TITE -MORNING OREGONTAX, MONDAY, TANTTARY 25, 1915.
3
V
ILSOfl ANNOUNCES
NEUTRALITY POLIGY
Embargo as Contraband Ship
ments Declared No Part of
. Duty of United States.
VIGOROUS PROTESTS MADE
t'nited States Said to Have fpheld
IUghts When Infringed Regula
tions Have Been Enforced
Against All Alike.
(Contlnqed From First Pose.)
would be an unneutral act. an act of
partiality on the part of this Govern
ment, to adope such a policy, if the
Executive had the power to do so.
"If Germany and - Austria-Hungary
cannot Import contraband from this
few cases have come to the attention I
of the Department where mall from i
neutral countries has not been finally j
delivered. . !
Vaaels Subject to I -or ml Laws.
3. "Searching of American vessels
for German and Austrian subjects on
the high seas and in territorial waters
of a belligerent." Neutral vessels vol
untarily entering territorial waters or
ports of a belligerent become subject
to municipal laws. Only two cases in
which American vessels have been
searched on the high seas by belliger
ent warships for German and Austrian
subjects have been reported and both
have been followed by vigorous repre
sentations to the offending govern
ments. Much confusion has arisen, the
letter asserts, over the charge that the
United States has abandoned the prin
ciples for which this country went to
war in 1812. The Impressment of Amer
ican seamen by the British navy In
times of peace. It Is asserted, "involves
a different principle" from the search
for reservists in times of war, though
the latter has not been permitted with
out protest.
4. "Submission without protest to
British violations of the rules regard
ing absolute- and conditional contra
band, as laid down in The Hague con
ventions, the Declaration of London
and international law." There is no
general agreement between nations as
to articles to be regarded as contra
band, the right of neutrals and bellig
erents being opposed and no tribunal
existing "to which questions of differ
ence may be submitted."
Every Copper Setaure Protested.
6. "Acquiescence without protest to
the inclusion of copper and other ar
ticles in the British lists of absolute
contraband." It is here declared that
ii
PRINCIPAL POINTS OF ADMINISTRATION'S INTERPRETATION
OF DUTY OF UNITED STATES AS NEUTRAL
IN EUROPEAN WAR.
No obligation held to exist to prevent contraband from reaching
enemy. This duty regarded as falling wholly on belligerent. To pre
vent such shipments, on the contrary, it is held would be an unneutral
act.
Free use of cables permitted while wireless is censored because
belligerents can cut cables and cannot interrupt wireless; also because
use of wireless, on neutral coast to communicate with warships at sea
virtually makes neutral territory base of belligerent operations.
Both sides have censored private letters, and in so doing acted
within rights under international law.
Allies did not exceed rights In searching American vessels In bellig
erent waters for enemy subjects. Only two cases of search on high
seas have been protested vigorously. Impressment of seamen by an-
other nation in times of peace, such as led to the War of 1812, de
clared to "involve different principle,"
No general agreement exists as to what constitutes contraband
and no tribunal exists to which differences may be submitted.
Copper seizures always protested, but United States is embarrassed
by own declaration In past placing in contraband list "all articles
from which ammunition Is manufactured." including copper.
United States not convinced petroleum and rubber are Improperly
Included as contraband.
f'root Is asked of charges that dumdum bullets have been shipped
to Great Britain from United States, though no legal ground exists
for preventing traffic.
Great Britain has disregarded American citizenship papers and ,
passports In a few instances, but same has been true of all other
belligerents:
Government's, loan policy treats all belligerents alike. Loans by
popular subscription declared to involve danger of arousing partisan
ship, in contrast to purely credit transactions for purchase of war sup
plies in which money remains at home.
General charge of arrest of native-born Americans on neutral ves
sels and in British ports declared unsubstantiated.
INCIDENTS OFFICIALLY REVEALED FOR FIRST TIME.
Right denied to Canada to ship "war material" across Alaska to sea.
Protest made to France for interfering with German passengers
on American vessel off Colombia.
Search of American ship on high seas for Germans and Austrians
protested.
Representations made to Japan and Great Britain against presence
of their warships off American ports.
Positively Last Day of Portland's Greatest Clothing Sale
omen's Clothing Almost Given Away
W
This stock of suits, coats, cloaks, skirts, etc.,
without a superior in the Northwest. LOOK
100 COATS, long and short, heavy, medium
and light. ' Sold to $25.00
TODAY $1.35
50 LINEN AND CRASH SUITS (Spring
and Summer
TODAY 3o
COATS Latest styles and effects, Spring
and Winter, fine materials. Sold to $30.00
TODAY $3.85
100 SKIRTS, splendid grades, workmanship
and materials. Sold to $12.00
TODAY $1.15
COATS Very finest cuts, materials, and
everything consistent with good merchan
dise. Long, medium, light and heavy. Sold
to $35.00, $40.00
TODAY $7.50
Those who hare paid deposit on Suits,
Coats, etc., please call and claim
today.
Today will be the Last Day of
Receiver's Sale at Worrell's Sam
ple Cloak and Suit House. Prices are cut
still lower, in fact we might almost say
that your price will be ours. It is the
truth and the whole truth that the women of Port
land have never seen such I6w prices on good cloth
ing as will prevail on this closing day. Let nothing
keep you from this store today.
It was decided at 10 o'clock Saturday "night to close doors Monday
night (today), or we would have announced it in advance.
There still remains time to procure your Spring wardrobe. Come
for you will have to pay from double to ten times as much for this
class of merchandise after today in other places.
Open 9 o'Clock Until 6 P. M.
The best grades of clothes exist at this
store the finest materials, workmanship
and styles irreproachable, including Fall,
Winter and advance Spring.
150 WAISTS, silks, embroidered, lingerie,
laces, etc. Sold to $15.00
TODAY 4 ."
73 SUITS, worsteds, cheviots, gaberdines,
serges, etc., suitable Spring and Summer.
Sold to $30.00
TODAY $1.65
SUITS No better in country. Sold to $35.
TODAY $3.75
SUITS Extreme values.
Sold to $45.00
TODAY $5.1 5
SUITS-
-Sold to $45.00 and $50.00
TODAY $9.75
Fixtures for sale by bid as well as
other stock around store, after today.
R
SIXTH
ECEIYER
SIXTH,
ana alder WORRELL'S SAMPLE CLOAK and SUIT HOUSE and alder
country, it Is not. because of this fact,
the duty of the United States to close
Its markets to the allies. The markets
of this country are open on equal terms
to all the world, to every nation, bel
ligerent or neutral." .
Facta Kevealrd for First lime.
In the course of the letter's discus
sion of the various charges made, the
following tacts, hitherto undisclosed,
were revealed for the first time:
That the Canadian government re'
cently asked the United States for per
mission to ship "war equipment'
Across Alaska to the sea and the re
I quest was refused.
1 1 'mat tne united states nas sent
vigorous protest to France because
oino German passengers on an Ameri
can ship plying between two ports In
Colombia were forced by a boarding
crew from a French cruiser to sign a
promise not to participate in the war.
O'hls procedure was declared in the
.American note to be an "unwarranted
exercise of Jurisdiction over American
rebels in which this Government will
' not acquiesce."
That sharp representations also were
made to another of the allied govern
ments because search was conducted on
the high seas on an American ship for
Austrian and German passengers. The
name of the offending government was
not revealed.
RJcjht Conceded by German?'.
That December IS, last, the German
Ambassador, by direction of his gov
eminent, delivered a memorial to the
T'nited Stntes Government, declaring
that "under the general principles of
international law no exception can be
taken to neutral states letting war ma
terial go to Germany's enemies from
or through neutral country."
Thut representations were made both
to Japan and Great Britain against the
continued presence of their warships
off American ports and that the pro
tests were in each case heeded.
That since the announcement of
the Washington Government's disap
proval of war loans none has been
made by" foreign governments in this
country. A distinction is drawn offi
cially for tho first time between loans
floated by popular subscription and
large credit transactions for the pur
chase of war supplies, the State De
partment revealing that it has no ob
jection to the latter.
lu a general way, the letter sets
forth that rules of neutrality have been
promulgated by the American Govern
ment without discrimination and have
been applied with equal fairness to all
concerned. It cites instances of viola
tions by Germany and Great Britain
and asserts that protests have been un
hesitatingly entered, regardless of the
country offending.
Irrlraa and Table Differentiated.
Vomplaints as summarized by Senator
ituiie are answered in the letter point
by point, substantially as follows:
1. "Freedom of communication by
submarine cables versus censored com
munication by wireless." It is set forth
first that a wireless station on a neu
tral coast cannot be interrupted by a
belligerent, but that the latter has an
unrestricted risht to cut a cable on
the hich seas. Germany's cutting of the
Urittsn cablo near Fanning Island is
cited to balance Great Britain's inter
ception of the cable between Germany
and the United States. The point Is
maid that wireless messages can be
sent direct to warships at sea. which
can prey upon public or private vessels
and make neutral territory virtually
a base of naval operation, "to permit
which would be essentially unneutral."
2. "Censorship of malls and in some
cases repeated destruction of American
letters on neutral vessels." Germany
and Great Britain, pursuing their rights
as belligerents, both have censored pri
vate letters falling into their hands
No evidence has ever been presented
to the State Department that mail on
aboard Dutch steamer has been de
Isu-oyed, as repeatedly charged. Only,
every seizure of American copper has
been followed by a prompt protest and
that the inclusion of "unwrought cop
per" in the list of absolute contraband
is under consideration, though the Gov
ernment "necessarily finds some em
barrassment In dealing with the sub
ject" because of a declaration by the
United States in the past placing "all
articles from which ammunition is man
ufactured" on its contraband list, in
cluding copper among such articles.
6. "Submission without protest to In
terference with American trade to neu
tral countries In conditional and abso
lute contraband." History shows, says
the letter, that In every war the su
perior naval power has Interrupted neu
tral commerce more or less, but those
who complain are referred to the Amer
ican note of protest of December 26,
dispatched to Great Britain.
Xote to British Again Cited.
7. "Submission without protest to in
terruption of trade in conditional con
traband consigned to private persons
in Germany and Austria, thereby sup
porting the policy of Great Britain to
cut off all supplies from Germany 'and
Austria." Again the letter calls atten
tion to the note of December 26, to the
British government, contending for the
"principle of freedom of trade in ar
ticles of conditional contraband not
destined to belligerent forces."
8. "Submission to British lnterfer
ence with trade In petroleum, rubber,
leather, wool, eta" As petroleum can
be used in propelling submarines and
rubber is essential for big motors used
by armies, the United States "has not
yet reached the conclusion that they
are Improperly included in a list of
contraband.
"The United States has not inter
fered with the sale to Great Britain and
her allies of arms, ammunition, horses,
uniforms and other munitions of war.
although such sales prolong the con
flict." No obligation, it is contended,
exists either in international law or
in the domestic law of the United
States to prohibit private trade in these
articles. In the past the present Del
ligerents, when neutrals, maintained no
such prohibition, "In fact, it is only nec
essary to point to the enormous quan
titles of arms and ammunition fur
nished by manufacturers in Ger
many to the belligerents in the
Russo-Japanese war and In the recent
Balkan wars to establish the general
recognition of the propriety of the
trade by a neutral nation."
Proof as to Dumdums Welcomed.
10. "The United States has not sup
pressed the sale of dumdum bullets to
Great Britain." ' The rerrespondence
recently published between the btate
Department and the German Ambassa
dor is repeated with the statement that.
although there is no legal ground on
which to prevent such traffic, the Presi
dent of the United States would wel
come proof of the charges and use his
Influence to prevent sale of these articles.
11. "British warships are permitted
to lie off American ports and intercept
neutral vessels." The letter says that
protests were made to Great Britain
and Japan, and that they withdrew
their warships from the vicinity of New
York harbor and Honolulu, respectively.
12. "Great Britain and her allies are
allowed without protest to disregard
American citizenship papers and pass
ports." While Great Britain has dis
regarded American citizenship papers
"in a few instances, and the same is
true of all belligerents, in each case
of apparent illegal arrest, the United
States has entered vigorous protests
with requests for release."
Loan Policy Treats All Alike.
13. "Change of policy in regard to
loans to belligerents." It is asserted
that the American Government's pol
icy affects all governments alike. The
dangers of loans through popular sub
scription arousing partisanship through
monetary interest In the success of the
belligerents is pointed out in contrast
to purely credit transactions for the
purchase of war supplies, the money
for which does not leave the United
States, and could not. as in the case of
the loan, affect the finances of this
country.
14. "Submission to arrest of native
born Americans on neutral vessels and
in British ports, and, their ixnprlson-
rr.ar,t" TVia e-nerp.l charge, the letter
oecoto hpen unsupported by evi
dence, but wherever irregularities have
occurred prompt demand tor release has
been made. .
15. "Indifference to confinement oi
non-combatants in detention camps In
England and France." All the bellig
erents have made complaint, but in
vestigation has proved that "conditions
are as good as possible." The United
States has consented at the special re
quest of the German government to
send Mr. Jackson, former American
Minister at Bucharest and now attached
to the American Embassy at Berlin, to
make a special investigation of deten
tion camps in England.
Territorial Violations Never Proved.
16. "Failure to prevent trans-shipment
of British troops and war mate
rials across the territory of the United
States." No truth of this has ever been
furnished and a request of the Cana
dian government to send war material
through Alaska was promptly denied.
17. "Treatment and final internment
of German steamship Geier and .the
collier Locksun at Honolulu." Tho cir
cumstances are reviewed ana me ac
tion taken is held to be in accordance
with the -usual international practice.
18. "Unfairness to Germany in rules
relative to coaling warships in i-anama
Canal Zone." Although the regulations
worn not proclaimed until Novemoer id,
no belligerent warships are known to
have coaled previously at the zone,
and the action was taken "without the
slightest reference to favoritism to the
belligerents.
19. "Failure to protest against the
modification of the declaration of Lon
don by the British government- The
nntiflnntinn nf this Government that It
could not accept piecemeal adoption of
the declaration of i.onaon is recaueu
with the. statement, also that the modi
fies! tlnna bv the belligerents in that
ond of naval warfare "are or no eon
i-orn tn the United States," except as
.aopriplv Rffect the rights of
a morion citizens as defined by Inter
national law. In so far-,as these rights
have been Infringed, the Department
has made every effort to obtain redress
for the losses sustained.
Chinese Hosts at Banquet.
t.a GRANDE. Or.. Jan. 24. (Special.)
Local Chinese last night celebrated
the opening of a new fraternal organ
ization in this city by a banquet at
which local bankers, city officials,
prominent attorneys and business men
were guests. The banquet was unique
in the annals of similar events In this
city, Blnce the guests were treated to
delicious Oriental dishes as well as to
Occidental dishes prepared Dy expert
Chinese chefs.
Soldier, 14, Is Wounded.
LONDON, Jan. 6. (Correspondence of
the Associated Press.) The youngest
member of the British army at the
front. Private James Stirrat, is back
in England recovering from a shrapnel
wound in the leg. Stirrat. who is 14
years old, is a son of a corporal who
lost his life in the South African war.
The boy went to France with the ex
peditionary force In August.
Charity Association Forms.
PULLMAN, "Wash., Jan. 24. (Spe
cial.) An organization of the business
men of Pullman, the ministers and the
faculty of the State College has been
formed under the name of the Social
Welfare League, and Its purpose is to
care for needy children and help fam-
llies who, for various reasons, are un
able to provide -themselves with the
necessities of life.
Umatilla to Have Libraries.
PENDLETON,
cial.) A public
Or., Jan. 24. (Spe
library building is to
be erected in Pendleton within the
year at a cost of $25,000. The Carne
gie Library Board is to furnish the
money, the city ha;, donated the site
for the building ar.d the county is to
guarantee an annual maintenance
fund of S25J0. A branch costing $7500
is to be erected in Milton and it is
planned to have branch buildings
erected in each of the larger towns
of the county.
Molulla to Have Electric Light.
MOLAIXA, Or.. Jan. 24. (Special.)
Molalla Is to have electric lights and
power In a short time. The Portland
Railway. Light & Power Company hiis
installed its main high tension Hm
whlch t'omes from Cni.idero and sup
plies Salem and southern points. The
city council meets next Tuesday night
to pans on the franchise, whtch iius
heen nhmlttol.
BRIGHTS DISEASE
AND DIABETES
(SO-Day otice)
FORMULA Influence the Renal tract with
an agent that opposes Renal and Hepatic De
generation and Urinalyses will show dimin
ishing albuminuria In Bright's Disease ana
decreasing glycosuria in Diabetes.
PHYSICS That Fulton's Renal Compound
diminishes Albumen in many cases of
Bright's Disease and Fulton's Diabetic Com
pound (a modification) reduces sugar 1"
manv cases of Diabetes is a FACT IN
PHYSICS established by thousands of urin
alyses.
RESULT Recoveries are being reported in
Bright's Disease fall ages) and In Diabetes
(In people over 50. Send for current Bul
letin of Recoveries. John J. Fulton Co.,
44 First Street, Pan, Francisco. o fur
ther notice for 30 days. Compounds at
druggists.
n 1 T i l D :
Dana instrument Ddrgdiu jx
Slightly ted SBd fep-j
Shopworn. wHst"
Send for our latest list.
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