8
TITE 3IORXIXG OREGOXIAX, SATURDAY, MARCTI C, 1913.
rORTUND, OREGON.
Entered at Portland. Orccoo. PottoHlca aa
ferond-daif matter,
fcubccrlpiioa Kate Invariably in advance
(By MaJL)
raily, Sunday Included, one year..
I'aily. Sunday included. 6lx uiontha. .
railr. Sunday Included, lliroo- month
Oaily. Sunday Included, on month.
Pall. Itiiout Sunday, out year. . . .
I'aily, lthout Sunday, mx montha.. .
I'4til, without tiuoday. lliroe montha.
I'ally. without Sunday, ona month.
Weekly, ona )ar 1
Sunday, one year. ..........
Sunday and Weekly, oaa year.......
(By Carrier.)
Pally. Funday lnrludad, one year....
Daily, frunuair Included, one month.
Maw t Krtnit Send Poto(fica money or
car. axpreaa order or personal check on your
local bank. Mam pa. coin or currency are at
ander'a rick. Giv poalofiice addreaa In lull.
Including county and atata.
Poataca Kates 12 to 1 pace. 1 rant; la
o 2 pacta. - centa: 34 to paces, 3 cenu:
0 to oo intr, 4 centa; t2 to a pace, a
.iit: TS to V- pace. centa. Foraico port
age, doubl rate.
KaMera Rualaea Office Vere ft Cork
l.n. New York. Urunauk. tulldjnc; Chicago,
btejigcr building.
baa liarin OfnV R. J. Bldweil Com-
r-aro, iiu Market street.
..
.. 2--5
.. .'a
.. 6.00
.. .
.13.00
other nations or by paying a subsidy.
If thy pay higher wages to sailors
than other nations pay, they cannot
compue and there will be few jobs
for sailers. It would be better to have
a merchant marine manned by for
eign sailors than to have none at all.
We could then trust to the seamen's
bill to equalize wages until thes
reached the American standard.
The Oregonian has long supported
the seamen's bill and rejoices that it
nas become law. We have always
opposed subsidies' as vicious in princi
ple and as ineffective. We have rec
ommended a searching inquiry into
our shipping laws with a view to a
revision which win .enable Americans
to build and operate ships In compe
tlon with all the world, but which will
not degrade American labor. We oe
lieve such a revision is possible.
road taxation that -can be guarded
against only by constitutional enact
ment. Unless provision be made in
the fundamental law, one Legislature
may place apportionment of. road
funds in the hands of the Highway
Commission, for example, and the
next may take it away and assume
that duty itself. '
To lay and allot state' road taxes
in a state so sectlonally developed asl
uregon is bound to oe a airucuit prou
lem. Its consideration is one that
should not await the rush hours of a
time-limited legislative session. ,
rOTlA-D, SATTRDAY, MARCH . 1015.
- THE TRICE.
Mexico is our American Belgium
We send millions in money and food
to the unhappy and ruined people of
the war-torn kingdoms of Europe, but
we shut our eyes and close our cars
to the piteous plight of. the fifteen
millions of poor Mexicans at o
elbow.
They ask for help, and we read
thrm a peace tract; they ask for pro
tection, and we turn our backs on
them; they cry for bread, and we load
a hundred ships and dispatch them to
Europe.
We pay a pleasing tribute to our
o n National self-complacence when
we give and give and give: but we
shirk our plain duty when we refuse
to act. solely because Mexico's troubles
are not ours, but theirs. ' So arc
Belgium's.
Mexico goes from bad to worse, be
cause all outlaw Mexicans know we
will not raise a restraining hand, and
that we deliberately intend that they
shall be left to welter in their own
blood. Tet there is no hope for
Mexico until we interfere, or permit
some other to interfere.
Yes, we have avoided performing a
disagreeable and costly task In Mex
ico, but are peace and self-content,
achieved . through avoidance of plain
duty, worth the price we pay and must
continue to pay?
HANDICAPS OF OCR SHITS.
A correspondent whose communica
tion, is published in another column
!-eems to Imagine that the handicaps
to 'building up an American merchant
marine arise chiefly from the higher
standard of wages and of living which j
we nave estaDiisueu ior America
labor and that removal of those handl
caps necessarily implies lowering tha
standard. The assumption is not jus
tified by the facts nor by the proposed
remedies. We do not believe tuat "the
ruecess of an American merchant ma
rir.e can be obtained only at the ex
pense of the American sailor."
In an article published nearly
year ago The Oregonian quoted
statement of the burden of expens
which our laws Impose on shipowners
This was quoted from a letter written
by Captain Robert Dollar to the New
York Evening Post. Captain Dollar
takes an SOOO-ton steamer as a basis
i-f comparison between American and
British law, and he thus sums up the
items of extra annual expense:
Our law requires more men in the
engine-room than British law requires.
Extra cost of wages and board, 18736,
We reckon a ship's tonnage differ
ently, thus adding 24 per cent to Brit
ish and 35 per cent to Danish meas
urement. This increases wharf, port
and inspection fees in foreign ports
13500 a year.
American boiler inspection costs
1600 more on each ship than that of
other leading nations.
Here is a total of li,236 a year
in added expense which is imposed on
American ships by our laws. If the
law were changed so as to save this
sum it would not reduce the seamen's
wages a dollar. It would at first put
a few engine-room men out of a job
temporarily, but the number of Amer
ican ships would soon be increased by
the reform and would provide these
men with Jobs. The smaller number
of men is found sufficient on British
ships.
The British government is surely as
careful for the safety of ships as Is
the United States, for there are many
more British than American ships.
There may be difference of opinion as
to whether British shipping laws make
as careful pro-vision for safety and
humane treatment of sailors as do
American laws, but certainly more
public attention has been paid to the
subject in Britain. Samuel Plimsoll.
long known as "the Sailors Friend,'
procured the passage of more than
one law regarding ships, one result of
which is the "Plimsoll mark," regru
latlng the depth to which a ship may
be loaded.
Germany also Is known to be pe
culiarly solicitous for the welfare of
workmen, and is not likely to have
overlooked the sailor. We therefore
infer that the United States could
safely reduce the number of men re
quired in the ensine-room to the for
eign standard. The method of boiler
inspection could be changed also.
These two changes alone would save
111.736 a year on an 8000-ton ship
without reducing any man's wages.
Under the law of last August for
eign measurement is accepted for foreign-built
ships admitted to American
register. The third item o extra ex
pense is saved as to them, but why
not as to all American-owned ships?
A universal system of measurement is
needed. If British measurement is
good for some of our ships, why not
ror all?
The law of last August also'permits
employment of foreign watch officers,
the reason being that the United
States had not enough qualified men
to command a sudden accession of
now ships. The officers were there
fore taken over with the ships. A
saving is doubtless made under that
head, but no American was thrown
out ot employment or was caused to
accept lower wages.
There remains the difference In the
wages of seamen, which is consider
able, but the seamen's bill signed by
President Wilson on March i does
much to remove that. It abolishes
imprisonment for desertion and thus
rives foreign ships in American ports
the alternative of paying higher wages
or losing their crews. If after that
law has had its effect a difference in
wages still enhances the cost of oper
ating American ships, it will remain
for the American people to consider
whether they will have a merchant
marine or not. They can only have
one by competing on equal terms with
TVHO.SK PROMISES?
The Morning Astorian resumes its
discussion of the plight of Clatsop
County over Its roads, and makes a
definite call upon the state to come to
its aid. "What is Clatsop going to do
with Its forty-five miles of uncom
pleted roads, left In our hands
through no fault of our own?" asks
the Astorian. "When this county
voted a J400.000 bond issue for roads,
it was with the understanding that the
state would provide a similar amount."
It would add greatly to the general
enlightenment If the Astorian would
inform the public of the exact nature
of the "understanding" by which the
state was to provide a corresponding
amount. If a promise was made on
behalf of the state, let us know by
whom, and when and w here made.
It is obvious that if Clatsop County
devised a system . of roads, and- ar
riiiged for the expenditure of $400,000
on, them, only to have on its hands j
now, iwith its money gone and its
credit used to the limit, "forty-five
miles of uncompleted roads,", a tre
mendous miscalculation , has been
made somewhere by somebody or sev
eral somebodies. If $4 00,000 was the
maximum sum to. be spent, clearly the
original garment should have been
cut according to the cloth; if there
was an $800,000 plan, and there was
an arrangement or promise that the
state would match every dollar put up
by the county, surely the records of
the Highway Commission, or of the
Clatsop County Court, ought . to
show it. -
The Oregonian does not object to
state aid for Clatsop County roads. It
will indeed approve any practicable
effort of the State Highway Commis
sion to solve the Clatsop County road
muddle by substantial assistance. But
it insists that if the state has any spe-
ciul obligation or responsibility there,
legal or moral, the facts ought to be
made known.
CARI. SCHCRZ.
Tuesday. March 2, was Carl Schurz'
birthday. This great man fled from
Germany to the United States among
"the exiles of 1848." The- liberal
movement which they had promoted
in their native land was crushed and
they were obliged to flee for their
lives and liberty. Carl Schurz became
a true American. He adapted himself
to our institutions, mastered the Eng
lish language and took a zealous part
in the public life of the. United States
His efforts were to further the best
ir-lorests of America, not to involve us
in the intricacies of foreign politics.
When he ran for Governor of Wis
consin it was as an American, not as
a European exile. At the head of. his
command in the Civil War he fought
as a patriot whose heart knew no loy
alty except to the' Stars and Stripes.
Carl Schurz was a man of first-rate
ability whose services to the United
States were rewarded by high political
honors. One of the early pioneers of
the Republican party, he helped elect
Lincoln President and in recognition
of his loyal ability was made Minister-
to Spain. Seward, by the way, pro
tested against his appointment, but
Lincoln knew his own mind then as
ever and held to his purpose.
When the war broke out Schurz re
turned and received a commission un
der Fremont. Later he w-as elected
United States Senator from Missouri
and held that office from 1869 to
1875. His career in the Senate was
an honor to the state that elected him
He stood unwaveringly for the better
side in all controversies. Politics cu
but a small figure in his mind. He
analyzed each question, decided where
the merits lay and acted accordingly,
Carl Schurz was a true patriot and
an eminent statesman. 11 is career
stands as an eternal example to those
who come from other lands to take
upon themselves the obligations of
American citizenship. He realized
fully that no man can serve two mas
ters. Either he is an American or he
is not.
ANOTHER "SPOILSMEN'S" BIU.,
Two years ago, upon the recom
mendation of Governor West and
other state officers, the Legislature j
i created the State Board of Control
"for the purpose' of managing and
governing" various state institutions.
It consists of the Governor, Secretary
of State and State Treasurer. The
policy of the statute is clearly illus
trated by the definite authority over
state employes granted by section 14,
as follows:
The executive hcada of the Oregon State
Hoapital, the Eastern Oregon Stale Hoapltal,
the Stalo Institution for the Feeble-minded,
the Oregon State Training School, the Ore
tron State School for the Blind, the Oregon
Htate School for the Deaf and the Oregon
Tubercuiosia Hospital shall be known as the
superintendenta of auch institutions; tha
executive head of the Oregon State Peni
tentiary aa the warden of aaid Institution;
the executive head of the Oregon State
Soldiers' Home as the commandant of said
Institution, and the executive head of the
Capitol and Supreme Court buildings aa tha
ciialnHian nf Maid buildlna. All Of MUd
executive heada. except the custodian of
the Canitni and Sunreme Court buildings.
shall be selected and may be removed at tha
pleasure of the board.
The custodian of the Capitol and
Supreme Court buildings who is ex
cepted from the sweeping operations
of the act is the Secretary of State
(now Mr. Olcott).
If the Moser act is a "spoilsmen s
bill" as it has been characterized by
the Democratic press of Oregon what
is the act of 1913 creating the Board
of Control? If the one is theroduct
cf the cunning machinations of the
spoilsmen, so is the other. The power
to hire and fire is designedly given to
the Board. There is no appeal. There
is no safeeruarding civil service. The
action of the Board is. final.
Now the Moser act, heatedly and
vituperatively denounced by the Dem
ocratic Dress as a "spoilsmen s deed,
merely confirms the authority of the
Board of Control over its appointees
a power it has heretofore had and
th nower of the Governor over his
appointees a power he has undoubt
edly had also.
The clamor of the "non-partisan"
papers is partisan buncombe. The
Moser act gives no new power to any
body. But it confirms and strength
ens existing authority. The Board
may dismiss any head of any institu
tion at any time, and through, such
head any employe whatever. There
has been no time in the history of the
state when it might not have been
done by the appointive power. Any
Governor, for example, who sought to
drag politics or to inject personal ends
Into the educational affairs or tne
state, could have reconstructed tne
Board of Regents of the state univer
sity, or the Board of Trustees or tne
Agricultural College at any time. The
fact that such regents or trustees were
appointed for a certain term does not
alter the general constitutional power
of the Governor, who appointed them,
to remove them, or any of them, "for I
the public good."
The Moser act appears to worry our
Democratic friends greatly. But they
protest too much. This is no day for
spoilsmen 'at Salem. That is what is
the matter with them.
Japanese alarmist; and Bartholdt,
champion of the German-Americans.
Others are Bulkley, chief mover for
rural credit legislation, Neeley of Kan
sas, the two bright Burkes of Penrt
sylvania and South Dakota, Stevens of
Minnesota. Henry George, Jr., who
carries on his father's single tax prop
aganda, . Metz, Alney, Bowdle, Gold
fogle, a veteran Tammanyite, Know
land of California, who tried to be
Senator Beall of Texas, Bartlett of
Georgia and Stanley.
New men are likely- to rise to lead
ership in both houses with the retire
ment of these .men. That is particu
larly true -of Republican Senators,, for
Galllnger, Lodge and Nelson are all
growing old. Underwood may acquire
as high a position in the Senate as in
the House, and may become the Ad
ministration's chief steersman in the
new Congress.
MORE SHITS ODER THE FLAG.
Foreiegn-built vessels owned by
Americans continue to seek refuge
under the American flag. Down to
February 13 the number was 128 with
a gross tonnage of 461,000. Three
steamers and a bark were transferred
during the week ended on that date
If the Administration would remove
the menace of Government-operated
lines, private shipowners would quick
Iy gather in every available ship to
carry American commerce. They are
giving liberal orders in the United
States for ships to engage in coastwise
trade and would doubtless give as lib
eral orders abroad and at home for
ships to carry foreign commerce. Al
though the war has added greatly to
the cost of operation, high freights are
a sufficient bait to tempt men into the
shipping business. The risks are con
siderablc, but these men are willing to
take . them, provided they are not
forced to compete with Government
lines . which recoup Josses from the
United States Treasury.
Abandonment of the ship-purchase
bill and probability that . it cannot
come up again till next December may
encourage shipping men to go into
business without further hesitation.
There is little, if any, prospect of an
extra session, and before December
the war -may have worked such
changes in the situation that all ex
cuse for Government purchase of ships
may have passed away.
"Freckles are healthy" is an old
saying used to console the wearer of
them; nevertheless the woman, so
adorned is willing to take any risk to
be rid of them. A New York widow
in San Francisco lies dead as result
of heart failure produced by anesthet
ics. The fatality wilt not affect the
business of the' beauty doctors.
The imperial gardens at Vienna are
to be set to growing cabbages to feed
the multitude, and if only some Aus
trian Burbank will make two heada
grow on a stalk the Viennese will re
member him with fullest gratitude.
Another newspaperman In Eastern
Oregon has been given a profitable
job. J. R. Gregg, many years editor
of the Ontario Democrat, will be post
master of the thriving city in which
he has lived since boyhood days.
Half a Century Ago
From The Oregonian, March 6, 1S65.
There are 205 rebel flags stowed
away in the War Department office
at W ashington.
Colonel Charles A. May, the brave
and dashing cavalry leader of the Mex
ican War. whose name will ever oe as
sociated with, Monterey and Rcsaca dc
la Palma. died in New York, Decem
ber 31.
The following authors died during
1864: Nathaniel Hawthorne. William
M. Thackeray, Walter Savage Landor
Georse P. Morris. Tark Benjamin,
Henry R. Schoolcraft, Thomas Colley
Grattan, 'Alarie A. Watts, Charles
Sealsfield, John R. McCulloch, Ampere,
Catherine Sinclair and Mrs. K. W.
Farnham.
Georze B. Mattoon. the New Hamp
shire boy, although only 18 years old.
has been in 43 battles and 27 skir
mishes, had two horses shot from un
der him and. durinsr his entire three
years' service, has not sustained a
wound or injury and hasn't been ab
sent from duty in that time.
It is said that the entire line of Gen
eral Grant's breastworks and fortifica
tions from General Meade's extreme
left to General Butler's extreme right
is not less than 35 miles and taking
the sinuosities and supporting lines
into consideration tho whole -works
total more than 100 miles in length.
H. W. Corbett has made public a let
ter from Hon. J. W. Nesmith,. .con
cerning the movement for the locating
of the branch mint in Portland in
stead of The Dalles. Senator Harding,
who arrived on the Sierra Nevada, says
there is no doubt the location 'of the
branch mint would have been at Port
land had the Congress received a me
morial from the recent Oregon Legis
lature.
We see by Sandusky papers news of
the death of Hon. Eleutheros Cooke,
of that city, aged 77. on Christmas
day. One of his sons is Jay Cooke,
the National financier, so well known
in connection with Government loans.
E. N. Cooke", Esq., our State Treasurer,
s his nephew.
Among the passengers on the Sierra
Nevada is Dr. David Walker, of the
United States Army, who came from
San Francisco to repart to General
Alvord. in charge of the District of
the Columbia. Dr. Robert Collis, also
of the United States Army, arrived also,
Among the other passengers were
J. W.- J. Pierson. J. W. Morrill. Miss
M. Sherwood, Major Marston, United
States Army; J. A. Kleizer, E. J. North
rup. Colonel Babbitt and rhany others.
Some of the passengers complained of
overcrowding the vessel.
The increasing business in the tele
graph office has made necessary an
assistant and A. S. Strong, late of the
Salem office, has been stationed with
Mr. Plummer.
J. A. Wetmore, plasterer, is appre-
ensive that, the good -portion of the
community will confound his name with
that of A. A. Wetmore, who was com
mitted from the Recorder's Court last
week. Hence this.
HAXDICAI'S Or' JIEnCIIAVr SHII's
Cont of
Ll.VK IX EVOLUTIOX XOT MISSING
OREGON'S ROAD TAX.
Before another Legislature con
venes in Oregon it is probable that
financial conditions will encourage
greater liberality in appropriations. It
would be fortunate indeed if in the
interim some compromise between
conflicting views in the matter of road
construction could be attained that the
way might better be cleared for an
enlargement of state highway con
struction.
At the last session the same strife
that has heretofore existed between
those who insist that state road money
shall be expended on highways from
the farm to the market and those who
are enamored of through trunk lines
was revived and helped defeat at
tempts to increase the state road levy.
Oregon's quarter-mill road tax will
produce barely more than 5200,000 a
ear for the next two years. Wash-
ngton has just apportioned nearly
2,000,000 of road money for the en
suing biennium money raised by a
state tax. The fund goes into the con
struction of trunk lines or "public
ighways" as they are known in the
neighboring state.
Possibly to appease the demands for
purely market roads, Washington has
adopted the pleasant little device of
mposing a state tax for "permanent
highways" in addition to that for
public highways." The permanent
fund js raised by a state-wide levy,-1)ut
is reapportioned to each county in
the same ratio that it is contributed.
It is in fact a county road tax collect
ed by the state and expended in each
county under state supervision.
We do not know that adoption of
such a plan would bring the opposing
road elements together in Oregon. In
fact we doubt it. And in any event
there is one phase of the plan that it
is not wholly well to emulate. Appor
tionment by the Legislature of the
funds accruing for trunk lines some
times makes for legislative combina
tions which virtually control all other
lawmaking.
Appropriations of public funds are
the best trading material that can'be
offered the Legislator. It is detail of
OLD FACES LOST TO COXCBESS.
With the expiration of the term of
the Sixty-third Congress the country
loses the services of some of Its most
distinguished public men. This is par
ticularly true of the Senate, for it loses
Root of New York and Burton of
Ohio, two men who tower above their
associates in ability, industry ana ae
votion to the' public. Both men retire
voluntarily rather than go through the
ordeal of a campaign for popular
election.
Mr. Root's and Mr. Burton's serv
ices have been National in their scope
hence their retirement is a loss to the
Nation as well as a loss of distinction
to their states. Mr. Root brought to
the discussion of legislation and for
eign affairs a well-earned reputation
as one of the first lawyers in the land
and an experience as Secretary of
State, as Secretary of War and as rep
resentative of this country before ar
bitration tribunals which gave him an
unrivaled knowledge- of foreign af
fairs, of insular affairs and of our
National defenses.
Mr. Burton was the highest author
ity in Congress on river and harbor
Improvement. As chairman of tne
House committee on that subject he
inaugurated a more business-like
method of making appropriations, by
which much "pork" was cut out. Con
gress having relapsed to the old meth
od, he led a historic and successful
filibuster at the session which ended
last Fall, winning over many Demo,
crats by his Irresistible logic, lie lea
his party in a similar fight against the
late, unlamented ship-purchase bill
and again organized an anti-Adminis
tration majority by winning over many
Democrats.
The success of Mr. Burton's fili
buster was due not to mere physical
exhaustion of the opposition by talk
ing against time. His speeches wene
thorough, logical presentation of facts
and deduction of conclusions there
from. He dissected every item in the
river and harbor bill, and was so full
of his subject that he was ready with
a rejoinder to any question. His three
day speech on tho ship-purchase bill
was a liberal education on the entire
subject of tho merchant marine, and
was such a merciless dissection of tnat
measure that little of it remained
when he had finished.
Next in rank to Burton, among the
retiring Senators is Bristow of Kansas,
who has settled back into the Repub
lican ranks after a brief excursion
Into the Progressive party. He is a
keen, incisive speaker and is well in
formed on postal affairs, on the mer
chant marine through his investiga
tion of Panama Canal traffic, on rail
road and anti-trust legislation. He
greatly aided Burton in his assaults
on the ship-purchase bill and assisted
Reed in his exposure of the anti-trust
law's weaknesses. He had a large part
n framing the parcel post law. Per
kins of Colorado, who stands third in
length of continuous service, and
Stephenson of Wisconsin, who stands
first in age, aiso reiire.
The House loses many members,
though its loss is partly the senate s
gain, for Underwood and ' Broussard
go to the upper house. Chief among
others who retire are Murdock. the
regressive leader; Palmer, the Pres
ident's particular confidant; Hobson,
tho prohibition champion and anti-
The Middle West is having one of
its late Winter blizzards, but when
Spring opens in that country the peo
ple forget all their cold-weather trou
bles and dig new cyclone cellars.
A local holdup blames "booze" for
his troubles, which is slapping old
John Barleycorn on the wrist, and is a
mighty poor excuse. When he gets
out he will think up another.
Peace rumors again disturb tHe Chi
cago wheat market. Must refer to
some purely local activities of the
Chicago young people's peace league
or something of the sort.
Brititsh reports are that a big for
ward" movement will begin soon.
Maybe it's another report like that
one about the Russian armies passing
through Kngland.
Why do not the journalistic cham
pions of our spineless foreign policy
continue to chortle over the Adminis
tration's "great moral victory" in
Mexico? "
' "Keep well" is the motto of the
British army. Good advice, but rather
difficult to follow at times when an
intrenched position is being stormed
"Russians are pressingvon," says a
headline. Must refer to the activities
of a Russian cleaning-and-presslng es
tablishment at Moscow.
A Lane County man just dead at the
age or i lett twelve cniiaren ana
fifty-six grandchildren, a typical old
time Oregon family.
Between jits, roller skates, motor
cycles and -walks for exercise, the lot
of the traction magnate is no longer a
happy one. '
Turkey's appeal to Austria for help
fell on deaf ears. Austria has her own
troubles.
Fossils of 3-Toed Horse Yearn Ago Dis
covered in John Day District.
PORTLAND, March 6. (To the Edi
tor.) In The Oregonian, February 27,
section 1, page 1, appears a telegraphic
news item from Berkeley, Cal., to the
effect that a missing link in the evolu
tion of the horse has been- discovered
in the miocene strata of the Southern
Sierra Mountains by John P. Buwalda,
of the University of California.
One is led to believe that Buwalda
has made a great discovery in finding
the fossil form of a three-toed horse.
The eastern section of Oregon is ex
ceedingly rich as a geological field.
Along the John Day River some of
the most vnluable specimens of extinct
animals ever unearthed are found. It
was here that the late Professor
Thomas Condon, a recognized geolo
gical authority and for many years
teacher in the Oregon State University,
discovered the tiny skeleton of the
three-toed horse from which, it is b
lieved, the present' day horse was
evolved. The museums of Harvard and
Yale have been enriched by tons -of
fossil treasures secured from this locality.-
Professor Condon Is the author of an
interesting book. "The Two Islands and
What Came of Them," published in
1902 by j: K.' Gill & C6 of Portland,
Or. On pages 126-7 of this volume he
says:
"The form of horse that most
abounded here in the early Miocene
period (the first period of the age of
mammals) .... was a genus of
three or (four species varying in size
from, that of a Newfoundland dog 25
to 27 inches in height to that of a
small donkey. . . . The result is
that the living horse has but one hoof
while our Anchitherium had three tunc,
tional hoofs for each foot.
"Many of these fossils indicate a
really beautiful little animal of grace
ful outline about the size of an ante
lope, bringing to that early period a
truthful prophecy of the highest type
of our modern horse and so abundant
that fragments of skeletons are found
in nearly all its fossil beds."
According to Professor Condm the
fossil becjs of Oregon prove the former
existence of the fearful looking masto.
don, rhinoceros and camels. These and
other strange animals wandered all
over this western country irom xe
braska to Oregon.
Should not the discoveries of Ore
gon's late geologist, Thomas Condon,
have precedence over tnose ot uan
fornia's geologist, John P. Buwalda?
li.Ulit.til 11. 15L,LBaU-M.
Should Tbry lie Removed at
American Sailor r
To the Editor Several items appear
ing in The Oregonian in the past few
months hava referred to the 'burden
some restrictions" placed on American
shipping by our present laws, and have
urged that "relief" be granted' to the
vessel owners. One recent correspond
ent in particular mentioned "our obso
lete shipping laws," and wondered how
long they must be tolerated. 1 have
looked in vain for any specific state
ment of what "relief" is sought, or of
reasons to justify such relief, accord
ing to American tandards. And,
knowing something of tho burdensome
restrictions of a sailor's ife. of the
.abuse to which ho is constantly sub
jected in many cases, and of the diffi
culty with which even such protective
laws as we have have been secured, I
wonder if your correspondents have
any definite idea of what "obsolete
laws" or "burdensome restrictions" are
meant?
Is it that an "American seaman re
ceives a minimum wage of $-0 a month
instead of the foreign standard of $67
Or that a vessel under American regis
try must earry enough men as crew to
msuro their own and the vessel
safety under 'unfavorable as well a
favorable conditions? Or that the
ship's officers, who are czars In tlicl
Bowers over the crew while afloat, jus
lacking the power of life and death,
must be American men, with prcsum
ably American standards of conduct
instead of foreigners with presumably-
foreign standards?
Or possibly there are other require
ments as to food and quarters for the
crew, tending to humanize their life
aboard shin as much as possible.
believe the President lias already sus
pended the' operation of one or two of
the above laws. Is it at all likely that
the success of an American merchant
marine can be obtained only at the ex
pense of the American sailor?
I have also heard objection to the
demand for American-built vessels for
our trade. On this point I have too
little knowledge to form any definite
judgment. But I know that we are
given the same information (often
misleading) about nearly every Ameri
can industry when, the question of
wages is at stake namely, that manu
facturing (of vessels in this case) is so
much cheaper abroad. .It may bo true
in this case. .Suppose it is. Why
should this industry be transferred to
foreign shores any more than our other
"expensive" American industries? Of
course I understand that to get the
double profit of low European wages
and high-priced American trade would
be highly pleasing to vessel owners of
America, and thut since, under exist
ing circumstances, foreign-owned ves
sels do 'get this double, profit, some
American owners do not see any good
reason wny tney, too, should not
have it.
nut, considering the questions in
volved and the underlying principle of
American standards- for American
workmen on land or at sua, it seems to
me that we must decide, in answering
the vessel owners plea, just this propo
sition: Do we want to reduce any
phase or American industrial life to
the lower or lowest level of European
industrial life? Do we want any
American industry built up at the ex
pense of the welfare of the workmen
engaged in that industry?
If The Oregonian can throw light
on this subject by some definite in
formation regarding what changes of
law are sought, and who will bo di
rectly affer-ted by those changes. I
shall be pleased to see such informa
tion publTshed. The generalities of op
probrious epithets applied to our pres
ent laws, without adequate explana
tion, arouse suspicion as to the merits
of proposed chanKP.
AN INTERESTED HEADER.
Twenty-five Year Ago
From Tiie Oregonian March 0, IW
Olympla, Wash. About SO iiu-mhiia
or the Legislature uttended the theater
last night and made a holy show of
themselves. The company was the
Carolino tage production nt the Co
lumbia Hall, and tho legislators cut
up like a lot of school kids, throwing
paper balls, overshoes, oinnso pcrlini;
at each other and they guyed tho play
ers to a finish. Senator Gilford, of
King, threw an orange across the audi
torium and hit 1'rcsldrnt l'ro Tnn
Parkinson in the pit of the atoniacli
and knocked the wind out of hint. The
missile grazed a woman's head. In tr.a
play there is a kissing seeno nml
the legislators created a demonrtra
tion both voluble and vulgar. Mayor
Gowey Is grcately incensed; the ret
of tho audience was disgusted and the
actors were much disturbed.
TheRepublican Stato Central com
mittee met here yesterday and t!-.a
opening gun in the campaign was
fired. L. T. Harln. chairman, expressed
himself much pleased with tho pros
pects Rnd the spirit manifest. Tha
committee on call appointed wn D. 1".
Thohipson, J. C. Kullcrton. tl. II. Ttur
tiett, M. C George, T. II. Tongue. J. 1".
Faull and W. 1. Kills, enairman. un
apportionment the following were
named: II. B. Miller, C. E. Moore. .1.
W. Cusiek, M. C. Ucorg James Muokle.
Lee Mooroliousc, chairman, Charles
Hilton and G. 11. Burnett.
London. Master Abraham Lincoln,
son of Robert Lincoln, I'nitcd Slates
Minister, who has been suffering from
poisoning arising Horn a carbuncle,
died early this morning. Younii Lin
coln was 15 years old and was hi
fathers only son.
A visitor just returned from Grn
Harbor says the little town of Coe
mopolis is preparing for a boom.
J. P. Faull, member of the Orcson
State Hailroad Commission, says April
3. at Salem, Is tho dale fixed for the
hearing of P. U. Strickland, of Kamela.
against the Union I'aeifa.'. Mr. Mi ick
land alleges the railroad docs not show
hitu enough accommodation. Tho com.
pany also will have its attention calif I
to the recent accidents in which livta
have been lost.
A letter from W. S. Duniway now at
his stock ranch in Anlelopo Meadows
says the loss of stock will not bo nioia
thBn 2 per tent, although the Winter
has been unusually severe.
E. D. Dewert, who has Just returned
from a fishing trip up tho ik-appoosc.
says tne snow on nm m.......... --
fallcit to a uniform depth oi tour ictv
n.vr He Lashmutt Is In receipt of
a letter from H. C. Moore, of La l'orte.
inn- for lniormaiion aa i
Is supposed to ba
tnd..
Breeso Mooic, who.
sick in l'ortland.
Tlio numerous friends of W. Carey
ri,on will lm nlrased to learn that
he Is able to be about again after liav-
..rwl.rirnnn 11 SCVCr Sick spell. IIM
partner, C. M. Idleman. says Mr. Johnson
expects to resume his law piactlco bu-
fore long.
Dr. and Mrs. A. C. Kinney, of Astoria,
left over the Northern 1 acuiu jwici-
day for St. Paul.
Rev J. C Pair Is In the rlty awaiting
. . 1... Iluh.
to be assigned to a pancu
Morris.
One Cipher I'oo Many
KALLBRIDGK. Wash., March 4. (To
the Editor.) There was a mtssprint in
The Oregonian March 4 in the state
ment that Fallbridge would issue bonds
for 35.0J0. It should be $J500.
J. H. MOKRTN.
Delicacy In .Mule l-:tliietc.
W ashington (D. C.) Nr.
"Didn- Huff Jackson tell you dat mule
ho traded to you i a powful kicker."
"lie didn't zactly tell inc. but lie tried
to be honest, lie th'owed In t o bot
tles of liniment an' a crutch without
no extry charge. "
llnoliillona of Sjmpov
Huffalo (N. V.) Kxpresa.
"Jigg's wife speaks ten litnguace-.
"I move we ailopt resolutions of e3 -patliv
and send them to .licgs,"
The local morals squad will be made
rotary affair, by which temptation
to dereliction will slide off before it
can stick.
- Jitney men probably think of the
bright days when something will be
doing at Twenty-fourth and Vaughn.
The British say they are fully confU
dent, of early victory. But the Gtr-
mans are equally confident.
Just now hoary old Winter begins to
rure on how long he can linger in
the lap of Spring.
Speaker Clark says there will be
employment for all by July. And In
the meantime?
More blizzards in the 'Middle West
and more roses and sunshine in
Portland.
Sinecure: ' A new Congressional
berth with no session ahead for nearly
a year.
Warden Lawson is not bigger than
rGovernor WIthycombe.
These are unhappy days for the un
speakable Turk.
will
Congressional
now get a rest.
vocal' chords
The Northwest is the big feature at
the Fair,- ,
WAR FILM CENSORS CRITICISED
Manager of Picture Say, Public's Right
Were Ulsregrarded.
PORTLAND. March 5. (To the Ed
itor.) After the local censor board of
motion pictures viewed the film enti
tied the "German Side of the War" they
decided to permit its showing under
one- condition, and that was to elim
inate all German sub-titles, claiming
that the German text did not corre
spond with the English translation. As
manager or these rums i remov:a an
tha German sub-titles Irom tne picture,
as I did not wish to delay the opening
nerformance. but 1 have shown these
German titles to some of the city's
most influential German residents and
they claim that the translation 13 abso
lutely correct.
L might state here that the women
who are members of this censor board,
who viewed this film, are not of the Ger.
man faith and consequently their
knowledge of the German- language is
very limited and they have proved In
this respect that they are censoring
films without giving them a thorough
consideration, but are satisfying their
own wishes without giving the general
public the slightest thought
The writer is a firm believer in cen
sorship, but only when tho censorship
is' fair and impartial to either race,
religion or subject.
J.-H. LICHTENSTEIN.
'Manager for the film, "The German
Side of the War."
On to Constantinople!
ranera at Boise and Baker.
TOLEDO, Or.. March 1. (To the Edi.
tor.) Please publish the names of daily
papers at Baker, Or., and at Boise,
Idaho. SUBSCRIBER.
At B.ikcr, Or.: The Herald and the
Democrat.
At Boise, . Idaho: Tun Capilal-New
j and tho Statesman.
Thrilling Detective Stories
in The
Sunday Oregonian
Round table detective tales, told by the world's greatest crime in
vestigators, will be a feature of The Sunday Oregonian beginning
tomorrow. There will be ten of these articles, each by a separate
author and each complete in itself. The first story is by George S.
Dougherty, late Deputy Police Commissioner of New York City and
superintendent of the New York branch of the Pinkerton agency.
OTHER FEATURES TOMORROW.
When Kings Led to Battle.
This is a graphic narrative from the annals of war when sovereigns
led their men in the fighting and met in hand-to-hand combat. Just
one hundred years ago Napoleon was the last of these great world
monarchs really to lead his nation to battle.
Intercepted Letters of an Emperor.
Two personal letters written by Emperor Francis Joseph just
after the declaration of war by Germany against Russia have been
intercepted and are now in the United States. These letters were in
tended for relatives -and told of the assassination of the Austrian
heir to the throne at Sarajevo. Strange to say, Francis Joseph fol
lowed the ancient custom of rulers and dispatched these letters by
couriers. The letters themselves, and the way they came to be in
this country, form the basis for an interesting article.
Penrod's New Adventures.
Thousands of readers will be waiting to read the latest escapade
of Penrod, the real boy character created by Booth Tarkington. "The
Little Gentleman" is the- title of this week's story.
Wheat, the Greatest of Gambles.
Two million -American farmers are now staking their money on
wheat. 0dd3 are with them this year in the wager that they will
win, again by commanding an unusually high price for the cereal. It's
the world's biggest bet.
Castles Dance .the Hesitation.
Pictures of Mr. and Mrs. Vernon Castle and an article by Mr.
Castle tell how to dance the hesitation in the most approved form.
In the Castle series The Oregonian is printing the best articles on
modern dancing yet written.
Oregon's Plant Wizard.
Comparatively little is known about the remarkable work in plant
experiments being done by Father Schooner, a Catholic priest of
Brooks, Oregon. A full page in colors tells what he is accomplishing.
Exploits of Elaine.
Interest in this story of crime detection grows with each install
ment. The author is Arthur B. Reeve, creator of Craig Kennedy, sci
entific detective.
Making the Garden.
Several pages have been set aside tomorrow for information on
gardening. Whether you are interested in flowers, shrubbery or in
.vegetable gardening, you will find articles that are both instructive
and interesting.
Many Other Features. t
The subjects here listed are only a few of the good things in the
big Sunday paper. Other features include Doc Yak, Tolly and tho
other characters that make up the best comic section now published,
a page of stories and pictures for the littlo folks, a page in colors .
showing English and German soldiers fraternizing at the front, all
the news of society women, clubs, automobiles, real estate and build
ing, theaters and the general news of the day.
Order From Your News Dealer Today.
-I