THE MORXTXG OR EGO XI AM", MONDAY. MARCH 13. 1915.
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PORTLAND. OREGON.
Entered at Portland, Oregon, Poton71c
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roRTl4.NI. MONDAY. MARCH 1. !
lltttO CASiL CELEBRATION.
When this country was crude, raw
and wild, the Columbia was the high
way by which sold seekers went to the
mines of Idaho and Montana, but it
was used as nature had made it.
Steamers which earned their cost in a
tingle season have become famous in
Pacific Coast history, and their profits
formed the foundation of several great
fortunes. Passengers and freight were
transferred around the Cascades, Ce
lilo Kalis and the rapids by stage and
wagon. Those were Doom nays wnen
cost was not counted in the feverish
haste to reach the gold mines. Finally
the development of the Columbia
basin, which Includes the greater parts
of Oregon, Washington and Idaho and
a large part of Montana and British
Columbia. It is a long step in the
work of converting the Columbia river
into a water highway from the Pacific
ocean to its source in the Canal lakes
of British Columbia. What the Mis
hissippi, Missouri and Ohio are to the
Middle West and South, what the
Amazon is to Brazil, the Nile to Egypt,
the Rhine and Elbe to Germany, the
Columbia Is destined to become to the
Pacific Northwest.
THE TWILIGHT OF THE HORSE.
Man, the horse, the cow and the
dog have been closely associated
through the entire progress of human
evolution. The pig has also been our
evolutionary brother but he has not
enjoyed the same intimate affection as
the horse and Hog. When Darwin was
visiting the cow regions of the Argen
tine he remarked some naked gauchos
crossing a river on horseback and re
flected with his usual sagacity that the
two races had evidently been adapted
to one another by ages of -simultaneous
variation. But now man parts
both charging fares in excess of
cents.
It may be doubted that the stree
railway companies, after due consider
ation, will attempt to establish the
zone rate plan. Moreover, if they did
attempt to do so, it is likely that vot
ers would be governed by considera-
tions other than an immediate reduc
tlon in car fares. The tendency of the
zone rate in Europe is to cause con
gestlon in tenements within the cheap
fare limits. Clearly it would ulti
mately result in the close-in resident
paying higher rent. Likewise it would
ultimately cheapen property values
farther out, where a greater percent
age of people own their 'own homes.
With them the prospective increase in
values, if transportation facilities re
main as they are, would weigh heavier
than a prospective reduction in taxes
through the cheapening effect upon
their holdings of a change in trans
portation rates.
Inauguration of the zone system is a
fanciful solution of the Jitney problem.
In fact, the equitable course is not to
seek a method to put the Jitney out of
business, but to see that the public is
as well protected when traveling by
auto-bus as by streetcar, and that
auto transportation property pays its
company with his old companion and
slave. The horse is at last gaining his proportionate share of taxes. The Jit
ireeaom tnrougn tne goou u.ncra neyis entitled to a fair field, but notn
the gas engine, but if he loses his ex- in more. If lt can exist under such
istence at the same time he may per- terrnS( it is a legitimate growth in
haps not value the favor very highly. pubnc service. If it cannot, the sooner
Altogether lovely as the horse Is on that fact ,s established the better it
the farm and the country road he I wm be for the Jitney operators and the
a nuisance in town. He befouls the
streets, attracts flies and disseminates
disease. Now that he has become un-
economical in addition to his other dis
qualifications, sentence has been passed
upon him and he must go.
general public.
WEAK CASE FOB PRINZ EITEL.
Captain Thlericheu's defense of the
The dog sinking of the American ship William
ought to go to the country with him. P. Frye serves only to draw attention
It is a great pity that some genius to the weakness of his own case, tie
does not Invent a machine that will says that his only guide In treating
a portage railroad wad built past the howl at night, snap at passers by and neutral ships after the Eitel Friedrich
obstructions and was the first step in dj. ut tBe neighbors' flower beds and lost communication with tne uerman
the transition from steamer to rail intnu- take the place of the dog. If I government was the London declara-
such a thin- should ever happen our tion. That agreement permits the
cities might become reasonably clean sinking of a ship, more thaTl half of
pioneer transportation.
With the ale of the Oregon Rail
wav & Navigation company to inter
ests which completed a through line
of railroad from Portland to a con
nection with the Union Pacific, the
glory of steamboating on the Colum
and fairly healthy places to live in.
the cargo of which is contraband.
when the safety of tfie captor would
be endangered by taking it to a port
of the captor's country.
The London declaration includes
foodstuffs among conditional contra
band and contains the following stipu-
IMSPVTING THE RECORD.
The effort of the Democratic press
bia bftan to fade, but the people have I to make it appear that the late Ore
nerslstently clung to the river as a Icon Senate was controlled by politi-
competitor with the railroad. Theylcians traveling every avenue toward nations
have realized that the first requisite spoilsmanship is rounded upon sucn Article as. ' Conditional contraband is lia
to genuine, successful competition was misstatements as the following, which ble to capture if it is shown to be destined
removal or circumvention of the ob-ns taken from a, Portland newspaper: ..l"- "7 deoar m en7 of thTenemv state,
f tructions to continuous voyage from Then the recent Legislature passed a law I unless In this latter case the circumstances
the source of production in the interior I transferring the tax collection to the Sher- show that the goods cannot in fact be used
III oilier, .-iii.ic imnac, .ck". iur iiie iiurpu.es ui, mu .i 111 jiii.&imo.
ently so anxious for more spolla In that of- Artlclo 3. The destination referred to
fico that thev hooked the emergency clause in article a.1 Is rjresumed to exist If the
tnto the measure, but ths House refused to I goods are consigned to enemy authorities or
to a contractor established in tne enemy
country who, as a matter of common knowl-
to the markets at the head of naviga
tion for ocean vessels. To accomplish
this end. their united efforts have been
ppplied for thirty years.
The first fruits were seen in the
opening of the Cascade locks twenty
sears ago. but that by itself was a
small help, for the rapids and Celilo
Kails were only a few miles above to
divide the upper from the lower river.
The delay in obtaining an appropria
tion from Congress was so heart
breaking that Oregon resorted to a
makeshift by building a portage rail
road. At last an Initial appropriation
was made in 1905 and work was be-
sun on the canal and locks which
. have been completed ten years later.
The Columbia Is now navigable
without trans-shipment of cargo from
the sea to Priest Rapids and the Co
lumbia and Snake are navigable to
Lewiston. a distance in each case of
stand for it.
The statement disputes the official
record of the proceedings on this
measure. The House did "stana tor
the emergency clause on the bill. The
sound reason was offered for the
emergency that without it tax collec-
tions would this year be made in part
by one office and in part by another,
resulting in possible confusion.
The bill reached the executive oftlce
with the emergency clause! attached,
but upon advice of the Attorney-General
Governor Withycombe called the
attention of House members to a pro
vision of the constitution which for
bids the attachment of .emergency
clauses to tax measures. The House
thereupon, because of the bill's doubt
ful constitutionality. recalled it.
i t
A, I
more than 400 miles. Steamers can struck out the emergency clause and
the Senate concurred m tne cnange.
The habit some newspapers have of
looking with cross-eyed suspicion
make uninterrupted voyages to the
heart of the grain, fruit, wool and
stock-growing country- They can take
from Portland on their upward voy
age the products of Western Oergon
and Washington and of the whole
world, and can bring back all the
products of the interior for shipment
to the Atlantic Coast and the whole
world. Goods brought down the river
need never leave the water until they
reach a foreign port across the ocean
for thev can be transferred from river
vessels to ocean vessels at Portland
Completion of the Celilo Canal
comes at a propitious time for devel
opment of river transportation. Hither-
edge, supplies articles of this kind to the
enemy. A similar presumption arises if the
goods are consigned to a fortified place be
longing to the enemy or other place serving
as a base for the armed forces of the enemy.
No such presumption, however, arises In the
case of a merchant vessel bound for one
of these places if it Is sought to prove that
she herself. Is contraband.
In cases where the above presumptions ao
not arise, the destination is presumed to be
innocent.
The presumptions set up by this article
may be rebutted.
The Frye's cargo was not consigned
to enemy authorities or contractors,
but to a merchant. It was not con
signed to a fortified place, for the ship
was bound to Queenstown for orders
to proceed to some port in the United
Kingdom, which might or might not
be fortified or a base for the British
armed forces. According to article
S4,' the destination must be positively
such a place, not merely possibly, in
nrrlpr tn liistifv n nresnmnMnn that
upon every Legislature seems to breed ,hH . is contraband. Therefore
a careless veracity. th destination should have been pre
sumed to be innocent. Even had there
CAl'SE OF the DEFICIT. been grounds for adverse presump-
Representative Steenerson, who ex- tions, they might have been rebutted,
posed the fallacy of the Administra- out no opportunity to reDut was given
tion's plea that the decrease in revenue Although the London declaration
was due to the war. returned to the am not Decome operative, tne Jiiei
charge last month and furnished addi- Friedrich chose to be governed by it
tlonal proof that it was due to the ana oy tnat stanaara ine cnuser s con
Underwood tariff. duct must, therefore, be judged. By
Taking official statements as a ba- that standard lt Is condemned as a
violation or tne rignis or a
armies and navies already in the field
and fully equipped with the latest
Implements of war. The peace trea
ties would have had the effect of en
forcing neutrality upon us until the
allies were ready to fight us and of
causing us then to go into war under
atremendous, self-imposed handicap.
This use of the Bryan treaties as a
means of "standing off"-" the United
States until a more convenient time
has been suggested by a writer in the
London Spectator, jvho says:
Although there may well be nothing to
arbitrate, lt would yet seem not unwise for
some- court of arbitration Jo' be designated
at the present time. . less with any idea of
Its direot utility than lor tne purpose oi
convincing opinion that whatever occurred
no possible fear of collision existed. If even
by chance matters should come before this
court which could be regarded as of capital
interest to England, It would not be -difficult
to find reasons for delaying Judgment
until after the war. Recourse might even
be had to Mr. - Bryan's latest "cooling-off
scheme, which, in treaty form, provided for
year's delay, pending which a commission
of inquiry should have time to report to a
court of arbitration. England has only to
put this forward In order completely to
silence any pressing remonstrance of Mr.
Wilson's Adminlbtration, which might find
itself caught a not unwilling victim in its
own meshes.
There we see a frankly admitted
desire- to "delay Judgment until after
the war" and to "silence any pressing
remonstrances of Mr. Wilson's Admin
istration," by resort to arbitration,
and, if the nature of the case forblds
that, by resort to a commission of
inquiry.
Solely through the neglect or refusal
of Germany to enter Into a Bryan
treaty, we are free to defend our
rights against encroachments by that
country. If a German submarine
should sink an American ship with all
hands, the United States- is at liberty
to demand instant satisfaction, and. If I
that is not forthcoming, to begin hos
tilities at a time when Germany is not
seeking more enemies. This is prob
ably one of the reasons why Germany-
made so conciliatory a reply to our
protest against her proclamation of a
war area. That reply contrasts strong-
y with the firm stand taken by Brit
ain and France in defense of their em
bargo on German commerce. Since
the United States sent its protest these
powers have gone to greater extremes.
Knowledge that we have voluntarily
locked up our gun and cannot get it
without burglarizing our own safe
explains the Anglo-French attitude.
This analysis, of the position In
which the Bryan treaties have placed
the United States toward the belliger
ents is not intended as a suggestion
that we should Intervene in the warj
on either side. It is Intended to dem
onstrate that this Nation should not
bind Itself to arbitrate or to submit to
commissions of inquiry every dispute
which may arise. Our present experi
ence' has shown that emergencies may
arise which require, 'prompt, firm
treatment with a "big stick" at hand
and with no treaty veto on its use.
Then we can protect our interests
without breach of faith, and other
nations, knowing we are free to use
the big stick, will not provoke us to
use it. The Bryan treaties are a direct
Incitement to encroachment on our
rights by other nations, for they may
at any time offer us the alternative
between sacrifice of our interests and
breach of our plighted word.
Twenty-Five Years Ago
Granting of a new trial to the Na
tional Cash Register officials defers
Secretary Bryan's hope of seeing a
trust magnate in jail. Even had the
sentence been confirmed, Mr. Bryan's
satisfaction would have been dimin
ished by the thought that a Repub
lican Administration began the prosecution.
From The Oregonlan of March 15, 1S30.
Seattle. Andrew A. Holt, alias An
drew A. Anderson, a famous smuggler
and pirate of Puget Sound for years,
was fatally shot at Salmon Bay, Just
north of this city, late last night while
resisting arrest by Federal officers.
Port Townsend. H. W. McNeill, man
ager of the Oregon Improvement Com
pany, has signed contracts with the
Port Townsend Southern Railroad Com
pany to construct a line between this
city and Portland.
Police Commissioners Frank and Si
mon and Chief of Police Parrish yes
terday took a stroll through the County
Jail to see how the prisoners are kpt
in the new iron cages. Their Idea was
observation to get pointers to be used
when a new jail is built.
Horse cars will soon be a thing of
the past in Portland. The Third-street
system and the Morrison bridge line are
to be electrified.
Manager William H. Lee, of the Ta
coma Hotel, was in the city yesterday
examining the new Portland HoteL
The Portland Hotel Pharmacy, owned
by Frank Nau, formerly prescription
clerk for Woodard, Clarke & Co., will
open to the public today.
Tacoma. George Francis .Train re-
coivert a. a-reat ovation on arrival from
the East yesterday. The militia, bands
and the public were out to greet Mr.
Train on his first visit to Tacoma since
he helped lay out the city.
George W. Brown, whose leg was
broken a short time ago while he was
superintending the work on the Madison-street
bridge, was able to visit his
office yesterday.
Mayor De Lashmutt has purchased
the old Thomas Stewart farm, now
known as the Neep place in Washington
County, adjoining his Witch Hazel stud
farm. Xne Place contains 217 acres and
the price was $10,000. The Witch Hazel
ranch contains 2000 acres.
C. H. Dodd, who has been in the East
the last three months, has returned.
The partnership between Drs. Royal
& Drake has been dissolved by mutual
consent.
A. D. Charlton, of the Southern Pa
clfiCr left yesterday for the Puget
Soulld.
James Russell Lowell's physicians re
port he is slowly improving. The prob
ability is the distinguished author has
been more seriously ill than any but his
physicians have knowm-
Ex-President Cleveland, it is said, has
been offered the presidency of a $20,
000.000 English syndicate, with a salary
of $50,000 yearly.
An interesting article on "The Schools
of Germany" appears in the March num. I
ber of the Student, edited By Master w
B. Wells, of the high school.
FREIGHT RATES CHIEF OBSTACLE
Farmers Could iirt Lime at I'ropcr
Fricea but for Transportation.
GRANTS PASS. Or.. March 13. (To
the Editor.) I wag much interested in
the letter from "Rural Life," published
in The Oregonian March Hi. reparding
the need of pulverized limestone for
use as fertilizer on the soils of West
ern Oregon.
This Is a subject to which I have
given considerable study and. in my
opinion, what is most needed to secure
this limestone for the soils that re
quire it in this state is not legislation,
but transportation and lower freight
rates.
"iiural Life" mentions that, in Illi
nois, the state sells crushed limestone
to the farmers as low as 50 cents a ton.
I would like to add to this statement
by quoting from correspondence from
the warden of the Southern Illinois
Penitentiary, Menard, III., regarding
ground limestone and with reference
to prices and freight rates, as follows:
The price of this fertilizer is 60 centa per
ton in carload lots, shipped In bulk, or $1
per ton in carloads lots, shipped in loo
pound sacks free on board cars at Uie
prison. When the fertilizer Is shippad In
sacks an additional charge of 10 cents i
made for each sack, but a credit of 10
centa Is allowed for each sack returned
within a reasonable time. If the freight for
the return of the same is fuly prepaid. We
ship almost entirely In bulk, In boxcar,
and we are contemplating doing away with
sack shipments except In lens than carload
lots. Our prices are all f. o. b. tiack
Half a Century Ago
LACK OF STRAW MAIJT TROUBLE
h finds that riurlns- 1914 the wanton
Hnti i-niwtnil under the Underwood neutral state, and tlie cruiser should
to the unwillingness of railroads to ,....- nrnolirifpli to 13.62 per cent of not be permitted to leave the United
i co-operate with water lines or to the totaj jmpbrts. In 1912 under the State until full satisfaction has been
puna iceaers to mem na ucr.i payne.Aidrlch tariff the collections I given, not only to tne owners or snip
serious obstacle to use of the river. 18 14 per cent. During the Ave I and cargo for their monetary loss,
ii.e amoinuuiiB nw uw n;iiuii:u "'" months endinjr December 31, which but to the United states lor tne arrront
stage where it is becoming a useful t- flrst fl months of the war. to the American flag.
imports were $134,936,427 less than Germany s announced readiness to
in the same period of 1913. If those give tnis satisfaction is promise mat
eoods had come In. the additional a serious cause of friction will be re-
duty at 13.82 per cent would have moved. In view of her own conten
been $17,892,570. The decrease of im- tion, as against Britain, .that food
ports for the whole calendar year 1914 stuffs must be proved beyond doubt to
i-tibstitute for the railroad. Construc
tion of good highways -with a hard
surface will enable auto trucks to haul
heavy loads direct from the farms and
towns in the back country to the
steamer. Completion of the canal and
the possibilities which it opens "P was oniy about $3,000,000. Hence the be bound actually to a belligerent
should give a great Impetus to the
good roads movement in the Interior,
for good roads will be valuable feed
ers to the river and will render it in
dependent of the railroads.
That the people of the Columbia
river basin may have the full bene
fit of an open river, it Is necessary
that every' river town be equipped
w ith modern ,wharves and machinery
for handling freight and that up-to-
date vessels for carrying freight be
decrease of imports does not explain force of an enemy in order to justify
the deficit. I seizure, she could not do otherwise
The chief cause of the deficit was without conceding that her enemy is
the reduction of duties and the addi- free to starve out her whole popula
tions to the free list. This cut the tion. Irrespective of the merits of the
customs revenue $69,167,342 lower in case, Germany will find the better
1914 than In 1913. But that was not policy to be to make full amends for
all. for Mr. Steenerson showed that destruction or tne Tye.
the Treasury balance had shrunk from
nearly $150,000,000 when President
Wilson was Inaugurated to $45,433,746
on February 15, 1915. The expendi-
"STAND1NO OFF" INCT.E SAM.
The great injury which would be
done to American commerce by the
provided. The old type of steamboat . . i. .i
PJ""" "? ' aruan- 18 exceeded receipt, by $100.- - -n
towing a string of steel barges. At
Portland there should be barges and
lighters for transfer of cargo between
river and ocean vessels. When these
facilities are provided the Columbia
will become a crowded highway and
a good case will have been established
for asking the government to extend
the open river to the Canadian boun
dary, where it should meet an open
river through British Columbia, the
work of the Canadian government.
757,386 and the deficit is growing
from day to day.
The deficit is not due to the decrease
in imports caused by the war. It is
due to the decrease in duties collected
on imports, to miscalculation of the
revenue to be derived from income
and corporation taxes, but, above all,
to lavish spending by Congress. That
body knew that revenue was falling
short of estimates, but lt proceeded
I rt cn.nH rtt nrn mnnl- than it had the
The task of opening the upper tfver 'i" .nnroDr,atlonjl " ade at the last
session being $1,128,000,000. It would
to navigation goes hand in hand with
that of opening the lower river to deep-
sea vessels, for one is the complement
of the other. Portland has divided
with the government the cost of mak
ing a 30-foot channel to the sea.
which is now an accomplished fact.
The government by building jetties
arid by dredging, with the aid of Port
land and Astoria, has made a broad
channel 33 feet deep across the Colum-
be hardly possible for the most ex
pert revenue-producer to keep pace
with the capacity of the recently ex
pired Congress for spending money.
of all goods destined to Germany and
Austria furnishes an example of the
contingencies to which Colonel Roose
velt referred when he denounced the
Bryan peace treaties. By those treaties
Britain and France are relieved of all
anxiety as to the consequences of vio
lating the rights of American com
merce. The treaties bind the United States
and each of the nations mentioned to
devote a year to inquiry by a commis
sion into the merits of any controversy
and during that year to make no ad
dition to their armed forces in prepar
ation for war, but they leave each
nation free to arm against other na
tions. If an inquiry by a commission
into the Wipielmina case were or
dered, our hands would be tied for a
year. We should be barred from ex
acting prompt satisfaction not only
The late Samuel Bowles was handi
happed at the start by the reputation
of his father, who had made the
Springfield Republican one of the
great newspapers of the country; bu,t
he overcame that and kept the paper
at its high standard in the front rank
of New England journalism.
installed.
Italy is hesitating on the brink
fearing what may happen if she goes
Into the war, yet fearing to lose
share of the plunder if she stays out
Either that is the case or she is play
ing a very foxy game to gain all that
Is to be gained by fighting without
having a fight.
Had the British patrol boats which
put out from Hughtown in pursuit of
a German submarine continued the
chase instead of stopping to pick up
the Indian City's crew, they might
have saved the Headlands. Their com
manders' hearts got the better of
their heads.
vThe gift of a wealthy New Torker
of $30,000 worth of radium to use on
inmates of Sing Sing is an estimable
deed, to be sure; yet there are many
outside that institution to be saved
and one cannot but think -the money
could be put to more profitable use.
The British having begun to gain
ground from the Germans by miles in
stead of yards, they may possibly
reach Berlin before they are old men.
If they hold their gains.
The merger of the Southern and
Central Paclflo roads may be a good
thing for California, but how about
Oregon? We should not object to an
other competing road.
Practicability of Flax Scutching Plant
at Penitentiary Doubted.
' OREGON CITY. Or., March 12. (To
the Editor.) In a recent article on
flax fiber there was no intention to
discourage the cultivation of flax
straw, but to call attention to the use
less expense of erecting a- scutching
plant at the Penitentiary at a cost of
$25,000, with a view of promoting the
industry and of furnishing labt-r to
convicts, unless the farmers would sup
ply material. It is evident the farm
era have not responded to the invita
tion, as the Governor has a, plan to
have the state furnish 200 acres of
land for the purpose.
In the interest of the taxpayers it
would be advisable to ascertain why
the Salem plant suspended operations;
also the Scio of later date, well
equipped with modern machinery, and
Chehalis. that was to be the forerunner
of all kinds of mills for the purpose of
working up the fiber locally. The fact
is evident that the farmers are averse
to supplying material. The Albany
plant, in operation in 1873, came -nearer
being a success than any. It not
only scutched the straw, but made
it into sack twine, making an article
equal to the Eastern twine. Though
having a home market, it was a failure
for lack of straw, with the result of a
loss of capital invested in the plant.
The Scio mill could not obtain a
figure for their fiber to justify opera
tion. It was evident that some mo
tive was in view by the Eastern pur
chasers to discriminate against Valley
fiber, as to all appearances it was equal
to a bale of Belgium purchased for a
sample to test the matter. The bale
was consigned with a shipment, call
ing attention to it as selected Valley
fiber, and yet it was turned down as
not eciual to the imported Belgium.
What assurance have we that an -article
manufactured by convict labor
would have any market whatever un
der such circumstances?
I contend it is only by individual la
bor with a small flax scutching ma
chine that the fiber can be successfully
produced. Let a bonus be given by
the state for 50 bales of flax fiber as
an inducement. There is a wide mar
gin in value and there is no positive
loss in the handling. A scutching ma
chine and fiber dresser can be had In
Naw Vnrk Citv for $300. that will dress
PSO pounds In 10 hours. As -the value
ranges rrom cento iu j. pci v""""- enemy.
some or our icue youus uiou wtuuiu
noat themselves in this line of busi
ness. A Government bulletin will give
them information. Respectfully.
A. J. M.
NO CHANCE FOR ZONE RATES.
Prediction comes from the general
manager of the United Railways in for that wrong, but for all the many
I San Francisco that the Jitney, if lt 1 other seizures which would surely fol
bia river bar and is continuing work continues in the field, will cause a low. The allies could continue to gain
with a view of attaining a depth of 40 revolution in streetcar fares by com- all the benefits of throttling Germany
feet. By means of this channel the vol- I pelllng adoption of zone rates. He I and could "stand us off for a year
ume of traffic which the upper river I estimates that In the congested part I on any demand for the abandonment
can exchange with the outer world will I of San Francisco his company could of a policy which might do Irrepar
be vastly increased. -Thus the Inland haul passengers profitably for 2 able injury to our commerce. They
Empire gains by every yard of sand I cents each, but that patrons in the might know that an arbitration court
that is dredged from the channel and I outlying districts would have to pay would finally award the United States
by every ton of rock that Is dumped I considerably more. heavy damages, but in the meantime
on the Jetty. Naturally the question arises as to they might gain their end the defeat
The Celilo Canal forms a link in how the street railways could adopt of Germany and might consider that
a great chain by which every town I the zone plan in view of the 5-cent I by shortening the war they would
on the upper Columbia and the Snake I fare limit usually contained in fran-I save enough in the cost of actual hos-
as far as Lewiston and Priest Rapids chises. In reply it is suggested that unties to counterbalance the sum they
is brought Into close intercourse- with If the change were submitted to vote would pay this Nation.
the entire world Intercourse all the I so many persons would profit by re-1 Should this country resolve to fight
closer because that greatest of all I duced fares that an amendment of the
waterways, the Panama Canal, is now j kind would be approved by the peo
open. It is also an earnest of like pie.
good things in store for the country It Is the idea that zone rates estab-
. farther up the Columbia. The more I lished by the streetcars would elimin-
use we make of our great waterway, late the jitney as a short-haul carrier. I army of about 25,000 men and to a
the more rapldy will its improvement But what would prevent the -jitneys Navy which in two years will be
be extended. I from establishing a zone rate, or bar I equaled by that of France alone. Be
Every citizen of the entire Colum- I them from abandoning the short hauls I ing already at war, Britain and France
.bia river watershed who can possibly I and competing with the streetcars on I are left free by the treaties to arm
attend should be present at the cere- the long hauls at the higher rate? I without limit. Were the present war
monies May 3 to 8. which are to mark I Some Jitneys are now running In Port-I to end before the year of delay ex-
the opening of the canal. Thi will iand to points outside the city limits in I pired, they would be abundantly ready
be one of the great events in I competition with the street railways, J to fight us. They would nave veteran
The Chinese method of roasting pig,
as described by Charles Lamb, was
tried at the packing-house fire, it
may be efficient, but it is too costly
for frequent use.
The Roseburg heiress beseeched by
many in marriage says she had no
idea there were so many fool men."
That's because she is young. i
What bargains there will be in a
Are sale of the thousand dressed hogs
slightly damaged by flame, smoke and
water the other 'night!
rather than yield after the commis
sion had reported, it would be forbid
den by the treaty to make any mili
tary preparations during the year.
We should still be limited to a mobile
If Italy delays much longer, her sen
trance will be considered result of a
cold-blooded bargain and not inspired
by hot desire to kill.
Only nine candidates for city com
missioner and two to elect! Wake up,
gentlemen!
The Turk has faith in Mohammed,
but is placing his real dependence on
Germany..
Thaw no sooner escapes one of the
law's traps than: he falls into another.
The pressure on Governor Spry, of
Utah, Just now is tremendous.
orison yards. Menard, 111.
The railroads have made a very low rate
on this fertilizer. Each road over which
the dust Is shipped charges ss cents per
ton if the distance hauled Is less than .10
miles. If over 60 miles, the charge of each
road is one-half cent per ton per mile, 'i'o
get advantage of above rates, a car of not
less than 80 tons must be ordered. The
freight rates named apply to Illinois points
only.
In Southern Oregon there is an al
most unlimited supply of suitable lime
stone tro-.n which this fertilizer can
be cheaply produced, but the freight
rates to Willamette Valley points.
where the greatest need of this fer
tilizer exists, are prohibitive.
The present freight rates per ton
from Grants Pass to eome of tnese
points are: Portland. $3.60; Salem,
$3.20; Corvalils, $3.40; Albany, $3; Eu-
cene. S2.60.
The following quotations are rrom
correspondence received from a promi
nent agronomist of this state, referring
to erround limestone fertilizer
If it could be laid down here in tne
wniamptiA Vaiiev. at maln-llne points,
13 Der ton in carload lots, mere woum
h cl Inrtrft demand for Iff
I know that when limestone can be nau
at from 2 to (3 per ton at wiiiamono
Valley points there will be a very heavy
nnnBiimnllnn nf It.
If S3 per ton tne maximum price
which the Willamette Valley farmer
can afford to pay for his fertilizer, de
livered at his nearest railroad siding
the foregoing freight rates are prohib-
tive.
If the freight rate on this fertiliser
was similar to thak made by Illtnols
railroads, the approximate cost of
freight per ton from Grants Pass to
the same Willamette vaney points
would be: Portland. $1.48 4; Salem.
$1.22; Corvallis, $1,145; Albany, $1.0S5;
Eugene. 86V cents. Under tnese con
ditions the Will.tmette Valley farmer
would be able to secure ground lime
stone at a figure that would bo profits
ble to him
But even if this fertilizer was availa
ble at a reasonable -price, is the OreKon
farmer readv to make use of it? The
writer has for some time contemplated
the installation of a plant for the pro
duction of pulverized limestone for
such use and a short time ago, In an
attempt to arri '0 at the probable size
of the local market, inserted an ad
vertisement in the local papers, both
daily and weekly, requesting that all
thi se desiring to secure sucn fertilizer,
if the same could be obtained u a rea
sonabie cost, communicate with him.
Onlv one reply was received.
Howeve--. a small crusher, to supply
the local demand, is at present being
i ...IT I '
From The Oregonlan of March IS. 1V
The latest uilvlci-s from .h rmn t
army Indiraied that a portion of It hn-1
reached Capo Fear lat er, s-'tne iltr-taro
above Wilmington. After i ffi-ci n n a
Junction with Si-hof ii-l-l. Sliiiinnn will
probably mov toward i;!iKh. From
Fayettcville. tin- point oil t'aiu- lr
lilver which it Is i-uppoh.-u Mii-nimn n
alining at. it Is 60 mlUs to I:1-IkIi 'I I ..
distance from TIaleiKh to IVWrr.-irott 12 .
UO miles. The rebel have luth.-rio
been unable to offi-r any ronslil.-r.il. u
opposition to Sherniun'H nilvain .-. If
they cannot prevent him from pi ...-..-. i.
Ing north lie may compel evaluation of
Kiohnionil before his army conns n-.ir
that place.
At the election lately held In l'tntl!l.
County, Umatilla City was clio.-.-n iho
permanent county seat of that count;..
Chief Justice Chase in his flri-t offi
cial action announces tliat WcM ir-
ginla is a state. Juilo Catron, of t;.
.Supreme Court, not long (Itice jj.ivp a
reverse opinion. It Is said flint all t i .
Justices concur with C'hasa In the opin
ion that West Virginia l.i a slate i i-.--t
Judge Catron.
City Marshal 11. I- lloyt announce
that the dellntiuent tax lit ha l.-en
placed ill ills hands for t-otlectiuiia.
A rumor was circulated last Mimmcr
to the effect that petroleum had been
discovered near Astoria. The reports
are being revived gently once nunc.
Leopold Wolf will lecture at the Pres
byterian Church this evening for the
benefit of the Ladles' Christian Com
mission. Alex T. Stewart, the great dry good
dealer of New York, paid 1:10,000 In
come tax last year. His tncumo return
was $3,uuu,Uu0 that year.
His holiness, the 1'ope, has demandej
of Emperor Maximilian, of Mexico, that
all the church property be restored to
the bishops. It is expected the Lm
peror will forget to comply.
A purse of $500 went by steamer yes.
terday, contributed to relieve the dis
tress and poverty of John Gllroy, the
pioneer of pioneers of California, titl
roy once was rich. Three old friends,
two living at The Dallas and one at
Portland, made up tho purse.
S. B. GORBUTT.
LET NATIONS
AT WAR TAKE RISK
Porta
MAMMAS AIE Till XT FOKUIVEX
Palmer Uachclore, Oace Annoyed, Take
Trail and Find Sccnle Marvels.
PALMER. Or., March 8. (To he
Editor.) I notice in your paper that
you frequently publish articles con
cerning the Mazamas. Well, we used
to have lt In. for them because thev
came through our little town at all
hours of the night, maklnsT all kind
of noises, from that of the lunty cow
boys' yip-ylp to tho hoot owl's mourn
ful hoo-hoo. 1 romember on one oc
casion they lost "Bob" and from tlm
way they were shouting for htm you
would have thought that he was the
most popular man on earth. Do you
blame us?
Well, some of us old bachelor de
cided to follow the trail March 7 In
hope of corrallng a cripple. Hut ws
were out of luck, for thooo Mazamas
are sure some hlke.s. When lt cornea
to tramping they are there more
than a Missouri farmer can whip
mule. Well, we lost the trail at An
gel's Rest and right there Is where
we took a vote and forgave them.
appreciate that It Is some hard on the
wind to climb mountains. Hut we lost
ours 'when we saw that great pano
rama open out before us. Tnlk about
your Hudson and your AnironuacuM
But you cannot compare them with
what spread out before us.
We talked over all of the descrip
tions we had ever oen printed of ore-
gon scenery and aecmca mat nicy
were wanting. The Columbia makm
one long silvery stresa; tne snow
raps rearing their majeslio heads ta
heaven; tho quiet little farmsteads
with their fields all ready for the
the highway of Columbia'
fame, and then, high up in the rm ks.
a giant spring wnose water come
tumbling down the mountains side in
one streak or silvery spray, i nen it
came to u that the heart of the Ms
zama was next to nature; that th
Wheat Available Only nt V. S.
I Sugrgestlon Offered.
PORTLAND, March 14 (To the Ed- sowing;
itor.) The United States has wheat
and other commodities needed by Kng
land und Germany, but the delivery of
wheat to Germany is opposed by Eng
land and the delivery of wheat to Eng-
InH ia nnnnxpH hv OermAnV.
The only element in the sales to pleasure of witnessing the handiwork
either country which involves poten- of God was remuneration enough for
tial difficulty for this country is the the loss of sleep
mgitap of h t-i i vprv it seems to me that I caused the body.
the. various purchasers should assume I As we stole the pleasure of Insrrlh
a. deserved responsibility by undertak- Ing our names In the little leather
ing the delivery of their own purchases, covered book, we torgave mrm
This country Has tne ngni to sen
anything to anybody, and no foreign
nation can assume to nictate wnaL, TIII-3 SW FRANCISCO FA III,
...ha, n Vinnr W enn linrlprstnnd the 1 h
ratification enjoyed by resident I'm off for California and the Pan Fran
agents of any of the warring nations
SAM M OliK.
when their plans result In embarrass
ment for this country to tne aovan
tage of the nation for which they act.
We have no important merchant ma
rine, and such merchant ships as may
now sail under our flag can find pay
Ing cargoes, consigned to neutral coun
tries. In various United states ports.
Therefore, why not fill the seaports
of this country with wheat or any
cisco Fair;
I'm going to leave tomorrow on the
Beaver or the Bear;
I long to see the glories of the good oil
Golden State;
I long to view the sunset on the olden,
Golden Gate;
I want to sail right through it till I
glide upon the bay:
I want to watch the bustle when I
anchor at the quay;
wondrou wonders there.
Hurrah for California and the
Francisco Fair!
other merchandise desired by the war- I'm off, my friend, to wltne all th
ring nations and sell for casn to an
comer, with the understanding that
carcoes shall be carried In foreign
ships and that no delivery risks shall
be assumed by the United States of
America?
If Germany needs our wheat, she is
r iihertv to come and get it. if she
I'll ee the Fair Ground' marvel, toe;
but first I want to ae
The building of old Oregon Exhibit
A for me.
can pay for it, provided her merchant -with one big tree for every state, which
ships can elude tne war vessel u
SIMPLEX.
Selection of Committee.
PORTLAND, March 13. (To the Ed-
itor.l Kindlv advise us whether tne
committees in the National House of
Representatives are elected by the
House or by the Speaker of the House.
ELIZABETH WATERS.
In the last Congress a caucus of
Democratic members of the House se
lected the ways and means committee,
which reported back to the caucus the
Democratic committee assignments. Re
publicans selected the minority mem
bers of committees by caucus. Caucus
reports were thereafter approved by
the House.
When Husband Disappears.
ASHLAND. OR., March 12. (To the
Editor) Some years ago in London,
England, I read In a paper of a presid
ing magistrate giving his decision to
n,o offoct that it wa legal for a
woman to marry again after a separa
linn vilthnnt divorre. for 8 years.
also' have heard that the same thing is
legal in this country after a period of
7 years. Please advise mo on ui ouu
1ect
' ' R. II. STANLEY.
means that we are bleared
With trees enough for all tho land from
far. fur East to West;
In fact, we'll let them see that w could
build a wooden chain
From Maine to California and from
Texas back to .Maine.
Hurrah for Oregonlans, for they will
all he there.
To see that things keep humming t th
San Francisco Fair:
111
see the new Invention and th
things of long ago:
I'll see the freaks of Nature and th
tricks they have to show;
I'll hear tho hand play "Dixie" and I'll
. 1. .....nH-mt- llrl.l
Disappearance of the husband for That nj umlncK all the heaven and HP-
plants the dark of tvlgiit;
I'll see the Nation's champions in all th
lines of sport:
In fact, I'll be In Eden 'till my pookrt-
licjoif runs short.
Hurrah! I'm off tomorrow on th
Beaver or the Bear;
period of seven years raises tno legal
presumption that he Is dead. Oidin
ary separation, when whereabouts are
known, however, does not, under ioi
mer circumstances If the wife remar
rles after seven years and the mlBsing
Dl-rtalon of Profit.
PORTLAND. March 13 (To the Ed
itor.) Please solve the following prob-
em: A and B made 5800,-a pays ii.iu
expenses: B pays $3.90 expenses; A and
B together pay more expenses, which
amount to $50 they pay equal amounts
of this $50. How much do each receive
of the $S00 after the expenses are ta
ken out? - B. M.
If it is meant that each has paid the
indicated expenses out of his own pock
et and there Is thereafter $800 to di
vide on an equal basis, A should re
ceive $403.60; B $396.40.
Swat the early fly. Do not wait for
the ojiening o"f the campaign.
The real jitney peril seems to have
developed.
Ball soon.
Attachment for Saloon BUI.
PORTLAND, March 13. (To the Ed
itor.) Can a saloon-keeper attach a
man's wages for a liquor bill? I got
a Job now and because I owe this man
some money he hounds me to death. I
am willing to pay. but can't right away.
He threatens to sue me and I have no
money to consult a lawyer with.
ARTHUR M. POPE.
Your earnings are exempt up to $75
per month from attachment for liquor
bill.
Francisco 1' alri
T.ol'IS .T.
P f.WAi-ir.
husband returns, she Is not criminally Hurrah! for California and the San
liable, but the second marriage is void.
Proper procedure Is to sue the missing
huband for divorce on the. ground of
desertion.
Neutrality and Wr I.oen.
pAPTT.A vn March 13. (To the Edi
tor) Is Flora Finch of the Vitagraph
players married to John Bunny of the
same company, put, wuo - "-j.-o
.-loerlUmatll?"
f 7. thr nr International agree
ment to prevent private partie in the
United States from loaning money to
the belligerents? in omer -oru,
would it violate our neutrality to ex
tend a belligerent a loan .
m No.
() War loans by United States citi
zens would not violate neutrality, but
President Wilson has urged Americans
not to lend money to belligerent, and
v,t advice has been heeded. Some or
the warring countries, however, have
established credits In American banks,
by borrowing money which is retained
by the banks and paid out In thl coun
try for supplies.
March Winds
The month of winds has come,
This means extra care of th
skin on the part of mlliidv, for,
unless great precaution Is taken.
she will he much distress! Ith
chapped lips, hands and fce.
Cleansing creams. hlng
cream, softening c r a tn and
nourishing cream. c-reHm to b
used before facing stern March
winds, and creams to be used
after facing them all of these
necessary and delightful acces
sories will play an Important
pa it in the toilet of the fastldlou
woman-during thlj month.
Articles of thl description are
now being shown on th counters
of department and drug store
whose advertisements w carry.
The wise woman will take advan
tage of this opportunity now be
Ing offered in t h I particular
line.