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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 9, 1914)
6 tite MORyrxo OREGoyrAy, wepxespat, December 9. 1914. UNITED STATES HAS 110 CAUSE FOR FEAR House Military and Navy Com- : mittees Reassured by-Army and Sea Officials. r EUROPEAN LESSONS CITED Xatioiv Should Not Be " Satisfied to Confine Increase to Submarines Says Admiral Badger Xaval r '. i Reserve Is AdvocatetL... WASHINGTON. Dee. 8. Lessons drawn from the European war were - discussed, before the House military and naval committees today by Bntga-dler-General Crozler, chief of ordnance of the Army, and Rear-Admiral Badger, of the Navy's general staff. . General Crozler said the United States never would have use for guns similar to the great howitzers with which the Germans demolished Belgium's , forts, and asserted that the American field guns were as good as any in the world. Admiral Badger told the naval commit tee that "ship for ship the United States My Is equal, to, if not better than that of Germany or any other nation." British Strategy Discussed. Answering questions, the Admiral gave his idea of why the British navy is content to keep the German fleet bottled up" Instead of forcing an en gagement. While these committees ' were at work, the majority members of the rules committee were deciding not to grant the request of Representative uar-dner, or Massachusetts, for a hear ing of Ms resolution to direct a special Inquiry into the preparedness of. the United States for war. Gardner to Keep Tp Fight. Notwithstanding the committee's at titude, Mr. Gardner reiterated tonie-ht his determination to keep up the fight xor a special investigation. In the course or the day Senator Lodge indl cated that he would. call up In the Sen ate later his reoslutlon similar to the one Introduced in the House by Repre Bentatlve Gardner. Ordnance, from automatic pistols to 16-inch howitzers, was discussed by General Crozler in connection with his estimates for the next fiscal year. On mis score tne united States "has no need to feel uncomfortable," He said. "Have you seen models of the new 18- Inch field guns which the Germans are reported to be using in Europe?" Rep resentative ivann asked. Big Howitzers Not Desired. "No," replied General Crozier, "and we do not contemplate experimenting with those big guns. No one knows what they may come to, but we must consider the purpose for which these guns were used In Europe. The French Belgian border was defended by ar mored forts, mounting guns to meet such artillery as ordinarily accompany mobile armies. "The Germans knew these' guns were there and those forts werr, ther r.ri brought up these special guns to de molish them. From what 1 understand it is an engineering feat to move those 16-lnch field guns, and they, can be transported only by rail. Now, we are not going up against anything like that and I'can see no reason why we should need any such guns as that." Discussing field artillery. General Crozier said that the ordnance bureau was at present experimenting with field howitzers of seven and a hsf and nine and a half-inch caliber. Moveable Cannon . Used. These, he said, would be able to move with a mobile army. At present, he said, the field artillery is supplied with three and six-inch guns. Of these, he said, there are now 860 in service or ordered. He expects to increase the number to 912 during the next year, and he estimates 1292 guns as the max imum needed. -r "We think our field guns are as good as any in the world," said the GeneraL In ammunition for field guns General Crozier said the department had 38 per cent of the estimata-l n u.wi ... i . on hand for the number, of guns avail able. This, he said, he hoped to in crease to 60 per cent within a year. The department contemplated a supply of 1800 rounds for each three-inch gun, he said. Ammunition Plants Being Enlarged. - "If you were in a war would that be enough?" asked Representative Avis, of West Virginia. "Well, the ammunition plants are be ing enlarged right along,'' said General Cezler. "They are meeting an increased demand." "Are they selling through Canada?" asked Representative Kahn. "They are selling to soraebbdy." General Crozier eaid that automobile manufacturers In .this country were How turning out armored automobiles, which were being sold to a European Power now at war, through Canada. "What," suggested- Representative Kahn, "we are asked to" pray for peace and yet we furnish armored cars to a belligerent to further war?" - Admiral Badger advised the naval committee that the United States should follow the example of Germany and Great Britain in creating -a naval reserve of officers-and men who served In the Navy. He insisted that the coun try should not- be satisfied to Increase the number of . submarines. British Fleet Avoids Rink. The Admiral was -plied - with ques tions. . Members of the committee were particularly desirous of knowing why the German fleet was permitted to re main bottled up in its own harbor. The Admiral said that as long as the German fleet was bottled up it was performing no useful purpose and that, therefore. It was unnecessary for the enemy to bring about an engagement. He said probably no . Commander-in-Chief of a fleet would subject his ships to the attack of a great fort or to the danger of submarine mines as a pre liminary to fighting with another bat tle fleet, as It would mean running the risk of going into an engagement in a damaged condition. The influence o'f the British fleet, he added, was that without the firing of a gun it had accomplished its purpose of driving German commerce off the seas, of insuring sufficient transportation of the English army to the Continent and of protecting neutral trade with Kn gland. Admiral Badger expressed the' opin ion that it would be a mistake to sta tion submarine craft at any particular ports along the Atlantic or Pacific or Gulf for coast defense, saying, that handling the submarines afc flotillas rather than as separated coast defenses would make for greater efficiency. He added that while opinions differed as to the number of submarines necessary lor protection of the insular posses sions and for coast defense, he re garded 100 submarines altogether as adequate. He wanted these to be t different classes, the seagoing as well as the smaller ones for shore operations,- - PRESIDENT WILSON SAYS AMERICANS FACE NEW , RESPONSIBILITIES BECAUSE OF EUROPEAN WAR 1 " " - 1 1 " " 1 ' " 1 - 1 -- ,.,.r , Nations Formerjy Depending on Present Belligerents for. Supplies Now Look to United states for Supplies and Action in Behalf of;Merchant Marine Is Urged Unlocking of Resources of Public Domain Demanded National Defense Declared Adequate, but Voluntary Military Training Advised. W" ASHINGTON. Dec 8. President Wilson's message, delivered to Congress today, is as follows: Gentlemen of the Congress: The session upon which you are now entering will be the closing session of the 63d Congress, a Congress, 1 venture to say. which will long be remembered for the great bad? of thoughtful and constructive work which 11 has done. In loyal response to the thought and needs of the country, I should like in this address to review the notable record and try to make adequate assessment of it, but no doubt we stand too near the work that has been done and are ourselves too much part of It to play the part of histo rians toward It. Moreover, our thoughts are now more of the future than of the past. While we have worked at our tasks of peace, the circumstances of the whole age have been altered by war. Snr Tasks Are Faced. What we have done for our own land and for our own people we did with the best that was in us. whether of character or of Intelligence, with sober enthusiasm and a confidence In the principles upon which we were acting which sustained us at every step of the difficult undertaking. but It la done. It has passed from our hands. It is now an established part of the legislation of the country. Its useful ness, Its . effects, will disclose themselves in experience. What chiefly strikes us now. as we look about us during these closing days of a year which will be forever memorable In the history of the world. Is that we face new - tasks, have been facing them, these six months, must face them In the months to come follow them without partisan feel ing, like men who have forgotten every thing but a common duty and the fact that we - are representatlvea of a great people. whose thought Is not of us. but of what America owes to herself and to all mankind In such circumstances as these upon which we look amazed and anxious. Europe Will Need Our Help. War has Interrupted the means of trade not only but also the process of produc tion. In Europe It Is destroying men and resources wholesale and upon a scale un precedented and appalling. There is Tea- son to. fear that xhe time la near. If it bo not alreadv at hand. svhn several of the countries of Europe will find It difficult to ao lor tnelr people what they have nitnerf oeen always easily able to do many essential- and fundamental things. . At anv rate, they will need our help and our manifold services as they have never needed them be fore; and we should be ready, more fit and reaay man we nave ever been. It is of equa. consequence that the na tions whom Europe has usually supplied with innumerable articles of manufacture and commerce of which thev . are in con stant need and without, which their economic development halts and stands still can now get only a small part of what they for merly Imported and eagerly look to us to supply their all but empty markets. New Markets Most Be Supplied. This is particularly true of our own neigh bors, the states, great and small, of Cen tral and South America. Their lines of trade have hitherto run chiefly athwart the seas, not to our ports, but to the ports of Great Britain and of the older continent of Europe. I do not atop to inquire why. or to maKe any comment on probable causes. What interests us Just now is not the ex planation, but the fact and our duty and opportunity in the presence of It. Here are markets which we must supply and which we must find the means of action. The United States, this great people for whom we speax anoact, should be ready, as never before, to serve itself and serve mankind: ready with its resources, its energies, its forces of production, and its means of dis tribution. . Ife is a practical matter, a matter of ways and means. We have the resources, but are we fully ready to use them? And if we can make readv what we have, have we tne means at hand to distribute It? We are never fully ready; neither have we the means of distribution. We are willing, but we are not fully able. We have the wish to serve and to serve greatly, generously; but we are not .prepared as we should be. We are not reacrV to mobilize our resources at once. We are not prepared to use them immediately and at their best, without de lay and without waste. Errors Must Be Corrected. To speak plainly, we have grossly erred in the way in which we have etunted and hindered the development of our merchant marine. And now. when we need ships, we have not got them. .We ' have year after year debated, without end or conclusion, the best policy to pursue with regard to the use of the ores .and forests and water nowers of our National domain in the rich states of the West, when we should have acted; and thev are still locked up. The key is still turned upon them, the door shut fast at which thousands of vigorous men. full of initiative, knock clamorously tor ad mittance. Xhe waterpower of our navleable streams outside the National domain also, even in the Eastern states, where we have worked and planned for generations. Is still not used as It might be, because we will and we won't: because the laws we nave made do not Intelligently balance encour agement against restraint. We withhold by regulation. I have come to ask you to remedy and correct these mistakes and omissions, even at this short sessi6n of a Congress which would cerinly seem to have done all the work that could reasonably be expected of It. The time and the circumstances are extraordinary, and so' must our efforts be also. Unlockip-e; of Resources Urged. Fortunatel.y.v:-4'wi. great measures. fineW conceived, ttae-pne to unlock, with proper safeguards, t'h-resources of the National aomain, tne otner to encourage the use of the. navigable, waters outside that domain for ' generation of power, have already passed the Mouse of Representatives and are . readv for immediate consideration and action by the benate. with the deepest earnestness 1 urge their prompt passage. In tnem botn we turn our backs upon hesita tion .and makeshift and formulate a genu ine oolicy of use and conservation, in the best sense of those words. We owe the one measure not only to the people of that great w jini' country tor wnose tree and sys tematic development, -as it seems to me. our legislation has done so' little, but also to tne people ox ine nation as a wnole; and we as clearlv owe the other In fulfillment of our' reoeated promises that the water- power of the country should in fact as well as In- name be ouf at the disposal of great industries which can make economical and profitable use of It. the rights of the public being adeauatelv guarded the while, and monopoly ln the use prevented. lo jave begun such measures and not corat-leted .them would Indeed mar the rec ord of this great -Congress very seriously. X hops' and confidently believe that they will do oompieieu.. ' Philippines Await Independence. And there ls another great piece of leg islation which awaits and should receive the .sanction. of the Senate. I mean the bill which gives a larger measure of self-government to the people of the Philippines. How better, in this time of anxious ques tioning and perplexed policy, could we show our confidence In the principles of liberty. as . the. source as well as the expression of lire; now oetter could we demonstrate our own self-possession -and steadfastness in the courses of justice- and disinterestedness than oy tnus going calmly forward to fulfill our., promises to a dependent people, who will now look more anxiously than ever to see whether we have indeed the liberality. wis uuHuignuHi, iub vuuruge, tne xaltn we have boasted and professed? 1 cannot be lieve that the Senate will let this mit measure of constructive justice await the action" of another Congress. Its passage would nobly crown the record of these two years of memorable labor. But I think that ou will agree with rn. that this does not complete the- toll of our duty. How are we to carry our goods to the empty markets of which I have spoken if we have not the ships? How are we to build up a great trade If we have not ih. certain and constant means of transporta- uud uvun wuiua aw protiiaoie and useful commerce depends? And how are we to get the ships- if we wait for the trade to develop without them? I lax Must Be Restored, to Seas. To correct the many mrslakes bv whioh we have discouraged , and all but destroyed the merchant marine'.of the countrv. tn re trace the steps by which we have, it seems T BiinuBi liciiuci .it-ij , . . iinui a a our flags from the seas, except where, here anH h- a ship of war la bidden carry It or some wandering yacht displays It, would uk. . long time and Involve many detailed Items of legis'atlon, and the trade which we ought Immediately to handle would disappear or find other channels while we debated the items. The case Is not unlike that which n. fronted us when our own continent was to be opened up to settlement and Industry and we needed long lines of railway, ax- ihhkh iuhdb oi transportation prepared beforehand. If development was not to lag intolerably and wait interminably. We lav ishly subsidized the -building of transconti- CHAEACTEEISTIC SENTENCES ' DENT .WILSON. " . - - What chiefly strikes us'now is that . . wo lace new tasks, have been facing them six months, must face them in the months to come follow them without particular feeling, like men who have forgotten everything but a common duty and the fact that we are representatives of a great people whose tlfbught is not of us. but of what America owes to herself and to all mankind in such circum stances as these upon " which we look amazed and anxious. The United States, this great neople for whom we speak and act, should be ready, as never before, to serve itself and serve mankind; ready, with its resources, its-energies. its forces of production and Its means of distribution. . . To speak plainly, we have grossly erred In the way In which we have stunted and hindered the development of our merchant ma rine. - . . - - We have year after year debated, without end or conclusion, the best policy to pursue with regard to the use of the ores and forests and water powers of our National domain in the rich states of the West, when all should have acted; and they are still locked up. How are we to carry our goods to the empty markets of which I have spoken If we have not the ships? . . . How are we to get the ships if we wait for trade to develop without them? ... The Government must open the gates of trade and open them wide; open them before it.is altogether profitable to open them, or altogether reasonable to ask private capital to open them at a venture. We cannot use our great Alaskan domain, ships v will not fly thither, if these coasts and their many hidden dangers are not thor oughly surveyed and charted. Ships and lives have been lost in threading - what were- supposed to be well-known main channels. . . . This Is a matter which ... In reality is very great. Its Importance has only to be looked Into to be appreciated. Economy In Government expenditure? ... is manifest and imperative. . . . The only .thing debatable and upon which we should be careful to make our thought and purpose clear is the kind of economy demanded of us. . . . The people of the United States do not wish to curtail the activities of this Government; they wish rather to enlarge them; and with every enlargement, with the "mere growth, indeed, of the country, there must come, of course, the in- evitable increase in expense. It is not expenditure but extravagance that we should fear being Criticised for. It is said in some quarters that we are not prepared for war. What is meant by not being prepared? . ' . ". And what is it sug gested that we should be prepared - to do? To defend ourselves against attack? We have always found means to do that and shall find .them whenever It is necessary. We are at peace with all the world. No ' one ... can say that there is reason to fear that from any quarter our Independence or the integrity of our territory is threatened. Dread of the power of any other nation we are not capable of. . . . We are the cham pions of peace and concord. It will be right enough . . . to provide a system by which every citizen who will volunteer for the training may be made fa miliar with the use of modern arms, the rudiments of drill and ma neuver and the maintenance and sanitation of camps. . . . It la right that we should provide it not only, but that we shoula make it as attractive as possible, and so induce our youngvmen to undergo it at -such times as they can command a little freedom and can seek the physical development they need, for mere health's sake, if for nothing more. ... More than this carries with it a reversal of the whole history -and character of our polity. A powerful navy we have always regarded as our proper and National defense. . . . But who shall tell us now what sort of navy to build? When will the experts tell us Just what kind we should construct and when will they be right for ten years together. If the relative efficiency of craft of different kinds and uses continues to change as we have seen it change under our very eyes in these last few months? We shall learn and profit by the lesson of every experience and every new circumstance and what is needed will be adequately done. nental railroads. We look back upon that with regret now. because the subsidies led to many scandals of which we are ashlmed, but we know that the railroads had to bs built, and if we had it to do over again we snouiu, oz . course, Dutia tnem, but In an other way. Therefore I propose another way of providing the means of transportation, which, must precede,, not tardily follow, the development of our trade with our neigh bor states of America It may seem a re versal of the natural order of things, but It is true that the routes of trade must be actually opened by many ships and reg ular sailings and moderate charges before streams of. merchandise, wilt, flow freely and profitably through them. Shipping BUI Imperative. Hence, the pending shipping bill, discussed at the last session, but as yet passed by neither House. In my judgment such leg islation is Imperatively needed and cannot wisely be postponed. The Government must open these gates of trade, and open them wide; open them before It Is altogether profitable to -open them, or altogether rea sonable to ask private capital ' to open them as a venture. It Is. not a question of the Government monopolizing -the field. It should take action to make It certain that transportation at reasonable rates will be promptly provided, even where the car riage Is not at first profitable; and then, when the carriage has become sufficiently profitable to attract and engage private cap ital, and engages it In abundance, the Gov ernment ought to withdraw. I earnestly hope that the Congress will be of this opin ion and that botlt Houses will adopt this exceedingly important bilL Rural Credits Deferred. The great subject -of rural credits still re mains to be dealt with, and it Is a matter of deep regret that the difficulties of the sublect have seemed to render it impossible to complete a bill for passage at this session-. But it cannot be perfected yet, and therefore there are no other constructive measurea the necessity for which I will at this time call your attention to; but I would be negligent of a manifest duty were 1 not to call the attention of the Senate to the fact that the proposed convention for safety at sea awaits its confirmation and that the limit fixed in the convention Itself for its acceptance is the last day of the present month. The conference In which this con vention originated was called by the United States; the Representatives of the United States nlaved a very Influential part Indeed In framing the provisions of the proposed convention; and those provisions are In themselves for the most part admirable. It would hardly be consistent with- the part we have played In the whole matter to let It drop and go by the board as if forgotten and neglected. It was ratified In May last by the German government and In August by the Parliament of Great Britain. It marks a most hopeful and decided ad vance in international civilization. we should show 'bur earnest . good faith In a great matter by adding our own acceptance of It. Coasts Should Be Charted. There Is another matter of which I must make special mention, if I am to discharge my conscience, lest It should escape your attention. It may seem a small thing. It affects onlj a single item of appropriation. But many human lives and many great en terprises hane upon -re. ' It is the matter of making adequate provision for the survey and charting of our ' coasts. It Is Immediate and exigent in connection with the Immense coast line of Alaska,, a coast line greater than that of the United States themselves, though it- Is also important in deed with regard to the older coasts of the continent. We cannot use our great Alas kan domain, ships will not ply thither. If those coasts and their many hidden dangers are not thoroughly surveyed and charted. The work Is Incomplete at almost every point. Ships and lives have been lost in threading what were supposed to be well- TOPICS DISCUSSED BY PRESI DENT IX HIS MESSAGES TO CONGRESS. - War European conflict brings new tasks for. Americans. Trade Nations formerly de pendent on Europe now look to United States for supplies. Merchant Marine Inaction- of past must be atoned for. Con s'e r v a tion Resources of public domain should be un locked. Ptfilippines Sill to extend larger measure of independence requires action. Rural credits Difficulties com pel postponement of action until future session. Sea Safety Convention already ratified by Germany and Great Britain should be acted on be fore end of present month. . Coast Survey Charting of coast, especially Alaska, impera tive. Economy Systematic reorgani sation demanded;, not expendi ture, so much as extravagance, to he guarded against. National DefenseStanding army not wanted, hut voluntary training of citizens In use of arms, drills, maneuvers and sani tation; Navy will still be regard ed as National bulwark. -----f - - 1 FROM MESSAGE OF PRESI- known main channels. We have not pro vided adeouate vessels or adequate ma chinery for the survey and charting. We have used old vessels that Wm Tint ( rr enouch or stronK enough and which were mo neany unseawortny that our inspectors would not have allowed private owners to send them to sea. This is a matter which, as I have said, seems small, but Is In reality very great. Its importance has only to be looked Into to. be appreciated. Economy Is Enjoin e-d. Before I close may I say a few words upon two topics, much discussed out of doors, upon which it is highly important that our ludtrments should be clear, definite and steadfast? One of these Is economy in Government expenditures. The duty of economy is not debatable. It is manifest and imperative. In the appropriations we pass we are spend, in; the money of the irreat people whose servants we are not our own. We are trus tees and responsible stewards In the spend ing. The only thing debatable and upon whioh we should be careful to make our thought and purpose clear is the kind of economy demanded of us. I assert with the greates confidence that the people of the United States are not iealous of Uie amount their Government costs if they are sure that they get what they need and desire for the outlay, that the money is being spent for oblects of which they approve, and that it is beinir aoDHed with good business serine and management. Governments grow, piecemeal, both In their tasks and in the means by which those tasks are to be performed, and very lew governments are organized, I venture to say as wise and experienced business men would organize them - If they had a clean sheet of paper to write upon. Certainly the Government of the United States Is ?S .1 thinwk ,haJ 11 im generally agreed that there should be systematic reorganiza tion and reassembling of its parts so as to secure greater efficiency and effect con- i siderable - saving ln expense. But the amount of money saved in that way would I i.co, uiuuia no aouDt considerable In itself running, it may be. into the millions, be relatively small small, I mean. In pro P? ,n to tho totl necessary outlays of the Government. It would be thoroughly worth effecting, as every saving would, great or small. Our duty Is not altered by the scale of the saving. -Necessities Not Curtailed. My point Is that the people of the United States do not wish to curtail the activities of this Government; they wish, rather to enlarge them; and with every enlargement with the mere growth. Indeed, of the coun try itself, there must come, of course,- the inevitable Increase of expense. The sort of economy we ought to practice may be ef fected, and ought to be effected, by a care ful study and assessment of the tasks to be performed; and the money spent ought to be made to yield the best possible re turns in efficiency and achievement. And like good stewards, we should so account for every dollar of our appropriations as to make it perfectly evident what it . was spent for and In what way it was spent. It Is not expenditure, but extravagance that we should fear being criticised for not paying for the legitimate enterprises and undertakings of a great government, whose people command what It should do but adding what will benefit onlv. b rJ or pouring money out for what need not unvo tctsa uuuenanen at an or might have been postponed or better and more econom ically conceived and carried out. The Na tion is not niggardly: it Is very generous It will chide us only if we forget for whom we pay 'money out and .whose money it is we pay. They are large and rrnmra ards, but they are not very difficult of ap- National Defense Discussed. The other topic I shall take n mention goes deeper into the principles of our National life and policy. It is the sub ject of National defense. it cannot be discussed without first an swering some searching Questions i i. said in some quarters that we are not pre- nai w meant Dy being prepared? Is It meant that we are not ready upon brief notice to put a nation in the field, a nation of men trained to armsT Of course, we are not ready to do that; and we shall never be in time of peace o long as we retain our present political principles and Institutions. And what is It that it Is suggested we should be prepared iw ui ueienu ourselves ara nit tack? We tiav, always round means to do ' mat. ana snau rina tnem waenever it Is c.nw,ir w i mum cBi'ing our people away from their necessary tasks to render com pulsory military service In times of peace. Allow me to speak with great plainness and directness, upon this great matter and to avow my convictions with deep ear nestness. I have tried to know what Amer ica Is: what her people think, "what they are. what they most cherish and hold dear I hope that some of their finer passions are In my own heart some of the great conceptions and desires which gave birth to this Government and which have made the voice of this people a voice of peace and hope and liberty among the peoples of the world, and that, speaking my own thoughts 1 shall, at least ln part, speak theirs alsol however faintly and inadequately, upon this vital matter. No Reason for Fear Seen. We are at peace with all the world. " No one who speaks counsel based on fact . or drawn from a Just and candid Interpreta tion of realities can say that there iu.-Vea-soa to fear that from any quarter our Inde pendence or the Integrity of our territory Is threatened. Dread of the power of any other nation we are Incapable of. We are not jealous of rivalry In the fields of com merce or oC anx other-' -peaceful aohleve- ment. I we w! 1 a:e- I' We mean to live our own Hvm ill; but we mean also to 'let Hva We Indeed, a trim frien-rl tn nil -- natinns of the world, because we threaten none, covet the possessions of none, desire the overthrow of none. Our friendship can be accepted and Is accepted without reserva tion, because- it is offered in a spirit and for a purpose which no one need ever ques tion or suspect. Therein lies our greatness. We are the champions of peace ami of con cord. And we should be jealous of this distinction- which we have sought to earn. Just now we should be particularly Jealous of it, because it is our dearest present hope that this character and reputation - may presently. In God's providence, bring us an opportunity such as has seldom been vouch safed any nation, the opportunity to counsel and obtain peace-In the world and recon ciliation and a healing settlement of many a matter that has cooled and Interrupted the friendship of nations. This Is the time, above all others, when we should wish and resolve to keep our strength by self-possession,- our Influence by preserving our an- "vui miucipies OE action. Isu-ge Standing Amy Not Wanted. From the first we have had a clear and settled policy with regard to military estab lishments. We never have had. and while we retain .our present principles and Ideals we never shall' have, a large standing army. If asked, are you ready to defend your selves? We reply, most assuredly, to the utmost: and yet we shall not turn America into a military camp. We will not ask our ycrting men to spend the best years of their lives making soldiers of themselves. There Is another sort of energy In us. It wllL know how to declare iUelf and make it self effective should occasion arise. And especially when half of the world is on fire we shall be careful to make our moral in surance against the spread of the confla gration very definite and certain and ade quate Indeed. Let us remind ourselves, therefore, of the onlyvthlng we can do or will do. We must depend ln every time of National peril, in the future as ln the past, not upon a stand ing army, nor yet uoon a reserve army, but upon a citizenry trained and accustomed to arms. It will be right enough, right American policy, based upon our accustomed principles and practices, to provide a sys tem by which every citizen who will vol unteer for the training may be made fa miliar with -the us of modern arms, the rudiments of drill and maneuver, and the maintenance and sanitation of camps. We should encourage such training and make it a means of discipline which our young men will learn to value. IHsclpUne Should Be Attractive. ' ' It Is right that we should not only pro vide it, but that we should make It as at tractive as possible, and so induce our young men to undergo it at such times as they can command a little freedom and can seek the physical development they" need, for mere health's sake, "if for nothlnsr more. Every means by which such things can be stimulated is legitimate, and such a method smacks of true American ideas. It is right, too, that the National Guard of the State should be developed and strengthened by every means which is not Inconsistent with our obligations to our own people or with tne established policy of our Government. And this also, not because the time or occa sion specially calls for such measures, but berause It should be our constant policy to make these provisions for our National peace and. safety. More than, this carrles-wlth it a reversal of the whole history and character of our polity. More than this, proposed at this time, permit tne to say. would mean merely that we have lo3t our self-possession, that we had been thrown off our balance by a war wun wnicn we nave nothing to do, whose causes cannot touch us, whose very existence affords us opportunities of friend ship and disinterested service which should make us ashamed of-any thought of hos tility or fearful preparation for trouble. This Is assuredly the opportunity for which a people and a government like ours was raised up, the opportunity not only to speak, but actually to embody and exemplify the counsels of peace and amity and the last ing concord which Is based on Justice and fair and generous dealing. Navy Presents Problem. A powerful navy we have always regarded as our proper and natural means of de fense; and It ' has always been of defense that we have- thought, never of asrjrreaaion or of conquest. But who shall tell us now what sort of navy to build? We shall take leave to be strong upon . the seas, in the future as In the past; and there will be no thought of offense or of provocation ln that. Our ships are our natural bulwarks. When will the experts tell us just what kind we should construct and when will they be right for 10 years together if the relative efficiency of craft of different kinds and uses - continues to change as we have seen It change under our very eyes ln these last few months? But I turn away from the subject. It Is not new. There is no new need to dlscues It. We shall not alter our attitude toward It because some amongst us are nervous and excited. We shall easily and sensibly agree upon a policy of defense. The ques tion has not changed Its aspects because the times are not normal. Our policy will not be for an occasion. It will be con ceived as a permanent and settled thing, which we will pursue at all seasons, with out haste and after a fashion perfectly consistent with the peace of the world, the abiding friendship of states and the unham pered freedom of all with whom we deal. Let there be no misconception. The coun try has been misinformed. We have not been negligent of National defense. We are not unmindful of the great responsibility resting upon us. We shall learn and profit by the lesson of every experience and every new circumstance1; and what is needed will be adequately done. Peace Offers Great Tasks. I close, as I began, by reminding you of the great tasks and duties of peace which challenge our best powers .and invite us to build what will last, the tasks to which we can address ourselves now and at all times with free-hearted sest and with all the finest gifts of constructive wisdom we pos sess. To develop our life and our resources; to supply our own people, and the people of the world as their need arises, from the abundant plenty of our fields and our marts of trade; to enrich the com merce of our states and of the world with the products of our mines, our farms and our factories, with the creations of our thought and the fruits of our char acter this Is what will hold our attention and our enthusiasm steadily, now and ln the years to come, as we strive to show ln our life as a Nation what liberty and the Inspirations of an emancipated spirit may do for men and for societies, for Individ uals, for states and for mankind. LEVY MAY RAISE $8,213,267 Washington Likely to Collect Mucli During Next Two Years. OLTMPIA, Wash., Dec. 8. (Special.) If the state general fund levy la continued as at present, at 7.45 mill, a total of (8.313,267 will be collected during the next two years, says a re port of the State -Bureau of Inspection, Just Issued. State department estimates, support ed by the general fund, call for total appropriations of $7,421,861, apparent ly leaving a safe margin of about $800, 000, either for additional appropria tions or for a reduction of the state tax levy, next year. These estimates do not Include an additional $300,000 which the University of Washington will request from the fund for new buildings, while Bellingham normal also will ask. about $170,000 for new buildings. Of the total amount to be collected during the next biennlum for the gen eral fund, $5,256,617. it Is estimated, will be raised by direct taxation, while the remanider, nearly $300,000, will come in the form of the indirect reve nues. Florence Poultry Awards Made. FLORENCE, Or., Dec. 8. (Special.) At the second annual Poultry Show held by the Sluslaw Poultry Associa tfbn ln Florence Friday and Saturday, the silver cup for the best Leghorns was awarded to a pen of White Leg horns shown by I. B. Cushman, of Acme. Lewis Land Sale January S. CENTRA LI A, Wash.. Dec 8. (Spe cial.) The next sale of state lands in Lewis County will be held on January 5, at which time six tracts, four of 40 acres each, one of 65 acres and one of 92 acres, will be sold at auction by the County. Auditor, . ..-- Not a Removal Sale! Not a Bankrupt Sale! Not a Slaughter Sale! With Apologies to the Stockyards Men s Suits Overcoats Ramcoats Mackinaws at prices below those of the BBBBBBBBBSBBBBBBBSBBHBBIS.S.S.M.-Bs-.M.StVH.-H-.-i-.K-T: . 1 I SAVJti YOU THE LANDLORD'S $5.00. I escape the high rent you save the landlord's profit. MEN'S SUITS, OVERCOATS, marked fljl l v-7 r s r 'it 2.oo -Lsa. Ip JL -rm 4 53 MEN'S SUITS, OVERCOATS, marked Cfi 1 O "TrJ Pay Me S2.00 Lrsa. X C5 3 $15.00 MACKINAWS AT $7.50 JIMMY DUNN 315-16-17 Oregonian BuUding. Elevator to Third Tloor. PLEA STIRS Necessity of Co-operation Is Brought Home by Plight. ASSOCIATION STOCK TAKEN Yamhill Growers See Keed of One Organization to Control and Mar ket Product Bankers Lend Indorsement to Scheme. irMTNNVILLE, Or Dec 8. (Spe cial.) At a meeting of hopgrowers and business men of McMinnvllle and vi cinity this afternoon tn the Commercial Club assembly hall, the Oregon Hop growers' Association's representatives thoroughly aroused the interest of Tarn hill hopgrowers in the co-operative fea tures of this organization. About 100 hopgrowers and business men attended. W. T. Vinton, State Sen ator, presided, and Walter KLlrkwood as sisted. After a morning session at which the purposes of the association were stated briefly, the afternoon session was given over primarily to H. L. Mahan, tem porary president, who spoke from a business standpoint on the necessity of co-operation. Mr. Idahan opened his address by saying that the present plight of hopgrowers was the excuse for this organization. Then, step by step, he clearly laid before his hearers the necessity for a farmers' association that would take care- of and control 70 per cent of the hops of this state, to act in conjunction with like organizations in California and Washington. A number of hop growers interrogated the speaker, and all of the advantages of the associa tion were brought out. Local business men and bankers Indorsed the move ment, including W. C. Hagerty. W. B. Smith, D. M. Kayberger and Ralph Wortman. Many subscriptions were obtained for stock ln the organization, which will be Incorporated as soon as the required amount is taken. "The meeting here was enthusiastic and encouraging." said E. V. D. Paul, of Polk County, who has been assisting the committee in Its work of enlisting Che moral as well as nnancial support of hopgrowers throughout the valley. CLUB TO HEAR STRIKERS Centralis Commercial Body May Not . Give Own Views, However. CENTRALIA, Wash.. Dec. 8. (Spe cial.) At the regular monthly meeting of the Commercial Club. Thursday night, a committee ol three from the strikers of the Eastern Railway & Lum ber company will lay their side of the controversy before the club, having re ceived permission from the club di rectors. The strikers recently invited H. M. Robinson, secretary of the club, to ad dress them ln their own hall, but Mr. Robinson declined. The directors have not promised, however, to enter into the controversy in any way other than to hear what the men have to say. Charles W. Dorr, Seattle, Dead. SEATTLE, Wash, Dec 8. Charles W. Dorr, an attorney, who had been a member of the State Senate and who for years had been regarded as the principal legal authority on Pacific Coast salmon flBhlng, died here today, aged bo years. ie came to Bellingham from Des Moines, la., more than 25 3C HOPiIN THAR ain't but two perfect comforts that I knows of a good wife an' good tobacco. An' even the best wives git a little .tryin at times. VELVET, the Smoothest Smoking; Tobacco, is good tobacco (Kentucky Barley da Luxe) plus an aged-in-the-wood smooth ness. 10c tins and 5c metal-lined bags. Coupons of Value with VELVET. 1Z 3C IE high-rent, ground-floor stores. years ago. From 1901 to 1908 he was a resident of San Francisco, as secre tary vice-president and manager of the Alaska Packers' Association. Mrs. S. Shockey, Pendleton, Dead. PENDLETON. Or, Dec. 8. (Special.) Mrs. Sarah Shockey. one of the old eet and best-known pioneer residents of Pendleton, died at the home of her son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. William G. Bogert. yesterday. She was the widow of a prominent pioneer and hero of the Civil War, who died here several years ago. One of her sons is a well-known official of the Southern Pacific in California. Cold and Snow Close Sparta School. BAKER, Or., Dec. 8. (Special.) Cold weather has caused the school board at Sparta to decide to close the school for three months. Heavy snows have made it virtually impossible for the children in the little country dis trict to get to school. A term of three months will be held ln tho Spring. Pendleton to Give Belgians Flour. PENDLETON, Or.. Dec. 8. (Special.) Pendleton is raising 150 sacks of flour for the Belgian sufferers. The response Is liberal, although the city Is taxed heavily with the problem of caring for local and transient poor who nei food anrl shelter. BRONCHIAL COUGHS When the bronchial tubes are af fected with that weakening, tickling cough, they need immediate and sen sible treatment. The breath seems shorter because of mucous obstruc tions; usually fever is present and your head jars with every cough. Your chest aches and the inflamma tion often spreads to the lungs. The food-tonic that has proven its worth for forty years is Scott's Emul sion. It drives out the cold, which is the root of the trouble, and checks the cough by aiding the healing process of the enfeebled membranes. If you are troubled with bronchitis or know an afflicted friend, always re member that Scott's Emulsion buHda strength, while relieving; the trouble. 14-61 Bcott ABownc, BloomntUi, N. I. Dr. PAUL C. YATES KlXtt IKAKs Ur HU.XKM DKBm TISTHk LN POJU.TLAND. We Have Cut Prices We will save you bu cents on every dollar on the best dental work made by human hands and without pain. Our offer Is for you to go to any dental office and get prices, then come to us and we will show you how yon save a dollar and we make a dollar on your dental work. Gold Cwia 8 4,00 tKJtr.:::::::::::::::::::! All Work Guaranteed IS Years. Paul C. Yates EiffiS" fifth aad Morrison, Opposite Post office. 2L 3cn 3 3C