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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 29, 1914)
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1914. IS MAP SHOWING HOW FRENCH INVADERS HAVE REGAINED LOST GROUND. BILLS MAY SLIP IF TO GREAT BRITAIN V 7VGVJT, The love of music. Nature's priceless gift to mankind, finds most triumphant expression in treatment of Commerce of United States Meets With Disfavor. Administration Leaders in Congress Fear Few Will Be in Seats at Gavel. ANQ 2.- WARNING GIVEN - I-if QUORUM IS LACKING The ELUS BRITISH POLICY ATTACKED Diplomatic Note Issued to Great Britain Demands Early Improve-" I ment of Situation Which Has ' "Demoralized Trade on Sea. (Continued Fnwi Pint Ptt) serts, with no improvement ' in the situation... In the meantime, American shippers have availed themselves of various sug gestions from the British government, such as shipping cargoes to definitely named consignees in neutral countries, and the taking out of certificates from consuls in this country, which followed promises of the British foreign office that the allied fleets consequently would cease detentions of these cargoes. The situation,- however, is described as having hardly improved after these concessions. Reference is made In the note to the high principles of equity which have actuated Great Britain in her cham pionship in the past of the freedom of the seas to neutral commerce, and the hope is expressed that even though a belligerent herself, she will realize the seriousness to the neutral of continued Interference. Absolute Contraband Denned. Reserving until some other date the discussion of those articles which Qreat Britain has taken from the generally accepted lists of non-contraband, and placed on the lists of absolute and con ditional contraband, the American Gov ernment declares that the British fleets have been regarding absolute and con ditional contraband as In the same class, whereas international law defines absolute contraband as consisting of those articles intended directly for the use of an army or navy, and conditional contraband, those products susceptible of use by armed forces but whose des tination must be the determining factor Id detentions. The American note, mentioning that foodstuffs are conditional contraband since they may be destined for the use of a civil population as well as an army, says the United States is In en tire agreement with the doctrine ex pressed by Lord Salisbury, British For eign Secretary, in his correspondence with the Washington Government con cerning the shipment of foodstuffs to the Transvaal during the Boer war in South Africa. Lord Salisbury wrote then: "Foodstuffs with a hostile destina tion can be considered contraband of war only if they are supplies for the enemy's forces. It is not sufficient that they are capaole of being so used; it must be shown that this was, in fact, their destination at the time of seizure," Broad Is Statement Made. This is perhaps the broadest decla ration of the American note. If Jt were accepted by Great Britain, American trade with Germany and Austria, vir tually at a standstill now, would be resumed,- including wheat, flour, live stock and other foodstuffs. Taking up the subject of American ships at sea, the Washington Govern ment states that it cannot tolerate un due delays in examining them or the convoying of such ships to British ports for detailed examination. It ar gues that proof of hostile destination of the cargo must be evidence at the time of search at sea. The belligerent right of search, the note adds, Is fully recognised, but it cannot b extended to the point of diverting American ships into belligerent ports merely on suspicion. The United States asserts that It views with growing concern the de tention of scores of American cargoes consigned from this country to neutral ports, contending that it should be the duty of the belligerent to protect neu. tral commerce and prevent innocent merchants from suffering. American. Copper Cited. One of the complaints cited In the note is against the treatment by Great Britain of American cargoes of copper. It la charged that Great Britain is not according the same treatment to Amer ican trad in copper with the Scandi navian countries as to commerce in this product between the United States and Italy under the same conditions of shipment. Even though the Italian government has proclaimed an embargo on the exportation of copper from Italy to belligerent countries, similar to the embargo in force in Norway, Denmark and Sweden, the consignments of cop per to Italy from the United States are said to be held up, while those to the Scandinavian countries are not mo lested. The American Government further records its position on consignments snipped to order' or no specific con eigne, stating that this circumstance alone i not sufficient to hold American cargoes and Is of itself not suspicious. This view has been expressed by the Supreme Court of the United States, but Great Britain announced recently that cargoes shipped "to order" would be considered "suspect." Today's note points out that to hold consignments marked "to order" proof must be presented at the time when the detention or seizure is made, showing tna; a nostne aestmation is intended, or else a sufficient number of other faots must be advanced to Justify lurther examination of the cargo. Burden of Proof Fixed. It is in this connection that the United States remarks that commerce between neutral nations constitutes the normal relations of peace and not war. and that the presumption of guilt can not rest on neutral shippers, but the - burden of proof must be imposed on the belligerent who Interferes. Although the sending of the note was not known to members of the diplomatic corps tonight, and it is qn likely that the Washington Govern ment, with the exception of the British Ambassador, will communicate it te them unless they request it, high offi ciuls thought it not unlikely that the path marked by the United state would b followed by other neutral governments. South American governments espe daily have been keeping in close touch with the attitude of the United States on subjects of neutrality, and in wont cases have adhered to the American position. As the note In volves commerce mostly with Euro pean neutrals, it is believed that diplo matic representatives of the latter will seek to laarn the American viewpoint xor transmission to their governments. The position of the United States as expressed n today's note is a conse queues of several steps by Great Brit aln. France and Germany on the sub jeet of contraband. Although the dec laration of London, drafted in 190 embodying the previous understand ings or international law and new rules for the conduct of maritime war. fare with respect to neutral commerce had not been ratified when the present WrfJn .5 BC5AN90N Mrti, Shown Near Top of Map,' and SInclhauen, Near Bottom, Are Towns Vhlcn French Forres Are rioK. Honker, Both Are Strongly Fortified. Heavy Black and Parallel Lines Show French Advances. war broke out. it was thought for a time all countries would adhere to it. Great Britain by an order in council on August 20 declared the declaration of London effective with certain modi fications. Germany announced to all neutrals her willingness to adhere to the whole declaration if the other bel ligerents would. The United States took the position that it could not accept piecemeal adoption by the allies of the declara tion of London with their own amend ments, and declared that it would be guided by the general practices of in ternational law, irrespective of the declaration of London. The German government In a formal note to the United States and other neutrals then voiced its objections to the British modifications, which simi larly the United States opposed. Todays note follows in many im portant points the argument then ad vanced by Germany that British prac tice with respect to neutral commerce was a distinct departure from many previously aocepted principles of Inter national law. TWO STATES SEXD PROTESTS Georgia and Florida Say Great Brit ain's Act Hnrts Industry. SAVANNAH. Ga.. Dec. 28. Governors Slaton, of Georgia, and Trammell, of Florida, telegraphea protests toaay to the State Department aeainst Great Britain's action in placing resinous products on the absolute contraband list. The Governors asserted that Great Britain's step threatened serious injury to the naval stores industry. The Tampa. Fla.. Board of Trade has requested Southern commercial bodies to unite In protesting against Great Britain's action. MUTINY AMID GERMANS TRAVELER IlEPORTS SOLDIERS RE FUSE TO GO TO FRONT. 300 Manacled Men Seen on Train. Western Forces Stronger Kaiser and 58,000 Head for Calais. THE IIAOUK, Holland, Dee. 28. (Special.) According to a traveler In Belgium who has Just returned to Hol land, the Germans In the west have received heavy reinforcements. He says that he saw about ss.ooo men pass through Cologne for the front in Belgium. Emperor William also had arrived there. Other German troops, according to Belgian reports, refuse to go to the front. At Stroobrugge a transport train of 300 . manacled soldiers who had refused to fight is said to have been seen. They were reported to be on their way to Aix la Chapelle to be courtmartialed. A Belgian from Bruges says he crossed the Dutch border through the kindness of an old soldier, who said he did not wish to enforce the order keeping "all Belgians in that hell." The Belgian was overcome with horror on seeing two trains filled with dead soldiers, bound four and five to gether and literally stacked in the cars. The trains were directed through to Germany, where the bodies were to ba burned. The German soldiers said they were determined to present to the father land a valuable holiday present in re turn for the many gifts they have re ceived from home. Their objective was Calais. Along the coast near Heyst the sec ond line of German defense has been strengthened with great trenches hav ing roofs of reinforced concrete. For 1800 metres (one and one-tenth miles) a covered position for men and guns has been constructed. The barbed wire fencing along the Dutch frontier has been so strength ened that it Is impossible to get through except at those places where strong German detachments guard the roads to Holland. As the Germans have discovered that letters under double cover pass to and out by post, all postal communi cation between Holland and Belgium has been stopped. blnce It was learned that people made use of one day passes to carry letters in and out the issue of these passes has been stopped -entirely. ROSS ISLAND HAS MULE Harbormaster Speier Puzzled Over Animal's Presence There. Harbormaster Speier is trying to figure out how a mule got on Ross Island, in the Willamette River. His attention was called to the animal by residents of South Portland, who re ported that the mule had been seen on the igle and that It was starving. Captain Speier found a fine, sleek little mule perhaps its a burro graz ing about enjoying itself. As the mule Is in no danger of starvation, it prob ably will not be molested. But the question is, how did th mule Bet there? Contparison of Previous and Present KiTGHENEFE NQTIRISH Emerald Isle His Birthplace but Parents of Suffolk. QUAINT VILLAGE IS HOME Place Frankly and Prondly "Slow.' Conflict Discussed In ' Far-Off, Detached Way Secretary's Ancestors Are Burled There. LAKENHEATH, Dea. 16. (Corre spondence of the Associated Press.) A visit to Lakenheath, the ancestral home of the Kitcheners, impresses one with the facts that Lord Kitchener is not an Irishman, but a Suffolk man, and that war and rumors of war have little significance or importance in tEe free, hard air of the English country side. One reaches Lakenhearth from Lon don in a couple of hours. The village Is a sleepy old Suffolk town. In the midst of tae fens a city of one street, one church, one inn. one graveyard, but with a profusion of farm land and farm animals, and an almost Dutch abundance of whirring windmills. Nativity Is Accidental. This is Kitchener's countrv. For Kitchener, like the Duke of Welling ton, is called an Irishman merely by tne accident ot birth. He was born in Ireland because his father happened to be stationed there at the time. He is really of old Suffolk yeoman stock, as may be easily proved by pointing to tne ii ivitcnener gravestones in the Lakenheath churchyard. Lakenheath is hardly what one would call an up-to-the-minuta town. It is rranKiy, proudly, "slow." It talks the Suffolk dialect. It shares with thou sands of exactly similar agricultural villages in Britain a leisurely contempt for what goes on In the outside world. In the Inn they discuss the war as they discuss all subjects, but in a far off, detached way. There is no doubt ing their patriotism, firm and solid, un questioning patriotism, and the town has furnished its share of recruits as it has for every war since the begin ning of things. Home Is 200 Years Old. The old Kitchener . house is a half mile or so up the moor road from the Half Moon inn. It is a small, decrepit, old farmhouse, now labeled the "Rook ery." It Is of brlclc and cobble, with the regulation four white windows in front, and a smaller false window frowning down from over the door. Be hind is the farmyard, crowned with geese and chlcKens and a cow and a dog. For more than 200 years that house was the home of Lord Kitch ener's forebears. On his mother's side he is a Chevailier, a family of long standing in Suffolk, despite the French name. in tne cnurcnyara, which has re cently been repaired and restored at Lord Kitchener's expense, the Kitch ener graves occupy a prominent place. There are no elaborate monuments they have plain mossy markers at head and foot, the same as the other village dead. Thomas Kitchener's Grave Oldest. The first Kitchener's inscription Is as follows: "Here lyeth the body of Thomas Kitchener, who came from Binsted in Hampshire in the year 1693 an agent to ye Honble Sir Nicholas Stuart, Bart, and departed this lite April ye 6th, 1731, aged 65 years." He was Lord Kitchener's thrloe-great granaratner. By his side lies John Kitchener, his son, who is honored with a poetic epi taph: "Stay, mortal, -and depart not from my stone, But stand and ponder well where I am gone; Death quickly took my sense and strength away And laid me down in this dark bed of clay; Consider of it and take home this line The grave that is made next may chance be thine." W. A. GRONDAHL IS DEAD Former Ohief Engineer for Southern ' Pacific Is Cancer Victim. W, A. Grondahl, who for 23 years was chief engineer for the Southern Pacific lines in Oregon, died last night at 10:30 o'clock at Emanuel Hospital, from cancer of the brain. He had been ill for more than six weeks. Mr. Grondahl was 56 years old, and had been a resident of Oregon for -years. His home is at Sixty-fifth and Division streets.- He was engaged in private engineering work for 10 years, having ceased his connection with the Southern Pacific in 1904. He leaves a widow and 10 children. SUFFRAGE TO BE HELD UP Action on Proposed Amendment Not Likely Till Iate In January. Test in Immigration Measure to Provoke Bitter Kirfit. WASHINGTON', Dec. 28. While many members of Congress returned to Washington today from the short Christmas holiday prepared for the re sumption of business tomorrow. Ad ministration leaders were fearful that a quorum might not be present in either house on the falling of the gavel to signal the beginning of the last two months of the Sixty-third Congress. In the Senate the Immigration bill will be the order of business. Should a point of no quorum be made an ad journment probably will be forced until Wednesday. In the House the poctoffice appro priation bill was left as unfinished business on the adjournment last Wednesday and no agreement has been reached to proceed in the absence of a quorum. Fiarht on Literacy Test Expected. Opponents of the immigration bill. with its proposed literacy test, .hope to replace further consideration of the measure, temporarily at least, by ap propriation bills. Senator Smith, of South Carolina, chairman of the lmmi gratlon committee, said today, how ever, that the bill had enough friends in the Senate to prevent its belnar re placed on the calendar and bring it to a vote, notwithstanding the fact that tne .f resident has made known his op position to the literacy test. House leaders said that the forth coming light on the resolution to sub mit a constitutional amendment for equal suffrage probably would not be Drought up lor action until all mem bers particularly interested in the issue had returned. As suffrage and anti-suffrage people began to arrive here today to keep in touch with the situation, it may be the middle of Jan uary before the issue is launched for general debate and decision. Creation of Tariff Bonrd Plan. Creation of a tariff board to be composed of one member appointed by the President and four named re spectively by the majority and minority of tha Senate finance and House ways and means committees is proposed in a bill, which will be Introduced tomor row by Representative Mann, the Re publican House leader. The board would be empowered to investigate both in the United States and abroad. To give impetus to the Administra tion movement for early passage of the Government ship purchase bill, the Senate commerce committee, which re ported, the bill favorably before the Christmas recess, will submit within a few days a report on the measure out lining reasons for its enactment- Senator Fleacher, acting chairman of the committee, said today that every effort would be made to bring the subject before the Senate for general discussion within the next few weeks. The bill contemplates the creation of shipping board, through which the United States" would subscribe to the capital stock of a corporation to be created for the operation of ships pur chased or leased for commerce be tween this country and foreign na tions. In the forthcoming report It will be urged that transportation conditions resultant from the war make it neces sary for the United States to engage in ocean transportation lor the benefit of its commerce, and that economies in ocean shipment of American goods could be Instituted which within a comparatively short time would more than pay for the contemplated invest ment. W03EEX . GATIEER AT CAPITAL Suffrage Fight In House May Rival Prohibition Debate In Interest. WASHINGTON. Dec. 28 The fight in behalf of the adoption by Congress of, a constitutional amendment to ex tend suffrage to women took on addi tional interest with tha arrival here today of many prominent woman suf- THE OBEGONIAN ANNUAL IN GREEN WRAPPERS. The Oregonian Annual will be on sale Friday morning, Jan uary 1. Copies desired for mail ing -will be rolled in neat green wrappers, with necessary post age. Supplies of The Annual will be available at various prominent street corners, as well as at The Oregonian office, where addresses may be left. Copies all ready for mailing will be, 6ent anywhere in the United States and its possessions, Can ada and Mexico for 10 cents. The price for single copies un stamped is 5 cents each. Be sure to send copies of The An nual, Oregon's greatest advertis ing medium, to your friends in other states. Look for the green wrappers. fragists. They plan to be on hand dur ing the debate in the House on the pro posed amendment and to attend the an nual meeting of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage January 10. Chairman Henry, of the House rules committee, plans to report a rule to provide for discussion on a resolution for submission of the proposed consti tutional amendment to the State Legis latures within the next few days. Vig orous efforts have been made by suf frage advocates and its opponents to bring about a vote on the rule and resolution. The suffrage fight in the House is expected to rival in interest the contest over the prohibition con stitutional amendment. FRENCH WINESH0WS GAIN Harvest In Territory Held by Ger mans Is Xot Included In Report. PARIS. Dec. 28. (Special.) Journal Official publishes the total of the wine harvests in all of France except that part which is occupied by the Germans. The total amount is 56,00(7,000 hec toliters, as against 41,000,000 in 1913. If the stock en hand is added, the total is nearly 62,000.000 hectoliters, aS compared with 4,000,000 in 1913. J There are less-priced instruments than Angelus Pianos we show good Players at less but no Player Piano at any' price gives the purchaser so much in satisfaction, in musical pleasure, in ease of operation, or is so perfect in its mechanical detail and convenience. f Angelus Pianos alone have the MELLODANT, which separates the melody from the accompaniment; the PHRASING LEVER, the simplest and only perfect control of tempo; the DIAPHRAGM PNEUMATICS. GRAD UATED ACCOMPANIMENT. SELF OPENING AND CLOS ING PEDALS, and many other new, essential and delightful features which beautify and simplify. q Angelus Players are installed in SCHOMACHER. MEHLIN. LUD WIG and ANGELUS Pianos and are low-priced, indeed, when their great superiority is considered. . By all means see and hear them before your decision is made. Convenient payments. YOUR MONEY'S WORTH OR YOUR MONEY BACK Morrison Street at Broadway Other Stores San Francisco, Oakland, Sacramento, Fresno, San Diego and other Coast Cities GALE KILLS BRITONS Ireland Also Suffers; Islands Covered by Snow. RIVER FLOODS SERIOUS Several Disasters at Sea Are Also Reported, Mines Being Blamed, and Communication With Con tinent Is Badly Crippled. IX1NDON, Dec. 29. A -great gale and snow storm swept over the larger part of Great Britain and Ireland last night, resulting In considerable loss of life and much damage. The tele graphlo service on the Continent was disorganized and communication with France was almost severed. One man was killed and several per sons were injured by the collapse of a house wall at Clapson. Elsewhere In London plateglass windows were blown out and property was damaged In other ways. Two feet of snow fell in many parts of the country, caus ing serious flooding of rivers. lublin experienced the heaviest snowfall In many )fiars. Several disasters, tha result Of striking mines in the North Sea, are reported. Among those sunk were the steamer Linaria, whose crew was res cued, and a Glasgow steamer. The Linaria, which was of 1871 tons reg ister, belonged to the Stag line, of North Shields. She was built in 1911. TAX BONUS IS PROPOSED Continued Prom First Fast.) proportion of tax money in the Spring of the year. 6enator Ira S. Smith, of Coos County, outlined a tax bill that he proposes submitting to the Legislature. It con. forms in many particulars with tha recommendations of the Multnomah delegation, but provides, in addition, a revision of the assessment system. He would make the tax year run concur rently with the calendar year and make the first payment fall due in the Fall of the same year in which tha levy is made. There was considerable discussion on Senator Bmtth'a proposal, and many legislators ware of tha opinion that it would lead to considerable confusion. He Insisted, however, that when prop erly understood his bill will be found to be extremely simple. "Simplicity" was ths keynote of the recommendations mad by the group of city, county and stats officials who spoke on this subject. Senator Robert 8. Farrell, of Mult nomah, again presented his proposal to reduce the salaries of all state and Bounty officers 20 per cent, H had It In the form of a resolution this Um, but the resolution was rejected. "You fellows have been making a lot of talk about economy," he said, "and I just wanted to see where you actually stood." Senator Day answered that the reso lution was not explicit- that It pro vided for flat reductions and that it might work a hardship upon some clerks in the employ of the state or county who really are underpaid now. "I don't believe In reducing salaries," said Oscar W, H. Home. Representative-elect. "That's something I have been working for in the building trades for a long time higher sala ries. I couldn't consistently vote for cutting salaries of state employes now." Senator . elect Arthur Langguth called up the Farrell resolution later in the evening and upon his motion a committee consisting of Senator Far rell and Representatives Home and Langguth was appointed by the chair to investigate the salaries of state and Multnomah County officials. They were Instructed to report a bill next week recommending precisely what the re ductions are to be in each particular office. Representative-elect S. B. Huston presented two bills that bad been sub mitted to him one providing a means of allowing women to sit on grand juries and the other making it im- peratlve to have one or more women sit on petit Juries before which women or minors are tried on criminal charges or before which a woman is a plain tiff in a civil suit. He made no recom mendations on the measures. The committee having under con sideration the several amendments to the "blue sky" law proposed by Kalph A Watson, Corporation Commissioner, was not ready to report, but Intimated that it was favorably impressed with the suggestions. A letter from Commissioner Watson was read in which he reported that various state officials have been hold ing a series of meetings In Salem for the express purpose of devising ways and means for eliminating duplications in the state government and for aiding the Legislature in the economy pro gramme. "That's all buncombe." expostulated Senator Day. "Thoso heads of depart ments and commissioners want to magnify the importance of their work. That's one thing I don't believe in magnifying the importance of these different departments." He announced that the committee on consolidating state offices, of which committee he was chairman, is prepar ing a report that will recommend nu merous drastic changes in the state government that will eliminate tho Corporation Commissioner, the In surance Commissioner and many other heads of departments. He reported that a department of finance is to be proposed, the head of which is to be the State Treasurer, and that the corporation work, the insurance work and the banking work all are to be done by clerks in that department. In similar manner, he said, the de partment of labor would handle all the work now done by the Industrial Accident Commission, the Child Wel fare Commission, the Industrial Wel fare Commission and the present Labor Commissioner, Various members reported that a bill providing "one day's rest in seven" is to be Introduced at the com ing session. "There you are again," exclaimed Silver-field's Great Sale Continues With Unabated Interest. Buy Your Furs Now CLOSING OUT The ENTIRE STOCK OF PORTLAND'S GREATEST MANUFACTURING FURRIERS Positively Every Garment on Sale and Must Be Sold. Mail Orders Promptly Filled Send for Free Catalogue Now SILVERFIELD'S 286 Morrison St. Bet. 4th and. 5tb. San Jose, Los Angeles, - Senator Day. "Here's one bunch rep resenting the unemployed they want work for everybody. Now comes along another crowd and they seem to have '.oo much work. Make that bill pro vide six days' rest in seven instead of one day's rest in seven and it will be all right." J. E. Anderson, Representative from Hood River and Wasco counties, spoke upon Invitation and declared that a re apportionment or redistricting bill probably will be sought by the up state members. Under the head of "good of the order" Representative - elect S. B. Huston discussed what he termed the "impossible" methods being pursued to K.iin economy in state govern ment. "I guess you all got a set of resolu tions from the Portland Chamber of Commerce asking for reform in legis lation and economy and all that sort of stuff." he said. "Then when we sought ways of economizing by cutting out tho state Immigration commission here comos this same Chamber of Commerce with a committeo of its officers and tells us we can economize any place else but that we must be sure not to touch this immigration business that they want even more money. "And it's the same way with this social hygiene society. I thought we could get along very nicely without that, but I have been visited recently by some very prominent and well meaning people who really have con vinced me that the social hygiene so ciety is doing some good in the state." Dr. Andrew C. Smith, a Representative-elect,, explained that the State Health Board serves without pay and that its appropriation for protecting the lives of the people of Oregon now is far lower than the appropriation In tended to provtde for the welfare of the swine of the state. Various members of the delegation expressed themselves as somewhat dis couraged over the economy plans In the face of the constant pressure by every department of state government for economy In "the other fellows' de partments, but not In mine." 342 Washington St. Morgan Bldg. in