TTTP! TTOT?XTva OT? "POO XT AN, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 3. 1914.
3
SIEGE OF ANTWERP
AFFAIR OF SYSTEM
City Is Damaged in Spots, to
Prove Vulnerability With .
Minimum Loss.
MARINES FIGURE LARGELY
Erfec't or Great Guns, as Seen
Fortifications, Even More Strik
ing That at Liege Fall
Sooner Than Expected.
at
Us
HEADQUARTERS GERMAN MA
TUNE DIVISION. Antwerp. Oct. 12.
(Correspondence of the Associated
Press.) Roads to the south of Antwerp
by which the correspondent of the As
sociated Press came into Antwerp to
day are jammed with unbroken col
umns of siege artillery, mortar batter
ies and baggage trains trekking away
from the just captured fortress. The
infantry and field artillery of General
von Beseler's besieging army are well
ob their way south to turn the scale,
if possible, like Nogi's army at Mukden,
in the great battle of the Aisne.
The bluejackets and marine infantry
from Kiel. Cuxhaven and Wilhelmsha-
ven, smelling salt water again after a
campaign of more than a month
through Belgium, remain at Antwerp
for further disposition, but whether to
engage in a naval campaign from their
new base or merely to garrison this
quarter of Belgium the cable will have
told before this letter reaches America.
It may bo significant that detachments
of sailors recruited from the German
mercantile marine and armed only with
cutlas and revolver have lain for sev
eral weeks behind the army, taking no
part In the fighting, and evidently des
tlned for sea duty after the capture of
the port.
Marines Figure In Siege.
The story qf the siege of Antwerp,
from the German side, as related to the
correspondent of the Associated Press
by an officer attached to the staff Is,
argely the story of the marine dl
vision, of the pioneers and of the art 11
lery, which formed the backbone of the
heterogenous arrajk of landwehr, land
sturm and reserve formation intrusted
to General von Beseler to attack one
of the strongest fortresses in Europe.
It is a story of easy victory where
hard fighting was expected and of des
perate resistance In a formidable post
tion where little trouble was looked
for; of volunteers in life preservers
crossing moats and rivers with hand
grenades to attack the Intrenched Bel
gians; of assaults twice abandoned in
the face of infantry fire; of pioneers
swimming flooded rivers by night to
lay bridges for the storming infantry
and always a story of the irresistible
effect of the German heavy artillery.
Siege Unexpectedly Brief.
Antwerp fell, it is learned, eight days
earlier than General von Besseler had
' expected it would. This unexpectedly
quick termination to the siege was due
in part to the discouragement of the
Belgian forces, disheartened by nine
weeks of defeat and with little hope of
. prolonging the resistance until relief
could arrive and partly to the fact,
discovered by the Germans when they
took possession of the city, that the
fortress lines bad been practically pen
etrated when the fortified positions be
hind the Nethe River were carried Octo
ber 6 and 7. The Belgian engineers.
apparently realizing that the inner
girdle of forts was too close to th
city, set up a second line of defens.
behind the flood barrier of the Nethe.
dammed up to inundate a belt of land
a quarter of a mile wide and had
robbed khe inner forts of their heavy
guns to arm this improvised but ex
ceedingly strong position.
Since this line was carried the inner
forts could offer comparatively little
resistance and the city itself lay open
to bombardment.
Destruction Systematically Scattered.
Antwerp itself, as seen in a drive
through miles of city streets, suffered
less from the bombardment than might
have been expected. Signs of the Ger
man shells are observed in all quarters
of the city, but the destruction - is
usually confined to individual houses or
groups of houses at widely scattered
- intervals, the great mass of interven
ing building's being untouched.
At German headquarters it was said
that this was due to a definite plan of
bombardment designed to convince
Antwerp, with a minimum damage, that
all parts of the city were at the mercy
of the German guns and that further
resistance was useless. The heavy
12 and 16 -inch guns were not used
against', the city,, but, shells from the
smaller mortars were "dropped into sec
tion "after section of the town, one or
two shells to each section, until every
quarter had been systematically visited.
The artillerymen, working with maps
of the city, were instructed to pay par
ticular attention to the vicinity of the
harbor works and of the monumental
public buildings, such as the palace,
the City Hall and the Church of Our
Lady, placing their shells as close as
possible to the buildings without actual
ly hitting them. ,
Flan Accurately Carried Oat. j
How accurately this was done in the
case of the City Hall is shown by a
shell hole in the pavement at the side
entrance to the building and In a de
molished house across the street. Some
miscalculation was evidently made with
the Church of Our Lady, which has a
- shell hole eight or ten feet in diameter
in one of the transept windows and the
Adjoining wall about 30 feet above the
floor. Otherwise this church, the pride
of Antwerp, is undamaged.
The artillery park with whlchv the
fortress was reduced was far stronger
than was publicly known, containing
in addition to the widely heralded 1S
inch mortars a large number of 12-inch
Krupp siege guns, the existence of
which had hitherto not been men
tioned, and which were in efficiency
only slightly inferior to their larger
sisters. The Austrian automobile bat
teries of 12-inch guns also were at
tached to General von Beseler's army,
making the victory in a way an Austro
German one.
The effect of these great guns, seen
in the forts of Waelhem, Wavre, St.
Catherine and the so-called railroad re
doubt, protecting the line of the rail
road from Brussels to Antwerp, is even
more striking than on the forts at
Liege and south of Verdun. Two of the
big armored turrets at St. Catherine
were struck fairly and put out of ac
tion with single shots. In one the
heavy steel beds for the guns are
broken in two and the heavy masses of
metal hurled bodily five or six yards
from their original positions. In an
other the concrete embankment
thought capable of resisting any shell
is pierced like cheese and the steel tur
ret uprooted.
- Turret Completely Upended.
A turret of the railroad redoubt
is upended completely and now lies
" with its base pointing skyward and the
gun buried below. Behind the em
bankment of Fort Wheelhem. where i
12-inch shell penetrated the magazine,
a heavy engine, for the electric light
plant, was blown 20 yards from lis
base. The whole top of the fort here
is blown oft. Sixty men of the gar
rison are said to be buried beneath the
ruins. Other turrets were put out of
action by shells striking the concrete
embankment of the earth in front of
them and cracking or displacing the
cement walls so that the turrets could
no longer be turned.
The line of attack against the fort
ress, as already described in" headquar
ters bulletins, was directed against the
southeast section of the fort girdles,
between Malines and Lierre. .
The marine division under Admiral
Schroeder conducted the attack against
the middle of this line, the land troops
being placed on either flank of the
sailors and marines. Behind them lay
the heavy artillery so far back as to
be out of reach of shells from the forts.
Fire was opened on September 28,
nd by nightfall of September 30 Fort
Waelhem was considered ripe for
torming. A. night attack was ordered.
Volunteers were called for. Pioneers,
marines and sailors competed for the
dangerous honor. A forlorn hope
torming party was selected for the
advance, given life preservers and
hand grenades and - sent forward to
ross the moat, cut. the wire entangle
ments and cover the advance oi tne
main storming column. When within
150 yards of the fort, however, . the
Germans were received . with such a
murderous fire, particularly from Bel
gian cannisters. . that further advance
was impossible.
'I never dug myself in so quick in
my life," Interjected at this point a
Lieutenant of pioneers, who had been
stening to the staff officers' descnp-
FOE LEARNS FRENCH
fiVES BY WIRELESS
German Station Secreted in
Enemy's Lines Shows Thor
oughness of Plans.
LATE ATTACK PARIS TOPIC
Power of Offensive Against Allies
Is Admitted and Remarkable
Soldiery of Teutons In Close
Fighting Is Appreciated.
Embassy yesterday. The presumption
of officials was that the American Am
bassador had filed a similar message
to the department, which had been de
layed in transit, as has been the case
with many messages from Constantinople.
It was taken for granted by officials
generally, however, that even though
no declarations of war have been made,
a state of war between Turkey and
the powers of the triple entente short
ly will be recognized to exist.
Servia s request to the American
Government to look after her interests
In Turkey was regarded as particu
larly significant, -forecasting the in
tention of the Balkan monarchy to
throw her forces Into the field against
the Ottoman empire once more.
The decision of the port to detain
all Russian consuls in Turkey was
viewed as a consequence of the arrest
of Turkish consuls in Russia when the
raid of the porte on the' Black Sea
was made by the Turkish navy. Their
release and safe conduct undoubtedly
will be one of the first problems -with
which the Italian government will be
confronted as the guardian of Russian
interests in Turkey.
Cable dispatches from the American
Embassy at Rome confirmed the re
ports that the Italian cabinet had re
signed, but gave no intimation of
what course the government would
follow toward recent developments in
tho Levant. '
PARIS. Nov. 1. A wireless station.
the situation of which has not been
discovered, is being used by the Ger
mans to report all movements of, the
French troops, according to statements
made to General Pierre Cherfils by
RUSSIA
DEMES
INITIATIVE
Report Fleet Opened
Called "Common Invention."
Hostilities
.
WHERE ALLIES AND GERMANS ARE FIGHTING FIERCEST.
sdsU .
PETROGRAD, Nov. 1. The following
official statement was given out here
tonight:
"The communications from Berlin and
Vienna agencies saying that the Rus-
Isian fleet opened hostilities against the
Turkish squadron-are. common inven
tions. They are trying manifestly to
lead into error public opinion in Con
stantinople, which is purposely being
kept in ignorance concerning the per
fidious attack .on our coast by Turkish
warships under the command of Ger
man officers.
"The same proceedings were em
ployed when Germany declared war on
us. it being said that Russian soldiers
invaded German territory, while- as a
I matter of fact, not a single Russian sol
dier crossed the frontier before, war
was declared.
"Previous to the Turkish hostilities
our fleet undertook no action. It is
evident that if the initiative had been
taken by the Russian fleet the bom
barding of the ports and the sudden at
tack of the Turkish fleet could not have
taken place."
MAP SHOWING BELGIAN COAST DISTRICT A5fD .POSITIONS OF. CONTEND.
ING ARMIES.
tion, and supplying him with occasional
dates and other details. "We grubbed
out holes' with hands, feet, bayonets
working together anything to get
shelter from that fire. Finally we got
orders to fall back and abandon the
storm. Luckily for us the attack was
made at. night, otherwise the Belgians
would have got every one of us."
Rrmnant of Garrison Honored.
The German lines fell back 500 yards
to give the artillery a free field, and
at daybreak, the bombardment was re
sumed. At 3:30 P. M. the white flag
appeared on the fort. The commander.
Major Witte, said that his guns were
all out of action and that he could no
longer hold his men to their work. They
had even followed the retired Germans
beyond the fort in a counter attack
after the unsuccessful attempt to
storm, but after seeing their comrades
torn to pieces by the exploding shells,
or buried under the uptorn walls, re
fused to man the works longer, even
though, cs was said, the commander
had shot 20 of them. The remnant of
the garrison, about 230 men. were al
lowed In consideration of their brave
defense, to march out with the honors
of war. A German guard formed up
and presented arms to the little Belgian
garrison defiling by to stack arms out
side the forts. The officers were al
lowed to retain their swords.
Fort Wavre St. Catherine was also a
difficult nut for the German forces to
crack, a moat about 50 yards wide and
elaborate wire entanglements (charged
with high tension electricity, accord
ing to German account) making the
fort apparently almost impregnable to
direct attack. Nevertheless, volunteers
In plenty were found for the task. The
capture of this fort and of the railroad
redoubt brought the attackers to the
second line of defense, the Nethe.
Working like beavers since the out-.
break of the war, the Belgians had con
verted this natural obstacle into a ver
itable fortress. Successive lines of
trenches, shelter pits and bomb-proofs
had been built for the infantry; posi
tions for the field guns were scattered
everywhere; wire entanglements had
been laid even in the flooded portions
of the river valley, the water also hid
ing deep trenches, dug at irregular in
tervals in all directions; and every
where before the lines were, due "wolf
holes," deep conical pits, filled to the
brim with mud which hid sharp steel
spikes to impail anyone stepping into
them.
Fifty-four heavy guns from the forts
were brought to this line and mounted
behind earthworks.
The Germans gradually fought their
way to this line, and then entrenched, 1
the hostile trenches being separated
by the width of the flooded valley. So
vigorous was the fire that a head
would scarcely be shown above the
trench without drawing a " fusillade.
and the German and Belgian riflemen
resorted to the timeworn expedient of
holding up their caps to draw the en
emy's fire and give themselves a
chance to get in an aimed shot.
" Dead All Shot In Head.
The Belgian machine guns, with steel
shields pierced only with narrow slits
for aiming, gave particular trouble.
the Belgians spraying the rims of the
German trenches with these to keep
down the infantry fire. The dead In
these trenches were all, according to
the - German officers, killed by head
shots.
The position was found to be so for
midable that the German lines were re
tired from the river bank, and the Ger-
an artillery took up the task of re
ducing the Belgian lines sufficiently
to permit the infantry to resume the
attack with some hope of success. The
infantry fire was finally beaten down
and a crossing was forced near' the
town of Lierre. which lay in the middle
of the flood district, German pioneers
swimming across under cover of dark
ness and laying bridges over which
the infantry and field artillery dashed
unders heavy artillery fire. This suc
cess turned the flank of the Belgian
position, the passages were forced at
various points, and by October 7 the
German troops were everywhere across
the Nethe.
With this success the Belgian defense
practically collapsed. The Belgian
troops fell back rapidly from their
river lines, abandoning their heavy ar
tillery and a number of machine guns,
and the Germans, who had hastily in
trenched themselves to repulse the ex
pected counter attack, were able to
bring forward their heavy artillery at
once for the attack on the Inner line
of 'forts and the bombardment of the
city.
wounded soldiers who had been brought
back from the front. Every effort has
been made to find the mysterious sta
tion, but without result-
General Cherflels mentions this in il
lustrating the thoroughness of the
German system of making war. Their
absolute knowledge of all parts of the
country has permitted them to make
advance arrangements which are serv
ing them welL At Lassigny a mush
room pasture was found to have been
converted into an ammunition depot.
while a spot near Dixmude had been
prepared for some time before to re
ceive the German wounded.
' Precision Aids Resistance.
"It, is this scientific precision and
perfect method." says Cherflels, '-'which
has permitted the Germans to choose so
well the line from the Aisne and in
front of Rhelms, there to fasten a suf
ficiently easy resistance, which still
lasts." ,
The latest attempt at an offensive
movement on the part of the Germans
and the probable result is the particu
lar topic of the war news discussion.
It is admitted that, the German army
in the north is showing remarkable
solidarity in hand-to-hand contests. It
is not denied that they are offering a
powerful offensive, but the French are
of the opinion that it will be unsuc
cessful. The fact that they have at
tempted other offensive movements
similar to the most recent ones, which
have been without result, was one rea
son for this belief.
Foe's Equilibrium Not Upset.
It was also declared that the violent
attacks at many places simultaneously
indicated a lack of a general plan and
explained the alternate advances and
withdrawals referred to in the official
communications.
Definite results, ltls argued, can be
obtained only by the general breaking
of the equilibrium, to accomplish which
a different strategy would be required.
The fate of the German forces which
succeeded in recrosslng the Yser is a
mater of speculation. Their ability to
get out of this difficulty, though prob
ably with great losses. Is admitted.
MOVE EXPECTED BY RUSSIA
Ambassador Says Special Army Is
Ready to Meet Turks.
ROME, Oct. 81. M. Krupenski, the
I Russian Ambassador to Italy, after re
ceiving a long communication from his
own government appeared optimistic
today regarding what he called "Turk
ish brigandage.
The Ambassador said:
"The Turks will get what they de
serve, as Russia is quite prepared, hav.
ing known for a long time of the Ger
man machinations at Constantinople
and also that Turkey was only waiting
to strengthen her position and to re
ceive definite instructions from Berlin
to enter this war. .
For this reason a special Russian
army was kept at Bessarabia, K.ner-
sen, the Crimea and Caucasia, to face
the Turk without removing a . single
soldier or a single gun from the A us
tro-German frontier.
"I cannot say what the attitude of
the Balkans will be," he Ambassador
said, "but everybody knows the senti
ments of Greece toward Turkey and
the sentiments of Roumania toward
Russia."
n
CTT4T
11
In
Old
Turn
Halle
Fourth
and
Yamhill,
at
7:30 P. M.
The gifted and
entertaining
Lyceum and
Chautauquan
lecturer,
- . - 7s
v. - -
EDWARD ADAMS
Will Deliver His Masterful Address, ?
"SOME OF THE FALLACIES OF
PROHIBITION"
Admission Free Seats for All Ladies Especially Invited - r
A BOOK FREE Every lady in the audience will be presented with a
booklet written by Mr. Cantrell, showing the attitude of the Scriptures
toward prohibition. This treatise is one of the most logical expositions
of Fraudulent Prohibition. -
This Will Prove a Treat for Thinkers
(I'ald Advertisement' Taxpayers' and Wine-Kamrrs' Lninir.)
MOHAMJIEDAXS FAVOR ALLIES
Mosques Prayerfully Urge Turkey to
Change Position.
SIMLA. British India (via London),
Nov. 1. The announcement of the un
friendly attitude of Turkey toward the
allies was made throughout India to
day in an official communication.
wherein the Viceroy of India deplored
the endeavor of a Chauvinistic ele
ment to drive Turkey into a war with
Great Britain for the benefit of Ger
many and Austria.
The reception of the announcement
in outlying districts will not be known
for some days, but responsible leaders
of the Mohammedan community already
are holding meetings in support of
Great Britain, while the mosques are
organizing prayers for the success of
COPPER IN PRIZE COURT
KROOXLASD IS DISCHARGING HER
CONTRABAND CARGO.
TURKS IGNORE ULTIMATUM
(Continued From First Page.)
mine layer Prut, which was carrying
several hundred mines, and the torpedo
destroyer Kubanets captured a collier
and severely damaged a coast defense
ship."
The Official Bureau tonight gave out
the following on the Turkish situation:
"Russia, by threats, is now attempt
ing to incite Bulgaria to make war on
Turkey. Bulgaria is firmly resisting
this coercion. ,
''The Glornale d I tali a. of Rome, points
out that Turkey, by inciting the Mus
sulmans, could deal heavy blows to Rus
sia in Armenia and Caucasus, to Great
Britain in Egypt and India, and to
France in North Africa.'
Unloading May Mean British Pnrcfcase.
Teutons Aboard May Be Held
as Prisoners of Wr.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 1. Acting Sec
retary Lansing announced today the
receipt of a message from American
Consul Sprague at Gibraltar, saying
that prixe court proceedings had begun
in the case of the American steamship
Kroonland. detained by British author
ities.
No reply had as yet been received
from London to the formal protest
made through Ambassador Page and
the British arms. The mullahs are tho request for the release of the ves
preaching homilies urging Turkey
either to maintain neutrality or side
with the allies.
TTJTCKS HOLD RUSSIAN' OOXSTJIS
Assurances of Safe Conduct or Otto
man Agents Demanded of Czar.
WASHINGTON. Nov. 1. Turkey has
announced that Russian Consuls in the
Ottoman Empire will not be permitted
to leave until assurances of safe con
duct are given Turkish Consuls in Rus
sia, according to a cablegram from Am
bassador Morganthau to the United
States Government, received today.
The Turkish Minister informed Mr.
Morgenthau that Turkish warships
within the last three days -Had bom
barded SebastopoL
Great Britain and France have placed
their interests In Turkey In the hands
of the American Embassy, and the
Turkish Consul at Havre has turned
over his consulate to the United
States and is preparing, along with
other Turkish Consuls, to . leave
France.
No mention was made in Mr. Mor
genthau's dispatches of any declara
tions of war. Communication with
Constantinople was interrupted last
night and the last message, which was
dated at 11 P. M. October 31, referred
only t fiscal matters of the embassy,
mentioning incidentally that conditions
in the capital were quiet.
The only positive statement that war
had been officially declared between
Russia and Turkey caj.-.e in a private
message from a business house in Con
stantinople to Its home office In New
York, transmitted by the American
KHEDIVE WANTS EXPLANATION
Sultan Tells Turks His Sovereign
Will Has Been Thwarted.
LONDON. Nov. 1. Reuter's Amster
dam correspondent sends a telegram
received in Amsterdam from Berlin
which says that during the last few
days British, French and Russian sub
jects have hastily left Constantinople.
"The Russian Ambassador," the dis
patch from Berlin says, "advised all
Russian subjects to depart immediate
ly from Constantinople and the British
Ambassador sent his family home.
Many enthusiastic demonstrations have
taken place in the streets of Constan
tinople.
"The Sultan has notified all the pow
ers that the British attitude toward
Egypt prevented the execution of his
sovereign rights and that the Khedive
will demand of Great Britain explana
tion of her actions.
AMBASSADORS LEAVE TURKEY
Passports Given Russian, British
and French Representatives.
CONSTANTINOPLE (via London),
Oct. 31. The Ambassadors of Russia.
Great Britain and France have received
their passports.' The Russian and Brit
ish Ambassadors will leave Constan
tinople tonight. The French Ambassa
dor will leave tomorrow.
BORDEAUX. Nov. 1. It is officially
announced that the French, British and
sel. In the recent case of the steamer
Brindilla, however, prize court pro
ceedings actually bad begun when the
British government ordered the release
of the vessel.
Consul Sprague reported that the
Kroonland was discharging her cargo
of 1400 tons of copper and 300 barrels
of lubricating oil. The reason lor this
was not. Kiven. State Department offi
cials will await a formal reply from
London before making further repre
sentations on the subject. Inasmuch as
cODDer and oil were placed on the con
raband list after the Kroonland sailed.
the American Government probably
will contend that the vessel has a right
to deliver her cargo. It is thought in
some Quarters. however, that the
Kroonland may have discharged the
copper and oil as a result of the offer
of the British government to buy it.
While the Consul s dispatch made
no mention oi tne i-uu passengers
aboard the Kroonland. it is believed
that if the vessel discharges her cargo
for consideration by the prise court,
she may be allowed to proceed in the
meantime to Italy and Greece with ner
neutral passengers, German and Aus
trian reservists, reported on board, be
ing taken off and held as prisoners oi
war.
The "Personal" Touch
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The mission of this shop is to apparel
woman in a manner that accentuates her
personality - and does not submerge . it.
The art of expressing individuality is en
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to that spirit which seeks to dress women
in a maimer that savors of uniformity.
So diversified is the Holliday Co.'s show
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that a woman may choose a model par
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Suits $22.50 to $175.00
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355 ALDER STREET
HA j
GENERAL CHAFFEE IS DEAD
Former Chief of Staff, Once Pri
vate, Passes In Los Angeles.
LOS ANGELES. Oct. 1. Lieutenant-
General Adna R. Chaffee, former chief
of staff of the United States Array,
died at his home here today. He had
Russian Ambassadors to Turkey asked been 111 almost a month and passed
for thler passports yesterday and lef 1 1 away at 1:45 P. M-. after a period of
Constantinople today. The American I unconsciousness. His Body will he
Ambassador. Henry Morgenthau, has I taken to v asmngton, leaving uesaay.
taken charge of French interests in for interment in Arlington National
Turkey. I Cemetery.
General i;n&izee s condition Dtcame
trrave a few days ago. Late yesterday
PRIMnp' DFATH INninATFH n sank into unconsciousness and this
rnilMUt O ULHin IIUUIOHICU morning, in a brief period of lucidity,
he told Mrs. Chaffee his end was near.
Private Letter Describes Funeral of He then expressed a wish to be laid to
German Emperor's Son. :0?ni, w
John Hastings Howard, wife of an
WASHINGTON, Nov. 1. A private I Army officer, were at the bedside when
letter received by a young woman In tho end came. Two other children,
Washington from a Lieutenant in the Mrs. George French Hamilton, wife of
German Kmy refers to "the funeral of an Army Captain, and Adna R. Chaf-
the Crown Prince." fee. Jr., a Lieutenant In the Army, are
The letter came to the. attention of I in the Philippines.
State Department officials when its re- I General Chaffee rose from the rank
ciplent asked the American Govern-1 of private to that of Lieutenant-Gen-
ment to undertake to transmit a reply
for her tothe Lieutenant, to whom she
is engaged to be married. The request
was denied, as have been many similar
ones. The leMer made only a casual
reference to the funeral, speaking of
the big crowds which poured out to
see it.
A week ago dispatches from London
eral in the United States Army.
was wounded three times.
He
. Avalanche Overwhelms Swiss.
BERNE, Switzerland, Nov. 1. via
Paris. A huge avalanche today over
whelmed a detachment of Swiss sol
diers in the mountains near St. Mau
also reported tho receipt there of prl- I rice. Four of tho men were Instantly
vate letters irom Germany saying the I killed and two were gravely injured.
Crown Prince DM been burled. I Eleven others were dug out alive.
Opportunity
waits for no man.
But you may over
take it with a
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