c THE MORNING OREGOXTAN, FRIDAY, NOVE3n5ER 20, 1914. jVILLA IS JOINED BY S GARRANZA TROOPS Army Marching on Mexico City Gathers Strength and Is Moving Scientifically. ABLE DEFENSE IS IN DOUBT Zapata Threatens Capital From Side 5 to South First Chief Gives Oat Statement of Terms Under j , "Which He Offered to Quit. i the workers were able to own their own farms. Mr. Lind pleaded for kindly feelings toward Mexico, asserting: that Mexican distrust of the United States was van ishing and that hereafter the Mexican would be our steadfast friend forever. ""I felt while in Mexico, and I feel now," said Mr. Llnd, "that permanent peace in Mexico on the basis of the social and economic conditions which have evisted in the past is an Impos sibility." Mr. Lind sketched the taking: of the land from Its original possessors by the Spanish conquerors. "As a whole, the nation was made homeless," he saia, "and hat so con tinued to this day. This is and will be the cause of revolutions in Mexico until the question is settled. The State of Morelos, for example. Is owned by 27 men." VERA CRUZ IS APPREHENSIVE Refugees Telegraph Wilson for Aid In Leaving- City. VERA CRUZ, Nov. 19. Apprehension among a large party of the1 residents of Vera Cruz, both permanent and tem- WASHINGTON. No?; 19. General Villa's marcn on Mexico City continues Unobstructed, according to official tel egrams today from American consular agents accompanying him. Two thous and Carranza troops changed their alle piance to Villa at Leon, the dispatches said, and garrisons all along the line are incorporating themselves In the yilla columns. LThat Villa will reach Mexico City Without difficulty is the opinion of the American agents, who say his army is well equipped and moving with scien tific precision. From Carranza sources however, it is reported that Villa will have to clash in a few days with the troops of Generals Obregon and Gon kales south of Irapuato and near Quere la ro. - -' From Mexico City the American gov ernment has received advices of the general uncertainty with which the sit uation is beclouded. It was not known 4here whether General Obregon would be able to hold the city against the attacks of Zapata on the south and Villa forces on the north. CmraBH Glvea Ilia Side. Rafael Zubaran Capmany, Washing ton representative of General Carranza, gave out the following telegram to night received from Carranza, dated Cordoba, yesterday and reviewing Car ranza's side of the controversy: "The conditions on which I was will ing to resign I expressed in a message to General Gonzales on the 15th. "These points were: I will surrender the power in my hands to any person whom I deem trustworthy, as for ex ample. General Pablo Gonzalez. Gen eral Villa shall deliver the actual com mand of his forces to the administra tion in the territory controlled by Gen eral Eulailo Gutierrez. Villa and my self shall both leave the country and meet in Havana on November 25. The convention of Generals shall convene in Mexico City to select a President for the entire pre-constitu tionai period. Generals Gutierrez and Gonzalez shall deliver the command of the troops under them to the newly-selected Presi dent. If on November 30 the conditions have not been complied with Carranza stiall resume his character as first chief of the constitutionalist army. Two Generals Accept. "To these propositions contained in this statement Generals Gonzalez and Obregon answered that they had been accepted in full at Aguas Calientes. "Accordingly it is false, as the press of the United States reports, that I had been . given 24 hours within which to surrender my office. "The main object of my trip to the south of Mexico has been to visit the neighboring states of the capital and to obtain personally the state of public opinion, which I have found satisfac tory. Also 1 wished to arrange in a dignified manner the evacuation of Vera Cruz by the American troops, which evacuation I hope to see effected, as the Washington Government has prom ised to carry it into effect on Novem ber 23. "My desire is to avoid the responsi bility of future bloodshed. My desire is to make every possible concession compatible with my duty as a citizen, as representative of the revolution and as first chief in charge of the execu tive power of the nation. Majority of Generals Loyal. The majority of the chiefs remained loyal and continued to remain firm And ready to sustain the conditions to which 1 made reference. For this rea son it is false that they have aban doned their first attitude and now do- plre that I leave the country. This latter is only considered by them in case the last conditions that I have named are fully complied with. "In regard to the protest that the tVillistas have ntade in regard to early evacuation of Vera Cruz, I am not in a position to know anything about it. fcuch a protest would only show a lack of honor and patriotism on their part and my feelings lead meV reject the Idea that any Mexican citizen would harbor such an intention. The essen t4 point is the evacuation of foreign troops from a part of our territory without consideration of internal par tisanship, as these are matters that rest entirely in our own hands for set tlement. full of Tamplc Scooted. "It is false that Villista troops are .bout to take the port of Tampico be cause it is first necessary for them to defeat the constitutionalist troops in the states or coahulla, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas. "Generals Obregon.. - Gonzales and tAguilar firmly demand that the condi tions stipulated by me shall be ful- Xllled. "Up to the present time I have not received any word that Villa had in formed the Aguas Calientes convention that he will retire from the command of the division of the North and agree to expatriate himself. As I have al ready mentioned, the convention is the only party which has informed me that it has accepted in full the last condi Hons that I suggested. BISHOPS EXPRESS SYMPATHY Cardinal Gibbons Sends Note to Mex ican Hierarchy. BALTIMORE, Nov. 19. Cardinal Gib oons, at the request of the archbishops ot the united btates, Has written a let ter of sympathy to the Mexican hier archy, in which he says that "the de plorable conditions which for some time have prevailed in Mexico, and whicn apparently become more intolerable with each attempt to remedy them, are the source of the deepest concern to .the bishops of the UrJted States. "The American people," the cardinal . continued, "will not, I am sure, deliber ately assent to the establishment on their borders of a system of misrule based on the worst of tyrannies the tyranny of the state over the soul and the conscience." T i- ler .v 'JL 7 t It - v. - t J i Vesicas. ' : porary becomes more marked as the ate for the evacuation of the city and its occupation by the constitutionalists draws near. Two hundred refugees today tele graphed President Wilson appealing or aid to leave Vera Cruz. Like many others of the refugees, the signers of the telegram are actually too poor to pay for their steamer passage, although some of them would be wealthy if their vested interests could be realized upon. The Spanish Consul reports that 11 textile mills valued at 65,000,000 pesos have been . looted and burned near Puebla. RADE PROBLEM VEXES UNITED STATES STILL DEPENDENT ON FOREIGN SHIPS. Manufacturer Says 2000 Vessels Are Needed and Mere SO Added to Registry "Will Const Little. IIXT BLAMES LAX3 RULE "President's Envoy to Mexico Sees War Care in Farm Change. CHICAGO, Nov. 18. John Lind. per. onal representative of President Wil on in Mexico during the Huorta ad ministration, declared tonight in an address here before the Industrial Clu that the land question was the cause of the revolutions in Mexico and that fighting there would never cease until Dr. Robert J. Bardette, Humorist, Author and Lecturer,' Wlione MlKMlon In Life XVna to Kind Fun In Everything, and Who Died Yesterday. NEW ORLEANS. Nov. 19. The prob lem of carrying United States com merce in ships of United States regis try, solution of which was attempted as result of European war conditions. as hardly been touched, it was said here today In an address to the Na tional Coffee Roasters' Association by Edward N. Hurley, vice-president of the Illinois Manufacturers' Association. Mr. Hurley blamed the navigation laws for this condition, saying that they made it from 25 to 30 per cent more expensive to operate a vessel un der an American than under a foreign nag. Mr. Hurley warned his hearers that the addition of 80 ships to Ameri- an registry and the opening of a few branch banks in South America by no means solved our commercial problems. Two thousand ships, averaging from 2000 to 4000 tons each, would be re quired for all our export and import trade," he said. 'If the German navy should gain control of tha, seas, our commerce would be dislocated until we could be. gin to ship ouiffooda under the Ger man nag. .This is a humiliating posi tion for a great commercial Nation. Any commercial house presenting the spectacle of rushing about from one libery stable to another to obtain de livery of its goods would soon wake up to the necessity of having its own wagons." RAILROAD ESCAPES SALE FORECLOSURE OF ROCK ISLAND IS REVERSED ON APPEAL, Minority Bondholders Win Protest Against Offering Securities In Block, Without Upset Price. NEW YORK. Nov. 19. The Chicago, Koclt Island & Pacific Railway will no be sold at public auction on November 24, as ordered by the Federal District Court. The Circuit Court of Appeals reversed today the lower court s order by a decision handed down in the litl gation, looking to a foreclosure sale, in the suit brought by the Central Trust Company as trustee. The foreclosure decree signed by Judge Mayer on October 10 last set forth that the principal and in terest due on tbe outstanding per cent gold bonds of the railroad amounted to $74,098,192, and because of default In the payment of interest due May 1, in accordance with the terms of the trust agreement, 'under the courts order the Central Trust Company, as a trustee, could sell the collateral, consisting of the railroad entire stock issue amounting to $71, 353.000. The appeal decided today was taken from Judgt Mayer's foreclosure decree by minority bondholders, who protest ed against the sale of the collateral in a block and against the decree failure to set an upset price. TWO BROKERS SURRENDER Associate of J. C. Wilson Is Re. leased Under Bond. SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. A 9. B. A. Wilbrandt, member of the brokerage firm of J. C. Wilson & Co., which failed some time ago, surrendered him self to the police here tonight, and. on furnishing satisfactory bonds, wa allowed his freedom. . Warrants charging embezzlement aggregating 940,800 were issued yes. terday for Wilson and Wilbrandt- Wil son ' surrendered to - the police - last niht. Aius humorist AND AUTHOR DEAO . J. Burdette, Sayer of Pleas ant Things, Succumbs After Long Illness. NVALID HIS INSPIRATION Lecture That Brought National Kep- nation Written at Bedside of Wife, and Even Keokuk, Sat ing Burlington, Approved. PASADENA, Cal., Nov. 19. Dr. Rob. ert J. Burdette, the noted preacher, author and humorist, died at his. home' ere today. He had been ill for the greater part of two years, and for a week had remained In a state of coma. Robert J. Burdette began cultivating good humor obscurely in Peoria, 111., 0 years ago when he spent part of his days at a desk on the Peoria Transcript "trying to think," as he imself once related, "of pleasant things to tell tne folks when I went home at night." His audience of folks" then was Carrie Garrett, the Peoria girl he had married a short time before, while she lay supposedly on her death bea, but who lived, and. though an invalid for life, became im mortalized by her husband as "Her Little Serene Happiness. Humor Written at Bedside. It was she who encouraged him to sow his humor in wider fields. At her bedside Burdette became prolific with fun-making contributions to the Bur lington (la.) Hawkeye, and through these he became famous the country over as "the Burlington Hawkeye man." The little invalid wife encouraged him, too, to try the lecture field. She kept me at it," said Burdette. and in due time we had a lecture on ur hands 'The Rise and Fall of the Moustache.' " Burdette ins Kited on trying the lecture first in Keokuk for Keokuk hated Burlington" and If he succeeded there he would know that it was good. Even Keokuk applauded. The whole United States later did the same. He became a sort of intinerant preacher. . At 60. ten years ago. Mr. Burdette was called to the permanent pastorate of the Temple Baptist Church, of Los Angeles. Later Days Spent In West. Although Burdette's original home was in Greensboro, Pa., where he was born In 1844, the later part of his life was spent In California. At Clifton- on-the-Sea and at Pasadena he had houses with broad verandas. His first wife had died after 16 years of en couragement to him, during which she had - traveled all over the country with him. In 1899 he married Mrs. Clara B. Baker, of Pasadena. A fugitive instance of Burdette's rollicking humor was a letter home to his flock in Los Angeles on his first trip to Europe. He dated the letter from "some distance out in the damp," and said, in part: The scenery along this route, al though somewhat monotonous. Is plendidiy irrigated. But it seems too arly for the growing crops. Nothing has come up yet. except on shipboard. and .. that has gone overboard. The route is not nearly so populous as the Sante Fe trail over the desert. We have Just two kinds of days the days we see a ship and the days we don't. Fun Found In Everything. The veteran humorist found fun in everything. While he was forced to abandon it in the pulpit largely be cause of the reputation he had made for fun-making, he agreed with Henry Ward Beecher that a Joke in the pulpit was not at all out of place. It was. as Beecher said, "When you are fight ing the devil, shoot him with any thing." Burdette died with the conviction that there was not only Just as much fun in the world today as ever, but a great deal more because, as he said, there are more people in It, and people are the funniest things on this side of the grave. DR. BURDETTE KNOWN HERE Dr. W. B. Hinson Present at Ordi nation as Minister. Dr. W. B. Hinson, pastor of the White Temple, knew Dr. Burdette 10 or 12 years, and was present at his ordination as a minister in Los An geles. His outstanding characteristic was sympathy," said Dr. Hinson last night. "It was hard to get him to criticise anybody. He always looked for the good side of .his acquaintances. 'I was present at his ordination in Los Angeles. In fact, I delivered th charge to the new ministers that day. I was only slightly acquainted with his family, although I have known him for 10 or 12 years. For many years Dr. Burdette was a lecturer at the Willamette Valley Chautauqua Association. He was well known to many Portland residents. H0LSTEINSC0ST $21,325 Seventy-Eight Head Bring Good Price at North Yakima. NORTH YAKIMA, Wash., Nov. 19. (Special.) Seventy-eight head of reg. istered Holsteins sold for a total of 121.325 at the second annual consign ment sale of the Yakima Breeders' As sociation. at the State Fairgrounds to day an average of 1273.78. The animals were consigned by E. B, Marks. W. Todd & Sons and H. C. Davis. H. S. Royce, of Tacoma, was the heaviest buyer, taking eight head at 12800. David Monroe, of Spokane, bought seven head for $2620. The highest price for a single animal. $575 was paid by Dr. E. E. Heg, of Seattle. The lowest for a single animal was $125. for a four-months' heifer. Eighty-one animals were sold in last year's sale for an average of J460 per head. i Shot Kills Man Cleaning Gun. MEDFORD, Or., Nov. 19. (Special) W. C. Long, 24 years old, an employe of the . California-Oregon Power Com pany at Raygold. was shot accidentally and killed Wednesday when a gun he was cleaning was discharged. No on was present at the time of the cci dent. Mrs. Long found the body when she returned to her home in the after noon. Coroner A. E. Kellogg, after a preliminary Investigation, declared an Inquest unnecessary. The deceased leaves a wife and one child, a daughter, For pain in the back, lumbago, kid ney and bladder troubles, take that new discovery, Bukola Tablets. A trial will convince vou. Zbc a pox. All drug stores. Adv. J eimin ale Wears Jits Close Today and Saturday only remain before we open our new home for good furniture; let them be the days in which you'll profit to the utmost! Come and select from" our magnificent stock at Removal Sale priceslowest of the year. Remember, but two days remain! Removal Prices on Acceptabl Gifts ,Xo. 171 $12.00 Lady's Desk, golden oak f$ 45.95 No. 1134 $14 Mahogany Lady's Desk...w .VU No. 1134 $19 Birdseve .Made Lady's Desk...S S.50 No. 1165 $16 Mahogany Lady's Desk $.9.75 No. 173 $15 Birdseve Maple Lady's Desk...S5 9.75 No. 1165 $16 Birdseye Maple Lady's Desk. ..$10.25 Xo.lT)32 $22.50 Quartered Oak Lady's Desk in mission style. . .$12.75 No. 4404 $27.50 Golden Oak Lady's Desk, Co- " lonial style $15.25 No. 525 $65 Quartered Oak Library Desk.. $32.50 No. 715 $65 Quartered Oak Lady's Desk, in mission style, extra large $33.25 Removal of Fine Chiffoniers No. 83 $27 Mahogany Chiffonier, full swell front, 16x20 French plate mirror $13.85 No. 80 $25 Mahogany Chiffonier, serpentine front, without mirror $14.10 No. 81 $25 Quartered Oak Chiffonier, ser pentine front, 16x20 French plate mirror. . $14.30 No. 344 $30 Quartered Oak Chiffonier, gold en wax finish, 18x22, French plate mirror. .$16.45 No. 176 $55 Tuna Mahogany Chiffonier, ser pentine front, 18x21 French plate mirror. .$2S.90 No. 49 $60 Circassian Walnut Chiffonier, 18x24 French plate mirror... .$30.00 No. 49 $55 Birdseye Maple Chiffonier, Co lonial pattern, 18x24 French plate mirror. .$32.90 No. 105 -$120 Tuna Mahogany Chiffonier, massive Colonial pattern, 22x26 French plate mirror $60.00 No. 405 $150 Circassian Walnut Chiffonier, Colonial pattern, base 24x40, with . 20x30 mirror $60.00 A Good Christmas Gift No'.B37 $10.50 Tennessee Red Cedar Chest. . .$6.75 No. 37 $13.00 Tennessee Red Cedar Chest. . .$S.25 No. 38 $15.00 Tennessee Red Cedar Chest. . .$9.25 No. 290 $16.00 Tennessee Red Cedar Chest. . .$9.40 fli Terms to Suit Customer Rockers Rapidly Removing at Astoundingly Low Prices No. 964 $11 quart'd Oak Rocker, saddle seat $ 5.25 No. 944E $15 Oak Rocker, leather seat $ 7.S5 No. 1830 $16 quartered Oak Rocker, leather upholstered seat and back $ S.95 No. 1836 $18 Oak Rocker, leather spring seat $10.25 No. 1 $18 Mahogany Rocker, auto spring seat $11.45 No. 2572 $20 quartered Oak Reception Chair, . genuine Morocco leather back. . . .$11.90 No. 2614 $20.00 Mahogany Rocker, Morocco leather upholstered $12.00 No. 81 . $21.50 Mahogany Rocker, high back auto seat $12. S5 Our Gift Section and the entire store, as well, con tain hundreds of articles of beauty and of utility, suitable for Christmas gifts. Do your shopping early right now, before this sale ends! We will save you money fin every purchase, for every article is reduced in price in many cases one-half and more. We are determined to move as little as pos sible to our new store. Come today and Satur day and do your Christmas buying! Friday Only! Full - aize All-Steel Sanitary Couches; two rows of supports; can be reduced to one-halt size during the daytime. yf fa f f rtHff.n..n.i.y..........$2.69 H enry Jeraiing & Sons Corner Second and Morrison Streets l PLANS ARE MADE TO FINANCE HOP CROP Separate Organizations in Three Coast States Fa vored by Growers. SMALLER AREA PROPOSED Oregon, Washington and California Bodies to Advance Money to Ob viate Contracting of Yields. Surplus Is Feared. SALEM, Or.. Nov. 19. (Special.) De cision to organize separate corporations in each of the states to promote the industry, and to advance money to growers needing? It to obviate con tracting their product, was reached to day at the meeting; here of committees representing; hopgrowing- associations of Oregon, Washington and California. It also virtually was decided to make plans ' for a reduction of acreage de voted to hops in view of the probability of the European war causing a sur plus of hops in this country. Announcement was made tnac a rep resentative of the associations of the three states had been dispatched to New Orleans to attend the meeting of the American Brewers' Association with Instructions to urge the brewers to discontinue as far as possible the use of foreign hops. He also will ask them to discontinue advertising that they use foreign hops, which has been of disadvantage to the growers of this country. Smaller Area Proposed. The delegates say that the market should not be in its present condition and would not be if the brewing inter ests did not favor the foreign product. George Hewlett, vice-president of the Mendocino County Hopgrowers' Asso ciation of California, said there was a strong sentiment among growers of the Pacific Coast for a reduction of the acreage devoted to hops. He said that in the face of the curtailment of the consumption of beer, with prices In many cases below the cost of produc tion, failure of brewers to favor the American product and difficulty In obtaining labor. It has been urged that at least 20 per cent of the 1915 crop not be picked. "Brewers have been favoring for eign hops," he continued, "and It is our Intention to try to get them to change their attitude. We have aided in the fights against beer and we think the brewers should at least re ciprocate when It comes to laying in their supplies. Growers Complaint Upheld. "With very little of the Belgian crop picked and none available for export with the French crop virtually de stroyed; with the German crop ab sorbed in that country and with other consuming but not producing coun tries, such as Canada, Japan and Aus tralia, requiring at least 50,000 bales, and considering the large exports of contracted hops sent to England, the growers have good reason to complain about the prevailing low price." Salem bankers and bankers of other hopgrowing sections will meet with the delegates tomorrow to aiscuss pro posed financial phases of the corpora tion plan. Tne growers are connueiu that the banks will co-operate with them in advancing money for the pro tection of the growers that have here tofore sold on contract because of lack of money to grow and harvest their crops. Separate Associations Favored. With the contract system eliminated, it is Dointed out. all growers will re ceive virtually the same prices for their product, and the tendency will De for stable prices and leas speculation. George Kerr, of North raKima, presi dent of the Washington Hopgrowers' Association, and Richard Strobach, of North Yakima, secretary of the associa tion, attended the meeting today, mak ing the delegations from the three states complete. La. H. McMahan. of Salem, who Is presiding, said the meeting probably will not end before Friday or Saturday. He said sentiment in favor of the or ganization of an association to be known as the Pacific Hopgrowers' Association was not so strong as It had been, and it was possible the delegates would be satif led with the plan to have only state organizations and the nnanc Ing corporations. ROW WITH WEST IS DUE Governor and Sir. Kay Iiifcely to Argue Heatedly Before Board. SALEM, Or, Nov. 20. (Special) A controversy between Governor West and State Treasurer Kay as to whether a report of the litigation to take tne school land notes from the State Treas urer and place them In the custody of the clerk of tne state lana ooara shall be incorporated in the annual report of the board will reach, its cli mnxVt the next meeting. The Governor, who inaugurated the olan to give the custody of the notes, which are for more than $6,000,000, in sisted that a record of the litigation be made 'a part of the report. Mr. Kay objected because the case has not been adjudicated. The State Treasurer has had the cus tody of the notes for about 40 years. Suit was instituted to compel the State Treasurer to turn them over to the clerk of .the board. Circuit Judge Kelly decided In favor of the plaintiffs and the case Is now before the Supreme Court. - SNOHOMISH BRIDE IS WON Roy Weston, of j Vancouver, and Hazel Espes Are Married. VANCOUVER. Wash.. Nov. 19. (Spe clal.) Roy Weston, son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Weston, of this city, and Hazel Espes, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Espes, ' of Snohomish, Wash., were married here today at the home of the bridegroom's parents. Rev. H. S. Templeton. of the First Presby terian Church, officiated. The young couple will remain in Van couver until after Thanksgiving, when they will go to California for a short trip, returning to Vancouver to make their home. ing a small basket. - He thought the man was taking a dog to his room. Ha looked at the register and observed t.iat the man was hX. Alburn, of Minora, N. J. "I live on a small farm outside Mil- ford," said Mr. Alburn, smiling, "and, unfortunately, I have no telephone. The telegraph station is closed on Sunday. I have just been married and have been called to this city on important busi ness. It was Impossible to bring Mrs. Alburn to this city with me and she was anxious to receive word when I arrived here, so I brought a couple of carrier pigeons." Soon afterward . Mr. Alburn went to the roof and sent off word of his ar rival in New York City. Centralla-Aberdeen Trains Fewer. CENTRALIA. Wash.. Nov. 19. (Spe cial.) The O.-W. R. & N. has taken off its two day passenger trains on the Grays Harbor branch between Cea- tralla and Aberdeen, the new schedule going into effect today. A mixed freight and passenger service has been substituted. Arizona Legislature Democratic. 1 PHOENIX. Ariz.. Nov. 19. Fifty three Democrats and one Republican will compose the second Arizona state Legislature, which wilrconvene January 11. The only Republican elected was Senator Crabb, of Navajo County. The last Legislature had 46 Democrats and eight Republicans. Parent-Teacher Social Toniglit. The Parent-Teacher Circle of Wood lawn School will give a social tonipht in the school. Mrs. Thaxter Reed, chair man of the social committee, has ar ranged an Interesting programme. Miss Alice Joyce will speak of ber trip abroad and the AVaconda Campflre Girls will Bing. PIGEONS' ASSURE WIFE Newlywed Announces Safe Arrival In New York Dy Carrier Message. NEW YORK, Nov. 10. At the Prince George Hotel A. N. Outterson, the as sistant manager, rbserved a man carry- 0 There's No So- 1 Called "Sale" Here I DO NOT MARK THE PRICE OF MY GOODS UP HIGH AND THEN STRIKE OFF A LITTLE IN ORDER TO FOOL YOU THE T- 7? IV. Suite AND o J sell at $14.75 and $13.75 are made by reputable makers of READY-FOR-WEAR MEN'S CLOTHES They fit well, keep their shape, and are the great est lines of merchandise at the prices in the country SO WHY A "SALE" when they are really BET TER VALUES than any "Sale" values? Ask yourself this does the landlord reduce the rent during a "Sale"! JIMMY DUNN The Clothier 315-16-17 Oregonian Bldg. Elevator to Third Floor. OPEN SATURDAY UNTIL 10 P. M.