TIIE MORNING OREGONIAJT, TUESDAY, APRH. 13, 1915-
8
mm
FORT-AUD, OMEOOJf.
EnMrM at Portland. Cur ton. PomtaUict as
second-clsss matter.
Esuscrlplion Rates Invariably in advance.
(By Mail.)
Warty. Sunday Included, one year J-Jr.'
Pally. Sunday Included, all months.... J--
rvaUv Knnitiv lnr!udd. three moDUlB. . .
Zny' Sunday included, one month. .
ai.-y, witnout .unaay. one J"-1
(.00
1.75
.CO
l.Sti
.S0
z.x
-fcJ5aIly. without Sunday, six months
"Daily, with
nut Knni1a.v. three months.
ally! without Sunday, one month...
w rtkij, one year... ...... ..
founder, ore year.... .. ...
eiuna and Weekly, oik year.......
Pally, Sunday Included, one year t9-?2
t?ally. Sunday Included, one month.
if-. L.mtt scnil Postofflc money or.
dr. eapreee order or personal check on your
local bank- btamps. coin or. currency are at
aendera risk, tjive noeiomce saur-aa i- -",
Includlna countT and state.
rauaca Rates 1 to IS Paves, 1 cent: 18
lo il pages. cents: 34 to 4 pages. 3 cents:
CO to t pages, e cents; to v-a. -rents:
7 to kZ pages. cents. Jgrin post
age, double rates.
! Eastern RoslneM Office Veree Conk-
Im. Xew Tork, Brunswick building; Chicago,
itenger building.
' Ma Frasciseo Offle R. J. Bidwell Com
pany. " stsrltet street.
tORTI-AND, TIK8IAY. APRIL. 1. 1914.
' CKICAOO'S BLOW TO DEMOCRACY
f While the newspapers in general
tnaKe no attempt to obscure the other
Issues involved in the Chicago munici
pal election, there is practical agree
ment among all except partisan Dem
ocratic papers that the success of the
Jlcpublican ticket was in large meas
ure the result of discontent with, the
Democrats as a National party, of re
newed confidence in the Republicans,
and of Progressive return to the Re
publican ranks. Mr. Thompson, who
was elected Mayor by the unprece
dented plurality of 148.000, made his
campaign mainly on National issues,
and Senator Lewis accepted the chal
lenge by saying that a vote for Swett
ser. the Democratic candidate, was a
Tote for Wilson, 'though Secretary
Tumulty said after the event that the
result had "no National significance."
: Second in importance was the Ger
man issue, which some newspapers, in
an. effort to lessen the blow to Democ
racy, put in first place. The German
paper Fatherland boasted that Mr.
Sweitzer was nominated by the Ger
man vote and a direct appeal for Ger
man, Austrian and Hungarian votes
was made in a signed circular adorned
with pictures of Kaisers William and
Francis Joseph. The general verdict
in that this proved a boomerang, for it
caused genuine Americans to record
their protest against injecting the war
issue into American elections and they
Toted for Mr. Thompson.
; Democratic factional quarrels had
their influence, for the Harrison fac
tion turned against Mr. Sweitzer, who
was the choice of Roger Sullivan. The
religious Issue also "made its skulking
presence felt." to quote the language
-of the New Tork Evening Post, Mr.
Sweitzer being a Catholic and Mr.
Thompson a non-Catholic. -
The New Tork Herald says "Repub
licans all over the'eountry are sure to
be heartened" by the result and pins
Democrats down to an acceptance of
Its National bearing by citing Mr.
Thompson's references to empty din
ner pails and Senator Lewis' accept
ance of the challenge.
The heartening effect on Republi
cans is reluctantly admitted by the
New Tork Evening Post. It says:
The Republicans won a triumph to which
they will long look back. For them the
m.antn of the flsures la plain. It Is : the
handwriting on the wall for the F'Tun
next vnr. Sot a Mayor for Chicago In 131 J.
hut a President in 11, If, In their view, the
..take for which the battle was fotlsht. Nor
ran It b denied that there is an element of
truth in this. National Issues were Injected
Into the campaign in tha old disgusting way.
The Post then gives reasons why
"Republicans of the better sort can
take little satisfaction In the general
conduct of the campaign." It refers to
the dragging in of the race issue as
'incredible stupidity," to the religious
issue and to the tying of Sullivan tags
on Mr. Sweitzer and Lorimer tags on
Mr. Thompson. It remarks that "the
real issue was not who should be
Mayor, but who should compose the
City Council." The non-partisan Mu
nicipal Voters' League indorsed a tick
et taken from all parties, but two
thirds of its selections were Republi
cans. As out of thirty-eight candi
date for Council, the Republicans
elected twenty-five, they have won a
decisive victory where party lines
were more closely drawn than on the
Mayoralty. With ten holdovers, two
Progressives and two Independents
they will control the Council of sev
enty members.
- The New Tork World tries to mini
mize the political effect of the result
by calling the election a Donnybrook
fair and by saying "the political aspect
of the running was not particularly
significant."
The New Tork American, however,
has no hesitation about reading the
signs of the times. Remarking that
"local issues have always been before
the electorate," yet in the last fifteen
years there has been only one Repub
lican Mayor, Mr. Hearst's paper says:
'.This -tremendous disaster to the Dem
ocratic party is of more than merely
local significance." It reinforces this
statement by recalling that, in spite of
criticism and ridicule. Mr. Thompson
"persistently pushed National Issues to
the front." and it says that "with keen
political sagacity he saw that the way
to overthrow the opposition was to tie
it neck and crop to the Washington
Administration." His success is "suf
ficient proof of the soundness of his
Judgment."
.The Now Tork Tribune soys the Re
publicans "would be more than human
If they did not permit that astonishing
result to strengthen their convtctlon
that 1915 and 1916 were going to be
Republican years." It gives due
weight, however, to Democratic divi-
ions and to the uprising against
hyphenated Americans.
"No doubt of the National signifi
cance" of the result Is entertained by
the New Tork Sun. for it says that, "if
the Administration at Washington had
he approval of the people, no -Republican
candidate for Mayor of Chicago
would have piled up a plurality of
nearly 140.000 in a total vote of 600,
000." Pointing out that Mr. Thomp
son "made his campaign on National
as well as local Issues," it says the
voters "responded with an avalanche
of votes." though there were contrib
uting causes.
The Chicago result, taken in con
junction with the election of a Repub
lican Board of Aldermen in St. Louis,
moves the Brooklyn Eagle to say: "It
Is probable that the Republican re
vival, apparent last Fall, had a good
deal 'to do with It," for "Thompson
made much of his campaign on Na
tional Issues."
The pro-German campaign is be
lieved by the New Tork Times to have
turned many votes against Mr. Swcit
rr. while "in all probability the so
called German vote was as much di
vided there as it Is everywhere else
throughout the. country." '
One factor in the result which is of
great National significance but which
receives only passing notice in most
newspapers, is the total disappearance
of the Progressive party ana tne com
plete solidarity of Republicans. The
Chicago Herald brings this to the front
by saying:
It indicates that the essential condition of
success in 1U16 has been locally realized. It
Is not wholly rash to axsume that a similar
stat of feeling exists tumugnout tne cvu..
rry or may readily be created by the proper
sort oi campaign.
The Herald also finds the influence
of National issues in "the effectiveness
of the appeal to discontent with pres
ent in fltiKtrin 1 .onriitionjl " "
Newspapers seem tohe of practi
cally one mind that the women voters
divided much as the men did, though
the figures show that many who had
voted against Mr. Thompson at the
primaries voted for him at the elec
Uon.
There vet.
Thare is a difference hetwecn a KOod road
booster and a road-bond booster. . . . Let's
go further and make the broad statement
that every adult In Muttnoman uounLy, ex
cepting imbeciles and pessimists, is a good
road enthusiast. Accepting this statement
as fact. It then follows we ait, eacn. sever'
tlv snri collectively, want good roads.
'Then why don't we have them?" you
"Simply because we can't agree on the
method. I answer. rrem an nu-ruu-
bond letter.
A visitor to the Insane Asylum at
Salem was struck by the remarkable
freedom allowed the inmates of a cer
tain ward. Doors and windows were
open and there was nowhere in sight
either a guard or any other sign of
restraint. Approaching one rational-
looking individual, he asked: "Is
there anything to prevent escape of
all these inmates?" "We've all thought
about getting away," was the reply.
"But one wants to go through the open
door, another out of the window, an
other down through the basement, and
another up over the roof. We can't
agree on the method." "And do you
know," said the visitor afterward, in
telling the story, "all those fellows are
there yet."
Roads are never built by men who
pretend to be for them, but object to
any and every practicable plan v of
building them. The Silurian age ia
over, but there are some survivors.
CHEAPER 'SOW.
If Roadmaster Teon's estimate of
$1.20 per square yard for hard-surface
pavement can lie beaten by any con
tractor, or even bv anv discharged em
ploye of any contracting firm', desiring
to set himself up as an authority on
navlnr or hv Anvbodv WhO is able tO
substitute action for mere statistical
guff, so much the t etter, 'mat is wnai
the public wants, and is entitled to
have. But it ought not to be diverted
from the real issue viz., good roads
and a sound plan to pay for them by
any false . alarm about contractors'
profits or workmen s wages.
1.' (-.'.it Tn t clop V m n haR :i nrettv thor.
n.,v, rnactorv of thft nractlcal prob
lems of roadmaking. Not even the
moat intrepid of the anti-bond noise
moioa .oa rinrorl to mipstion the en
tire good faith, or to deride the disin
terested public service, of Mr. -Veon
and the Bensons. These are the Tfcien
who have taken hold of the important
matter of making good roads in coun
ty and state. They have not only done
muKh in thnw the neonle. what better
roads mean to them, but they have
pointed out how to get mem, ana ny
hsv mnprnuslf eiven time and money
to that end. They belong to no con
tractors' clique, and no one will "say
so, and none think so. If the bonds
shall pass, Roadmaster Teon will stand
for a square deal. Of that there is no
doubt, whatever. So will the County
rnmmiclinnnr( wVl fl will let the COll-
tract, or contracts, and who will give
to any suggestion or recommenaauon
of Roadmaster Teon the weight its
merits deserve.
tv. a navnil rnfi fl Is comma-. If the
road bonds should perchance be de
feated, tha advent of hard-surface in
Multnomah County would merely be
delayed. That is all. It is cheaper
1 tn .HiiiM rtnvpd roads now
than do the work by piecemeal, with
lesa benefit to tne people anu -mi
greater cost to the taxpayer.
DOING OIR DCTY As A XECTRAL.
a miiasca inr Von Rernetorffs pro
test against the American trade in war
munitions with Germany's enemies
contains an attempt to convict this
country of partiality, because we have
not obtained from Britain sjausiacuun
for violation of our rights and because
, .. .... nnt followed un our protests
to that country with more vigorous
efforts to secure redress. vv e are ac
rr anti-nsr "pnntrflrv to the real
spirit of neutrality" by building up
an enormous new inaustry oi nr
materlal" which is "supplying only
Germany's enemies." The Ambassador
asks us "at least to use this export
trade as a means to uphold the legiti
me trade with Germany, especially
the trade In foodstuffs'
i to trie wroncs which we accuse
Britain of havinc- done us. we are pro
ceeding to obtain redress In our own
way, which is by diplomatic means, u
possible, and. if that fails, by arbltra-
ti
on. The only other means possiDie
ould be an embargo of force. As to
w
w
hether or when we shall aaopt eitner
of
iho mrans. the decision or tne
Administration will doubtless be die
ted by American interests, not oy tne
tcroota or demands of any other na
tion. ' Any pressure by us lo bring
Britain to terms might react in tavor
German, against wnicn country -ne
have like claims. We intend not to
become involved in their war by dis
putes over matters which we can ad
just without war.
Tne failure of American iooa sup
plies to reach Germany is due to what
is
a
! In effect, though not formally siyiea,
blockade of German ports by Brtt-
ain
AVe cannot deny Britain s rignt
Yii-orlaim an d maintain a blockade
to
provided she makes it effective. We
are -now insisting that isrnain give it
ih name The energy of German pro
tests is the best proof of its effective,
ncss. Our right under international law to
sell war material to belligerents is un
questionable and has not before been
questioned by Germany. The fact that
we sell only" to Germany's enemies is
due to no favoritism. We should like
to sell to Germany and her allies
also. Our failure to do so is due not
to our unwillingness to sell, but to
Germany's inability to take delivery
of the goods. The cause of that ina
bility originates with Germany, her al
lies and her enemies, not with us, so
we cannot be held responsible.
As to the ethics of our traffic in
war supplies, the war has inflicted in
calculable injury on the peaceful in
dustries of this Natlonan Innocent by
stander. Our only means of compen
sation for that injury Is to profit by
the trade which the war creates. Ger
many is in no position to Teproach us.
for she sold implements of war to
Russia, Japan, the Boers and the Bal
kan states during their wars, and . a
shipment of German arms to Mexico
was the immediate cause of our expe
dition to Vera Cruz.
Our own .National interest requires
that we should uphold the right of a
neutral nation to sell arms to a bel
ligerent and the right of a belligerent
to buy from a neutral. Were this right
annulled, a secretly aggressive nation
might manufacture a great, supply of
war material and suddenly crush a
weak, ill-prepared nation, which could
not obtain supplies-abroad. The time
may come .when the United States will
be at war and will wish to buy war
material in Germany or some other
country.- Germany would Insist a
firmly on her right to sell as we should
insist on our right to buy. As the
United States is usually ill-prepared
when war begins, we should most Jeal
ously guard our right to buy arms
abroad. We cannot do so if we re
nounce our right to sell arms.
THE SVMPHONT ORCHESTRA.
The Portland Symphony Orchestra
cldsed last Sunday its 1914-ln season
with a deficit of about 12500. A mod
est guaranty of $6000 had been solicit
ed before the first concert was given,
but the amount raised was only a lit
tle more than half. Tet the unselfish
and accomplished musicians who
make up the orchestra, and who at the
best neither hope'nor desire to make
money out of - their Joint enterprise,
will probably he obliged to absorb
the loss. It Is not at all probable that
another season can be carried through
under such conditions with such, sacri
fice both of time, service and money
demanded of the orchestra. .
The symphony concerts have been
a source of genuine pleasure and
profit to the people who have attended
them. The crowds have indeed been
large, but no such orchestra can live
merely upon door receipts. The
famous Boston Symphony Orchestra,
for example,. te-a financial failure, and
a large loss Is made up every year by
a single generous millionaire. But
the value of the organization and the
educational and Inspirational benefit of
Its wonderful Concerts cannot be meas
ured in dollars and cents. If Boston
were to suffer the symphony organi
zation, tor perish for mere lack of
money, the world would think little
of Boston.
So it is, In largo measure, of Port
land. It seems that funds are not or
dinarily lacking for any project pro-'
motive of the physical progress oi
the community; but It is most diffi
cult to make obvious to the public as
a whole the actual advantages of any
merely artistic undertaking. Tet how
great a part music plays In the life or
any city and of every citizen.
The patrons of the symphony are
for the most part people of moderate
or small means. Tet the thought that
the orchestra Is to be abandoned is
tolerable. Is there no citizen of
wealth, or group of citizens, who will
do on a proportionate scale here what
one single individual has for. years
done in Boston?
F. HOriittiSOX SMITH.
Frnnf !a TTonkinson Smith. Whose
death" Is announced at his home in
New Tork. attained to eminence in
several callings, but he was too versa
tile to rise to the highest rank In any.
He began life as a man or Dusiness,
became later an engineer of renownt
attniiiMl mntitation as a painter in
water colors and at an age when some
men feel that the acme or tneir powers
has been passed he entered the career
of literature and won a place among
mil- riinHniriii.thpd writers of fiction
and essays. Few men venture into so
manr vr.rationn and few succeed in
any as brilliantly as Mr. Smith did in
half a dozen. It was by chance only
that he tried his hand at writing books.
Invited by ms puDiisner to suppty tne
Jejune and artificial letter press which
is expected to fill up the blank pages
in on "art nook " Mr. Smith wrote a
series of stories and essays so enter
taining that they made him a reputa
tion as an author. A succession of
books followed, all of which were
moderately popular and some of them
extremely so. "Colonel Carter of Car-taT-cviiio"
wa nno of the best imita
tions of Thackeray's manner and feel
ing that America has producea ana it
was read with genuine enjoyment by
ih nnhHc whim cares more for deli
cate shades of style than for robust
passion and prefers the raaea roses oi
a. dwavinff civilization to the vigorous
blooms of triumphant life.
Mr. Smith's literary jyie was re
fined and perhaps somewhat over
fiiltivatnd If he naid more attention
to words than to the thought they
were supposed to express, that was no
.qi. .h tha oni of h i ? pneration. His
stories move easily along well-trodden
paths. He seldom shocks nis reaaers
v. n.in!iitv of nlot or evnresslon.
uia untimontfl rp stamped with
Thackeray's seal and his heroes and
hronet - tin nothlna- which the best
society does not habitually do and ap
prove. Of those modern Ideas which
have transformed the literature of the
world and made It a power in the evo
iion of civilization F. . Hopkinson
Smith seemed to know nothing, but
that did not prevent nim rrom writing
charmine books. They also serve who
only make us forget our cares.
UXEX.riXRED REGION'S.
The common opinion that the whole
enrfnno of the oilobe has been thor
oughly explored needs modification.
There are still large tracts wnicn nave
been unvisited by geographers and of
which cfifncfl knows little or nothing.
The fact that Colonel Roosevelt man
aged to discover a hitherto unknown
river in Brazil should warn us not to
too hastv in assuming that there Is
no more room for explorations in dark
continents. According to a writer In
the National Geographic Magazine,
South America is not so well explored
s Africa at present. xne goverti
nii of that interesting continent
have been too much engaged Ih war
fare up to within a short time to pay
mitrh attention to Scientific eXDPdl-
tions. but now that their civilization
has become more pacific and settled
owmnletp surveys are contemplated
with maps' on a vast scale to follow.
In
Canada there are still- a million and
miles of unexplored
a
te
ht
xritorv and most of -this lies within
habitable zones. It is situated in the
W
estern half of the country and exists
In
areas of about the size or ivansas
Ohio. The various tracts are cut
or
off
from the rest of the world by
untains or some other barrier dif
mot
ficult to surmount.
Between the Pelly and Mackenzie
riv
,-ers there is an unexplorea tract
ice as large as all England. Between
a Mani-rmis River and Great Bear
tw
the
Lake there is another region as large
as Portugal which is a blank on the
maps. Along the west coast of Hud
son's Bay there is a region containing
178.000 square miles of which nothing
is known except that It exist. v nat
minerals it may contain, what arable
tracts, what wealth in gems, nobody
knows. Tears ago the whole of North-
western Canada was usually described
as an uninhabitable region covered
with,' perpetual ice ands snow. Now
this glacial land contains million of
prosperous farmers dwelling in com
fortable houses. The soil has' been
found to be productive and the climate
far from arctic. Lately a great deal
of good farm land has been found on
the southwest shore of Hudson s Bay.
As knowledge increases the limits of
the Habitable globe approach nearer
and nearer to the Arctic Circle.
WAR AND ETGENIOS.
' Dr. David Starr Jordan and others
of his way of thinking, teach that war
is deplorable because it kills off the
fittest men ofa nation and leavee the
comparatlvelyinflt at home to propa
gate the human species. Thus in the
lona- run continual fighting entails de-
.eriorialion of mankind. The Medical
Times opposes this opinion. It takes
the position that war "weeds out" the
riffraff and thus positively benefits
the manhood of a cduntry. The men
who fill the ranks are foolish weak
lings, according to the Medical Times,
and If they happen to be killed the
.world is well rid of them.
It would be consoling indeed If one
could agree with the Medical Times,
but the facts of current knowledge and
of history are all against it. As a
matter of fact the ranks of the armies
now fighting in Europe contain the
pick of the various populations. The
physically fit are chosen irat, and it
Is only when they have been, slain that
inferior individuals are drafted into
their places. It is the boast of the
Germans that all ranks and classes
stand side by side at tlie front. Pro
fessor Kuehnemann made a great
point of this in his tlks at Portland
and elsewhere in the United States.
As a matter of cold fact, therefore,
and not of mere theoretical specula
tion," the present. war is slaughtering
the best part of the population of Eu
rope and doing it very rapidly- The
authorities of the various nations en
gaged are o thoroughly convinced of
this that they urg'e the troops to marry
in haste before going to the front in
order to keep the breed up to the
standard.
History confirms the inferences that
we are obliged to draw from current
events. Nations like thoseof Central
America which have been continually
fighting for a long time possess a no
toriously Inferior breed of human be
ings. The long wars of Rome killed
off the best families in the course of
time and left at the head of the em
pire a degenerate stock which was not
competent to bear the burden of gov
ernment. It was the same with Greece,
with the ancient empires of Mesopota
mia and with Europe In the middle
ages. War and human progress are
utterly incompatible and the sooner
we admit it the better."
At the close of Frederick the Great's
wars his army ha-been reduced to a
mere chimera, his best officers had
been killed and the resources of Prus
sia totally exhausted. He was saved
from destruction by England a help
and, by a timely cessation of Russia's
hostility. England is now on the other
side and it will be interesting to see
how the Kaiser comes out of his trou
bles with no Pitt to help him.
Indiana's spasm of political virtue
makes things a little hard for the poli
ticians guilty of election frauds. Their
fines run up into the thousands and
some of them get years in prison. But
It is one thing to Jail a man and an
other to keep him there. Politicians
have an eel-like way of wriggling out
of the clutches of the law, particularly
when the public has forgotten their
sins.
The worst pieces of road In the land
are at the borders of towns and vil
lages. Just within the corporation, and
therefore outside county authority,
and too far from the center of town
to be a matter of clvicprlde. These
terrible stretches are often Impassable
to any but the sturdiest vehicles. How
to redpem them is a question which
calls bitterly for an answer.
A contemporary sheds some maud
n tears because Jack Johnson "can't
v,ocV" tn tho I ti 1 1 pfl urates.
Thank heaven he can't, and for the
best of reasons. For his exile he has
himself to thank. HIS crimes were dis
graceful even to a prizefighter and he
deserves no more sympathy than any
other fugitive from Justice. Th
country is well rid of him.
Banker Schiff predicts that the Pa
cific states will by and by lead all the
others in wealth. Why not in art,
music and literature? The East is
overawed and subdued by Europe. We
are far enough away from London and
Paris to be the captains of our- own
souls. Almost anything in the way of
intellect and, genius may be expected
here.
If-all peace officers were like Con
stable Jack Frost, of Oregon City, who
refused to initiate a suit until the at
torneys put up the expense money, the
era of the Golden Rule, would arise
like Mount Hood in the early morn.
The rascal who fooled a lot of wom
en Into near matrimony .onfy to ab
squatulate with their available cash Is
a villain to Joke about them.
The man who .can fall from the
sixth story and escape unhurt must
have' solved the law of gravity. He
would qualify for aviation.
Since Charlie Chaplin As not seri
ously ill nor retired, the world can
continue to move along in the picture
orbit.
Government might allow the Kron
prinz Wilhelm at least one more ton
of coal without bending the neutrality
laws,
If there be a Slight shower this
afternoon, raise an. umbrella in the
bleachers and get into a fight.
- " '
Must be a thunder storm off Scar
borough, where anything with a boom
and a roll to It 18 scarey.
The Terra Haute colony In Leaven
worth prison is big enough to be in a
class of its own.
If the country needs rain, send It to
the country, Mr. Beals, but keep the
park dry.
Let us go to Twenty-fourth and
Vaughn, anyway, and take a chance.
Keep the turnstiles clicking for
20,000 and watch the Judge's smile.
Those awful Germane are again
bombarding Nancy. Poor Nance!
Jupiter Pluvius, have a heart!
A Woman' Reason! This
Time It Is Not "Because."
'rarntr'a Wife" 9ay "Bait Roads"
Make Her Resident at City, It
Does Many of Others - '
rvORTLAND, April 12. (To the Edl
r tor.) We are Portland taxpayer
Eight years, ago we came to Oregon
with a little money accumulated by
hard work, thrift and abstention from
drink, . tobacco, gluttony and allied
vices. We came expecting to buy an
Oregon farm. Nevertheless, we have
lived here eitrht years In Tortland. con
sumers instead of producers. Only for
the aforesaid plain living and ntgn
thinking we might, today, be unhappy
integers in Portland's army of the un
employed. .
Here we are, farmers by' birth, by
training, by predilection. Why then
are we not on an Oregon farm whose
productive soil' and abundant yields,
the Oregon Development League's
literature tell people In the East so
much about? The answer is bad roads.
To ask a family, having intelligence
and continuity of purpose sufficient to
amass a small capital, to come to Ore
gon to live upon 'the edge of one of
these canals of mud is an insult- The
Intelligent farmer, and particularly the
farmer's wife, refuses to live in an
isolation approximating that of a leper
colony.
In the rainless season, a choking
blinding pall of dust makes residence
near cement works compare favorably.
And In the Winter! Never shall I for
get the wallow of mud surrounding
the creamery at Hlllsboiey (I think it
was), and the filthy-looking milk
wagons drawn up around j the mud
slathered creamery. Mud and milk! It
was unspeakably disgusting. We had
been to Forest Grove that day wading
through seas of mud in search of a
farm.
One perfect October day, we went to
the Tualatin Valley. Here, as every
where we went, the country was beau
tiful. But those grades, almost per
pendicular .swerving and curving!
Coarse broken rock had been, put on the
road, to be carefully avoided when
ever possible, according to our observa
tion. , -
- s
A little later we went out to the
Sandy country to a beautiful place
(potentially), and offered at a low
price. There was a bearing orchard, a
fair house, a stream furnishing the
house with water by means of a
hydraulic ram, and a view unsurpassed.
But no farm could be bought cheap
enough to make hauling to market
profitable over such roads. Even to
reach these wild and woolly roads, the
owner of this farm had to keep up
at his own expense some 80 rods of
road.
We visited several other localities.
In Clackamas County we met our
Waterloo.' We got to within half a
mile of the farm we wished to see,
when we literally got stuck In the mud.
The horses had to be unhitched, the
carriage someway shifted around, and
we started back to Portland thoroughly
cured of any desire to own an Oregon
farm. And so it came about that Ore
gon lost a flrst-claas producer, sorely
needed, and top-heavy Portland made
some gain in population which she did
not need.
Probably our experience can be dupll.
rated a thousand times In this city.
This town is full of laborers, artisans,
etc., who were farmers before they
came to Oregon. Only for bad roads,
these men now would be producers, in
stead of crowding the 'ranks of the
regularly trained mechanics. The In
telligent Eastern farmer, upon coming
to Oregon, takes one look at Oregon's
roads and then does one of three things,
viz., stays In Portland and picks up a
trade, goes to California, or returns
East. .
People say "what we need is
factories." Can factories be run at a
profit In a state that imports most of
its foodstuffs? So let lis build roads
and make the country habitable for up-to-date.
Intelligent men and women,
and the problems of foodstuffs and
factories will take cafe of themselves.
I mav state that some three years
after our Clackamas ' County mud
episode, we passed by that farm. The
road had been turnpiked and mac-
adamed. and this very farm had Just
been sold for three limes the price we
had been asked to pay.
A FARMER'S WIFE.
VOTE WIU FEEI RURAL PULSE
Election Wednesday la Chance lor
Country Residents to Take Stand.
PORTLAND. April 12. (To the Edi
tor.) If the road bonds do not carry
at the election next Wednesday, the
Commissioners will still proceed to
build hard-surfaced roads at a rate
that can be paid for out of the usual
tax after the expense , of patching' up
the old ones has been met, for they
have wisely determined to build only
hard-surfaced roads.
The great bulk of the taxes (about 95
per cent) will be paid by the taxpayers
of the city, and, while all roads out
of Portland are at enough advantage
to Induce its taxpaying citizens to vote
the bonds, yet the Columbia River
Highway will bring more money to the
cvty than any otner road. Tourists are
now kept away from Europe, and the
Ultons they have annually spent there
will be duplicated by millions they will
spend in the West at the most attrac
tive places.
Now. If the bonds shall fall to carry
and an examination of the election re
turns shall show that a majority of the
registered voters in the country pre
cincts . were opposers and don'tcarea
damns, .the Commissioners will know
that the country does not care for good
roads, and it is the writer's opinion
that they will listen to the city tax
payers, who will pay at least 95 per
cent of the taxes, and will devote the
road money, first, to the full comple
tion of the Columbia River Highway.
It is. then, up to those in the country
who really want good roads and with
less expense in taxes than they are now
paying, to bestir themselves and get
out to the polls next Wednesday all the
men and women voters that can be
made to see the advantage of good,
hard, permanent roads at all seasons
of the year. E. F. RILEY.
French Name for Small Farm. "
ENTERPRISE, Or.. April 10. (To the
Editor.) Will you kindly tell me what
a small ranch of two acres would be
called in French, or, better still, an
appropriate name in French for such a
place? ' MRS. C. G. BILTEU.
The French word for farm is forme..
Little farm would be petite fermc.
Suggested French names for a small
farm :
Accueil, meaning reception, greeting,
welcome. ,
Bienvenue, meaning welcome.
A la belle etoile, meaning under the
Stars, in the open air.
A la campagne,- meaning In the coun
try. Champs elysees, meaning elysian
fields.
Demeure, meaning dwelling, resi
dence. Sans eoucl, meaning free from care.
senator tunc Sot Dentist.
GOLDEN DALE, Wash.. April 11.
(To the Editor.) Would like to know
if at one time Senator Lane was a
practicing dentist In the City of Port
land. Or. SUBSCRIBER.
x
Nor Senator Lane is a doctor of med
icine and as such practiced in Portland.
Twenty-Five Years Ago
From The Orosonlan April 10, 1S80.
thiblin Deputies from all parts of
Ireland attended the ceremonlea of
opening the- new town of Tlppcrary
yesterday afternoon, April 12. but ow
ing to some neglect in notifying the
people the attendance of peasants from
the outlying districts wan smaller than
expected. The houses were gaily dec
orated with pictures of Parnell. Glad
stone, O'Brien and other patrioU.
Davitt In his speech said the first care
of the evicted tenants would be. to care
for their poorer brethren. The fact
would redound to the honor of the
Irish name and advantage of the na
tional cause, he said. -
Washington Samuel Jackson Ran
dall, "the noblest of the Democrats."
died at S o'clock yesterday morning.
He took his seatin Congress in 18ta
and retained it without Intermission
until his death, the only Democratic
representative in Philadelphia. He be
came Speakerln 1S76. serving In that
capacity until 18S1. He was the leader
of the protectionist wing of the Demo
cratic party in the debates on the
tariff. (
At last the average Portland small
boy is a happy one. McMahon's, circus
has come to town, and the pavilion has
been spread at Fourteenth street, be
tween I and J streets. The first per
formance will be given Wednesday
April 16.
The Neighborhood Whist Club met at
Professor Burnham's last Saturday
kevening. Those present were Captain
1 1 - . II . . . Tl unJ (.-.. b'.ntnn
U4IU till B. xiul. ui. aim mi . .. -.,
Mr. and Mrs. Ripley, Mr. and Mrs. F.
Northrop, Mrs. Lee Hoffman. Misses
Hoyt, Hersey, Bailey, Merwin and
Gerstel, and Messrs. Paddock and
Chapin. Dr. McKay, Dr. Brown and
Professor Keyes.
Reuben Gant, a pioneer of Tamhill
County and the first man to 'drive a
wagon across the Cascade Mountains,
in 1845, was in the city yesterday.
Gus Marquam, the Deputy Sheriff
who was Injured serving papers on
South Second street last week, is re
ported improving and will be out In
a few day.
!
A number of young friends of Master
George Keller assembled at the resi
dence of his parents last Thursday
evening to do honor to the seventh an
niversary of his birth. Those present
were Katie Habighorst, Chrtatina Zim
merman, Edn i Habighorat, Teresa
Steinbach, Delia Zimmerman, Gertie
Stelnbach. Nellie Hablghorst. Josepn
Keller. William Keller, Ben Honcyman
and Freddy Zimmerman.
Miss Jjsephine Cunningham made
her formal debut to society at the As
sembly Club party Wednesday nlsht.
She wore a dainty costume of white
luce.
The engagement of J- H. Burgard. of
G. A. Steel & Co.. to Miss Jessie Clark
was announced during the week.
It is reported that two of the recent
graduates of the Willamette University
Medical School will soon enter intoa
co-partnership which In all probability
will continue through life. They are
Dr. C. E. Hill and Dr. Sara 8. Marquam.
Thair engagement Is in this way an
nouVired. Dr. Hill was valedictorian,
U .5W ccoedaynO. cmfwy cmfwy vbg
IS DAXCE HAM. OVER-BLAIlEDf
Uevolre of Terpsichore Says "One Who
Knows" Has Narrow Views.
PORTLAND, April 10. (To the Edl-
v in Th. nACT-ontnn Anrll 5 VOU
publish a letter from "One Who Knows
and it strikes me that he Is taking a
very narrow and bluoted view ot the
matter. Because there is an ordinance
covering the regulation of dance halls
he infers they are brew pots of the
devil. Why not abolish automobiles
and peanut wagons from the streets be-
. - - h.tA ordinances covering
them? Evidently the dances he attended
when a younger man were pretty oau.
as I have been going at least once or
.... .A - -inAai? tni- tho nnHt 12 vears and
have not heard any worse conversation
than at any otner gatncrins, aim ou ni
, r .It ...... -ipla u- Vi n have
S-nOW UL Ul icloii mi j r ' ' -' " - -
suffered anything more than a lack of
sleep by attending tne aances.
As for the "crafty and Insinuating"
methods he speaks of I have Tailed to
i . i. .. i , t ,1 not hc.lieve srirls
are any more injured, morally or other
wise, by going to a good, clean dance
than any other amusement place, such
as the City iarK. etc. a ri n"i
times when a girl gets Into trouble
she blames it on the dance halls, when
really her parents are to oiame. nut
knowing where she la going or going
with or when ape gets home.
r . .i u v. a- motyia dances that
go beyond the bounds of decency and
this Is what the ordinance Is for. but
...l tK, whnl lot hCCAtlS S
wily Lwuutiiiii . ....... --
rough crowd get together? Evidently
our friend who knows, and from his
own admission, has not been to a dance
since his younger days, frequented
dance nans wnere tne uanue cnuvu m a
good free for all. After abolishing the
dances what recreation would he pro
pose to a young man or girl who has
been working inside all day ana wouia
tl. n lU.ln nt.VBi.t ,V,)-laP tOffAt.llttr
IllVe M. 1 I . . 1 1 ' -' - - c
with pleasure? Chop wood in the base
ment or mow tne lawnt
u. M. JJAV IO.
WILSON TARIFF ANI WAR CRISIS
Despite Conflict, England Ships V. S.
$2100,000 Woolens In Month.
From Fibre and Fabric. Boston. April 8.
. . . .1.1 - . .i v... - ti -. t mav
be considered authorities that the war
will end before the Summer closes.
Some set June for the finish and
others figure that -September Is the
safest date. Then what?
....... ham an n n . rl the hAKt
J lie v m in&t 1-
blood of Europe has saved the textile
industry in tnis country. uur ""
have had their best business from
France and Belgium, and without us
the armies of the allifs would have
suffered beyond endurance from lack
of clothing. Nevertheless, in Fcbru-
-i so onn Ann wnrih of worsted
ary HJ.-MUJ ....... -
fabrics, over $,00,TK)0 of woolens and
$11 3.000 of worsted yarns were re
ceived from Encland under the Industry-killing
tariff in force.
The end or tne war is nearer mmi
the end of the industry disturbers at
Washington, but for both the end Is
. . . n hltlnri' la
in signt, ana . m ........ ..
shout to be turned that should never
have been written.
. i. ...... -.41.1 f .e-t ra rl ar
even ntu iiiwci. mu.i -' -
must admit that the Wilson tariff Is
a rank Iallure. nunnrean ui mu
sands of self - respecting American
workers also admit It and are eager
for the opportunity to register their
. ..a " tl-A Allnf Of
protest, yet no ".'"'.-"
our industries has been made by the
party in power.
When in strenuous times line t"e
. i i ni . . .1 if r.nnrl, art
present, in x.ne. ... "
true, her mills can send in even J2..iUU.
000 worth of wool yarns and cloth In
a month, what will happen when nor
mal conditions prevail and the full
. .ill..
torce oi uniaii t-ompci.im.ii a m....
pronunciation of Opera.
PORTLAND, April 12. (To the Edi
tor.) Kindly give the pronunciation of
the opera "i Fagliacci."
SUBSCRIBER.
E. d' Allalour. business manager of
the Italian Opera Company now. play
ing in the city, says the correct pro
nunciation of the Italian opera In ques
tion I "E-ral-e-aU-h-ty," giving the
"a" the souud as In what In both instances.
Half Century Ago
rrom Ths Ore.-enlan April 1. lies.
Jefferson Davis provea to be a fail
ure. It Is wonderful with what tenaci
ty of purpose he pursued his favorlia
Idea of secession, until It berams an
accomplished fact so far as stale ac
tion could effect It: wonderful how he
managed to hold to hi Insane pur
pose a great peopla who In obedience
to hie suggestion madly plunged Into
a career that waa virtually sulclrtn
and found In the end defeat. His great
power Is not to be denied.
The State Agricultural Society held
Its annual meeting of the board of
managers last week. In about 40 days
the premium list and rules for the fair
of 1S63 will be issued. Copies will be
sent to every' county and those Intend
ed for the Portland community will be
left at the Farmer office In Portland.
The San Francisco Bulletin In com
menting on Grants high appreciation
of Sherman's merit leads us to remark
how can we help but win battles with
a Genernl-ln-Chlef who knows how
to plan them and with Oenerals who
know how to execute his commands.
The groat quartet of our commanders
know no thought of Jealousy one to
ward another.
A handsome courthouse is being built
at Albany, In Linn County, to be com
pleted in June.
We learn from H. Parker Esq.. that
Hon. Edward Evans and 3. Oarfield
will canvass Yalla Walla and other
counties eat of. the Cascades for the
Union candidate for delegate In Con
gress, A. A. Denny.
Multnomah County Commissioners
have appointed Dr. W. N. Grlswold
Coroner, vice Dr. A. W. Hlckllu, re
signed. On. Wednesday. April 2. the Odd
fellow lodges of Oregon will celebrate
the 48th anniversary of the founding
of the order.
San Francisco. April . The follow
ing dispatch has been received:
"Washington, April 8. To Major
General Dix, New York: This depart
ment has an official report of tho sur
render of General Lee and hia army to
Lieutenant-General Grant on the terms
proposed by General Grant.
"EDWIN M. STANTON."
A fitting celebration of the fourth
anniversary of the bombardment of
Fort Sumter and In commemoration
alao of General Anderson's heroic stand
was held last night. The committee
which made the plans and executed
them was composed of it. W. t'orbett,
H. D. Green. Joseph H'uhtel. Edward
J. Northrup. W. V. Wilrox. W. P. ldd.
Jacob Mayer. Jacob Stltzel. W4!ltain
Bradcn. Henry Wasaerman, . Cald
well, "olonel John McCraken. S. Ross,
S. J. McCormlfk, A. M. tftarr and L. II.
Wakefield, with Mayor Falling. A
torchlight parade was one of the foa
tures.
ARGUMENT riT VP TO LABOR
ti. V. Harry Calls Attention Iublle
Opinion on Road Work.
PORTLAND. April 12. (To the Edi
tor.) I believe all are agreed that
hard-surfaced roads for our couiUy ate
an economlo necessity. Whatever
prejudice there Is against the bond Is
sue seems to be based upon a pro
fessed lack of confidence In the Integ
rity of the County Commissioners and
the roadmaster. This senseless cry of
graft is the offspring of designing
minds, raised for the purpose of Influ
encing the ignorant and r hallow-mlnd-cd
voter. 1 was surprised at the Cen
tral Labor Council placing Itself on
record against tho carrying out of a
great constructive activity meaning the
immediate employment of great num
bers of workers. Tho contention of
the radicals (who have placed the rep
resentative organization of organized
labor In this compromising position)
that they are Justified because the
County Commission refused to fix a
minimum wage and that the money
will be wrongly expended places a
stigma upon the labor movement which
will be difficult to remove. It Is tho
resort ot the Jealous, the spiteful and
the ignorant to cry wrongful motive
at those who have the direction of
publlo expenditure. There was neither
reason nor Justice In their demand that
$3 be fixed as a minimum wage for
common labor. If tS I right, why not
$4 or more? If the condition of em
ployment be taken into consideration
and the need and necessity of the
workers be the only guide In fixing
wages, where want bids against want
for the chance to live and work, tha
low level reached would make society
shudder.
The time has passed, however, when
public opinion will permit cruel and
Inhuman exploitation of the necessi
ties of labor.
This enlightened outlook can be
rightly claimed as due to the educe
tio'nal. constructive and conservative
leadership of the American Federation
of Labor.
It Is a fundamental of the Federa
tion that labor conditions can best be
conserved by organization.
No advantage wrongfully gained or
forced by the power of the organiza
tions composing labor will Inure to t
their permanent benefit.
Labor Is wrong- In assuming It un
fairly treated by not legalising wages.
This is a time of distress to labor, ot
want, of unemployment, and those who
are temporarily authorized to repre
sent organized labor are committing
a great wrong In opposing any move
ment which will bring about better
conditions.
Portland is now experiencing a lull
In business, a condition of standstill,
with its accompanying ill of Idleness
for the workers. Will It move forward
now or later? Vote the road bonds nnd
start th employment of the surplus
labor. This will encourage private
enterprise, will give new life to trade
and will prepare for the further re
adjustment of business consequent
upon the enforcement of the prohibi
tion amendment next January. In
Ihls connection let the newly-organized
Chamber of Commerce-take up at once
and mako their flrat great progressive
achievement the preparation of a meas
ure providing for the consolidation of
our dual city and county government.
This could he voted on at the oom
Ing June election and would save In
county cost enough to offset several
bond 'issues of the size of Ihls one.
O. V. HARKY.
tirttlng Rid of oles.
PRINEVILJ-E. Or.. April 9. (To the
t.i i ritnsA inform me how to get
rid of garden moles. J. H. T.
t- - molo tran. Also wrlto to ex
tension department Oregon Agricultural
College for any scientific weapon they
may have.
t Make Permanent Rod.
. . . .. . V. .
r- ..-urn -t anvanreit hv the
enemies of progress against good
roads Is Increased taxes. The
bond Issue to be voted on tomor
row will NOT Increaoe taxes. It
will substitute permanent hlgh
wass of first finality in lae of
poov rosds, whose cost of repairs
Is greater than the principal and
the Interest of the bonds. Per
manent roads need to be built
onlv once: all other toads In our
climate nel to be rebuilt every
year.
- 4
4