VOL. LV 0. 16,972.
PORTLAND, OREGON, SATURDAY, APRIL 17, 1915.
PRICE FIVE CENTS.
Jj
FRANCE WEARY BUT
STILL DETERMINED
People at Home Tired
of Shuddering.
GRIEF IS SEEN EVERYWHERE
Intention of Quitting, How
ever, Not in Thoughts.
FASHION'S COLOR IS BLACK
Will Irwin Describes Intensity of
I'cclinjr That Pervades Nation on
AVIkiiii ivrcn Hatred Seems
to Begin to Pall.
:iy "W'liA irtwtN.
CopvrifTlit. -1015. by tha New York Tribune.
I'ubllshvd by Arrangement vith the Irl-
PARIS. March 27. France is growing
mighty weary of this war, and no won
der. This is not to say that France
has the slightest intention of falling
into the German trap of diplomacy and
quitting. I una it
that the nation has
gone through tho
same turn of psy- ;
chology as the 5
young soldier when ?.
first he goes into
battle, lie fears for
a time; in tha first
few days he under
props every human
emotion. Then,
drained of emotion,
he settles down to
tin o.xlike stolidity.
He becomes fatalis
tic. A bullet will get him, or it will
not get him. What is the use of worry
ing? The one sure thing is that he will
not run away. Now Franco feels cer
tain of only one thing; she will not
cult, whatever the event.
People Tired of Shuddering.
Nevertheless tho French people, who
did not want tho war In the begin
ning, have grown weary of it, and
with their perfect emotional frankness
they do not hesitate to say so. They
are tired of shuddering when the post
man makes his rounds for fear that he
w ill drop at the door a black-bordered
government notice stating briefly that
Jean or Jacques This-or-That has gone
forever. They are tired of rigid, stark
economics. They arc tired of darkened
streets and closed shops and a liCo that
poes half-speed. They arc even tired,
perhaps, of hating.
Ask any candid Frenchman, and he
will admit all this. Hut ask him if
France intends to quit, and he will
draw himself up' to his most martial
attitude and say, "Jamais do la vie!" I
Color of Fashion W ill lie lllnck.
Early in tho war a French officer
heaYd two frivolous mondaines arguing
concerning tho fashionable color for
3D15. Ho interrupted to say: "Mes
dtraee, the color of Franco this year
will be black!"
Time has fulfilled his prophecy, and
there is more to follow. Black, black,
wherever you go In the streets, the
shops, the churches, even the cafes.
The women in colors are the exception.
Even they, by a kind of spiritual tact(
wear low, subdued greens and blues
that they may not mock the mourning
of the others. Though the French, with
their innate superficial courtesy, al
ways speak cheerfully to the stran
ger, you catch glimpses which prove
the mourning which lies underneath
the surface.
Last Saturday I noticed from a cab
window a group of women and chil
dren standing in a doorway. Two of
the women were weeping bitterly. The
others stood by, weeping also or trying
to comfort the mourners; a child of 5
or so clung to its mother's skirts, look
ing up with eyes which were beginning
to hold understanding. And a. half a
block down the street traveled tho
postman.
Grief Seen In Churches.
If you would truly understand the
spirit of grief which underlies all
France you must visit the churches.
There, before the altars of the common
.faith, the French people show their
eouls as they are.
I had heard something of the old
Church of Notre Dame . des Victoires.
Before a certain wonder-working
etatue of the Madonna in this church
French officers are wont to vow their
awords in ease they return alive. I
went, in the spirit of the tourist, to
eee this sight. I had no sooner entered
the door than I began to feel like an
impudent intruder.
A mass was ' proceeding, and, al
though this was a week day, the
church was almost filled with women
and a few old men. Not three women
among them all wore anything but
black. They had crowded the little
kneeling chairs which serve for pews
in Continental churches close up to the
altar. They knelt in a huddled atti
tude, which showed an utter abandon
ment to grief and prayer. Before the
altar burned great sheafs of tall can
dles, each lit by some devotee, and each
representing some life out there on the
lino. Beneath these candles were
growing up stands of swords votive
offerings of soldiers so badly wounded
as to be useless for further military
purpn-e?,. but still alive and grateful.
Over the whole scene there brooded,
(Concluded on Page 0.)
Will Irnin.
TURKS DEFEATED
AGAIN BY INDIANS
l-XJRCK OF 13,000 KOCTliD BY
UAYO.NET ATTACK.
Victors' Losses Are 7 00 Men, Due
to I'irc From Hidden Trendies,
Whicli Arc Captured.
LONDON", April 16. The British
India troops have inflicted another de
feat on the Turks in the vicinity of
Shai Ba, Mesopotamia, between the
Euphrates and Tigris rivers, although
at a considerable loss to themselves,
their casualties being about 700. This
announcement was made by the India
office in an official report issued to
night. The report said that after clearing
the Turks out of their positions north
and west of Shai Ba last Tuesday, the
British continued their offensive
Wednesday in the direction of Zobler,
four miles south of the Shai Ba fort.
The Turks were driven out of the
advanced position, and the British at
tack was then directed against their
main line near the Birjisiyeh wood.
"Here," says the report, "the enemy,
whose strength is estimated at least
15,000, including six regular battalions,
with six guns, had occupied a series of
well-concealed trenches, from which
they were able to direct a heavy rifle
and machine gun fire on our advance
troops.
"Nevertheless, our attack drove the
enemy out of his trenches at the point
of the bayonet, and the whole line of
his , position was finally captured,
though not without heavy loss to our
side.
"The casualties are believed to
amount to about TOO men of all ranks.
On the other hand, the Turks were rfo
severely handled that they retired to
N'akhailah, 19 miles northweut of
Zobeir."
WHITE ANGLERS NOT LIKED
lilamatli Indians to Take Steps for
Regulation on llescr-vation.
KLAMATH FAU.S, Or., April 16.
(Special.) That certain regulations
governing fishing by white people in
streams of tho Klamath Indian reser
vation may bo declared this year is
the statement of Indian Agent 'Will
iam B. Freer. There has been some
talk of this among the Indians of the
reserve, who think that their treaty
rights are being trampled upon by the
whites indiscriminately taking fish
from their streams.
Until a few years ago it was neces
sary to obtain permits from the agent
and that rule may be made effective
again. The greatest cause for com
plaint is said to bo the depredations of
irresponsible fishermen who tear down
tho fences, leave gates open or use old
fences and buildings for fuel.
PLEA MADE FOR APPLES
American Consul in London Asks for
Special Treatment of Ships.
LONDON, April 16. An appeal was
made to the rrocurator-General today
by Robert P. Skinner. American Consul-General
in London, for special
treatment for ships detained in Brit
ish ports which carry American ap
ples, because of the perishable nature
of these cargoes. Mr. Skinner said
that thousands of Oregon and "Wash
ington apple-growers would suffer
heavily unless these, detained cargoes
were released promptly.
The American steamer Seguranca
and the Norwegian steamers Albis,
Lapland and JCronprins Olav, all from
New York with cargoes of apples, are
among the detained ships.
FLOWERS TO AID GERMANY
Butter Substitute to Re Made lYora
Sunflowers, Is lteport.
LONDON". April 16. The production
of margarin from sunflowers is the
latest device attributed to the German
government to meet the expected
scarcity of butter, according to a dis
patch to the Exchange Telegraph
Company from Amsterdam. The mes
sage says that the Prussian minister
of railroads has ordered all station
masters to plant sunflowers in every
bit of available ground around the
stations.
Sunflowers, it is said, yield an oil
that can be used in the manufacture
of a butter substitute.
DRILL TOWER IS PROPOSED
Building of Seven Stories Planned
for Firemen's Practice.
A tower seven stories in height and
20 feet square is to be erected by the
fire bureau at Kast Third and Fast Pine
streets as a drilling place for firemen.
Mayor Albee said yesterday that he
would bring the proposition before the
City Council.
The tower will be fitted with stand
pipes, fire escapes, windows and all
other fire arrangements found on' build
ings. Firemen will drill on the tower
instead of on buildings as heretofore.
The tower will cost about $2500.
LIGHTNING KILLS MOTORIST
Cloudburst Causes Slight Damage
at Tonopah, ev.
TOXOPAH, Nev., April 16. Frank
Rothscholder was struck by lightning
and killed while riding on a motor
truck on the road from Goldfleld today.
B. Mcintosh, who was riding with him,
was hurled 20 feet Into a sage brush.
Rothscholder was struck in the head
and his clothes were set on Are. The
blaze was extinguished by Mcintosh.
There was a 'cloudburst here today
but so far as reported tonight th
damage was alight.
EASTERN BORDER IS
ONE VAST FORTRESS
Germans Are Intrench
ing Frontier.
PLAINS CLEARED OF RUSSIANS
No Drives Back Across Line to
Be Permitted.
BITTER HARD WORK DONE
Krert thing Seems to Have liecn
Thought Of That Will Make De
fense Complete Kemarkable
Ttecords Being Made.
BY JAMES O'DOXNF.LI. BENNETT.
(Copyrigh. IIU.-, l,y the hicaso Tribune.
Published by drrangemeiit.)
MLAWA. Russia, March S. Germany
Is doing the intrenching of its fron
tier on Russian territory now as well
as on its own.
From south to north the great key
cities of the eastern borders of the
empire. Breslau, Posen, Thorn, Grau
denz and Koenigsbcrg are protected
and connected by a marvelous system
of field fortifications which make the
whole region practically impregnable.
And far to the east and to the south
of the curving boundary the fields of
Russia are being cut up with trenches
by German troops occupying such im
portant towns as this one of Mlawa,
which lies four miles over the border.
Huwalnn Beinic Driven Back.
Tho plains to the south and east of
Mlawa have been cleared of Russians
for a good ten miles. The distance is
being increased by a few kilometers
every few days, and the boom of the
guns grows fainter and fainter.
So far as I can gather the situation,
tho Germans are driving the Itussians
back on the fortified town of Pras
nysch, some 20 miles to the east and a
little south of us. The more I study
this northern scene of operations in
connection with the activities 70 miles
to the south, whence 1 have just come.
the more I begin to wonder whether
the Germans are not planning to take
Prasnysch, clear the ground well to
the east of that point, and then drop
southeast and come in on the back of
Warsaw.
Grand Circle Seems Feasible.
That would relieve tho troops In the
Bolimow-Rawka region (the "triangle
of death") of carrying the whole of the
terrible burden of the drive against
Warsaw a drive that, if it is directed
solely from the west, must involve
heavy sacrifices of men.
Prasnysch is only 00 miles north of
Warsaw. If the troops now clearing
the ground to the east of Mlawa can
get well beyond Prasnysch and then
make a grand circle to the south, and
(Concluded on Page 2.)
A NICE.
i NO THANKS V !
f FEEL SAFER t
i j
INDEX OF TODArS NEWS
The Weather.
TBSTRKOAY'S Maximum temperature. Sl-5
degrees; minimum, 5:2.11 degrees.
TOO A Vss Kair and. cooler; . northeasterly
winds. -
War.
Will Irwin says France is weary of war but
has no thought of quitting. Page 1.
British Indian force routs 15,000 Turks In
.Mesopotamia. Page 1.
French describe fierce onslaughts resulting'
in ca.pt.ure of heights of Xes Eparge.
1'age 3,
Russians defeat army of picked Germans in
Carpathians. Page .
Germans fortifying eastern frontier. Page 1.
French aviators active along western front.
Page a.
Italy has 1,200,000 men under arms, all mell
equipped. Page 2.
German airman raids England for third time
in 4b hours. Page o.
Doiuewtic
Nelson W. Aldrich dies. Page 3.
Chicago lockout throws 125,000 men out of
work. Page 5.
J. Op den Armour says policy is to exclude
union organizers. Page 1.
SportH.
C Oit st Icaprue results: Portland 0, Venice 1 ;
Oakland 3, ShU J,nke U; Los Angeles I,
ian Francisco 2. Page 10.
Portland poto team -wins Buriinpamo cups
in tourney at San Francisco Exposition.
Page JO.
Recruit pitcher for Brooklyn beats Giant
lu his first major league game. Page lo.
Pacific Northwest.
Willamette Viilley Southern plans to Invade
Salem. Pai;e 11.
Unnecessary and unregulated competition
complained of by power company. Pa?e
Directed verdict denied to ex-Governor West.
Page 5-
Commercial and Marine.
Jnt'wior mills well flour for rail shipment
Kast. Pace lo.
Foreign buying of new-crop wheat advances
Chicago market. I'ac 15.
War specialties register sharp gains in Wall
str-.-et. 1'ajc i.5
Steady progress in all lines of business.
l'u.,,-e 1.-..
Service from Astoria to Alaska promised by
Puqot Sound Company. Page 12.
Steamship Northern Pacific docks at Flavel.
Page 12.
Portland and Vicinity.
Evidence in Sltf..000 damage suit la sensa
tion a 1. Pase I.
Fifty-five of dairies tented rate between
!0 and loo per cent. Page 15.
Publicity abroad and beautlftcation at home
chief benefit p of Hose Festival, says
Kinory Oimstead. Page 0.
Weather report, data and forecast. Page 15.
BENEDICT IS "WANTED"
Albany Friends of II. M. Russell to
Make Homecoming Event.
ALBANY. Or., April 16. (Special.)
Placards offering & reward of 60 for
R. M. Russell, " married or single."
have been posted upon various street
corners. In tho window of a leading
bank and at the Southern Pacific de
pot in this city. They typify one of
tho means of revenge of some of the
county officers and deputies upon Mr.
Russell, who is County Clerk, for writ
ing his own marriage license and be
ing wedded last Wednesday without
telling anyone of his plans.
In anticipation of Mr. Russell's re
turn with his bride, the County Clerk's
office has been decorated with plac
ards, old shoes and gifts of useful
household utensils.
TURKS SUNK BY RUSSIANS
Batteries ou Asia Minor Coast Also
Attacked by Destroyers.
PETROGKAD, via London, April 16.
An official report given out today says:
'Y"esterday in tho Black Sea our de
stroyers sank off tho Anatolia coast
several steamers, two of which were
laden with coal, and several sailing ves
sels, and also vexchanged tire with the
Sunguldaik (Asia Minor) batteries."
COOL PLACE TO SPEND THE SUMMER
ARMOUR WANTS NQ
UN10NMENARQUND
Packer Says Men Have
Other Remedies.
LESS UNREST IS PREDICTED
Manager Thinks Men Need
Not Always Remain Unskilled.
LOWLY BEGINNING TOLD
Man Who Started at $1.75 a Day
Testifies lie Saved More in Pro
portion Than He Toes Xow
as Head of Plants.
CHICAGO. April 16. The Chicago
hearing of the United States Commis
sion on industrial relations, begun two
weeks ago, was concluded today with
a flitting glance at working conditions
and wages in local packing houses.
The chief witnesses were J. Ogden
Armour, president of Armour &. Co.
and director on the boards of several
railroads and banks, and J. E. O'Hern,
his superintendent of plants.
Most of tho questions directed at Mr.
Armour had been submitted to him in
advance and he repeated the questions
and read the answers rapidly from a
typewritten document.
Armour Opposed to Union.
The essential part of his testimony
bearing on repeated testimony of other
that organization Is the remedy through
which workingmen may attain their
rights, was to the effect that he w
opposed to the unionization of his em
ployes. He cited the strike of 1904
when the offer of the packers to arbi
trate was declined, he said. The Union,
ho declared, was crushed, and since
then organizers had been discouraged.
Mr. Armour expressed the opinion
that industrial unrest in the United
States is slowly decreasing. His own
employes, he said, were adequately pro
tected through the privilege of apply
ing to the respective foremen.
The witness said he kept In touch
with employes in their homes through
foremen and the company's welfare
workers. Employes were privileged to
appeal to the president of the company
when they thought subordinate offi
cials dealt unjustly with them.
Mage liwiie "Broad and Difficult."
"Do you believe a proper standard of
living can be maintained by a weekly
wage of Jlii.50?" Mr. Armour was
asked.
"It is a broad and difficult question,"
he replied.
He denied that his company took
advantage of an oversupply of immi
grant labor to pay lpss than living
wage.
Mr. Armour said that he did not be-
(Concluded on Pass 2.)
Friday's War Moves
CHOOSING daylight for their opera
tions, German aviators y' Verday
raided Knglish towns for th- ,. time
in 4S hours.
The hostile areopl?
I"' over tha
oombs were
ouniy or R.ent,
drODned. The
was only mate-
rial and ni'
Meantim rattles are proceeding on
the Continent. Although a thaw has
set in on the Carpathians and tha
roads have been turned Into mud and
districts are Inundated by swollen
streams, the fighting continues. Tha
Russians report that they have taken
further heights in the mountain ranges
and repulsed attacks in the vicinity
of Kostokl and also in the direction
of the Stry, where the Austro-Germans
were attempting an outflanking move
ment. The Austrian make similar as
sertions and disclose the fact that tha
Itussians have been attacking also in
Southeast Poland and Western Ualicia,
apparently with a view to preventing
the Austrians from sending any more
reinforcements into the Carpathians.
In the west comparative calm pre
vails following the reported French vic
tory north of Arra3, w hich would give
them another point of vantage from
which to launch ait offensive when the
chosen moment arrives.
The Hriti.h Indian office reports that
the Indian troops had Inflicted another
defeat on the Turks, who have gatli
ered a large force of regulars and ir
regulars to oppose them in Mesopo
tamia, while the ltusnians again have
been harassing Turkish commerce on
the Black Sea by sinking four steam
ers and several sailing vessels and bom
barding Asia Minor coast forts.
AUCTION SALES VARIED
Vancouver Owners Offer Many
Kinds of Goods for Bids.
v,.cuuLK, wash., April 16. tspe-
cial.) Vancouver's first auction day
at the public market on riftn street
today was a great success and was at
tended by probably 1000 persons.
It is estimated that from $1600 to
J-000 worth of goods changed hands.
Automobiles, horses, teams, chickens.
ducks, beds, plants, stump pullers and
various kinds of farm furniture were
offered. Another public auction will
be held a month from today.
Before the sale, AV. S. Wood, auc
tioneer, called upon Henry Crass. K.
H. Beard, Kdward Curran, 13. o. High
land and J. C. linglish, who all advo
cated closer relations between the city
and country.
GORGAS' TRIP IS OPPOSED
Secretary of AVar T'cars Complica
tions in Kvent of Aid to Serbia.
WASHINGTON", April 16. Secretary
Garrison made it plain tonight that
he would be opposed to having Major
General Gorgas. Surgeon-General of
the Army, accept a proposal from the
Kockefeller Foundation to go to Serbia
to tight typhus fever unless the offi
cer should resign his commission in
the Army.
Mr. Garrison takes the position that
should General Gorgas go to Serbia as
a retired officer, in which capacity he
would still be under tho jurisdiction of
tho War Department, a situation would
be created which might lead to trouble.
Tho avoidance of any such .-ituulluli,
Mr. Garrison added, has been his steady
purpose in dealing with Army officers
sent to Kuropc since hostilities began.
HUERTA'S STAY PROTESTED
Many Mciieuns in United States
t'rgc Deportation or Arrest.
WASHINGTON. April 16. Protests
against the continued presence In the
United States of General Huerta, ex
provisional president of Mexico, have
been received at the White House, It
was learned tonight. In large numbers
within the last few days. Most of
them came from Mexican residents in
this country. Some asked that General
Huerta be deported, others that ho be
arrested arid still others that he be
tried for various alleged crimes.
The protests were sent either to the
State or Labcr departments, as their
nature indicated. without comment
from President Wilson.
FLOOD DESTROYS BRIDGES
Santa I'c Span Over I.lttlo Colorado
in Arizona Is in Danger.
IIOLBKOOK, Ariz., April 16. With
the destruction of three bridges yes
terday and today, the Little Colorado
River flood passed this point tonight.
Proffers of aid from Phoenix, the state
capital, elicited the response that so
far as known none of the 3000 resi
dents of the flood-swept area is in
actual distress.
The crest of the flood has passed
westward toward Winslow, and Santa
Fe officials at that point tonight were
guarding a bridge three miles east of
the town.
Woodruff, which was flooded last
night, appears to have suffered most.
MAN KILLS HIS MOTHER
Slayer Calmly Informs Father, Tlien
Commits Suicide.
LONG BEACH, Cal.. April 16. Ulysses
Clarkson, aged 30, shot and killed bis
mother, Mrs. Alice Clarkson, aged E,
today, and then committed suicide. Mrs.
Clarkson was shot in the back of the
head.
After killing his mother, Clarkson
calmly informed hiM father of the deed,
and then fired a bullet into his own
brain. Letters Clarkson left indicated
that he had become mentally unbal
anced.
POWER COMMITS
EARNINGS ARE CUT
Unregulated Competi
tion Is Blamed.
PLEA MADE TO COMMISSION
Extension of Railway 18 Miles
to Sandy Projected.
FRANCHISE IS NOT VALUED
President Griffin, sM .litn-j
Lighting; Opponent Kcducc I re
ceipts $100,000 i;Hh Month.
Despite improvements.
SALEM. Or.. April 16 S;ieii.iI.)
Peclaring that the company's earnings
virtually were at a standstill ns a te
sult of unregulated jitney bus competi
tion, unnecessary lighting competition
and the business depression, I'rankliu
T. Griffith, president of the Portland
Railway. Light A. Power Company,
closed the testimony today in the hear
ing by the State Railroad Commission
to determine the value of the proper
ties of the corporation.
Adjustment of rates Is thn purpose of
the invi stigation. which has been in
progress for three months. The cor
poration Is the largest in Oregon, and
The Commission has more than SuOO
pages of testimony.
Kltrniilvn Arr I'lnnnrd,
.Mr. Griffith announced thm the
company planned building a railroad
either from t'ottrell, oi the .Mount Hood
line, or Poring, on the Car.adero line,
through Sandy for a distance of 1 n
miles. He said that men, whose names
he was not at liberty to divulge, were
negotiating with the company for the
construction of the line.
"There are 4)0,0'iJ,t0 feet of the
finest timber in the world six miles
from Sandj-, and these men want to
market it in Portland." continued .Mr.
Griffith.
Urtterueala Jlela la Abejaner.
Mr. Griffith predicted that the JHny
bus competition soon would adjust it
self automatically, but he warned the
Commission that proposed extensions
and betterments of the corporation
rested largely with the decision reached
by tha Hoard.
"1 wish to impress upon this Board,"
said the railway head, "that it has threo
duties to perform in making its final
decision as to values and rates. It
should consider the. rights of the pub
lic, the operatives and the stockholders.
The company has 1000 stockholders and
6000.bond holders."
Karnlnan Tleelnrrd lonrr.
He declared that the company, with
out impairing its service, but through
perfecting its system, had greatly re
duced operating expenses. Notwith
standing that, ho continued, the groHs
earnings arc $100,000 a month less than
they wero one year ago. Competition
and increased fixed charges were tho
causes assigned for the condition. The
company, to economize, said tho pres
ident, had not painted its cars since
last August.
Asserting that the company had paid
much more for franchises than their
actual value, Mr. Griffith said he
doubted If any legltitnatc franchise
should cost more than $10,009. He de
clared that economists now held to the
theory that corporations should not
have to pay for the right to do busi
ness and that It was an old notion that
franchisee have actual value.
KranchlHe lrni Glten.
"The Legislature not ho many years
ago," continued the witness, "had this
conception when it passed a law assess
ing franchises on the tamo basis as
'real property. No man has a right to
capitalize a franchise, which hu obtains
today, against tho public."
The railway man said that the land
owned by the company on the Ka.st
Side of tho river from Hawthorno ave
nue to tho Oaks, was not to valuable
as has been thought. It was used now.
ho said, principally for lodging oper
ations, the logs buing floated down (hu
river and held there until they were
transported over tho company's line to
the paper mills at Oregon City.
Water Frontage Valued I-lshtly.
Tho waterfront property, he said, was
of little use for any other purpose at
present, although he admitted that with
the development of the port tho prop
erty would become valuable for other
purposes.
The president announced that the
Crown-Willamette Paper Company had
asked tho railway company to furnish
it a site on the West Side of the river,
near station B, upon which to erect a
hydro-electric plant, but that the com
pany hesitated to grant the request. It
believed that the paper company event
ually would need a great amount of
power, and there would not bo suffi
cient for both corporations and ex
plained the water rights of the rail
way company at the falls at Oregon
City.
TROOPS GO TO TRENTINO
Austria lemoes Men From Serbian
IYonticr, Sajs I'Jeport.
OE.V'KVA, via lx)inlon. April 16.
The announcement is made in Geneva
that Austrian troops from the Serbian
frontier are being sent to Trcntlno.
Many already have passed through
Salsburg.