TITE MORVTN'G OREGONIAN TTEPyESDAY. JAXtTARY 6, 1915.
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FORTI-AXD. WEDNESDAY, JAN. . I1-
OrB NEGLECTED DEFENSES.
Xo man can truthfully say that Sec
retary of War Garrison is a militarist
He himself defines his position by
saying: "1 fear militarism no less than
pacificism. May America be preserved
from both." But he is now foremost
In urging that this country P"- itself
in a position of adequate deiense, anu
lie said, in an interview- published in
the Outlook,:
If tomorrow any first-Clara military power
ehould attack the unltea btatea in iuno
abould aucceed in retting her warshlpa and
soldier-laden tranports paat our
.nit.d out of ranas of our coaat defenses.
nee fairly aahore ahe could pulverise our
email regular Army and punlah ua to a hu-millatlna-
degree. If not actually make na
aue for peace, before we could raise ana
train a volunteer army adequate to cope
with the Invaders. In other words, at pres
ent our Navy la our only considerable oui'
vvrk acainat Invasion.
Mr. Garrison says that our army is
not lares enough for our treat coun
try even as a mere police force." He
urges that we begin by increasing; the
regular army to the point where we
shall have a mobile army or bu.uou
men. which, if we were attacked,
"would serve as a stopgap, keeping
the enemy at bay or harassing him
until the reserves, militia ana voiun
teer forces could be organized." It
would "provide a school to graduate
trained instructors, who could work
h ramr material into shape." He
would shorten the term of service in
the regular army, but would intensify
the training and would then pass all
men into the reserves, who would have
a short period of annual training.
Mr. Garrison says "our Navy is our
only considerable bulwark against in
vnalon " but Rear-Admlral Bradley A.
Fiske. a member of the General Board
of the Navy, reveals some startling
deficiencies, which have been summed
in thnx hv the New Tork Tribune:
It would take five years to set the fleet
in condition to meet successfully an effective
enemy.
1 1 would take three yeare to set the per.
l ,. to a standard of efficiency neces
sary to enable it successfully to meet an
effective enemy.
The I'nltrd Ktatee has no general plan el
.. -i a.v.lnnmrnt independent of those
t meet economical exlsenciea.
The United States la deficient In scont
K.itle rrulsers. destroyers and all
A,he aitviltarteS.
An immediate neee-alty. If a coherent plan
f naval development la to be followed out.
Is the creation of a naval general staff.
The Navy needs more tercet practice and
sreater efficiency In all branches In the acl-
tiermany today Is probably the superior of
loth Oreat Britain and the United States in
nunnery.
Admiral Fiske says our cities could
be bombarded by aeroplanes sent from
a hostile fleet 500 or 600 miles dis
tant, and our only defense would be
aircraft, as
to which the General
Board says "our present
ituation can
be described as nothing less than de
plorable." We are also inadequately
provided with mines for defense of
our coast, having only one mine-iajer
and another to be completed in two or
three months, while Germany has five.
Assistant Secretary of the Navy
Koosevelt says that our Navy ranks
onlv third and would require more
than 18.000 additional men to put it
on a war basis.
According to Representative Gard
nor, our shortage of men is so serious
that "out of thirty completed battle
ships twelve are unavailable without
a long delay on account of our refusal
to pav the bills for manning them
and that eighty vessels of our Navy
are "not available for battle In any
rraergency." He says that not only is
our Navy 18.000 men short, but is
liotween 30.000 and 50,000 men short
for war. He says we have Just
dozen aeroplanes in the Navy, yet
"itrtffres cut down the appropriation
last year from the $1,300,000 asked
Ivy the Aeroplane Board to $350,000,
and when the General Board asks
J3.000.000 this year Secretary Daniels
recommends no specific sum and chat
ters about a volunteer aircraft force.
Reur-Admlral Straus says all the
battleships now In commission are
equipped with a short-range torpedo,
which may be considered obsolete for
the battle fleet.
Commander Tates Stirling, of the
Atlantic submarine flotilla, says that,
through luck of proper upkeep, the
efficiency of his flotilla haw so far de
teriorated that it now contains only
one submarine capable of remaining
submerged with safety for more than
fifteen minutes.
As ah.ov.tng the seriousness of our
shortage of men in the Navy, Admiral
Dewey says that ships are useless for
war without trained men. that the
training Is "long and arduous" and
"must have been provided for lor.g
previous to the outbreak of hostili
ties." and that any ship found at the
outbreak of war without trained offi
cers and men "can be counted as only
a useless mass rf steel, whose existence
leads to a false sense of security."
All other naval powers maintain a
'trained reserve and our General Board
recommends that the active personnel
be expanded with the expansion of
the fleet and that a naval reserve be
formed which, in connection with the
active list and the naval militia, will
suffice to man the entire fleet and
furnish ten per cent additional for
casualties.
An attempt is made to brand the
movement to remedy this condition of
National defenselessness as a political
agitation aimed against the Adminis
tration, but two of the men we have
quoted hold high office in the Admin
istration, only one other is an active
Republican and all the remainder are
non-political officers of the Navy, who
ask for the proper tools with which
to do their work, which is defense of
the country. The demand for adequate
defense is supported not only by Re
publican but by many Democratic
newspapers. It is freely conceded that
rxth parties are to blame, and the agi
tation to directed toward the Demo
cratic party because that party lias
power to provide the remedy, not
against that Darty.
Reference to the large amount of
money which we have spent on our
Army and Navy is no answer to crltl
cism. The question is not how much
money are we spending, but what have
we to show for it? One newspaper has
shown that by expending an average
of 380,000,000 a year for sixteen years
Germany has built a better navy than
we have built for over $100,000,000
year. We have not got a dollar'
worth of navy for our dollar. If w
take a leaf out of Germany's book as
to the Navy and another out of Swit
zerland's book as to the Army, we may
be able to build up a sufficient Army
and Navy without increasing our ex
penses. Switzerland spends only be
tween $6,000,000 and $8,000,000 a year
on her army, but within two weeks
she can put into the field a half
million effective, well-trained, well
equipped men. The American peopi
would like to get somewhere near as
much in proportion for their money,
with due allowance for the difference
between American and Swiss standards
of cost.
STRANGE.
It is possible quite possible that
the low-witted Sierks, who says he is
a murderer, is merely a liar, or a de-
generate romancer. It is possibl
quite possible that Pender, who sayi
he is not a murderer, is both a mur
derer and a liar. But it is undeniable
that the Sierks story has many ele
ments of probability; and it is unde
niable. also, without the Sierks con
fession, that the Pender conviction is
surrounded by elements of doubt
Pender had a good name previous
to the Wehrman homicide, and his
attitude since his arrest and conviction
has confirmed the impression, held by
manv. that he is an Innocent man. It
does violence to one's faith in mankind
to assume that such a man would
commit such a murder. But there is
nothing inherently improbable in the
assumption that 6uch a man as Sierks,
under certain provocation or excite
ment, would commit such a murder.
It seems strange, in the circum
stances, that any individual, or any
newspaper, in advance of a searching
official investigation, should set out to
show that the man who says he com
mitted murder did not do It, and the
man who says he did not commit mur
der did do it,
NO CRITICISM FOR THE PRESIDENT?
The Oregonian accepts with due
humility the rebuke administered by
Its agitated correspondent, Mr. Craw'
ford, for its criticisms of President
Wilson; but it cannot agree that it has
a duty to support, right or wrong, the
present National Administration, or
any Administration. If the way to keep
out of international trouble is to sit
tight and say notning, either in de
fense of our National existence or for
protection of our citizens or our com
nierce. no President, so far as we can
recall, has measured up or down
to the standard fixed by our peace-at-
any-price friend.
President Wilson sent to Great
Britain a vigorous and effective pro
test against English interference with
our shipping and their cargoes. The
Oregonian commended the Administra
tion for this gratifying sign that it
apparently realized 'at last that noth
ing was to be gained by mere watchful
wUiting or pious Inaction. We wish
that the Administration might do other
things, in its International relations,
Ahich The Oregonian could in con-
-science approve. '
The highest duty of a newspaper is
to state facts clearly and to discuss
important questions candidly. Does
our friend imagine that anything is
to be gained for President Wilson, in
any matter, Dy repression ui nee
sneech? Evidently he thinks so. But
he is mistaken.
PROGRESS OK MEDICINE.
The theory and practice of medicine
made gratifying advances during the
year 1914. As tne iew lorn ouu
remarks, its progress, was sound rather
than sensational and It took many
directions. One of the best achieve
ments of the year was the confirma
tion of the belief that typhoid fever
could be prevented by treatment for
mmunization. lixtensive experiments
upon soldlrs-tJie now made the
serum treatment dependable and tne
death rate from this once formidable
disease has been reduced almost to
nothing in the armies of the world.
There has also been an encouraging
change in the popular feeling about
cancer. We can all remember when the
victims of this terrible malady often
gave ud all hope from scientific rem
edies and in their despair resorted to
suDerstitlous and Irrational practices,
relying upon the mercenary advice oi
unscrupulous quacks. The medical
profession has, in a measure, stopped
this waste of life and money Dy insist
ng upon an early operation in every
Instance when there is the slightest
danger of cancer. Every abnormal
growth upon the body, no matter how
slight it may be. should be submitted
to a surgeon without delay.
The business of supplying habit-
forming drugs has steadily grown more
disreputable during the year and some
effective steps have been taken to
check it. But legislation is still needed.
The persons who pursue this meanest
of traffics manage to elude the pres
ent statutes in one way and another,
so that the use of drugs is rather upon
the increase throughout the country.
PerhaDs the most evil method of dis
tributing them is through quack med
icines, though there are dozens of oth
ers. Preventive medicine made many
conquests last year. Municipal hygiene
forses ever more to the front. .People
re learning that it Is far better to
prevent disease than to cure it ana
ivlc authorities begin to vote tunas
for health departments with less re-
uctance than formerly. But much
still remains to be done along this line.
It may be a long time yet before our
local and Federal authorities will ap
propriate money to save human health
as readily as they do for hogs and
cattle.
One of the main causes of the in
validation of state laws has been the
fact that an appeal could be taken
to the United States Supreme Court
from the highest state courts, when
the latter had upheld a state law of
which the validity was attacked, but no
appeal could be taken when such laws
were held Invalid by state courts. This
has been the law, although laws were
Invalidated on the ground of conflict
with the Federal Constitution, the in
terpretation of which is the Federal
Supreme Court's highest duty. It is
gratifying to learn that a bill recently
passed the House permitting appeals
in defense of as well as in attack on
state laws. The result will be re
moval of conflict in decisions of vari
ous states and, it is to be hoped, rein
forcement of the power of states.
NO FAVOR SHOWN TO FARMERS.
One great need of the West is an
ample supply of skilled farm labor.
For lack of it crops have gone-un-
harvested or damaged by exposure to
November storms. But when Senator
Gronna. of North Dakota, offered an
amendment to the immigration bill
permitting farmers, to import skilled
labor, it was rejected on tne recom
mendation of Senator Smith, of South
Carolina. Mr. Smith had the better
of the vote, hut Senator McOumber
had the better of the argument when
be said:
Now. if the Senator Is afraid of dumping
the cheap labor of tne oia cuumnra u
our farms, let me say that we are equally
afraid of dumping tne cneap proout-u
,i k . vi - ..noun inhar or the old coun
tries into this country. You throw down
vour bars of protection and you say that all
the food products produced anywhere in the
.m inio the ITnited States free.
but at the same time you say to the farmer
who has to compete wltn tne ennie
in his produce, "We do not intend to let
you set anv labor to work your farnt unless
you pay the price that is paid by the pro
ft5 manufacturer." and in that Is the
sreat injustice.
The farmer cannot get enough men
to work his farm and to harvest his
crops. What he does get is "the over
flow from the cities after the employ
mMit in the cities has been exhaust
ed," as Mr. McCumber expressed it.
Hosts of farm laborers immigrate vol
untarily, but no steps are taken to di-ror-t
them to the farm, and they
glut the labor markets of the cities.
Thev deeenerate as workers and ag
gravate the problem of providing for
the unemployed. But, tnus nanui
capped by the law and the law's neg
lect, the farmer is thrown by the pro-
ressed friends of the farmers the
Democrats into competition with the
products of countries . which have
ohnnrlant. farm labor. The former
can ndure such treatment in war
times, but it must be a very vicious
law the evil effects of which can oniy
be neutralized by war.
OLD AND TO PNG MEN.
Some people like to call our time
the age of old men; others call it tne
age of young men. There are facts
to Justify both views. The active work
of the modern world is done, for the
most part, by men under fifty years.
The reflective and guiding work is
done quite as largely by men who nave
passed fifty. The commanders of the
Riirooean armies are old men. The
statesmen who direct the affairs of
the nations are by no means young
as a rule. Some of the monarchs are
aged, some are fairly youthful. The
troops in the field are naturally in the
prime of their years.
The statesmen whom we recan as
among tne great vi tne muuciu
world have usually held their own
well on toward extreme old age. This
was true of Gladstone and Bismarck
and of many others. Our leading-Senators
are usually mature rather than
young men. Our great financiers are
for the most part gray-headed. A lit
tle reflection shows how mistaken it
Is to think of the world as the exclu
sive sphere of either old or young. Men
of all ages still play their parts upon
the human stage just as they have in
the past.
In the world or today mere are
many and Druiiant opportunities iui
young men, but so there have always
heen. Alexander conquered the world
at about the age when our young engi
neers begin to have great tasks ottered
them. Martin Luther was still a youth,
almost, when he confronted the Diet
of Worms. Dido was girlish in years
when she founded Carthage. Adven
ture and achievement, experiment and
energetic leadership have always been
the province of young men. The old
have been expected to moderate, con
servo and counsel.
If young men have been particularly
conspicuous in American araairs wr
the last half century, the reason may
perhaps be found in the fact that we
have been more disposed to seek ad
venture than to reflect upon principles.
A coming change in this respect, al
ready makes Its forefront visible. The
chances are that . the United States
will do a great deal more solid think
Ing in the next half century tnan it
did in the last.
PEACE BACK-ED BY FORCE.
foinnel Roosevelt is at his best
when writing on subjects not connect
ed with internal politics. He proves
this well by his writings on National
defense, peace and arbitration. His
latest contribution to the education of
the Nation on these subjects is an
article in Everybody's entitled "Amer
ica on Guard."
He begins by declaring military
preparedness' "a partial insurance
against war" and that with it, "if war
comes, the country will escape ais
honor and will probably escape ma
terial loss." To those who say that
war has come upon nations in spite
of preparation he replies: "Such an
argument is precisely like saying that
the existence of destructive tires in
great cities shows that there is no use
in Ravine- a fire department. ne
applies this parallel by saying:
Kiiinna that are prepared for war -
casionally suffer from It; but ll tney are
npropared for It. tney suner ir m
often and far more radically.
He contrasts the position of Japan
with the Plight of corea ana Lnina.
He reviews the wars of Europe in the
last century as showing that disaster
befalls unprepared nations, while pre
pared nations are able to defend
themselves or to secure immunity
from attack. By numerous examples
in American and European history he
roves that unpreparedness does not
prevent war, laying stress on Switzer
land's one hundred years of peace
while prepared for war. He holds up
for imitation as effective workers for
peace men like Stein. Cavour and Lin
coln, "men of action who stood lor
the right and who knew that the right
ould fail unless might was put. De-
hind it."
The Colonel heaps scorn on the ul
tra-pacificists, calling them "preach
ers of the diluted mush pf make-be
lieve morality" and saying that it is
noxious to work for a peace not based
on righteousness and useless to work
for a peace based on rignteousness
unless we put force back of right
eousness." He insists that military
training benefits a nation, citing such
progressive nations as Germany,
apan, Switzerland, Argentina, unne
and Australia- In his opinion the
lowest depth Is reached by the pro
fessional pacificists who continue to
scream for peace without daring to
protest against any concrete wrong
committed against peace." ie ne
lieves in international peace main
tained by treaties and by a tribunal
backed by the "collective force of
civilization," but he says Secretary
Bryan's peace treaties "amount to al
most nothing, but are slightly mis
chievous because there is no provision
for their enforcement and they would
be in some cases not only impossible
but Improper to enforce." Therefore
they "represent nothing whatever but
international fiat money." He makes
this declaration:
The indispensable thing for every free
people to do in the present day is with
efficiency to prepare against war by mak
ing Itself able physically to defend its
rights and by cultivating that stern and
manly spirit without which no material
preparation will avail.
Colonel Roosevelt condemns Secre
tary Daniels for allowing the Navy to
deteriorate and he approves the plans
for the Army proposed by General
Wotherspoon and Secretary Garrison
He favors the Swiss plan of national
military training.
Colonel Roosevelt's' virile utterances
are refreshing to one who has been
surfeited with the mushy sentimental
ity which emanates from the great
Chautauquan.
The decision of the Supreme Court
yesterday affirming the judgment
against the Hatters' Union must lead
to reorganization of the scheme of
boycotting an offensive product, if, un
der the terms of the Sherman law,
action of that nature can be taken.
Holding the individual member respon
sible for acts of a union officer will
compel" him to pay more attention to
his obligation by attending meetings
and participating in proceedings that
are now, in great many cases, con
ducted by a few who are not alto
gether the most conseravtive union
men.
When a circuit judge paroles a boy
on honor he does so with good intent.
for there is hope in a first offender
and even in one who has gone wrong
a second or third time. Blame should
not attach for the leniency, for one
started on the straight and narrow
course is worth a dozen derelicts. If
the paroled youth fails to respond, the
punishment is his, and he must take it.
Even if Sierks' confession is pure
fable, Pender may still be innocent
No man should be punished for crime
as long as real doubt of his guilt exists,
and there is much doubt of Pender
guilt. In our zeal to punish the crim
inal we should not visit injustice upon
others. The maxim is still true that
it were better to let a hundred guilty
men escape than convict one innocent,
J. Sanger Fox expresses surprise
that so many prohibitionists failed to
vote the Prohibition party ticket. To
be consistent he should favor a polit
ical party for every social reform on
the carpet. If we cannot vote for a
good cause, without swallowing the
whole "ticket" that has been pinned
to it, political dyspepsia is likely to
become a common malady.
That hospital at Maubeuge, as Irvln
S. Cobb pictures it, surrounded ankle
deep with putrefied fragments of men
bodies, demonstrates the true nature
of war. It tells more and more truly
than flags, bugles and neighing steeds
can. The pomp and circumstance of
glorious war reduces itself in the last
analysis to the stench of putrid nesn.
The holy war in which the pious
Turks are engaged is described as
ravaging" thus far, and it is carried on
in Persia, a neutral nation. Neutrals
have a hard row to hoe in this war.
Perhaps it is because misery loves
company that the belligerents want to
drag in everybody else.
Italy has tottered for a long time
on the precipitous slope of war. Now
she seems about ready to slide down
How strange it is that the memory of
a great democrat like Garibaldi should
incite to bloodshed, and yet ne was
fighting democmt, which, no doubt
accounts for it.
Unless their cartridges are loaded
with soap and their commissary and
supply service is rotten with graft, the
Turks ought to prove something of a
factor in the .war eventually. There
is no braver or more durable fighting
man than the Turk.
The French are ordering portable
kitchens for their troops. The Ger
mans had a sufficient supply when the
war broke out. And such equipment
has a big part In deciding the fortunes
of war.
It would help the digestion of the
world at large if more of the Kaiser's
"K" bread were eaten. Combination
of rye flour and potato flakes is not
to be despised.
If the allies can't advance in the
western theater at this time, when
Germany is fully occupied in Poland,
when do they hope for a more tavor
able time?
The Citv of Ogden, which has
enough Gentile leaven to balance the
Mormon lump. Is said to have the
highest birth rate of the country.
The naval parade through the Canal
may be postponed because of slides.
We are beginning to wonder whether
we have a canal or haven t.
When a wife of 40 leaves husband
and children to follow a hobo,- what's
the use? To call the feeling "love
is to libel womanhood.
Italy is again on the verge of enter
ing the war. But the fine thing about
Italy is that she always pauses for a
sober second thought.
New York is rated as the wealthiest
city. While No. 2 on the list is not
mentioned, we assume, of course, that
it is Portland.
But why this rumpus over patron
age after President Wilson has served
nearly all the pief
Great Britain's formal reply is ex
pected to be friendly. To be sure.
Jolly us out of it-
Now flour is going up rapidly. Heav
ens, are we going to have to quit eat
ing altogether?
It begins to look very much as if
Iceland were going to be dragged into
the fracas.
Hordes of Turks are swooping into
Russia. Whence they will swoop out
again.
General Scott is still please-don't-
Ing down around Naco.
Proper weather for an irrigation
congress.
Nobody dares order Italy to disarm.
Montana has the usual deadlock.
What! Slam still extant?
" On to the Rhine! ,
Half a Century Ago.
From The Oregonian, January 6, 1S65.
It is supposed that the Rebel Con
gress has, in secret session, authorized
either General Lee or President Davis
to raise an army of 50,000 slaves and
arm them in the service of the Con
federacy. The fine new steamship "Del Norte"
was launched at the shipyard of Henry
Owens this morning. It will run De
tween this city ajid Crescent City and
Humbolt,
J. C Boone, one of the pioneers of
Owyhee, lately arrived in town, in
forms us that the two mills on Jordan
Creek are still running and will prob
ably be kept in operation all winter.
He says that lots of paying gold ore
is found in this region.
The dangerous place on Front street,
near the Penitentiary, is being im
proved by setting in a culvert
New York. Jan. 6. Th Pope of
Rome, in response to a Manifesto of
the Confederate States, applauds the
pacific sentiment expressed therein,
deplores the continuance of the bloody
struggle between the North and the
South and says that he will not fail
to avail himself of any favorable op
portunity to urge peace.
Dated Dec. 21. 1364, Ben Simpson
sends us a letter from the Siletz
Agency, and says: "A large brig
named Blanco, from San Francisco, was
wrecked a few days' ago at the mouth
of the Siletz river. It is a complete
wreck and, from appearances, the
whole crew has perished."
The late storm on the Atlantic coast
was one of the severest known in
years, and the fleet of Admiral Porter
reached Beaufort harbor after narrow
ly escaping wreckage. It will have to
abandon all plans of attack on the
Wilmington forts for the present
PUMP GUNS AND GAME SCARCITY
Correspondent Sees No Connection, but
Offers Reasons for Dearth of Docks.
ASTORIA, Or., Jan. 4. (To the Ed
itor.) I read in The Oregonian, Janu
ary 3, an article entitled, "A Plan to
Bar Use of Pump Guns." It goes on to
state that game is getting scarce and
that pump and automatic guns are the
main cause of its scarcity and what ter
rible killers they are. It also gives the
names of certain hunting clubs that
bar the use of these guns.
Aa I have hunted ducks and other
game In this state for 30 years, and
have seen the game birds gradually dis
appear, I am very much interested in
this question, and have some ideas on
the subject that don't exactly accord
with those of the duck-hunting clubs
which, I suppose, are sponsors for this
bill.
I want to state that I don't believe
that the kind or make of gun that the
ducks are killed wtlh nas anytning to
do with the scarcity of ducks. The
game laws of Oregon set a limit of 30
ducks for one week's shoot and a
hunter cannot kill more under any cir
cumstance (providing, of course, he
obeys the law).
The cause of the scarcity of ducks I
attribute to two things, and that is
feeding the ducks and allowing so
large a number to be killed. The ducks
are fed in lakes, large and small, all
up and down the Columbia River, in
fact every nook and corner that can
be controlled and fed is used for a
slaughter pen. There are more ducks
killed on these feeding grounds In one
day by these gentlemen sports with
their high-priced double-barrels than
all the oumos in the state kill In a
whole season on public hunting grounds.
I know personally dozens of hunters
in this locality who use pump guns on
public hunting grounds, and I have
never known of one of them killing 30
ducks in one day s shoot Whereas,
have known so-called sports to kill
the limit in two hours on a feeding
ground and brag about it' in publi
print afterwards.
If our state game warder will intro
duce a bill to reduce the limit on duck
to 15 a week and prohibit feeding fo
the sole purpose of slaughtering ducks,
he would confer a great blessing on the
ducks, and cause more grunts and
squeals to go up from these so-called
sports than you could hear In a thou
sand years In a pork-pacKing plant.
In my opinion, the reeding or aucKs,
which makes the killing of 30 in two
hours possible, is the cause of their ex
tinction, and I would line to nave some
fair-minded sportsman or our game
warden tell me what possible harm
pump run can do that a double-barrel
won't do if a reasonable limit Is put
on the killing of ducks. In my opinion.
15 ducks is enough for any man to
kill in one week, and anyone, except a
game hog. would be more than satis
fied with that number.
The fact of the matter is that outside
of these feeding grounds, there are few
ducks in this state. In the Willamette
Valley, where the ducks used to feed in
the stubble by the thousands, there are
hardly any left They have been en
ticed to the feeding grounds by tons
upon tons of wheat and there slaugh
tered for fun, and some of these
would-be-sportsmen are not even satis
fied with that They are grunting and
squealing because they can't shoot be
fore sunrise and after dark.
Yours for less game hogs and more
ducks. F. M. CROSS.
WAR WHAT FOFl f
I.
Three boys, sturdy and strong were
they.
When they marched away in the morn
ing gray.
And light were their hearts, and
bright their eyes.
As thev waved their caps in fond
goodbys
To a litle woman with graying hair.
Who wrung her hands in mute despair;
And thus they left her, crying alone,
For they were her sinew and blood and
bone.
II.
Ah they had answered to Duty's call.
For love of country and home and all;
For a righteous cause and a hero's
fame.
In the name of God, .and in Glory's
name:
In the morning sun their rifles gleamed.
And the banners waved and tne trum
pets screamed
Oh, brave were the boys, and patriots
they.
Or so they thought wnen tney
marched away.
in.
n.it An went out on the desert sand.
And one was Kiuea in xoreigii
And one returned, but a Thing he
came.
With a broken heart and a cowara s
nnmA
And a little woman with faded hair,
Bowed down her head m a sobbing
prayer:
'O. Lord, who heed'st the sparrows fall,
Have pity on me I nave given aii.
rv.
And the war that had claimed of the
woman three.
Was not for the cause of Liberty,
Nor in God's or Glory's or Freedom's
name,
Twas a war of Conquest and Greed
and Shame;
Of vampires, who sent tne country a
sons ....
To kill their brothers witn gleaming
guns;
And the Devil grinned from the depths
And chuckled low, " 'Tis well, 'tis well."
?rj;.i.ta .iruuciuj
Reasons Given by Writer Why It
Shonld Not Be Abandoned.
PORTLAND, Jan. 5. (To the Edi
tor.) It has been reported In ' the
newspapers that at the coming ses
sion of the Legislature efforts would
be made to discontinue the appropria
tions now being made for carrying on
the topographic survey of the state,
and I desire to set before you some
reasons why this work should not be
stopped. The writer believes It to be
of great value to Oregon, and feels
that the survey should be carried on
at least until all the areas of economic
Importance have been thus mapped.
At the present time the state la de
cidedly inadequately mapped. There
are very large areas of which there
are no maps at all, and larger areas of
which the only maps that exist are
grossly inaccurate. The larger state
maps are simply compilations from
smaller county maps, many of which
are in error. I think I can safely say
that individuals are not in a position
to make the necessary original ac
curate surveys which are required for
good maps. The expense is too large
for individuals to undertake. This has
been the experience of surveys the
world over, particularly In Europe,
where all detailed mapping has at
length fallen into the hands of the
government
The Federal Government has turned
over the task of mapping the United
States to the Geological Survey, which
has been engaged in the work for
about 40 years, and according to the
latest report of the director for the
year ending Juno SO, 1914, S9.S per
cent of the area of the states has been
mapped. The work done by the U. S.
G. S. -Is considered to rank with any
governmental mapping bureau In the
world, and the Geological Survey topo
graphic sheets are recognised for the
care and accuracy with which they are
compiled, and also for the excellence
of their manufacture. The Geological
Survey has built up a map making
and engraving department that is
probably superior to any similar insti
tution in the world, and It has taken
40 years 'to develop this plant
Many years ago Eastern states saw
the value of getting their areas sur
veyed as rapidly as possible, realizing
that the Federal appropriations would
be limited, and accordingly many
states have made appropriations to
pay for half of the work, and Oregon
has been one of these states. It should
be understood that the co-operative
fund thus provided by the state and
the Geological Survey Is used for field
work and draughting only. All the
expense Incident tto engraving and
printing are borne by the survey itself,
and this is a very considable item, for
every map Is engraved on at
three copper plates,
with a high de-
gree of accuracy
Kir. fha beginning of the work In
Oregon the survey has mapped IS quad
rangles with its own funds entirely
and without state aid, and In addition
there have been mapped 12 quadran
gles on the co-operative basis: Mitch
ell Butte. Pine, Umatilla, Blalock
Island, Arlington, Condon. Oregon City,
Reedvllle, Boring, Albany, Halsey and
Eugene. Maps and profiles have been
made of John Day, Deschutes, White,
Metollus, Sandy, Hood. Clackamas,
Santiam, Willamette and North Ump-
qua rivers. Ten large-ocam mav
drainage investigations and improve
ments have been made of the Upper
Willamette Valley, six of which have
hcn nublished. These maps are of in
estimable value to the state, for they
are useful in all sorts or irrigation,
nninin road and railroad building,
ditch building, taxation and boundary
matters and many other things. Right
now there are disputes over tne imun
dary lines between Wallowa, Union
and Baker counties. Lane and Douglas
counties and Curry and Josephine
.nnntic all because there are no ac
.... m nf the areas In question.
Tn addition to the finished work
above outlined the geological survey
has partially mapped several sneets,
fiiowa: Kimira. Monroe. Corvallis,
Dallas, Salem, Hillsboro, Lebanon and
Brownsville. Some of these sheets are
over half completed anu tne wruei
feels that to stop this work with the
state's money tied up In the eight
sheets above mentioned would be very
unwise, especially when a detailed map
of the Willamette Valley is so badly
needed for a solution of the drainage
problems that now coniront mt .
r of that territory. Tt will be seen
thnr the work in the Willamette a
ley would be stopped with an unsnr
veyed area right in the middle, which
would he like building two wings and
v.. .- tr.r a hmiRe and not finish
ing the main house, which would result
in everything that had been Duui oe
1 n.nnr)iu11v UKAIpSH.
t .Hrlitlon to the sheets that have
been partially mapped in the field
, th.i- nmiiirancles have been
iitH hv levels or triangulatlon,
or both, including Aumsville, Mount
Angel. McCoy. Crook, Hcppner. i aunna,
, u tii pveral maps In
the Deschutes Valley, and in these, too,
the state's money win oe neu up ..".
out return until the maps are com
Some people imagine that this work
Is in some way connected with tne
i a r. "cnnRArvation" that we are
now being served with and
. , 1 V, 1 nnnurl on that
that It
account
This is quite far from the truth. In
oo-.et and detailed knowl
edge of the state, such as Is shown by
the topographic maps, would be highly
useful in combatting the present sys
tem of locking up all our resources.
The writer feels that the river maps
especially are higniy a.uu.0 ... .
ing attention to the fact that the Gov
ernment is holding our water power,
11.. i,,nin everyone from do-
S.T any thing with it. An accurate
. i U .. ti . n wnilld SO
man or tne i s ------ -
a long way to show people
?A .? Z?L mountains and would cer
tainly indicate many -Pocifle In-tance.
e where conservation is holding us
hack. v' , ..v-ri
tteameiiia 0itltlpd
to know' something about their sur
rounding country. The people of Pcn
Z, The Dalles, .Astoria, Susan-
nc fa til- T.I1H.I I J " - ' " - - -
vllle. the Descnuies v n - -
mining districts in Boutnern
mining u.v for surveys.
nave u . .
There are so many
xnere ,. bv other
on tne '-'--,, fllds
states appropriates -7--- --- ,.
that should uregun i"". '" " ""r" V.
but little worn wuu.u
Last year the survey speni
.,, will go to some other
state should Oregon decide not toeon
Unue the work. But 22 per cent of
the state Is mapped as compared with
tne state to r,t,, manned, four
geven "r".3rth. mapped and
about eiSht more over half mapped.
?r-. 1. 35 per cent mapped.
c"anfornia TO per cent Arizona .0 per
39
. Tohn au per i-cut, -
-r Tt seems to
npr cent. Lian ov .
the writer that when Oregon is look
. i to mm ft to settle here
hat we VhouTd have accurate knowl
te of our lands, at least as extensive
sCanforriia, Idaho and Wa.hln.ton.
who are rthttr.
A. n. v v jo . . -
Feasibilities ef Invaalon.
London Punch.
Knglish village worthy (discussing
possibilities of invasion) 'Wun, me. v,
S be no battle in these parts. Jarge
tor there hain't no field
you may say; an' Squire 'e won't lend
em tne use 01 i
Keeping Ua With War Sews.
Life.
Mother, where are Helicon and Par-
ndttaiiM?" AUK TOUT ionic.,
He keeps up with the war news.
Example ef Thoughtful Tact.
Life.
jones "Has she any tact?" Bones
-r.f She's the kind of woman who d
send a wrist-watch to the Venus of
Milo for a birthday reeentH
Twenty-Five Years Ago.
From The Oresonlan. January 4. 1S90.
United States Marshal John C.
Franks, of San Francisco, dropped
around for a visit to Marshal Myera, of
Portland, yesterdny to "sympathise."
Both declared that they will continue
to live In hope of seeing the Democracy
In power again, and the rascals once
more turned out
Sierra City. Jan. 3. A giant snow
slide off the Sierras today buried raven
people here. The destructive avalanche
wrecked a church which stood in Its
path, and will considerably delay all
Oregon-bound trains,
Olympla. Wash., Jan. S Governor
Perry pardons Minnie Allen, a woman
burglar, from penitentiary sentence, fnr
the sake of her babe.
Colfax, Wash., Jan. I. A $75,000 flra
ravaged Colfax early this morning,
which affected about a third of the
town. Four men barely escaped death.
The steamer State of California la re
ported adrift off the California Coast
and the lives of Its many passengers
imperiled. The steamer's ahaft broke
in a storm.
The excavation for the new fire sta
tion on Fourth street between Ysnihlll
and Morrison streets, has revealed the
fact that the foundation of the big flra
bell tower was partially rotted away
from long standing. Portland now has
a leaning tower, too.
Oregon City. Jan. J. 1S0 A railway
company has been formed here for the
purpose of building a motor line from
Oregon City to Mllwaukie. there to con
nect with the proposed motor line from
East Portland.
Mr. Rankin, of Columbia Slough, yes
terday made the Landers family the
most acceptlble present of a cord of
wood.
Sl'FFKR IX BILKSCK. 1 ADVHH
Correspondent Weald Have Xe Criti
cisms ef Administration Published.
TpRTLAXD, Jan. 5. (To the Editor.)
While I was amused at a cartoon on
the front page of The Oregonian Hal
urday, since it displays considerable
subtle wit I could not help but feel
like entering a protest at this time
against your policy with respect to the
administration of affairs In this coun
try. You may not feel like printing this
letter, but If you do I am sure you
will find that my position is supported
by most thinking people. The terrible
problems facing this country a we
begin our new year require the strong
est minds of our most able executive
for solution.
Our present position in the conflict
of nations is one for which wo are
all thankful, but In order to keep out
of trouble we must sit very tight. Con
sidering the fraillty of human nature
at large. I feel that those of ua who
are not engaged in handling the execu
tive problems should at least not
hamper the actions and impair tne
efficiency of Individuals who are o
engaged by Idlo jest and cheap wit
Such a pastime may seem harmless and
of no consequence, but It all has Weight
when you consider that almost every
newspaper In every city In the coun
try takes a part in the Jesting. Also
when the jesting is viewed by other
countries our National position is cer
tainly weakened. 1 can apply till to
myself In a convincing way. Recently
I saw some cartoons from Japan re
garding their relations with our own
country. These would have made me
very hostile to the Japanese people
had I not known the real feeling of
the educated Japanese as the result of
having bpent two years in that coun
try. Why can't you be big enough at this
time to reverse your polity and cither
help and encourage, or say nothing?
Ssve your funny cartoons for local hit
and lend your voice to a demand that
the press of the country cease cartoon
ing our present Administration, Just a
the cartoons about William McKlnley
were dropped for com mom decency Im
mediately after he was assaulted. In
fact, I believe that the McKlnley car
toons were Indirectly responsible for
his death, having worked upon the
minds of the Ignorant What might be
the result of cartooning In this Na
tional crisis?
Considering the terrible situation In
which we may find ourselves if every
thing Is not handled exactly light I
ask you to refrain from further Jest
ing of this variety. Avoid the bad ef
fect In the minds of Ignorant people
in this country and abroad. Prevent a
lark of conf idenro In tho minds of tlia
thinking people and particularly the
Individuals on whom we must rely for
our National salvation.
W. II. CRAWFORD.
SOUNDNESS OF DKl'IMiM l)M BTKI
Writer Discusses Injunction Against
Dry Knsrlmril In aneonvrr.
ST. JOHNS. Pr.. Jim. 5. (To the Edi
tor.) The St Johns War College has
had an eye on The Oreanninn columns
for some comment on tho action of
Judge Cushman on the local option
question In Vancouver. As there has
been nothing doing along tnrse nnrs.
it occurred to us we might start some
thing. We are convinced tiwti me wnoie
state, voting for the prohibition law,
plainly made the provisions of that
bill onerative In 1916. one year henre.
but fail to see how this bill, not being
operative until 191B. has. or could
be construed to have, any hearing
on tho will of the people of Van
couver in tne regulation 01 totir
ntcrnal uffalrs. including tne ques
tion of wet or dry, which. In this case.
appears to have been dry by a decided
majority, In their vote on a iocbi op
tion measure, which wua a measure,
entirely within Itself and by Itself.
As tho prohibition forces have takrn
no action to dissolve the injunction of
Judge Cushman, one might be led to
believe that the loss of license money
o.t the nosslhllitv of Vancouver going
into bankruptcy thereby had dispelled
some of their visions or tne eviis 01
th Honor business. Several towns In
Oregon have voted local option meas
ures and have been guided by results.
rj. A. MAUUUil,
. Ontlook for Exercise.
Washington. D. C, fitar.
Sometimes." said Mr. Growcher. "I
wish I were a boy again." "You wish
to share in the Innocent pastimes of
youth?" "Not exactly. I d like to D
able to go out and handle some of
them youngsters who throw snowball,
without looking so undignified."
Best News of All News
It is an interesting fact thst
while the news of the European
war occupies a commanding position
In most dally newspapera. Interest
In advertising has not decreaaed in
any community.
The advertising column of a
newspaper reflect the need and
want of the people of every sec.
tlon; and one turn almost as read
ily to the advertising column of
the paper a to it new columns.
Advertising Information I aen
tlally new, and a It I new of
what Intimately concern our dally
lives it la necessarily exceedingly
Important and Interesting.
Verify this for yourself if your
mind I ever doubtful.
If you have never studied or re
ceptively read advertising you have
something Intensely Interesting In
store.
1