more satisfying than the one in ordi
nary vulgar use. It enables an attrac
tion to see his glory in visible form
while it lasts. The handkerchief sa
lute was introduced at the very origin
of the Chautauqua movement and as
far as- we know nobody ever had a
word to say against it until Dr. Brown,
of Paterson, N. J., lifted up his raucous
voice and warned the world that it
sheds abroad plague and pestilence.
Each waving handkerchief bears
millions of germs which are shaken off
in the process of the salute. Some of
them are the advance heralds of tu
berculosis, some of pneumonia, some of
diphtheria. Freed from the meshes
of the handkerchiefs, they betake
themselves to the bodies of the audi
ence and there begin their fatal work,,
The more enthusiastic the applause the
more deadly it is likely to be, because
the handkerchiefs then wave longer
and harder and consequently release a
great many more germs. For this rea
son Mr. Bryan, who is always raptur
ously saluted at Chautauquas, must be
held accountable for many more pesti
lences than a less popular attraction
would. . ,
Dr. Brown insists with true medical
arrogance that the Chautauqua salute
must be abandoned. We value human
life as highly as he possibly can, but
we do not approve of this harsh edict.
We favor some compromise. Indeed,
we can suggest one which might work
well. . At any rate, it is worth trying.
Let the Chautauquans continue to
wave their applause, but enact a reg
ulation that eyery handkerchief shall
be fresh from the wash.
GIVE THE PEOPLE THE TRUTH.
Carolyn Wilson's indictment of the
English people for unwillingness to
tell and hear the unvarnished truth
about the war does not apply to all of
them, but it should have gone further.
The British government is primarily
to blame, for it has prevented the
whole truth from reaching the people.
Not until months after the event did
the real story of the defeat and retreat
from Mons come out. When the Brit
ish lose a position or a trench, the fact
is either suppressed or glossed over,
but every gain, however slight, is made
public. The consequence is that the
people are deluded into the belief that
their army is meeting with uninter
rupted success and that when Kitch
ener's new army takes the field it will
sweep all before it. The censor has
been more frank about naval losses,
but the sinking of the great battleship
Audacious has not yet been officially
admitted.
Though many British newspapers
have been guilty of suppressing unpal
atable truths in the manner described
by Miss Wilson, some of the greatest
and most influential among them have
continually striven to impress upon
their readers the fact that Germany is
united, determined and confident and
Is very far from starvation. These
newspapers have aimed to convince
the people that victory can be won only
by -continued strenuous exertion of all
the nation's resources in men and ma
terial. They have vainly called upon
the government to relax the censor
ship to the extent, of letting the people
know about reverses as well as suc
cesses and about the cause of these
reverses, but they have appealed to
deaf ears.
The stupid censor has furnished the
British workman with a stinging re
tort to reproaches about his slackness
in manufacturing munitions and build
ing ships. This retort was tersely put
by J. H. Thomas, M. P., a member of
the Labor party and a leader of the
railroad men, when he said in a
speech:
The rigid press censorship is responsible
for the workers not fully understanding ex
actly what Is taking place at the front. We
hear of a trench being retaken, but we have
never heard of its having been lost, and I
am perfectly certain that it would be much
better to treat the British people as men
and not as children, and thereby to bring
home to the workers their individual and
moral responsibility.
One bulletin admitting that the
British army- had suffered a repulse
or' had been unable to follow up an
advantage because of a shortage of
ammunition would do more to speed,
up the workmen in producing ammu
nition than would dozens of fervid
speeches by Mr. Lloyd-George.
We in the United States are not in
terested in thi3 matter except as it
bears on the general subject of the
freedom of the press. There is a grow
ing disposition on the part of our own
Government to make public only such
news as, in the opinion of our officials,
is "good for the people," as though the
people were children. Were the growing
practice in Washington permitted
to become firmly established, the of
ficials would give out for publication
only such information as they consid
ered good for themselves. We should
then be reduced to the condition of
what Bismarck called the reptile press,
which is dependent for its news on
official bulletins and which must lick
the hand that feeds it in other words,
must speak only praise of the Admin
istration. Destruction of liberty of the
press is the first step to supremacy of
a despot or an oligarchy; a free press
is the strongest bulwark of democracy.
So it will be found, both in the United
States and in England.
Mary Garrett's bequest to President
Thomas, of Bryn Mawr, is not ham
pered with any conditions. Miss
Thomas may spend the ten millions
for gum and chocolates if she likes, but
the chances are that she will spend it
to enlarge women's educational oppor
tunities. Mary Garrett trusted implic
itly in her friend's good sense, and we
may believe that her confidence will
not be betrayed.
The reprpach that women cannot
fight will lose its point when the new
French regiment organized by Madame
Arnaud goes to the front. The mem
bers are all women and the Queen of
Belgium may become its honorary
commander. Women's part in war has
always been to egg the men on. It
will furnish a pleasing variety to see
them fight on their own account.
It may surprise many to learn thai
sentiment favorable to woman suffrage
is increasing in Georgia. The South as
a wholo Is a stronghold of the antis. Its
medieval traditions and backward eco
nomic state do-not encourage the prog
ress of women, but Georgia may take
the lead toward better things. That
state has. always been ahead of its
neighbors.
Junkmen are a necessity in a city,
but the ways of some are obnoxious.
The habits of individuals of entering
back yards and carrying oft articles of
value, if undetected, border on petty
larceny. An ordinance to regulate the
dealers who buy the stuff is a move in
the right line and the Council should
lose little time in adopting it.
Tent caterpillars, tho enemies of
fruit trees, are uncommonly plentiful
this Spring. They dwell in tents which
they rebuild in a new pasture when
they have stripped a brancli of its foli
age. Spray is only partially effective
against them. The tent with its wrig
gling insects should be cut off and
burned.
Coirumission men are not to be regu
lated by the Railroad Commission be
causo the Supreme Court finds a tech
nicality in the law passed two years
ago, which is very convenient for the
merchants. The menjts of the law are
not discussed.
If what Enver Pasha says be true,
the greatest difficulty in "Turkey's way
is that she did not begin to rejuvenate
soon enough. Had she done so, she
might have prevented the Balkan wars
and consequently the present war.
Tho tide of prosperity among the
missions as well as in worldly affairs
seems to rise and fall with the ebb and
flow of the farmers' prosperity. Timely
rain in Oregon may aid the conversion
of a heathen in Africa.
A speaker at a local church the other
night predicted one power to rule Eu
rope when the war is over, and if two
Emperors and one King hear of It the
response will be that he is a wise
prophet.
Great Britain is waking up, if the
plan outlined in news from Vancou
ver bo true. A land attack on the Kiel
Canal will lead to the most stupendous
slaughter the world has known. Some
body is having a dream up north.
If Nebuchadnezzar could see what is
now going on in his former empire, he
would turn green with envy and dis
gust at his own inefficiency as a
slaughterer. He would then resume
eating grass.
Prohibition in England will not af
fect beer consumption. The workman
will get his favorite beverage; but ar
dent spirits may go. This will affect
the Oregon hop crop to its advantage.
It was cruel to deny Colonel Roose
velt the pleasure of fighting the battle
of San Juan Hill over again. He would
have enjoyed it, whether his audience
did or not.
The commander of the Swiss army
fears somebody will violate the neu
trality of that country. Why worry?
With a running start, one could hop
over.
If General von der Goltz really
wishes to gain the loyal support of the
Turkish army, he should change- his
name to Abdul Something Pasha.
A ten-year bond for maintenance of
the hard-surface roads was one of the
considerations that brought the big
) majority vote.
Rather than buy one car for use of
the City Commissioners, why not get
one for each and put signs on them?
It is Kitchener's move. Germany is
simply holding what she has. May will
be along in a few weeks.
If Italy sits on the fence much
longer she will need a cushion for her
physical comfort.
The stampede of squatters to Alaska
townsltes furnishes an opportunity to
the movie man7-
In other words, Senator Borah would
eat the plum if it dropped into his
mouth.
The Salt Lake ballplayers brought
their batting averages (with them.
Half a Century Ago
From The Oregon lan of April 21. 18015.
The different loyal papers that are
published in this state have been dis
cussing the propriety of calling an ex
tra session of the Legislature for the
purpose, among other things, of ratify
ing the amendment proposed by the
last Congress to the Constitution of
the United States, providing for the
abolition of slavery. Several papers
have strongly advocated such a session,
that the action of Oregon may be
promptly taken in the matter and the
voice of this state given In the affirma
tive and its moral force be added to
strengthen the most important measure
that ever was presented to the Ameri
can people.
By passengers Just down from Walla
Walla we learn that a terrible tragedy
was enacted there on Tuesday of this
week. Many known thieves seem to
have Wintered there and as they dis
appeared in the Spring the best horses
of the settlers seem to have disap
peared with . them. A vigilance com
mittee had to be organized and we learn
two two -men were seen hanging by
the roadside as the stage passed from
Walla Walla to Wallula and the pas
sengers say that 15 men in all are
known to have been lynched there
abouts. The Portland Gold and Silver Tun
nel Company has beet incorporated
with a capital stock of J2.000.0U0. The
incorporators are H. W. Corbett, S. G.
Keed and T. J. Carter.
Captain John ilullan. while in the
city a few days ago, laid upon our
table a book prepared by him. being a
guide to the miner and traveler en
route to Oregon, Washington Territory,
Idaho, Montana. Wyoming and Colorado
via the Missouri and Columbia rivers.
Captain Leon White returned from
British Columbia by the steamer George
S. Wright yesterday. We learn that
he was not as successful as desirable
In the project of securing right to nav
igate the Upper Columbia the British
preferring to let the country develop
Itself but he will go on with his en
terprise and build the steamer com
menced at the Little Dalles near Col
vlile. IT IS FHAMK FOR DIVINE PlCTtRB
Mr. Lancaster Thankful He Could Help
- Build Great River Higkniy.
PORTLAND, April 20. (To the Edi
tor.) My work here is ended. There
Is a time and place for every man to
act his part in life's drama and build
according to his ideals. When the cen
turies were young. God shaped these
great mountains round about us and
lifted up those mighty domes into a
region of perpetual snow. He fashioned
the Gorge of the Columbia, shaped the
course of the broad river and caused
the crystal stream, both email and
great, to leap down from the crags and
sing their never-ending songs of Joy.
Then He planted a garden. Men
came and built a beautiful city close
by this wonderland.- To some he gave
great wealth to every man his talent;
and when the time had come for men
to break down the mountain barriers,
construct a great highway of com
merce, and utilize the beautiful (which
is "as useful as the useful"). He set
them to the task, and gave to each his
place. The work of constructing this
great highway is nearing completion,
all working plans are finished.
I am deeply grateful to the people
or Portland and Multnomah County
who have given me their confidence
and support and I am thankful to God
for His goodness in permitting me to
nave Had a part in building this broad
thoroughfare as a frame to the beau
tiful picture which He created.
SAML'EL C. LANCASTER.
Highway Engineer.
Tesrhtrs' Examinations.
PORTLAND, April 20. (To the Edi
tor.) (1) Please tell me where you
take the teachers' examinations for
public schools in Clackamas and Mult
nomah counties. (2) Can a person take
the examinations for the primary
grades only? (3) Also, I would like to
know if a person who takes the teach
ers' examinations in another state
could teach in this state without tak
ing the examinations here? (4 How
much ioi it cost to go to normal
school? (5) Does a person have to
have a grammar school diploma in or
der to take the teachers' examinations
here? Would also like to know where
you take the civil service examination
for women, when and where.
A STRANGER.
(1) In the offices of the County Su
perintendents at Portland, and Oregon
City.
(2) Yes.
(3) No, It is necessary to take the
examination in this etate.
(4) Write to the State Normal School,
Monmouth, Or., for detailed informa
tion. (5) Yes. The new law, effective in
May, requires at least two years of
high school work.
(6) Inquire of Postmaster Myers
where and when the next civil service
examination for women will be held.
Kamrr Hnrntlmm Pis Record.
WINLOCK, Wasrti., April 20. (To
the Editor.) I noticed in The Ore
gonian April 15 an account of an ex
periment by the Agricultural College
of Oreson on pigraislng. It says, in
part:
"Harold Peterson started with a pig
1 month and 1 week old, weight
pounds."
1 should like very much to find out
where pigs of that kind can be ob
tained. He fed the pig 227 pounds of
grain at the average rate of 2 pounds
per day, which would be about 83 days,
also 714 pounds of skim milk at the
rate of three pounds daily. The milk
would last 238 days at that rate.
The gain in weight on the pig was
133 Vi pounds, which is making one
pound of pork on 1.7 pounds of grain,
with an addition of 5.34 pounds of
skim milk per pound of gain. The
average daily gain was 1.6 pounds, or
almost the amount of grain fed.
Now. perhaps those figures are mis
leading and need correction by a col
lege expert. I obtained nearly all the
education I have from the newspapers
and from actual experience. The best
I can do is between four and five
pounds of grain or its equivalent to
produce one pound of pork.
MARTIN RICKETS.
TO TUB PORTLAND ROSE.
Thou fragrant flower, to whose form
Nature, the artist, has given varied
hues.
Using for her palette the great arch
of heaven.
Whereon the tints of rosy morn, or
noonday's golden sun.
And evening's crimson glow are spread;
And with her brush, the heavenly at
mosphere, dew-bedipped.
She deftly touches thy silken petals
as they unfold.
And, lo! with occult art, and skill un
known to man.
She has produced thee, beauteous rose!
Then for the easel whereon thou mayst
lean.
And come to thy perfection 'neath her
hand.
The fertile soil she presses Into use:
The lawns and curbs of Western city
fair.
Her exhibition hall, upon whose walla
The soft green background of tho
grass close-mown.
The replicas of thy form in countless
numbers rest.
That a'ii the world may view, and
homage pay to thee.
Thou perfect Portland rose!
EDITH J. PERNOT.
BOW TO REMAKE MAP OF EIROPE
Correspondent Amends Bugsestlona
Made by Earlier Contributor.
EUGENE, Or., April 18. To the Edi
tor.) It is encouraging to notice the
suggestions in a letter in The Oregontan
on the war question in favor, of some
thing like a rational settlement of the
same, difficult as it may be. Europe's
problem. It may be said, is as old as
civilization. Included are problems of
race, commercial Interests and religious
sects.
National boundaries, while generally
determined by racial affinities, are not
always eo, or even by all three of the
factors mentioned. It frequently hap
pens that a certain geographical posi
tion has become long established and
practically necessary aa a sort of van
tage ground to the races or tribes in
habiting it. Each one requires so
much space, also certain means of
outlet, or communication for Its
products, or markets, or other inven
tive quality or peculiar mental activ
ity. Not only this but Europe through
the diversity of its races has become
accustomed to the maintenance of a
system of balancing powers, some one.
or lately, two groups of the largest,
keeping Ahe others practically In n
sort of equilibrium. The ideal of a
united government would bo the best
way out of the trouble or situation. If
practicable, but such may not be for
some time, if ever, under the condi
tions of the case. So it Is a question
of which group shall dominate, and in
case of war this will require something
like a substantial or decisive victory
one way or other.
Those having similar Interests,
whether of a political or other nature,
whatever the race, religion or civili
zation, are naturally drawn together
sooner or later, as has happened in
the present disturbance, and the win
ning group will necesarlly dictate
the terms of peace and the rearrange
ment of boundary lines. As to wheth
er the arrangement of boundaries sug
gested by Mr. Du Buy would be sat
isfactory would be a matter of opin
ion. Some might differ on particulars,
but I think on the whole it would be
much better than present arrange
ments, which are manifestly unnatural
in many instances and destructive of
the interests of the peoples concerned
from every standpoint.
As an ideal arrangement I would
make some amendments to the one
suggested. I would have (1) all the
Balkan countries In one confederation
and not divided as suggested, or fed
erated with any other except on its
own initiative, as they are of the name
religion in general and practically of
the same interests, viz.:
Boznia, Servia, Bulgaria, Itoumanla,
European Turkey, Macedonia, Albania,
Montenegro, Greece. Dalmatla and
Herzegovina.
2) The Polish countries, including
Ruthenla. should be united into one
nation, as they were formerly. Bu
kowlna should be added to Roumania
and also Bessarabia, probably.
(3) Trieste, the Trentino snd Istria
should be Joined to Italy, where they
belong by language as well as racial
ties.
(4) The French parts of Alsace
Lorraine should bo added to France
and Luxembourg to Belgium.
(5) Schleswig-Holstein or at least
Schleswlg should be added to Den
mark, as It belongs there by racial af
finity. (6) As to Germany. It might be en
larged or more properly arranged by
adding Upper or German Austria to
it if the disposition of tho Inhabi
tants Is so, though somo think they
would prefer to remain with Austria,
both on account of hereditary attach
ment or training, this illustrating the
principle that race does not always
govern nationality.
(7) The suggestion of the return of
the Channel Islands to France might
be a good one, but the independence
of Holland as well as of Belgium
would have to be maintained, as they
are separate races or tribes with a
history to which they are attached.
(8) As to parts of Switzerland men
tioned, it is a small country and should
not be disjoined without the consent
of the inhabitants concerned, as should
be the rule where practicable.
A. G. IIOVEY,
BI.MM-R TWISE M.IDE 1ST PORTtA 19
Convict Manufacture Would Compete
With 20-Year-Old Institution.
PORTLAND, April 20. (To the Ed
itor.) In trie article appearing in The
Oregonlan April 19 attention in called
to Frank Davey's letter entitled "Find
ing Work for the Unemployed." In the
last paragraph It is remarked that Ore
gon has no factories of farming ma
chinery or binder twine. Then please
turn to page 12 under the heading
"Wholesale and Manufacturing," and
observe running every day through
out the year, "Rope and Binder Twine."
Mr. Davey was a member of the last
Legislature and has been connected
with manufacturing Interests for the
past 20 years, and yet is not aware that
a plant has been in operation in the
City of Portland for the laist 26 years,
one-third of whose output is binder
twine.
One of tho sound and stable institu
tions of the Northwest is producing
binder twine on an average of ten
months out of every year. Thia prod
uct is distributed throughout the north
western section of the United States and
Western Canada. Millions of pounds
have gone into the various farming
communities, and there Is probably not
another activity in the city that has con
tributed more to the prosperity of the
state and Coast than this same com
pany, i
For the benefit of the author of the
article to which reference is made be
it known that should the state under
take the establishment of a plant to
make binder twine it would put a legit
imate industry out of business and
with small profit, if any. to the com
monwealth. It would eliminate a pay
roll for a goodly number of workmen
who have long been identified with this
particular line, and would find diffi
culty In adjusting themselves to other
employment. While there is no prob
ability of such an undertaking by the
Btate, the publication of such state
ments from a man whose knowledge
should have weight does the manufac
turing interests no good, and industries
should have more consideration. It is
surely an egregious blunder on the part
of Mr. Davey.
D. R. YOUNG.
With the Portland Cordage Co.
"Evergreen Chestnut" Not New.
PORTLAND, April 20. (To the Edi
tor.) In The Oregonian is a state
ment that Rev. George F. Schoener,
"the plant wizard of Brooks, Or.," re
ports that he has discovered growing
around the base of Mount Jefferson an
entirely new species of evergreen
chestnut.
Father Schoener evidently has in
mind the evergreen "chinquapin," of
which the botanical name is castanopsis
chrysophylla.
' Dr. W. Van Fleet, an authority on
such matters, says of this tree: "It is
a very distinct plant, lying between
the oak and the true chestnut. There
is only one species known In the
United States, but there are several
others In Asia, Rome growing as high
as lo0 feet. It Is a pity these golden
leaved evergreen chinquapins are not
near enough alike to the true chest
nut to hybridize with them, as the re
sult would be Interesting, but all pre
vious attempts have ended In failures."
Dr. Schoener's mistake in calling at
tention io what he thought waa a dis
covery, will be of benetit to Oregon If
it serves to call attention to the merits
of this beautiful tree. 1 have a small
specimen growing In my own yard.
WILLIAM M. GREGORY.
Twenty-Five Yean Ago
From The Oreronlan of April 21. 1SBO.
Every day durlnir the week past two
or three large families have been at the
International en route from Nebraska
points to Corvallis. A large number
of German immigrants also have been
coming- In.
Seventeen carloads of fat beef cattle
passed through the city the other dy.
en route from Los Baron. Oal., over tlia
Southern racific to Seattle.
The atone foundation of It. Perkins'
six-story hotel at Washington and
Fifth streets is about completed.
C. F. Adams, formerly cashier of the
First National Bank at Colfax, htu
lately of New York, is at the Portland.
It is understood that he is to hava
charge of the Portland Trust &. 6eeurltv
Company's bank. Boon to be opened
here.
Fred Buffum, of Buffum & Pendle
ton, left for Portland this evening ac
companied by his wife. They hava
been In California two or three weeks
on their bridal trip.
Oregon City The hool assessor ri.s
just completed his iissegsmenl of I he
Oregon City School -District and finds
a total valuation of l.200.ono on his
hooks as compared with 00,000 lart
year.
The Northern Pacific lumber mills
are running and are emplovins 273 men
They are shipping a lot of timber for
railroad work East.
COMPOl'SD AXTF.rKDEVT AM fTT"'
"Hla er Iler raacke of Pensntrr lM
"Censls" Re-ferrluar 19 EsiKllah.
PORTLAND, April 20 (To the Edi
tor.) In a short editorial In your
paper recently, beginning with "Who
would he a press censor?" you say,
"That is where the American newspa
per man or woman gets ahead of his
English cousin."
Is that sentence English? If you
write "man or woman" mutt j on not
write "his or her?" Would it not he
much better to write "newspaper man
gets ahead of his English couRin?"
Thus including all men and all women
who are in the newspaper business.
About two years ago you published
an editorial on that very subject, in
which yon said that In these days It !
cofre.t to speak of chairman, news
paper man. medical man. actor, author,
and use the r-'onoun hl only even
kvhen speaking of women. I have often
wondered how many different races
of people there are in this world, all
of whom are alien and foreign to tlif
English people, who are yet cousins of
the English. For many years. I have
read passages wherein tho Americans
have spoken of themselves, as cousins
of the English. fini:e the present Eu
ropean war began I have many times
read where the Germans have written
of the English as "our cousins." Could
ynu tell me if there are any other
races of people In this world Ihst are
cousins of the English, ar.d If so .low
many am what they areV
For my part I am not able to see it
in any other light than that the Ameri
cHns and the Germans are, each of
them, as much alien and foreia-n to the
EtiEllsh people as are the Chinese.
T. J.
In a sentence like that to which our
correspondent refers tii pronoun
"his-' in correctly used to denote both
sexes. The rule that a pronoun must
agree with its antecedent in gender has
exceptions. When a compound ante
cedent includes both exen the pronoun
must, by English usiige, be masculine.
It is not necessary In such cases to
write "his or her." Indeed such a
practice eiiiaeks very offensively of
pedantry. ,
Our contributor is in error when lia v
says that Hie Americana and Germans
are as much alien to the English as
to the Chinese. Both Americans and
Germans are clObeiy akin to the EnR
lish. The Germans are. particularly
near to them since tho original stock
In England was Caxon, Danish and bo
on. This, of course, omits reference to
the Celts who preceded all of them..
Tho English were the original aeltlers
of our Atlantic stales in most ini,tancej
and we all speak the EnglUli language,
or try to. it In therefore vry far from
the truth to say that we ure as alien
to them as to the Chinese.
"TWO KISK."
If ever thou art asked for a kiss, my
friend.
Don't hesitate; but be Mire to compre
hend That a kiss may be asked and craved
from you.
Of a kind giving shelter, and with re.st
imbue
Certain emotions our tongue dare not
speak.
But happily stilled by Just such a kiss
on the cheek.
That other kiss, the rapturous kiss.
Of delirious joy and unspeakable Miss,
When heart awamst heart in a an-
sionate fold.
No vision of rapture outside of thor-o
arms bold
Can see, or crave for aught but that
breast
The fountain of Joy. the haven of rest.
Such exquisite delight comes not on
request
And more often entails a life-Ions
quest.
ANNA GOLDEN.
Vhen Only Taxpayers Vote.
VANCOUVER. Wash.. April 20. (To
the Editor.) The Lgisla.tuie of Wash
ington has submitted to the peoplo to
be voted on at the next election a con
stitutional amendment providing that
only taxpayers shall vote on bond Is
sues. Jn case all the property Is In
tiie husband's name, would his wlfo
have the right to vote?
C. P. BUSH.
Community interest in property upon
which taxes are paid would entitle the
wife to vote at a bond election, under
the terms of the proposed Washington
amendment. The legal presumption in
each case would be that the wife had a
community Interest in property stand
ing in her husband's name; thia pre
sumption might be destroyed, how
ever, by proof that the property waa
the separate property of the husband,
in which event the wife probably would
not. be entitled to vote.
Endorge It For Deposit
Mr. lietsiler, if the manufacturer
were to send you a check you would
pretty quickly endorse It for de
posit in your bank account.
Why don't you do the same when
the manufacturer sends you busi
ness by advertising In this news
paper? j
That business is more valuable
than cash becatse it may mean
permanent custodiers.
Put this business to the credit of
your bonk accoJut by co-operating
witn ine manufacturer's advertis
ing.
i
tShow the geds, push them, let
people know V ou have them.
Then both yip and the manufac
turer will reapa profit.