THE MORNING OREGONTA2"", FRIDAY, APRIL' 9, IS15.
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POBTLAXB. rU)At, APRIL 8. ltt.
V AITOMATTO.V.
April 9 is tho golden anniversary of
Lee s surrender-and the collapse of the
Southern ConGedcxacy. The leaders of
the secession movement had begun the
war with high.- hopes and they were
supported by a loyal and enthusiastic
people. The population of the South
was much, less- than that of the North,
fcut since most of the labor was done
by slaves a larger proportion of the
adult males could be drafted into the
armies and hence the disparity of
forces did not seem discouraging at
.first. The South had also the services
of a great many officers educated at
"West Point, a- circumstance which gave
her forces a decided advantage in the
early stages of the war. But as time
passed the population and wealth of
the North told mora and more and
there came a time when the Confeder
ate armies couid obtain no more rein
forcements. The blockade had made
trppHes scarce from the second year
of the war. Tho Federal Government
gradually weeded out incompetent and
disloyal officers and ultimately se
cured the services of Generals fully
equal in the field to Lee and Stone
wall Jackson.
Thus the Confederate chances of
.success waned from year to year. Up
to J.he very last their hopes were
brightened by brilliant victories, but
nothing- could stay the trend of events
and by the beginning of the year 1865
the Federal Government was able to
lay its final plans for the destruction
of the Southern armies. The Missis
sippi had been opened in the. second
year of the war. A little later the bor
der states had been dissevered from the
Confederate sisterhood. Now nothing
remained but to destroy the Army of
Northern Virginia which, under Lee's
generalship, had performed feats of
incredible valor both in attack ana
defense. It was decided to concentrate
upon Richmond both from the North
and the South. Sherman, who had
completed his marvelous march to the
sea through Georgia, was to proceed
northward across the Carolinas and
join Grant's forces before the Confed
erate capital. Thus Lee would be en
tangled in a net from which there was
no escape for him. By February 17
Sherman was at Columbia on his way
north. On Washington's birthday the
Confederates lost Wilmington, the last
port through which they could com
municate with the outer world. Mo;
bile was not taken until April 12, but
at that point the blockade was so se
cure that it could not be eluded. At
the end of March, on the 27th, Sher
man joined forces with Grant at City
Point, near Richmond.
Lee accurately deciphered the signs
of the times as earlyas the beginning
of March and took measures to evacu
ate Petersburg and Richmond. His
plan was to escape by the line of the
Richmond and Ekanville railroad and
after a junction with Johnston to pro
long the resistance of the expiring
Confederacy. Perhaps he designed to
carry on an indefinite running fight
which might have extended to the
Pacific Coast. But speculation on the
subject is idle since Grant divined his
intentions and took prudent measures
to thwart them. It was at the begin
ning of March also that Lec, seeing no
hope of victory, made his first over
tures to Grant for peace, speaking for
the Confederacy as a belligerent
power. Grant referred the matter to
Washington and was ordered to hold
no conference with Lee, since the
terms of peace were a matter for
statesmen, not field commanders, to
settle. When Grant began his decisive
maneuvers at the end of March he
had a finely equipped army of 125.000
men. He had lost more than 100,000
in the Richmond campaign, but the
teeming population of the North read
ily replenished his depleted ranks. Lec
had no more than 60,000 troops, badly
supplied with food and clothing, and
they fought with the despairing con
sciousness that the South had no men
to replace them as they fell. The
Confederacy' as at its ,ast Casp.
Sheridan's cavalry rendered inval.
nable sen-ice in the closing struggles
round Richmond. In an action at
Five Forks on April 1 he disabled 6000
of Lee's troops ajid during the pathetic
flight of the demoralized Confederate
forces toward Appomattox Station he
constantly harassed and finally inter
cepted them. Grant ordered the grand
assault on the Petersburg defenses for
April 2. It was everywhere successful.
The outer works were carried and
Lee. fleeing from Richmond,, tried to
effect that junction with Johnston
which was his last desperate hope.
Grant pursued in three divisions and
Lee's movement to the northward with
the intent of escaping around the Fed
eral left was intercepted by Ord's di
vision. A temporary success at this
point encouraged Lee to demand fa
vorable peace terms from Grant, but
the best he. could obtain required his
troops to lay down their arms and go
home on parole. There was no con
cession of belligerent standing. Lee
rejected Grant's terms for the mo
ment, but tho next morning, when he
found Sheridan's cavalry with a strong
support of infantry drawn up across
his path at Appomattox Station, he
yielded to the inevitable and agreed
to surrender.
The arrangements were made in the
house of a Mr. McLean. Grant ap
peared in a shabby uniform without
his sword. Lee wore a fine new suit
which the falling Confederate govern
ment had presented to him. The great
Army of Northern Virginia, once o
proudly victorious, was now brought
low. The mighty Confederacy which
onre seemed able to build a conti
nental empire on the foundation of
slavery was now in ruins. To the poor
defeated soldiers Grant gave permis
sion to ride their horses home and
seed their land for the next year's
crops. Thus with the promise of kind
ly concession and the mutual forgive-ctss-of
injuries the reconstruction, of
the dissevered states began. And so it
would have continued had not the
President, whose soul was too lofty for
malice and his heart too great lor re
sentment, been struck down by a
maniac before his mighty work was
complete.
PLAIN FACTS
The annual road levy on Multnomah
County for many years has ranged
from one to two mills. The average
is about 1 millsT It is a direct tax.
Every taxpayer contributes his share.
Now it is proposed by a, bond Issue
of J1,250,0(W to lay permanent hard
surface, roads on certain designated
main thoroughfares. It is desirable
it is important, and even necessary
lowing to the-heavy usage of the prin
cipal roads, that the work be dons
forthwith. The alternative is heavy
annual maintenance, and repair cost.
It appears not to be understood that
there will be no increase in the road
tax levy because of the bond issue.
One-fifth of a mill per year will take
care of the interest on the bonds (62,
500), with a decreasing interest charge
when the serial bonds begin to be re
deemed, in the fifth year. At that
time one-half mill ought to be suffi
cient, with a diminishing rate for ten
years, until the bonds are all paid.
The alternative to the bonds, if they
are defeated, is to continue the present
costly system of road construction and
maintenance.
It will cost more and more as time
goes on. Or the County Court, upon
its own initiative, may embark on
policy of paving the roads and paying
for them by direct taxation. This will
doubtless be done, for it must be done.
if Multnomah County is to have roads
that will stand the wear and tear of
present-day traffic.
The building of seventy miles of
hard-surface roads will cut off at once
the present maintenance charge of
J70.000 per year and J10.000 for oil
ing, or SO,000 for all. These items
alone exceed the maximum Interest
charge on the bonds.
It is sound business policy to vote
these bonds... It means no Increase in
the road tax. It brings permanent
roads. It employs labor. It benefits
the county and state. It spells prog
ress. speak iTr.
To make political capital, many
scandalous untruths have been told
about the replacement of Major
Bowlby as State Engineer. State Treas
urer Kay enumerates some of them in
a letter published in The Oregonian
today.
This letter, although directed to the
chief offender against the truth, the
Portland Journal, has not been pub
lished by that newspaper. On the other
hand, the statement that Mr. Kay and
the Governor intended o have a dou
bleheaded Highway Engineer's office,
with two engineers drawing $3000
each, was again published by the
Journal after Mr. Kay's specific denial
was in its hands.
Mr. Kay denies the truth of the fol
lowing charges made by the Journal:
(1) That the board considered or
intended to consider the appointment
of two engineers.
(2) That Mr. Kay had promised to
fsupport Mr. Lucius for State Engineer.
(3) That Senator Day urged Mr.
Kay to support Lucius.
(4) That there was a disagreement
or deadlock between the Governor and
Mr. Kay over the appointment.
(5) That Mr. Kay wanted Mr. Laur
gaard to finish the work now under
way.
These are serious counter charges,
coming from a state officer of the
widest reputation in Oregon for truth
and honesty. They cannot be ignored
with decency or honor by the news
paper against w hich they are directed.
FALSE CRY OP CRAFT.
There appeared yesterday on the
streets of Portland an anonymous
card, printed with the union label,
bearing in bold type the following
legend:
F7IGHTY ror rent of the amount raHed by
pood road bonds will 50 tor GRAFT, or
profits ur royalties aa you may call it.
Vote no. .
It is small wonder that the author
or authors of a statement so uncon
scionably false should wish to remain
unknown. Tho general distribution of
the card,' however, shows that it is
part of an organized propaganda
against the road bonds. Is there so
little merit to the campaign against
good roads that the opposition can
do naught but circulate such mis
chievous nonsense about the proposal?
There is a remedy against such
methods. The statutes of Oregon
(section 3519) provide:
It shalt lie unlawful to write, print or
circulate thrnufrh the mails or otherwise
anv letter, circular, bill, placard or poster
relative to any election or to any candidate
at any election unless th same shall bear
on its face tho name and address of the
author and of the printer and publisher
thereof, t Penalty. line not ies man nor
more than S1U00.)
What do the labor union leaders.
who offered to deliver the labor vots
for the bonds for a 3-per-man-per-
day-consideration, know about this
latest anti-roads slander.'
CAUSES OF lflUH OCEAN FREIGHT.
An impression prevails among those
who view the recent rise in ocean
freight rates on the surface only that
it is practically all profit to the
shipowner. A large proportion cer
tainly is, for the National City Bank
says in its monthly bulletin that a
careful estimate places at 23 per cent
the amount of the world's tonnage
which has been withdrawn from the
world's market by the war. The actual
deficiency is greater than these figures
indicate, for most of the fastest and
best ships have been- commandeered
for military use and the shortage of
men at European ports, tho crowding
of ports and the heavy loading of ships
have greatly increased the time con
sumed between loading and unloading.
Actual efficiency of available tonnage
has probably been reduced one-half
and is a loss borne by the owner.
Shipowners now receive 100 shillings
a ton for voyages which would ordina
rily pay 15 to 25 shillings. Much of
this addition is eaten up In the man
ner indicated. This would still leave
a very fat profit if there were not
other unusual expenses to bear. Ma
rine insurance rates have increased
even more than freight rates, because
of greater dangers to navigation, aside
from direct war risks. Lights are out
in many ports, buoys are missing, ves
sels move at night without lights and
salvage craft have been withdrawn
from service. War risk insurance Is
from 1 to 5 per cent, being less on
nentral than belligerent ships, on fast
ships -than slow, and on ships bound
for easily accessible ports. All in all,
the total cost of insurance is many
times the normal rate. The balance
of movement has been disturbed, so
that return cargoes often cannot be ob
tained.
The high freight and insurance rates
have greatly increased the price of
goods and. though there js a shortage
of ships, consumption must have been
affected to a degree which reduces the
ordinary volume of trade. Everybody,
therefore, helps to pay the cost of a
war. This is obviously true of coun
tries in the" immediate lone of hostili
ties, but it is true in general also
Thus the United States and Argentina
are both neutral and there has been
ho fighting near either country since
the battle of the Falklands, but the
cost of moving their commerce and the
cost of goods they sell each is en
banced by the war. No nation can live
unto Itself in these daj-s.-
THK CURB OF COUS.
At last the cause of colds has been
proclaimed. We refer to "common
colds," those grippes, epizootics and
influenzas which periodically devastate
tho land and lay waste the happiness
of mankind. The promulgator of the
new doctrine is Dr. G. S. C. Badger
of Harvard, who says that "common
colds are due solely to contact with
somebody who already has a cold."
Ho added with scientific sternness
that "there is no known cure except
perhaps going to bed for forty-eight
hours."
This pleasing remedy most people
would be only too glad to apply not
only to colds, but to many another ill
that flesh is heir to. If they only couia.
Ttie difficulty is that "poor, harassed
man has to keep going, sick or well,
as long as he can stand on his feet.
The most popular cure for colds is
the "wearing out process, lhe od
iection to it is that the cold is apt to
wear out the patient first. There is
a noDular contempt for this deceptive
ly mild disease, but It slays its tens of
thousands, while diphtheria and pneu
monia only slay their thousands.
Dr. Badger's point is that colds are
virulently contagious and nobody who
has caught one should go abroad to
spread the nuisance. If one were prop
erly mindful of his duty to others he
would stay at home until he ceased to
be a center of infection. Since few
can fulfill this counsel of righteous
ness; Dr. Badger lays down some rules
to mitigate the danger of contagion.
The most important of them is "never,
when you have a cold, speak directly
into another person's face," because if
you do you bombard his susceptible
membranes with germs. If Dr.
Badger's advice were followed few
people would ever contract colds if
they lived hygienicaUy. But as long
as we dwell in tight houses and sleep
with closed windows we must expect
to suffer these and a thousand other
unnecessary ills.
l-RCDK HAS ITS FALL.
Fame is indeed fleeting. Oregon was
the first state in the Union to adopt
the Presidential primary. It was in
this state that the Idea originated.
But along comes Collier's Magazine
and announces, at least by omission
or elimination, that Oregon does not
possess a real Presidential primary.
Here is the bitter, bitter charge:
The present 'writer has made a detailed
investigation of all the primary laws affect
in!? the Presidential nomination now on the
statute books of any of the states. These
direct primary laws, so far aa they affect
the Presidential nomination, arc in effect
negligible. Only two of them provide for a
primary vote on the names of candidates
for the Presidential nomination. Those are
Maryland and Illinois, with seventy-four
delegates out of more than a thousand.
Just the same, the Oregon law au-hsi-i-rac
Vila snnnnrtpr.o to nresent the
name of any Presidential candidate by
petition. The name of the canuiaate
goes on the ballot just as do the names
of aspirants for nomination to any
other office and is voted for in the
same manner. But perhaps, this is in
tended as a qualification:
As a matter of fart. In nearly all the
cases thev are not really Presidential pri
maries Thev are merely primaries for the
election of delegates to tho National con
ventions. Of course, a man may run as a
Burton deleftate or a Hughes delegate or a
Roosevelt delegate. He may promise that
if elected as delegate he will work for the
is nothing In C'aeso primaries requiring a
popular vote as oci"tr ,cu
and Burton, nor providing that the delegate
must vote tor Jlllgnca or rurion.
in truth Oreeon does not declare
that the National delegate must work
for the nomination ot the party cnoice
in his state, but he is required to take
oath that ho will.
But Oregon is given some recom
nenso for this heartless discrimination,
for as discrimination we must view it.
Oregon is credited by Collier's with
eighteen delegates to the Republican
National convention in 1916. By no
process of calculation based on the
apportionment plan adopted by the
National committee and approved by
o maWitv nf th, states can wc figure
more than ten. But if Collier's will
definitely promise us the extra eigm
shall fnreive and forget the in
justice of its remarks about our Pres
idential primary.
THE OPTORTIXIST TARTT.
Kcc-.tMi-v- Rn-ftti's latest deliverance
on prohibition is a- symptom of the
ition of the Democratic
party to take up prohibition as a Na
tional measure. Tnis disposition, to
gether with the latest adventures of
Democracy in other directions, shows
the party to be rapidly breaking away
from its old moorings ana aoatiaomiig
tho floirmfl. of its founder that "that
government governs best which gov
erns least." Theparty s lounaer, jet
ferson, set the example. He opposed
territorial expansion, yet he himself
made the greatest single addition to
our National area by the Louisiana
purchase.
: The truth Is that the uemocrauc
nnrtv 1 nhovrs all. ODnortunist. Al
most from the first it has advocated
any principle which it had enunciated
and has become sponsor for any meas
ure which seemed likely to promote its
nni;t;,,i fortunes or which it imagined
likely to advance the National weal. It
took up states rights as a means of
protecting the South's divinely ap
pointed institution of slavery. It now
proposes to violate states rights by
adopting a policy of conservation
which seems popular in those states
having no public land within their
borders.
It long stood for individual freedom
in business, but it has supported meas
ures for the regulation of railroads
and has recently enacted laws restrict
ing the liberty of corporations. It
stood for open competition, not only
within our borders but wit,h the wide
world, but it is now inaugurating a
system ot regulated competition. It
stood for personal liberty in personal
habits and social customs and many of
its platforms inveighed against "sump
tuarv legislation," referring to pro
hibition, but now it puts liquor under
the ban In many states which it con
trols, wen in its stronghold the
South. It has tood for individualism
against Bocialism. but now it stands
for Government steamships, raiiroaos,
telegraphs, telephones, express lines,
and is paving the way for Government
power systems.'
Thd only principle to which the
Democratic party is true Js the prln
clple thet anything is allowable in
order to win. It watches the muta
tions of public opinion and sentiment,
and, having reached a conclusion as to
their trend, endeavors to gain control
of the Government by offering to give
the people what it thinks they want.
There is one exception to the state
ment as to its fidelity to principle. It
Is still true to the Jacksonian doctrine
that "to the victors belong the spoils.
Without adhering to that doctrine, it
could notvnaintain the organization by
which it occasionally wins. Its fidelity
to that principle is responsible for
many of its breaches of promise to the
people. . It has broken- its promises of
economy, civil service reform, river
and harbor appropriation reform, a
single Presidential term, military and
naval efficiency all in the cause pi
spoils.
Mr. Bryan is the greatest opportun
ist of them all, and his several defeats
are due to his having misread public
opinion. He tried to ride into power on
the free silver wave in 183 6 and railed,
for his judgment was based on superfi
cial public clamor and neglected to
sound the depths of National common
sense. He thought he had a winning
Issue in anti-imperialism in 1900, but
again he failed to sound public opin.
ion deep enough. In casting about for
an issue after his return from Lurope,
he pitched on Government ownership
of railroads, but was forced by the
alarm of his own party to drop' that
issue. In 1908 he could find no better
issue than Government guaranty of
bank deposits, which fell flat. His one
success was gained in 1912 through
backins a winner when he himself
could not have won and at a time
when the division of his opponents
gave the Democracy victory by default.
If Mr. Bryan thinks now to revive
the drooping hopes of Democracy by
taking up prohibition as a party Issue,
his judgment has erred again. Prohi
bition is a moral issue on which all
parties are divided. The people are
deciding it without regard to party.
They are deciding without regard,
either, to its bearing on party or on
party principles. Its consistency with
any theory, such as individualism or
socialism, does not concern them. It
is a question all by itself. Mr. Bryan
can catch no political fish in prohibi
tion waters.
Official reports on the war read
much like the press agents' stories from
the training camps of rival pugilists,
and are proltabry about as reliable.
The world could form a far better
judgment of who Is winning by read
ing the reports of war correspondents.
When Archibald Forbes camped and
marched with General Skobeleff at
Plevna the world read next day a
graphic and veracious story of "what
ha-ppened. That is more than can be
said of this war. Yet the belligerent
governments have audacity to pretend
that no reports are reliaDle unless or
flcial. With another bonanza wheat crop
in prospect, the American must be
torn by the conflicting emotions of
humanity and aequisitiverfess. The
one moves him to pray .for peace,
which would send wheat prices tum
bling; the other moves him to pray for
continual war, which would send
prices soaring. Thus the farmer s heart
fights against his pocket.
There is an amusing poem called
Evolution," by Langdon Smith, which
has reappeared in Portland and will
be read by many with pleasure after
long forgetfulness. It begins, "When
you were a tadpole and I was a fish
in the Paleozoic time . Do you re
member it? The poem, we. mean, not
the Paleozoic time.
The fall in butter prices rejoices the
urban consumer, but it makes the
dairymen howl with anguish. With
dear feed and cheap dairy products
they will soon begin to butcher their
herds and Oregon's promising dairy
industry will slump again. The rem
edy is a co-operative quest for wider
markets.
Jess Willard's journey to New York
is like a monarch's triumphal progress.
Adoring crowds greet him at every sta
tion. In Florida he is particularly ac
claimed because he has "whipped a
nigger," which seems foolish. Jack
Johnson was neither better nor worse
for the color of his face.
The work of destroying British com
merce is now divided between the sub
marines and the cruiser Kronprinz
Wilhelm. The latter has not been
heard from lately, but the former take
their toll with fair regularity.
The American mule-skinner and
horse chambermaids who chaperoned
the shipments of quadrupeds to the
allies are coming home as fast as they
can get passage, much wiser and less
hilarious, also broke.
VftKifl X7 .nsil-ti.1lllrlv- Will fPpl ETieVP.d
because he cannot see the fight films.
The men did not have much on, and
movie patriots have a surfeit of the
near and wholly altogether.
All the men not fit will want the
$10,000 job of managing the new
Chamber of Commerce, while the
qualified men are really diffident
about it.
Nobodv cares whether there w-ere
bald heads in the time of Moses. What
the man with the polished dome wants
is something to reshingle his "nut."
Can President Wilson stem the tide
r,r Democratic disaster? Could Mrs.
Partington sweep back tho waves with
her broom?
The mountain air at Sal Lake is
too thin for the Beavers, according to.
McCredie. The bat slips past the ball.
The Baker County stage robbers
were poor amateurs and made a poor
cache of the booty.
Germany is willing to do what is
right in tho matter of the Frye- Few
ever doubted it.
Excuse the smile, but Bryan's idea of
Democracy and prohibition yoked is
humorous.
So long as Italy keeps the world
guessing, she will be in the limelight
New Jersey will continue to hang
some of the men who deserve hanging.
. Yes, Japan is for the open door, but
she insists on being the janitor.
CRITICISMS BASED Of rJiTRVTBS
State Treaurorer Charge Jonraal With
Falsifying; 1b Highway Slatter.
(The following letter to the Journal was
mailed by the state Treasurer to that news,
paper Wednesday, bat o far has not been
published therein.)
SALKM, Or., April 7. The Portland
Journal, Portland. Or. Gentlemen: 1
have just read the editorial in your
paper of April , entitled "Obey the
Law," and would suggest that you write
another editorial on the subject "Tell
the Truth." I wish to say further that
if you would confine yourself to- the
truth in your articles on the State
Highway Commission and Engineer you
would have less criticisms to make of
its members.
You start your editorial by saying:
"It is stated that the State Highway
Commission and the newly appointed
advisory board are to meet today to
select a special engineer to take
charge of the highway work that was
in charge of Engineer Bowlby," and
you further say In the article. "The
Governor and State Treasurer have no
right to amend the law and change the
contracts so ss to provide for two
engineers at $3000 per."
Now In the meeting referred to the
Board did not consider the matter of
selecting another engineer: neither did
It ever intend to, and your statement
is made out of whole cloth. The State
Highway Commission has never even
thought of selecting Mr. Laurgaard as a
State Highway Engineer nor ever as
an assistant engineer, but I suggested
to the Board, a few days ago (when
it was ascertained that Mr. Bowlby
would refuse to serve), that In settling
the dispute .between the various coun
ties and the contractors, either by
arbitration or in the courts, wherein
the state was expected to assist the
counties and furnish them information,
Mr. Laurgaard would be a good man
to select for this purpose. All of the
member of the Board concurred in this
suggestion and none of them had
mind the employment ot Mr, Laurgaard
in any other capacity. Therefore, your
criticism in this article is all uncalled
for.
I may say further that you have had
no reeard whatever for the truth in
the various news articles and editorials
which have been appearing in your
paper during the last month, pertain
ing to the members of the state Mign
way Commission who voted to remove
Engineer Bowlby, and all of the dope
you have been, dishing up about my
having agreed to support a man by the
name of Lucius for engineer and that I
was : acting with, the contractors and
being dictated to by Senator Day, etc.
is absolutely false, for I have never
met Mr. Lucius in my life, that I know
of. Senator Day never mentioned Mr.
Lucius' nime to" me up to the time the
State Highway Engineer was elected.
Neither did I ever, at any time, con
sider the matter of voting for him.
Further, there was never a deadlock
between the Governor and myself per
taining to the selecting of an engineer.
as you have repeatedly stated. We
had no trouble whatever in coming to
an agreement on the man selected.
Tou further say in effect in your
article that the Attorney-General says
the State Hiehwav Engineer must have
supervision of all work In Hood River
and other counties. Now, as a matter
of fact, the State Highway Engineer
has had on the state payroll at least
four other engineers all Winter and
also other engineers on the payrolls of
the various counties. He has delegated
Engineer Elliott to look after the work
in Hood River County, so the" matter
of electing another engineer would not
have been a serious matter with Mr.
Bowlby, for he has had about twice as
many as he has needed for the past
vear. according to tne judgment, oi tne
County Courts In the counties in which
he has operated. v
I would, therefore, suggest that you
found vour statements on facts in the
future and not continue to misrepresent
the. Board m its actions or intentions,
then criticise it for what you state it
is about to do. I have no objections
whatever to being criticised for my
official acts, but I do object to being
continually misrepresented and crlti.
cised for things I do not do.
THOMAS IS. JiAI.
ACCIDENTS OX PATCHED ROADS
Many Brokca-Down Vehlelea There, bnt
Noae Alone Hard-Sorfaee Highway.
PORTLAND, April 8. (To the Edi
tor.) From personal experience, the
writer knows the difference between a
standard road and the present patched-
up roadmaking system that we nave
so long been experimenting with. It
seems almost unreasonable that any
man should oppose the standard roau
movement that we happily have at the
present time in Multnomah county
and. in fact, all over the country.
For the past six years l nave
lived about 80 miles from the t;ity oi
Portland and have been maKing trips
three or four times a week over these
roads that have been patched up each
year, and I have found the following
to be facts: That you can travel with
a load of garden or farm products to
the city twice as fast over the stand
ard road as you - can on the patched
roads, bringing in the products in
good condition and get a fair price
for the same.
How many have not met with the
following accidents on the Dad
patched-up roads? Breaking a wheel,
springing an axle or breaking the
same, or a wagon tongue, pole and
neckyoke, pulling the harness to
pieces, spraining the horses and pulling
off their shoes, and at last to leave
the wagon on the road, co to the near
by farmer and borrow another outfit,
and then put a skid under the broken
down axle -and drag the same to a
nearby blacksmith shop, where it costs
from J5 to J20 to repair the same.
Has not the reader seen wagons at
some time or another abandoned along
side the roads because broken down?
I have never seen one along the stand
ard road.
Good roads will induce people irom
the city to settle on land, for the city
people are used to good streets, side
walks and other conveniences. Good
roads will increase the value of land
from 15 to 65 tier cent, and that is like
a bank savings account, or a credit to
the land account.
I .have taken neoole out in the conn-
try to look at lands, but few? care to
buv or settle in the outlying districts
of the county on account of roads.
They find the soil is productive, the
water crystal, and the climate most
preferable. No doubt they had bad
roads in the Kastern states, Dut owing
to the fact that they freeze up during
the Wintec they were easier kept up in
the Summer, whereas in the West the
road3 are soft all Winter from the rain
and will wear out. Something should
be done to make our roads bear up the
traffic during the Winter, so let every
one work for the betterment of the
roads and take this opportunity which
is at hand by voting for the road bonds
on April 14, bright and early.
The writer indorses the stand tne
County Commissioners took in refusing
to make a preelection pledge ot , per
day for labor. If they, had promised
thi wage, it would have been a bribe
pure and simple.
juh. .:vui'. tLsurs.
327 Worcester building.
Lrenrninpr .Address From Poatoffiee.
PORTLAND. April 7. (To the Ed
itor,) A man owes me money, living
in Portland. He removes, leaving no
trare nf hifi vhprMhnillS. Hfl Will llBVe
changed his mail route at the postoffice.
Is It possinie lor me to get nis new
address from the postoffice officials?
It is against the rules for the post
master to give out an address. How
ever, reasonable discretion is allowed
him In these matters and if you would
write him, stating the particulars, you
may very likely be able to receive the
information desired.
SJAIX AHTKRV IS OVT OF OPOKR
Baalaeaa 7tm la rrae for Lack
of Capital iBveatsacat.
PORTLAND. April . (To the Edi
tor.) These are trying times for a
vast number of people and the familiar
crv is "what is the matter?- vvnai
is the trouble when we are living In a
countrv so well supplied with every
thlnar which ouerht to make for pros
perlty? This without further analy
sis would seem to be an mat is neces
sary for a generally prosperous and
contented commonwealth, but we must
not lose sight of the fact that the suc
cessful marketing- of our products Is
indispensable to a generally prosper
ous condition. A few Isolated eases of
orofltable aales will not urtioo tor
the country as a whole. And this ap
pears to be what has happened. Some
of those who nave been enaapeu
wheat, corn and stockraising have prof
ited handsomely by the European war,
while others have suffered and ara
still suffering- because of it.
The cure for all the ills which beset
our country is quite out ot tne ques
tion vnt it does not seem unreason
able that a great many cures couW
be effected if the right measures were
applied. Strange as It may sound to
many persons, there are unquestion
ahiv thousands of good itucntioned
men in the United States of America
who would 1 have no doubt ariaaiy
begin now to invest their capital and
suffer a temporary loss if only they
omild nrocced unhampered by so many
incomprehensible laws and take a
chance on future returns.
The man of means usually has vision
and it Is no always selfishness that
actuates him. as so many are Inclined
to think. If we could maintain a more
respectable attitude toward tho man
who has money as the savins goes
and retrain from considering him a
man who will bear watching In most
of his dealings, it probably would be
better for more of us, for I dare say
that the majority of men feel an espe
cial pride in making their money hon
estly and desire in their hearts to ben
efit humanity. The exceptions are
negligible.
In any event, it Is up to some one to
start something, and there Is no bet
ter time than now to establish a foun
dation for the future. The war will
be over some time; it cannot last for
ever, and at its termination the mar
kets of the world will open for prac
tically everything wo have for sale.
And who is better "qualified to dlvina
the future than the capitalist? That
i?, who is better able to furn'.sh con
crete evidence of his faith? T man
with no means may be as good a
prophet, but the laying of the founda
tion for the future prosperity of the
country does not come within his prov
ince. To some the power of leader
ship is given; the rest of us must fol
low. But what of that, provided we
are honestly and Intelligently directed?
It has occurred to the writer that if
a main pr trunk line of thought and
action could be established it would
minimize disintegration of purpoiie and
lead to a bettered condition in all llnea
of commercial endeavor. For example,
if the main artery of the human sys
tem is out of order, thin all the feed
ers, too, are put out of commission.
And this appears to be the cause of
our almost collapsed condition in this
country today. So let those who are
able line up. dig up and dig in, for the
pendulum never swung so far in one
direction but that it returned in like
degree. B..O. CARL.
GARDEN PEA IS BEST FOR HOGS
Farmer Telia of Hlh Records Made l
Pork ProdueUott Per Aere.
SALMON. Idaho, April S. (To the
Editor.) A mistake is made by many
farmers of the great Northwest by
planting the old field pea for hogs and
other stock. The college experts are
perpetuating the fallacy that the field
pea Is a valuable grain crop for. the
climate and soils ot our country. Forty
years' experience In the Oregonian Held
of usefulness has demonstrated to me
that there is no place in the economy
of farming for the common field pea.
During the past 40 years since the
field oulture of peas was first intro
duced the improved garden pea has
been developed to a great degree of
perfection. The Improved dwarf garden
pea will yield 60 bushels of grain to
the acre under . favorable conditions.
The old Canadian field pea will not
yield over 10 bushels to the acre on
our rich soils. It will produce a large
tonnage of hy. but it is not as valuable
as alfalfa, which will thrive wherever
the pea will grow.
Tho improved wrinkled or sugar peas
are very much richer in valuable pork
producing properties than the common
field pea. The writer has grown the
garden pea for hogging off on a large
scale for a number of years. The fact
has been, demonstrated that more thnn
1000 pounds of pork can be produced
from an acre of good land in the clover
belts of the Northwest.
These peas can be grown as cheaply
as a wheat crop, and there Is nq at
tendant expense of harvesting, as the
pea is more valuable for -feed In the
field than when tho expense of harvest
ing has been added. Tho writer has
made a record of 1250 pounds added to
the weight of 10 hogs from tho pea
crop of one acre. This result was ob
tained by turning info the field of peas
10 hogs to the acre. They were weighed
in and weighed out in 62 days with this
increase in weight. The records of ex
periences show an average pork pro
duction, from all sizes of hogs, of more
than 1000 pounds of pork to the acre.
These results were obtained by weigh
ing the hogs In and out of the fields,
with absolutely no feed except that
gathered from the area sown to peas.
A crop of peas can be grown at a
cost of $15 an acre, counting labor, seed.
interest and taxes. The peas may 'be
sown and given tho same culture that
the local practice demands for wheat,
or they may be sown in wide drills and
cultivated tho same as corn. About 100
pounds of seed is required to sow an
acre. This seed can be secured from
any dealer for about 4 cents a pound.
It can be grown at a profit for 2 cents
a pound. This crop is Immune from
Spring frosts. It should be sown when
the ground is warm enough to sprout
corn. The early garden peas will ma
ture to the feeding stage in about 70
days. NKWTON H1BBE.
In ion .Not in Polities.
PORTLAND. April 8. (To the Edi
tor.) Having seen in the press on sev
eral occasions items from self-appointed
or would-be labor leaders that would
lead the public to believe they con
trolled the labor vote in this city,
therefore, we the members of General
Longshore-Workers' Union 3S-6 wish it
to be known that we are not affiliated
politically with any organization and
are not responsible for the Indorse
ments given to candidates aspiring for
City Commissionership or any other
public office.
We are a union of worklncmen hav
ing the interest of organized labor at
heart, and will work for tho election
of such men to office as we believe
will do justice to all; also for such
measures as would tend to this end.
We have an organization known as
"The Waterfront Worklngmen's Polit
ical Club"; we make no Indorsements.
Our motto is "stay by our friends, try
and defeat our enemies." We are not
controlled nor Influenced by any club
or organization and want all who may
be concerned or interested to know it.
WATERFRONT WORKINGMEN'S PO
LITICAL CLUB.
John Nagel. President 38-6; Herman
Larson, John McCarthy, A. McBetb.
Committee.
Dodaing th Landlord.
Boston Transcript.
Owens My landlord has ordered me
out because I can't pay my rent.
Bowens Glad I met you. So has mine.
Let's change quarters.
Twanty-Five Year Ago
From The Oreolsn of April , H!H
Portland Is rapidly becoming the
railway center of the West. Tho Ore
gon Railway Extension Company, of
which Hon. llonry Failing, of this city,
is president, and Hon. Joseph Simon I)
secretary, yesterday filed at Olympia,
Wash., supplementary articles of Incor
poration empowering it to build Snn
miles of new lino in tho West. The
company plans to aid in grldlronlnrf
Washington. Idaho. Montana and Ore
gon. Tho main lino is planned to run
from Portland to the British boundary.
A bridge is troposcd across the t"i
lumbia at Vancouver and Portland.
The new system when worked out will
make a good deal of country tributary
to Fortland which Is now Isolated be
cause of lack of transportation.
A cyclone struck N'orwalk. Ohio, yes
terday, according to dispatches and did
some damage not yet estimated. The
storm was general in the Central We.U
in some places hail aa big as cobble
stones being reported.
Washington The Tan-American con
ference is drawing to a close. An ar
bitration plan, whereby all difficulties
between American nations can be ad
justed, has been decided on.
The Astoria Pioneer has 'araln
changed hands. C. W. Klcon i now in
control. ,
Emil ,Schanno. of The Dalles, a cap
italist and fruitgrower. Is In the city
for a few days
Opposition Is the life of trade, ther
say, and it also seems to put new life
and vi;or in the streetcar business.
When cars were scarce and slow they
ran only until 10:30 o'clock at night.
Now there are electric cars, horse cars
and cable cars until a person can t
rest and they run until 11:30 o'clock.
The extension is appreciated and Ihera
arc some who don't go homo "till
morning, till dayllsht doth appear."
who are hoping for even moro exten
sion. Tho annual meeting of the Oregon &
California Railroad Company stock
holders was held yesterday. Tha old
board of directors was re-clerted a
follows: Leland Stanford, C. 1". Hunt
ington, Charles F. Crocker. W. V. Hunt-,
ington. Timothy nopkina. It. Koehler,
Donald Macleaj-, John McCraken. It. P.
Earhart. W. W. Brotherton and GeoVge
H. Andrew
As Mrs. James Smith wag driving up
Washington street yesterday, an elec-
. . : H,.llnff ulnnff TlH tOtllC
Li Hi iar v im: " . i ....... m -
a wheel off her buagy. Tho motorman
stopped and .Mrs. Mnttn a norne, not ow
ing nervous, did not run away. no m
rosi'iied without other dam
age than a sevtre shock to her nerves.
The immigrants are still rolling In.
M. O. Montgomery, wife and eight;
Daniel W. tSanford, and ten. and Ceorsa
Meyer, wife and nine were at the hotels
yesterday looting for available farm
ing lands.
Mr. and Mrs. I.sam White will Wave
overland for New York nest Wodnea
dav, en routo to urope, where they
will stay for one or two year. Mr.
and Mrs. White have not visited tha
continent for about 10 years and will
travel extensively before returning to
Portland.
LABOR TAKK RKPOIBIl.rT'
It Will Sow Be CreuHra Ith Fat
Bonds With Perhaps lirnve Reanltm.
rOUTLAXD, April . (To the Ed
itor.) It tPtmi to me that on the ques
tion of the road bonds tho laborers
are facing a sea-lous dilemma. If the
bonds fail in the election next Wednes
day they will lose an opportunity to
earn Jl.000.000 this year, wnirn xu
relieve their necessities and help very
much to tide them over next Winter
and perhaps several Winters to come.
If the bonds fall, the failure will be
charged to the oip'itlon or indif
ference of the laborers, an Influential
soction of whom (about one-tenth)
have declared throuah their leadara
that thev will oppose lhe Isi-ue of 1h
bonds and the improvement of the
roads.
In case of such failure, the sympathy
for unemployed will be largely. If not
wholly, withdrawn. It will be looked
,,nn cime where they did not ant
work when it was provided for them.
The other horn of tne onemma
that the laborer will be taxed aa much
as 314 cent.t per year on earn (i"
of his assessed valuation, about lhe
cost of three or four cigars, and after
t.hat some 10 or 12 cigara earn .5 ear.
It seems to me It la very easy to aee
which is the smoother horn.
Tt is certainly for their greatest In
terest to favor tho bonds In every way
thev can vote for them and have their
i.-.. for them. The women, es
pecially should favor thorn. It will en
able their husbands to bring home some
money to help tliem support tuoir iam
illee:. .
i. i ion? own that there are la.nno
unemployed men In Portland above tha
usual number, and that In addition to
contributions from other sources It
costs the county $13.". per day to "tip-
port them. This Is at the rate of 1S.-
773 per year, mare man iwtrn mm ..
as the interest harge on tne oon.n.
Every one of these men could be em
ployed upon the roads if (he bonds are
voted, and thus relievo wic -
well as other contributors, from this
burden. E- - FULLY.
IVovrl Peace Move I raed.
. . - . . a a ( T n 1, a t-'l
i. v -frK 'tho nrenent war Is aver,
no matter how soon that may be. ther
will have beon 400 mum iom ii
It anything but
useless, and should be so desianated by
historians. Aa an effective means of
bringing about peace in Europe "'
suggest to tho Women s Peace Confer
ence, to he held Tho Haxue April ..
that all the women ot tne nnu u.-n
, mntr Into a concerted ar
rangement to continue wearing It till
the war. la over.
(Grandma's Visit.
Ttaltimora Amorican.
"Grandma, arc you with tho oircun?
cit ,-..urse not. child. -What makes you
ask auch a thins?" "I heard pa
... .. 1 .-an. tn visit ua we a
have Rn eiepnant "n
An Object Leson
At the beginning of the war when
business looked blue, the automo
bile manufacturers decided thai
would go right ahead.
They did not curtail their news
paper advertising. If any thin,
they Increased It.
. What waa the result? The manu
facturers almost without exception
now report that their aalea have In
creased right along, and In some
instancea are from 15 to SO por cent
ahead of the aame months of 1S1
1914. Tho big automobile shows held In
Sew York, Philadelphia. Chlce and
Boston have been attended by the
largest crowds ever known In the
history of auch exhibitions, and thr
number of machinea disposed of has
been far irt'excess of thoa of other
yeara.