T
THE MORNING OREGONIAN. THURSDAY, AFRIT- 8, 1915.
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PORTLAND, THURSDAY. APRIL. 8, 19L5.
SPKCl LATIN G OS EARLY PEACE.
What basis can there be for persis-
tent rumors .that peace is likely to
. come in a few months'? Men in Lon
don who have reduced to a science the
: calculation of chances on every possi
ble event now quote even money that
the war will end by September 1. They
must have some basis for their calcu
lations more substantial than mere
flying rumors, such as those that Aus
tria has sued for a separate peace and
that Djavid Pasha has made like over
tures on behalf of Turkey.
The London insurance men may be
TrKumed to base their prediction on
the occurrence of three events before
Summer ends, for, of course, being
British, they take for granted victory
for the anti-Teuton allies. One is the
capture of Constantinople and the
rapid collapse of Turkish resistance.
Another Is a breach In the Austrian
defense of the Carpathians, a Russian
invasion of Hungary and Austria in
great force, while the lines in Poland
are held firm, attack on Austria by
Italy and Roumania and final col
lapse of Austria. The third is pene-
' tration by the allies of the German
line in the west, followed by the driv
ing back of the entire line to German
territory, the allies then occupying
Belgium, Alsace, Lorraine and perhaps
Luxemburg. It may have been as
sumed by these peace prophets that
Germany would then accept such
terms as the allies would dictate. "What
reasons have they for assuming that
all these things can be done in five
months?
The allied attack by sea alone on
the Dardanelles has not succeeded and
the landing of troops on ,the isthmus
of Oallipoli -implies the conviction
that a land attack is necessary to clear
the straits for the fleet to enter the
6ea of Marmora.' The bombardment
of Smyrna is probably prompted large
ly by a desire to acquire that city as a
base for land attack on the straits
from the Astatic side. The Turks have
large forces, estimated all the way
from 180.000 to 600.000 men, concen
trated in the vicinity of Constantino
ple, and an equal force will be needed
to cope with them. The Russians may
force their way from Transcaucasia
long the south shore of the Black
Sea to co-operate with the French and
British, while their fleet bombards the
Bosphorus forts. The Turks will sure
ly fight with their old-time despera
tion and five months may prove too
short a time to overcome them.
Russia seems to make gradual prog
ress through the Carpathians, but is
far from through as yet. She must
capture not only a pass, but all the
commanding heights within artillery
range in order to pour an unbroken
stream of troops and supplies into
Hungary. There she would doubtless
encounter resistance at a series of
prepared lines of defense and of forti
fied towns. If the invasion of Hun
gary should prove the signal for Italy
and Roumania to join her, she might
capture Vienna and Buda Pesth with
in the time limit. Otherwise she would
have her work cut out. Serbia and
Montenegro might again become ag
gressive and attack from the south,
and Slav malcontents in Austria might
hasten the climax.
On the west the allies are believed
by some authorities to have the ad
vantage of two to one in numbers over
the Germans, if the British reinforce
ments now pouring into France are
included. For an aggressive campaign
they need this superiority. Their re
liance seems to be on superiority of
artillery and aircraft, which would
enable them to destroy the German
entrenched lines and to demoralize
the enemy preliminary to an infantry
engagement, as as Neuve Chapelle.
They might with this advantage break
one "or more gaps in the enemy's line
by simultaneous attack with massed
forces at several points. They might
then pour troops through the gaps in
sufficient force to envelop large bodies
of the Germans and to compel a gen
eral retirement. A series of such op
erations, if successful, might clear
French and Belgian soil of the enemy
and carry the allies across Alsace and
Lorraine to the Rhine. Simultaneous
ly Russia might force her way into
Germany through Silesia and Posen.
This seems to be about as much as
the allies can reasonably hope to ac
complish in five months if all were to
fro well with them. But things rarely
sro uniformly well with one party to
mar. With a brave, well-organized
and resourceful neniy like Germany
the allies are apt to have some serious
. i i. vhiph Tim i M much delav
KLUMna " - ,
their progress. They may gain nol
new allies, while there is a possibility
that Bulgaria may fight Serbla.
If the allies should have the success
described, would Germany accept such
terms as they would dictate before her
own territory was seriously invaded,
or would they make terms such as
Germany would accept under those
conditions? That is extremely im
probable. The allies are determined.
If successful, to readjust boundaries
on racial lines. That would deprive
Germany of much territory which GerT
many would still hold under the con
ditions described. A nation does not
yield territory until It is lost by force
of arms. The- allies also express de
termination to - end militarist control
of Germany and to enforce reduction
of armaments. That can only be ac
complished by discrediting militarism
in the eyes of the German people.
British newspapers admit that the peo
ple of Germany are practically a unit
in support of their rulers, are con
vinced . that they are fighting a de
fensive war and are ready to continue
fighting to the last man. The "Germans
could be turned against the ruling
class only by crushing defeat, so ob
vious to all Germany that official de
nial would be useless.' , Hence the drlv.
ing back of the German armies to the
frontier would not suffice to dethrone
militarism. ,'' ,
It is possible that, if they gained
this . measure of success, the allies
might' moderate their terms of peace
to a point which Germany would ac
cept, but is it probable? It they did
so, the allies would' have changed
their frame of mind radically. They
profess, a desire to end what they call
tie German, menace" once for all, in
order that the present war may not be
the" prelude to another war of equal
magnitude. 'They would not be likely
to. abate their terms -unless 'victory to
the extent routlined was accompanied
by such . prostration that they could
not go on. , Great as would be the cost
of. carrying the war into the heart of
Germany, they might-prefer to bear it
after contemplating the cost of an
other such war. - ' k '.
Furfhet, all the calculations of the
London speculators may be falsified
by the rise of a military genius among
the" Germans,, such as Frederick the
Great or Napoleon, whose hew discov
eries in strategy might furnish some
of those surprises .which abound in
war. The function of. such a genius
i. n nvarvnma nrlrlR and to achieve
victory when defeat seems certain.
Fervently as the whole world prajs
for peace, a calm review of the out
look does not. justify the hope that it
will come as early as the speculators
anticipate. -
THE OVERTURN IN CHICAGO.
The significance of the Chicago
ionMnTi la unmistakable. The issue
was between party candidates and the
campaign was made on party lines,
though undoubtedly local questions
.rf Hiven due nrominence and were
a great factor. There was no Progres
sive candidate for Mayor, ana tne re
gressive newspapers the newspapers
whii-h have latelv been Progressive,
and will probably never be again in a
Lparty sense joined in the support of
William Hale Thompson, the Repuoii
can. The pre-election analysis by Mr.
Thompson frankly took note of party
considerations in the following:
In this city In recent years the Democratic
vote has never equaled the combined vote of
the Republicans and Progressives in any
election. Not only are the Republican. Pro
gressive and nonpartisan voters now united
in support of our ticket, but we have the
active enthusiastic support of the better
element of the Democratic party in our bat
tle to prevent the representative of the
public utility corporations from getting a
strangle hold on oar city government and
from using public funds to build a Tam
many Hall which would be a blight on Chi
cago for many years to come.
For these reasons I fee confident In pre
dicting that the Republican candidates will
receive a plurality vote of 135.000 or more.
The Thompson plurality Is 139,000.
the largest In the city's history. The
women voted for the first time and
heavily Increased the total. Tet no
other Republican .ever had half so
large a plurality as Mr. Thompson.
In 1907 Busse, Republican, had 12,
923 and in 1895 Swift, Republican,
had 40,759.
The official returns for Cook County
(Chicago) and of Illinois in 1912 af
ford an opportunity to study the im
mense overturn of last Tuesday. They
were:
Illinois.
Wilson 405,048
Wilson 130.701
Talt
- ... -Ira no
Taft zos.sia
Roosevelt 386,478
. . 7 J
whot will hannen In Illinois aim
throughout the country in 1916, when
Republicans ana t-rogressiveo "
united, is fairly well indicated by Chi
cago. ,
PROHIBITION'S EFFECT ON REVENUE.
Spread of prohibition has alreaaj
k.,m matoriniiv to reduce the inter
nal revenue of the Government and
threatens serious further reauction as
more states enter the prohibition col
umn. In the fiscal year 1914 the Gov
ernment derived over J159.000.000 of
its revenue from taxes on spirit alone,
iM hoinir jl decrease of S4.7S1.165
from the receipts for the preceding
year. Nine states are now unuer piu
kiMiinn nina more have voted dry and
four more will soon vote on the ques
tion. Local option has maae ury muie
than 50 per cent of the population in
untan states and less than 25 per
cent of that In ten states.
The- states- which .will go dry next
...loirio, sr. 287-835 of liauor reve
nue in the fiscal year 1914 and the
four which will soon vote paid 4!,
000 in that year. Six states which
vAteH nmintv ootion paid the
Government- more than J31,000,000.
In sixteen states liquor revenue, in
cluding beer and wine, has not been
naterlally affected, their reoerai tax
iggregating 1215,200,000. Prohibition
i mn htm loss of revenue to
states and cities. West Virginia having
o make good a deficiency or tuu,uuu
year, and Oregon cities and counties
i-ill lose heavily, the revenue of Port-
und alone from that source being
304,000 in 1915.
Tt. anowtti- nf rtrnhibitionists to the
financial argument against them is
iat this loss will De maae up ma."j
mes bv the diminution of crime, in
sanity, poverty and misery and by tne
ncrease of thrift and efficiency. ltn
Lhe liquor habit eliminated, they say,
ive shall need fewer police, fewer
ourts, smaller jails, insane asylums,
poorhouses and charitable Institutions,
ind the productive capacity and
ivealth of the people " wiir be vastly
increased. But the loss of revenue
iue to prohibition comes immediately,
while trie beneficial effects can make
themselves felt only gradually. Hence
le Nation and every state and cit
hich have hitherto derived part of
their revenue from the liquor traffic
ill be compelled to Increase otner
taxes
;es or to proviae new sources vi
enue. These added taxes can be
remit
tted only by degrees as tne anuci
d good effects of prohibition work
pated
themselves out.
.tw rlrtrl npfMsnrv tL com -
UUgiwa .,." - -'
plete
reveni
te revision or tne entire inaiiouai
enue system. Liquor revenue is
being
lost at the very time wnen cus-
(oms
revenue is falling short, when
a or has not come up to expec
Income
tatlons
tations and when expenditures are
Increasdr
ng. Even snouia customs
. in swell to the total it at-
revenue
talned
hfnre the Underwood law and
the
war caused the present shrinkage.
there
would still be a Dig aencit to
. n rntiFTcss mar resort to con-
make 1
tin
luance of the emergency taxes or to
In
W
ta
increase of the income tax or both.
may be called upon to pay income
. annrnar-hinB- the scale prevalent
taxes
In
some European countries before the
war. Prohibition may do all that is
predicted, but we must pay for It in
hard cash now, hoping to recoup our
selves with abundant profit later.
I
THE HIGHER EDUCATION.
The Wisconsin idea is well exempli
fied by the Wisconsin University at
Madison, which has fostered and
taught advanced economic, social and
political ideas, and which has sought
to make a practical application of its
teachings by giving to the world a new
kind of commonwealth in a regener
ated state and a chastened people. But
there is a decided reaction in Wiscon
sin against the University, and it 1s
being called upon to show a reason
for its activities in so many lines of
thought and action, . and particularly
why it is costing the taxpayers so
heavily. The University admits , that
the cost is large, but claims that re
sults Justify it.
Among other things charged against
the University is that it admits pupils
from other states, who get instruction
for nominal sums, while Wisconsin
pays for it; and It is said, too, that
large amounts are taken by the Uni
versity which rightfully belong to the
common schools. To the first allega
tion the reply is made Uiat Wisconsin
prestige among the states is aided by
sending out students from Madison as
a great educational center; and to the
second charge denial is offered that
it is true.
But it is undoubtedly true that Mad
ison is a hotbed of radicalism in eco
nomics and in sociology, and that
many political and other reforms have
their- inspiration and origin there.
Some of them have been beneficial
and others have not. Some of them
can be justified, therefore, and others
cannot be.
Withal, the taxpayer is- taking a
keener interest in Wisconsin in learn
ing . what has become of his money.
The present state administration is in
sympathy with that sentiment and it
is certain that the University is to
have a struggle, such as it has not had
before'', for academic freedom and for
sufficient funds.
There is a reflection of the same
spirit of inquisitive dissatisfaction in
Washington State, which has a state
university costing about a million dol
lars a year, and which has a student
body of about 3000. Some of the con
spicuous members of its faculty are
Socialists. The main bulk of people,
who are not Socialists, are beginning
to inquire why they should be called
upon to support an institution which
tolerates, and even encourages, such
teachings.
FOR BREAD AND BCTTER.
The sole ground of opposition by
organized labor or, rather, certain
organized labor leaders to the pro
posed Jl, 250,000 bond issue is that
the County Commissioners have de
clined to agree in advance to payment
of J 3 per day of eight hours for com
mon labor. Every other argument
now brought forward in opposition is
an afterthought. The labor leaders
offered a bargain, and it was rejected.
In sheer resentment they intend that
nobody shall work at any wage on
roads to be built out of the proceeds
of the bonds. If the S3 offer had been
accepted, they would have found as
many reasons for the bonds as they
now have against them.
It is pure invention to say, for ex
ample, that it is intended to pay J1.20
per yard for paving when it can be
done for less. One common state
ment, not easily traceable to an au
thentic source. Is that a responsible
contractor offers to pave the roads for
70 cents per yard; yet it-is said to be
planned to pay J1.20. The roadmas
ter's estimate of the probable cost is
J1.2Q; but the paving contractor who
can and will do it for less will get
the job. .
The Oregonian will guarantee to
lead a movement for a recall of the
County Commissioners if they under
take to award the road contract or con
tracts to any firm or corporation or
concern not the lowest responsible bid
der or bidders. It is unthinkable that
It should be done. It will not be done.
The man who votes against the
bonds merely because he insists on J 3
per day or nothing, will get nothing if
the bonds fail. He is quarreling wjth
his own bread and butter.
DISCOVERER OF CRATER LAKE DEAD.
In 1853 he and a party of others were
the first white men to look upon the bea
tllul waters of Crater Lake, Oregon, the
deepest and most beautiful lake in America.
Thus, in a newspaper obituary of
John Wesley Hillman, of Baton Rouge,
La., , is passing honor paid to an ex
ploring soldier of fortune and citizen
of far-away Louisiana, and at the same
time most significant mention made
of this wonder-spot of Southern Ore-
Bn- . .
The most beautiful lake in America!
The words mean something and -coming
voluntarily from a writer on the
other side of the continent carry a
conviction not bred in sectional loy
alty. "
Mr. Hillman died March 19 at
his home near Hope Villa, La. He
was 83 years old and, according to
the Baton Rouge Times, he had lived
a life of adventure experienced by
few. He was In the famous gold rush
of 49 and took an "active hand in the
subsequent development of parts of
California and in 1852-started for Ore
gon, where his discovery of Crater
t.oI-a Wac mprplv incidental in the
search for gold, and regarded as such.
The discovery oi tne iase was reauj
made June 12, 1853, while the pros
pectors were looking for the "Lost
Cabin" mine. There were 11 in the
party, following the trail of a secret
expedition from California, "hoping to
share in the fabulous wealth the for
mer located," as the Medford Mail-
T-IKnna nnint nilt. Henrv KliDDel.
J. L. Louden, Pat McManus and a Mr.
Little were members or tms party.
Later, in writing a rambling htstory
of the exploration trip, Mr. Hillman
told how he might have ridden a blind
mule over the edge of the lake to
death; but that, being astfide a good
eyed animal, he was saved that fate,
as the mule stopped just on the brink
of the deep, blue water. Then for the
first time, as he looked down on the
rim of Crater Lake, did he realize he
was even approaching a body of water.
"Every man of the party gazed with
wonder at the sight before him a.nd
each lrr his own peculiar way gave
expression to the thoughts within,"
wrote Mr. Hillman in his chronicles.
"The finding of Crater Lake was an
accident, as we were not looking for
lakes, but my being upon its banks
firstywas due to the fact that I was
riding the best saddle mule in South
ern Oregon, the property of Jimmy
Dobson, miner and packer, with head
quarters in Jacksonville, who had fur
nished me the mule in consideration
of a claim to be taken in his name,
should we be successful.
"Stranger to me than our discovery
was the fact that after our return I
could get no acknowledgment from
anv TnHiftn. buck or sauaw. old or
young, that any such lake existed;
each and every one denied any knowl
edge of it,, or ignored the subject com
pletely." ' .
The facts are, the Indians for long
had looked upon the lake with super
stition and it was not until 1866 that
any of them viewed the lake with any
degree of equanimity.
' Before this scenic bowl of water be
came known as Crater Lake it bore
such titles as "Deep Blue Lake," "Mys
terious Lake" and "Hole in the
Ground." The first, "Deep Blue Lake,"
was that decided on by the discoverer
and his party.
The prominent place Crater Lake is
taking among natural show places of
the American continent makes the
passing of Mr. Hillman worthy of com
ment for that alone, although his life
was fraught with novelty and accom
plishment . in his picturesque : and
rambling way., Mr. Hillman spent
many -of his best years in the new
country of the West, eventually drift
ing down to the 'Isthmus of Panama,
crossing it and drawing up at New
Orleans, where he married, later going
to Baton Rouge to live. ,
PIT ON ENOUGH STAMPS.
One of the many obstacles which
American merchants place In the way
of extension of their foreign trade is
their carelessness in permitting letters
to foreign countries to be mailed with
deficient postage. A firm may take
great pains in writing a letter or pre
paring -a circular designed to extend
its trade abroad, but may permit some
clerk or office boy, ignorant of foreign
postage rates and too lazy to inquire,
to destroy its entire effect by attach
ing a two-cent stamp when a five-cent
stamp should be used. The impression
produced 'on the recipient of such a
letter may be conceived from the fol
lowing communication, which was sent
to the United States Consul at Madras,
India, by the managing director of the
largest firm in that city importing
goods from the United States:
We have to place before you the following
Information. By each week's mail we receive
letters from America short stamped. This
is not the case with letters received from any
other country. Dispatching of letters, espe
cially from America to India, containing ad
vertising matter or even general letters, is
not given the attention that it calls for.
In many cases where envelopes are sealed
we are compelled to receive them and pay
the extra charges, bnt you can quite under
stand they are received with a great deal
of annoyance. If your country is looking
for trade in India, we think this matter
should receive immediate attention. .
A similar criticism comes from the
United States Consul at Bremen, Ger
many, and the Bureau of Foreign and
Domestic Commerce considers the mat
ter of enough importance " to recom
mend that business schools give in
struction regarding foreign postage
rates. For one person who calls at
tention to the bad impression created
by short stamping, as did the Madras
man quoted, there may be fifty who
put up with the petty imposition, but
do no business with the sender of a
short-stamped letter.
Whether or not Wilson T. Hume
shall die of the wound inflicted by a
man with a grievance, the latter should
get the limit of the penalty. He put
that gun in his pocket for the purpose
of killing somebody. That is just what
is done by every man who totes one.
It is not justification for a little man
to say he is afraid of a big one and go
around to meet him. He means mur
der at the outset, rather than take a
whipping.. There is law against carry
ing a pistol, but it is obsolete as far
as arrest for the offense, and in rea
son. This city has a first-class force.
In plain clothes and uniform, but it is
expecting too much of the men that
they shall by instinct or "hunch" And
the toter. Nothing but drastic treat
ment, whether it be straight or accord
ing to the -popular idea of the "third
degree," will scare the gun from the
rjocket. Suppose such a course be
taken.
If the Czar's troops continue captur
ing Austrians in lots of 60,000 and
100,000, -it will not be a great while
until the Hapsburg"s male subjects are
all shut up in Rusisan prison camps.
Unhappily, these great captures are
like fairy gold. They are apt to van
ish when examined too closely.
General Joffre seems to have revised
Napoleon's famous saying to read:
"God is on the side of the big supply
of shells." What kind of a god must
he be, however?
There is nothing in a name. The
Speedwell is stranded on a spit off the
Coquille. If she were the Stickfast,
it is likely she would be roaming the
ocean.
Mrs. Pankhurst does not want peace
if it has to come'through the women's
conference at The Hague. Emmaline is
still warlike, though subdued.
The man paj'ing J2.50 a sack for
grain for his poultry Is not viewing
with much alarm the tremendous
wheat crop in prospect.
Now that athletics have a hold In
the Oregon Penitentiary, Warden
Minto mav in time send a nine to
wallop Walla Walla.
The Administration should not feel
glum. A Democrat has been elected
Mayor of Boisef, where resides a Sen
ator named Borah. '
That man at Chico, Cal., Is welcome
to his ripe cherries. In Oregon we
have cherries in cherry time, where
they belong. . -
There was community of coincidence
In the bids of the big oil companies
for supplying the city with the dust
eradlcator. A California woman insists "mar
riage is not a political tie," and down
there it is not much of any kind of
tie. -
The Germans might at least increase
the number of victims once in a while.
"Submarines sink two" is monotonous.
With the scalp of the Emden in her
Vu.it th Australian cruiser Sydney is
coming north to get the Prlnz Eitel.
Gifford Pinchot should hurry home
from Belgium to prevent the padlock
from being taken off Alaska.
The Beavers are at the bottom of
the cellar, their customary place at
this end of the season.
Never mind about war news from
Italy. There is enough in the local
colony.
The getaway of the Prinz Eitel is a
good sporting proposition.
The law against gun-toting does not
stop the practice.
Twenty-Five Year Ago
From The Oregonian, April 8. 1890.
New York. The failure of George
K. Slstare & Sons was announced on
the stock exchange yesterday. The
statement was given out by the com
pany to the effect that the accounts
of Douglas HUger. Philadelphia man
ager, who died Saturday, were short
$150,000 and that this with the de
falcation of 1160.000 by A. M. Stanton,
of Detroit, was the cause of the sus
pension. Corbett is so confident he can
beat John L. Sullivan that, he has of
fered to bet J5000 on himself. ,
San Francisco. The leading members
of the Alaska Exploring Expedition,
sent out by W. J. Arkell. of New York,
have arrived here. They are E. H.
Welles, A. B. Schantz and E. J.Qlave.
Thursday they will sail on the United
States steamer Patterson for Alaska.
When fully organized the expedition
will consist of 25 men. Mr. Welles Is
of- the opinion that in Alaska will be
found the highest mountain peakon
the American continent. : 'r ;
The arrivals at the Portland Hotel
were numerous yesterday and about
200 sat down to dinner last night.
Yesterday afternoon a couple of
horses attached to one of Magoon's
coupes became frightened while stand
ing on First street and started run
ning away. Turning at Madison the
frightened animals were stopped by a
pedestrian at Front street. - '
' Hon. M. C. George will deliver a
lecture, Remlnlscenses of Congress,"
this evening at 8 o'clock at Plymouth
Congregationtal Church.
At the parish meeting of St Mark's
Church yesterday the following vestry
was elected: Dr. J. W. Hill, senior
warden: J. H. Hageny, junior warden;
W. J. Burns.. W. C. Stevens, General
J. H. Eaton, C. P. Bacon and, J. H.
Balnbridge. .
At the Taylor-street Methodist
Episcopal Church last night ..is medi
cal, students of the Willanfttte Univer
sity were sent forth with - full de
grees of M. D. They were: William
F. Amos, R R. Ballard, H. E. Beers, O.
K. Beers, A. W. Botkin. B. A. Cathey,
Josephine Callahan, H. Vance Clymer,
Laura A. Harris, Mary A. Hewitt,
Charles E. Hill. Sarah S. Marquam,
Robert J. Pilklngton, D. T. Riddle, E.
A. Summer and J. W. Weatherford.
The Oregonian this morning has a
special section largely devoted to the
new Portland Hotel, wch has just
formally been opened. -
RURAL LIFE NEEDS INCENTIVE
Good Roads Will Be Vast Factor tn
Return to Farm, Says ex-Farmer. -
PORTLAND, April 6. (To the Edi
tor.) Temporary. unnecessary, par
tially duplicated telephone service has
cost citizens of Portland approximate
ly $1,400,000 during a few recent years.
Temporary, unnecessary, partially
duplicated telephone service will cost
citizens of Portland approximately $2,
000,000 during the next 10 years.
When the pay stops, the public will
have nothing -representing the unwise
investment-
. Permanent, necessary, corapleto high
ways will cost the citizens of Multno
mah County only $1,250,000. '
When the pay stops, the public will
have good, permanent roads represent
ing the wise investment.
Why should any citizen of Portland
refuse to vote "Yes" for good r-ads?
Divided telephone service is poor
service, at a double cost.
Hard-surfaced highways are ; good
highways, at a single cost.
Duplicated public utilities encourage
city life, and thereby increase the cost
of living.
Hard-surfaced rural highways will
encourage rural life, and thereby re
duce the cost of living.
During my latter years on the farm
I ' produced enough annually to feed
ah average of fifty families. And as a
producer I was of some value as an
American citizen. Since I have estab
lished my residence In the city, and
am no longer a producer I am practi
cally of no value as an American cm
zen. The foregoing references to my
self as a citizen may be well applied to
thousands of others tn this city.
Having been "fetched up" In the
land of "Dikes." and fully realizing the
value of good rural roads, I shall vote
"Yes" for the comparatively sman
sum of $1,250,000 for good roads.
The reader will please clip this ar
ticle and refer to it when "boosting"
for "good roads." ED WORD,
P. O. box 2104, city.
Robinson Crusoe's Residence.
CASTLE ROCK, Wash.. April 5.
(To the Editor.) For many years
thousands of people have been inter
ested in the location of the island made
famous by the long and lonely resi
dence of Robinson Crusoe. In The Ore
gonian recently we read: "Juan Fer
nandez Island, near which the Dresden
was finally run down, is a Chilean de
pendency in the Paclflc Ocean, about
400 miles off the" mainland. The soli
tary residence on Juan Fernandez
Island for four years of a Scotchman
named Alexander Selkirk is supposed
to have formed the basis - of Defoe's
tale. 'Robinson Crusoe.' "
The encyclopedias bear out this
statement, but In the work itself the
Caribbean Sea is given as the loca
tion. On page 180 of the . book we
read:
"This I understood to be no more
than the sets of the tide as. going out
or coming In; but I afterwards under
stood it was occasioned by the great
draught and reflux of the mighty river
Oroonoko, in the mouth or gulf of
which' river, as I found afterwards,
our island lay; and that this land
which I perceived to the west and
northwest-was the great island Trini
dad, on the north point-of. the mouth
of the river." This may seem like too
small a matter to be further consid
ered by the great Oregonian, but not
only the juvenile portion of the com
munity but many of us older ones
who were once young and friends of
poor Crusoe would- crave enlighten
ment MRS. JENNIE MELTON.
Defoe no doubt got the idea of his
story from Alexander Selkirk's ad
venture, but he chose the scene of it to
suit his own fancy.
Bio Change In Postage Rate.
HARRISBURG, Or.. April 4. (To
the Editor.) Will you please tell me
when the postage rates were changed
back to 5 cents a letter between Eng
land and the United States. I mailed
two letters to England and put a
2-cent stamp on each, but was told by
the postmaster that I had to put a
5-cent stamp on each as the rates had
been changed between England and the
United States since the blockade had
started. I would like to see the answer
in The Daily Oregonian.
E. RANDALL.
No' change whatever has been made
In the postage rate between the United
States and England, says Postmaster
Myers.
Moving Picture Plants.
VANCOUVER, Wash.. April 6. To
the Editor.) Is there a moving picture
manufacturing company in Portland?
If so, please give me the address.
D. M.
Northwest Weekly,. Ninth and Oak
streets, and the American Iifeograph
Company, 1033 East Yamhill street.
WILSON'S TREATMENT OF OREGON
Pendleton Editor Finds Muck to An
alyse in Pntronace Jolt.
From the Pendleton Tribune.
The Oregonian Is not very well
nU..u1 th rraarmiinl accorded
Oregon by the President in the matter
of appointments to distinguished posta.
Washington and California seem to
have fared fairly well at the hands of
Wilson, while this state was all but
Thlaan fat cttlCM WOrO
secured by California, four by Wash
ington and two Dy Oregon.
Minister to Siam and Solicitor Kecla-
. : o .... i ... . a- (inn wanted
I1US.11U11 c i i ii.u. .v. "
Hornbrook's job He, got It. and as King
is an Eastern tjregon pruviutv. "
a voice like a foghorn, he went to
Washington and championed his own
cause and set up a howl that would
not down until h was "given some
thing," and finally, after long waiting
and threats of defeating the whole
party in his state, he was given a Job
in the rieciamation oervice. "
a lawver and he knew the way to get
recognition from a moribund party
was to talk long and loud ana oy pui
suing this course he finally convinced
the party south of the Mason and
Dixon line that Washington and Cali
fornia did not constitute all of the
states of the Pacific Coast and called
the attention of the President to the
State of Oregon. I
With papers in various pans oi
state, and one in particular in Port
i 1 inn.ina- .v- nraiuci nf the Presi
dent and the oratorlan of the Cabinet,
It is surpassing strange, ma,
the party in power should overlook
the directing heads of those newspa
pers In the distribution of Federal
plums.
It must be remembered, however,
that remembrance of the "ever faith
ful" was commenced and faithfully
prosecuted at a time when all the ca
pable and "honest" Democrats and non
partisans In Oregon were being taken
care of by a Democratic Governor. The
Administration and the members of the
Upper House from this state had yery
reason to believe that there would be
no change made in the political com
plexion of the Governor elected in this
state and that all those same good and
tried Democrats would hold indefin
itely onto their jobs, if not as Demo
crats, at least as nonpartisans, as many
of them had so registered, in order to
fool the Republicans by saying they
did not vote the Democratic ticket.
The Oregonian points out that Ore
gon gave its electoral vote to Woodrow
Wilson, while California and Washing
ton went for Roosevelt and that Ore
gon is the only state of the three rep
resented by two Democrats. For these
reasons The Oregonian thinks Oregon
should have served better at the hands
of President Wilson. ' .
-v No doubt President Wilson by this
time appreciates the fact that It wm
rare good Judgment shown by Wash
ington and California in giving their
votes to Roosevelt instead of to him
self. WAS VERA CRUZ ADVENTURE WARI
Authority Snsrgesta That It Should Be
Called Reprisals.
ASTORIA. Or.. April 1. (To the Edi
tcr ) if I am not misinformed, accord
ing to international law, when one
country invades another country and
captures or seizes one of their import
ant seaports and holds it for 48 hours,
stops commerce or collects revenue it
Is a declaration of war. If so, didn t
this country declare war upon Mexico,
according to international laws, even If
Mexico was too weak to oppose them,
was not it a declaration of war. Just
the same? A READER.
All depends on the Intent of the two
parties concerned. Lawrence In "Prin
ciples of International Law," defines
war as "a contest carried on by public
force between states, or between states
and communities having, with regard to
the contest, the rights of states, the
parties to it having the intention of
ending peaceful relations and substi
tuting for them those of hostility, with
all the legal' Incidents thereof." He
adds: "As a rule, both the contest and
the Intention must coexist in order to
make a war."" He says further:
War must be d:stlngulshed from- certain
methods of applying force which are held
not to be inconsistent with the continuance
of peaceful relations between the powers
concerned, though the distinction Is found
in the intent of the parties rather than In
the character of the acts performed, in
so far as the power against which these
latter are directed is concerned, they are
exactly the same as would be resorted to In
the case of warlike operations. But tne
parties to them do not choose to regard
themselves as belllgerenta, and no not claim
to sutject other states to the burdens and
disabilities- of neutrals. . . .. The modes
of putting stress upon an offending state
which are of a violent nature, though they
fall short of actual war, may be spoken of
generically . as reprisals.
Our operations against Vera Cruz are
more properly described as reprisals
than as war, according to these defini
tions. President Wilson repudiated the
intent to make war and President
Huerta did not treat the acts of the
American forces as designed to make
war on Mexico in general. Thoso acts
were ostensibly designed as reprisals
for an insult to our flag. Although the
Mexicans resisted the occupation of
ir i . ttiAtr mn.rla no attempt to
6ltt J i r
drive out the American forces and no
attack was made by either nation on
the other at any other point. President
Huerta would have been justified in
regarding our action as war, and It is
j..- him not tn Mr. Wilson, that It
did not cause war, for Huerta chose not
to regard It In that ngni.
Chestnut Sorrel.
AZALEA, Or., April 4. (To the Edi
tor,) Will you, through the columns of
The Oregonian. tell us what is the
color chestnut sorrel and what is un
derstood by the term, a chestnut sorrel
horse? J. R- PICKETT,
' Sorrel is a 'yellow and reddish brown
color, best described as the color of
dried leaves. Chestnut sorrel is a shade
of sorrel very similar to the reddish
brown color 'of a ripe chestnut. In
speaking of sorrel horses, the color
ranges from a yellowish brown, as
distinguished from the more reddish
brown of a bay. The word sorrel prob
ably is Teutonic in origin, coming from
"zoor," meaning dry leaves, although
a closer kinship is the word "sear" In
our own language, meaning withered
or dried.
Lincoln Hlgswsy Route.
CORVALLIS, Or., April 6. (To the
Editor.) Will you kindly inform me
through the columns of The Orego
nian what states the "Coast-to-Coast"
road or "Lincoln Highway" will pass
through? A. M. FITTS.
The Lincoln Highway passes through
California, Nevada. Utah, Wyoming.
Colorado. Nebraska, Iowa. Illinois. In
diana, Ohio. Pennsylvania, New Jersey
and New York.
Frnlt Cannery In Portland.
GRAND BONDE. Or., April (To
the Editor. Are there any fruit can
nery plants in Portland and on what
streets are they located? F.O.I.
Oregon Packing Company, Belmont
and East Eighth streets.
The New Woman Collanaea.
Philadelphia Ledger.
"What made your wife give up her
idea- of being a new woman?"
"The new baby."
Half a Century Ago
From The Oregonian. April i.
The union convention of Washington
Territory that met a few days go at
Claquato, with a pleasant harmony,
happily indicative of future euccess,
on the first ballot succeeded In dortd
Ing upon Arthur A Denny, the present
Register of the Land Office at Olympla.
as their nominee for Congress. Thera
were several other good mraci before
the convention.. Judge Wyche. of Van
couver, and Elwood Evans, the Acting
Governor. Had either of these gentle
men been nominated we believe the
action of 4ho convention would have
been Indorsed by the' people, also, for
In our opinion the voters of Washing
ton Territory are ready to elect any
good Union man to Congress in pref
erence to taking another two years'
dose of Democracy. There are, how
ever, several reasons why the present
nominee Is available and perhaps
preferable, to any other that could
have been chosen. Two of them are
his fln personal character and hi
high capability for the charge. There
are numerous other reasons but these
are essentially the two any man needs.
Several letters which hav arrived
from Oregon City tell of the lively
celebration held there In obstrvance
of the fall of Richmond and to th
general glorification of Grant, Sheri
dan and Little Phil for their successive
victories for the Union cause.
The dispatches we publish with this
Issue contain information that a move
ment against Mobile has commenced.
One source of our information says
that Mobile has been taken by oar
forces.
At the meeting of the Common Conn
ell last night a warrant for $54 In
favor of E. J. Northrup was authorized
to help pay the deficiency incurred in
the celebration over the fall of Rich
mond. Rev. J. H. Devore Is entitled to much
credit for the work ho has done In
Improving his property at Jeflerson,
First and Second streets. His is about
the only property that has been thor
oughly graded and fixed according to
the surveys of the city, although some
others have started.
We have been requested by many to
suggest to the city authorities that
hereafter when a salute Is to be fired
In this city It be from the Public Plast
and If the popgun of the Washington
Artillery (?) Is not sufficiently loud to
be heard from that place, another spot
be procured.
H. W. Hymen & Co. advertise this
morning that they will close out their
goods In the store at Washington and
Front Btreets, at cost.
The printing ofTlpe and equipment
of the Oregon Times of this city ha
been purchased by the enterprising
citizens of Umatilla and a trl-weekly
Journal will be published in that city
as soon as the plant Is set up.
At the ladles' entertainment given in
the Presbyterian Church the sum of
$166.65 in coirs and $20 in currency
was realized for the benefit of the
Christian Commission. The gentle
manly Ed. has not yet returned o his
office with his report but we are not
apprehensive f r nl safety and may
look for him home In time for Mon
day's edition.
The barber pole of Charles F. Wle
gandt's shop, on Washington, street
wan blown down with a crash by the
high wind Thursday.
It Sinks to Bottom.
MYRTLE POINT. Or., March 31.
(To the Editor.) I have got myself In
an argument that I can't settle with
nine-tenths of the people against me.
but I want proof before I am convinced.
I say that a boat which slnki In mid
ocean goes to the bottom, and my op
ponents ay that it will go only a cer
tain distance down. I can't see how the
Government survey ship has Ifeen able
to sound the bottom of the .ocean if
Iron would float half way dotn. I say
that anything which will slnW through
the first 10 feet of water will go clear
down, for everything Is more compress
able than water, and most things will
absorb water under great pressure.
I could give several other reasons
which I think are good, but may not
be.
As there are a lot of people Interest
ed. I thought you would settle the ar
gument by a complete statement of the
facts. If I am wrong T surely want to
know It. C. E. COUNTRYMAN.
By the principle of Archimedes any
object either partially or totally sub
merged in water Is buoyed upward by
a force" equal to the weight of the
water it displaces. If this force ex
ceeds the weight of the object It will
float. If the buoyant force and the.
weight are equal it will remain at any
point where It happens to be placed
below the surface. It the weight of the
object exceeds the buoyant force it will
sink to the bottom. Since water Is vir
tually Incompressible the "buoyant ton e
ig almost the same t all depths, so
that an object which once begins to
sink will continue to do-so. in fact the
sinking will be accelerated st great
depths, since the pressure of water on
its periphery will be apt to compress
It and diminish the quantity of fluid
which it displaces.
Deeding Away Property.
BORING. Or., April 4. (To the Edi
tor.) (a) Can a person deed his prop
erty to another with control of It
while he lives?
. (b) Can a wife will her property
away from her husband?
(c) Can a husband will his property
away from his wife?
(d) If a person rents a farm In Ore
gon, does the contract have to be re
corded? D. M. C.
(a) Yes.
(b) All except a dower right, or
right to one-third of the property dur
ing life.
(c) fame answer.
(d) There is no law to comj.el the
recording of any contract or doed. but
failure to do so sometimes results in
unpleasant complications as to titles.
No "Angel" for the Play. '
Baltimore American.
Author I can't get an angel Tor this
play. Manager Then there'll be the
devil to pay!
Ready to Do and Dare.
Jack-o'ljantern.
He Could you learn to love me?
SheI learned to speak t nineee.
He Went After It
A certain young theatrical man
ager was recently asked bow he
managed to make himself a million
aire st forty.
"It didn't come to me," he said, "I
went after It.
"I am still going after It not be
cause I need the money, but because
I enjoy the going."
This partlcnlar manager Is one of
the most effective advertisers In
America. '"
He never hides his light under a
bushel.
He lights'lhe torch of newspaper
publicity and keeps it burning
brightly.
,1