10
THE MoiRXTXG OREGOXIAN, TUESDAY, OCTOBER SO, 1014.
FOBTLAHD, OREGON.
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r9BTI,AXB, TCESDir, OCT., 0, 1914.
THE COTTON I'ltOULEM.
5 ' The most serious and most perplexing-
problem growing out" of the war
with which our Government and our
'financiers have to deal is the financ
ing of the cotton crop. It Is serious
"Nation. Cotton exports are important
factors in adjusting the balance of
trade. Unless they can be resumed
in fair volume and at prices which
bring; the planter out even, stringency,
if not ruin, will fall on the South, and
the Southern market for Northern and
Western products will be greatly cur
tailed. ! The cotton crop is grown and har
vested mainly on credit- Hence fail
ure to sell the crop causes the planter
to pass his losses on to the banker
and storekeeper, the latter passes
them on to the wholesaler, and he
to the manufacturer. There is a chain
reaching from the tenant-farmer who
arrows cotton on shares in the South
tfc the manufacturer lr the North.
i This year's crop Is estimated at
15.000,000 bales, of which other na
tions would normally take between
8,000,000 and 9.000,000 bales. If ex
ports should continue only at the rate
which has prevailed since August 1,
the total for the year would toe nearer
800,000 than 8,000,000 bales, and, un
less home consumption should ma
terially increase, the surplus to be
carried over to next year would be
about 7,000,000 bales. In normal
years the surplus is about 1,000,000
bales,
A tremendous slump in the. price of
cotton has been prevented only by
the closing of the cotton, exchanges,
by the reluctance of the growers to
sell at a loss, and by the efforts of
Southern people to find means of en
abling them to carry the crop until
they can sell at a remunerative price.
But bankers fear to make loans In the
demoralized condition of the market,
and manufacturers hold off from buy
ing in the expectation of very cheap
cotton. The buy-a-bale-of - cotton
movement may take 1,000,000 bales
off the market, but that affords only
partial relief.
This emergency prompted some
Southern Senators to make a fight
for the issue of $250,000,000 of Gov
ernment bonds wherewith to buy cot
ton at 10 cents a pound or Jess and
for the taxation of the crops of 1915
and 1916 in order to reimburse the
Government and to discourage pro
duction until the market absorbed the
surplus. The objections to this scheme
are that It would maintain an artifi
cial price and might not be effective
in discouraging production until the
surplus was worked off; that it would
commit the Government to a policy
which it compelled Brazil to abandon
in relation to the coffee crop; and
that it would form a precedent for
similar . rtxM&f tn nthn. 1ni1ictWaD
whenever some unforeseen event
threatened it with disaster.
The most forcible objection of all,
however, is that the Government val
orization scheme, for that is what it
really is, would ,afford relief to the
South only, when it is the Nation as
a whole which really needs relief.
Relief to the Nation would Bive the
South all the aid it needs. The de
cline of 90 per cdnt in cotton exports
rias been the greatest factor in turn
ing the balance of trade against the
United States. A decrease of 90 per
cent in exports of 8,000,000 bales at
10 cents a pound Is equivalent to a
decrease of 1860.000,000. The in
creased exports of grain at enhanced
prices, of war material to Europe and
of manufactures to replace the ex
ports to other countries which Eu
rope can no longer . send might
not suffice to offset this great loss in
cotton exports. There is a prospect
that within two weeks the stock ex
changes at London and New York
will reopen-. Then Europe is likely to
resell to the United States alarge
proportion of the $4,000,000,000 of
American securities which it holds
and to turn the balance still more
heavily against us. - Unless this coun
try cart revive cotton exports in large
volume, the Ingenuity of the gold pool
may be taxed to finance the adverse
balance which may thus pile up.
The solution of the cotton problem
seems to rest more in. putting in mo
tion again tie machinery forexport
ing the crop than in Government val
orization. Cotton Is a necessary part
of yie clothing of all nations. It is
not contraband of-war, "and neutral
ships should be able to carry it to
neutral ports for importation to Ger
many and Austria. The way is al
ready open for France and England
to resume imports. The preoccupa
tion of these countries with war pre
vents them from manufacturing their
normal output of cotton goods, but
their armies and their people must
have clothes and there Is every reason
why their mills should be kept in op
eration -with such forces as can be
supplied by the part of the population
which remains at home. Their mills
cannot operate to capacity, both be-,
cause they are short of operatives and
because they are cut off from part or
all of their foreign markets, but
American mills can Increase produc
tion enormously and can make up
their deficiencies. Clothing and cloth
ing fabrics are conditions! contra
band, but in fact are only shut out of
Germany, Austria and European Rus
sia, They can be exported to Great
Britain, France a.nd Belgium without
hindrance; also to the countries nor
mally supplied by Germany. A large
part of the cotton surplus can thus be
exported in the manufactured state,
thereby increasing the volume of our
exports by the value added in manu
facturing. We have the authority of Sir
George Paish, the British financier
who has been sent to this country to
arrange for adjustment of exchange
dealings with our Government, for
the statement that the problem of
cotton exports to England is a prob
lem of exchange. He expects to solve
this problem in co-operation with our
financiers and thus to clear the way
for renewal of exports. England is
just as anxious to buy our cotton as
we are to sell it, -for Sir George says
that our exports should be sufficient
to wipe out the balance of trade
against us. What is true of England
must be true in a less degree of the
other belligerents. We therefore have
every reason to expect that the cotton
crisis will pass away without the
adoption of so dangerous an expedi
ent as Government purchase of or
loans on the crop.
THAT POST OF CTT.
Probably it has not so soon been
forgotten that just a few, weeks since
Senator Chamberlain issued this pa
triotic statement: -
I shall have to rely upon my friends- In
Oregon to take care of my campaign. It is
far more . important that I remain at my
post and attend to the strenuous duties and
Important responsibilities brought upon us
by the European war. than it is that I be
re-eleoted to the Senate. Of course. I do
not want to be defeated, but I had rather
be defeated than be charged with treachery
to the interest of my state and my country
in these momentous times when 'every pub
lic servant ought to be at his post of duty.
For this flrui sentiment, the Sen
ator received the fervid encomiums of
all the chorus of Democratic papers
of Oregon. It was Indeed noble of
the Senator to emulate the storied
Casablanca while his political ship
was burning.
But in a few days there was a
change. The little Oregon papers be
gan to appeal to the self-sacrificing
Senator to come home. He came. So
did Lafferty.
But Representative Hawley and
Representative Slnnott are' stiU at
Washington, though both are candi
dates for re-election. They are not
Issuing virtuous proclamations about
their own devotion to duty, and soon
violating them. They are at work.
FOB THEIB OWN PROTECTION.
It is for just such cases as that of
the Rock Island Railroad that the
securities bill, which the Administra
tion has postponed till next session of
Congress,, is needed. Had such a law
been in effect, years ago, this splendid
and once lucrative railroad property
could not have become involved in the
tangle of corporations which has
brought it within a short distance of
the auctioneer's block. s
Government regulation of railroad
securities is needed as much for the
protection of the railroads as for that
of the Investor and the shipper. As
railroads are now financed, the in
vestor has no assurance that his
money will not be squandered as it
was in the New Haven, Frisco and
Rock Island deals. Hence such deals
Injure the credit of all - railroads, in
crease the difficulty of their securing
capital and compel them to pay
higher interest. Under Government
regulation, a permit from the Inter
state Commerce Commission to a rail
road to issue bonds would be an as
surance that the road was In sound
financial condition and that the pro
ceeds would be well applied.
Diminished earnings are only one
of the causes for( railroads' financial
troubles. Frenzied finance of the
New Haven and the Rock'Island style
is the other. Well-managed railroads
which are suffering from the first evil
would be wise to ask for regulation of
security issues at the same time as
they ask for higher rates, in order
that they may not suffer for the sins
of the frenzied financiers.
REFERRED TO Jl'IXiE BENNETT.
"What people," cries our pork
barrel neighbor, the Evening Journal,
"what people are tired of Governor
West? Aside from those who oppose
law enforcement. The Oregonian, Dr.
Withycombe, a lot of highbrow, some
reactionaries, the roadhouse-keepers.
the Copperfield saloon-keepers, who
is 'disgusted with Governor West' and
'tired of conditions at Salem'?" Thus
In Its own chaste and elegant way our
oozy friend describes the great ma
jority of the people of Oregon, who
are both tired and disgusted with sen
sational, inefficient and demagogical
state administration.
- But The Oregonian is able to give
an even more specific reply. Last
Saturday night Judge Alfred S. Ben
nett, a Democrat, inspired by his
sense of fealty to . the party before
which he had been a candidate for
Governor, made a speech favoring
his successful rival. Dr. C. . J. Smith.
Asserting that as Governor Dr. Smith
would give a "businesslike adminis
tration," he added:
"If you are taxpayers, and I believe
all of you pay taxes, you know how
badly we need an old-fashioned busi
iess administration of Oregon."
Who but a citizen wearied of bun
combe, pretense and resounding emp
tiness could have made that signifi
cant remark about the present state
executive!
THE DOMESTIC SCIENCE CLASS, i
The art of cookery has always been
praised by wise and witty men. It is
only simpletons and hermits who con
demn it. People of shallow intelli
gence have sometimes taken pride in
deriding the cook, but they are ready
enough to bow to her authority at
meal time. The man who professes
most vociferously to despise "good
eating" is usually the one who raises
a row at the dinner table if every
thing is not perfect. We do not blame
him for making trouble on account of
badly cooked food, but we do blame
him for denying hypocritically that he
thinks it important.
"We can live without poetry, music
and art," as the poet says, "but 'civ
ilized man cannot live without cooks.'
Even the most sour-faced ascetic has
to eat something, and the better it-is
cooked the better for his stomach and
his soul. Mrs. Kate Vaughn knows
all about the gastronomic mysteries
as they are celebrated in the South
Fried chicken reveals under her
witching hand beatific properties
never heard of outside of Tennessee
and Maryland. She discloses to her
pupils the sacred recipe tot beaten
biscuits and Eastern Shore corn pone
Mrs. Vaughn's mission is to all who
need instruction, particularly to young
wives. Alas, how many a prom
ising household has been wrecked be
cause the girlish and charming host
ess had never learned how to knead
bread, broil a steak and make a stew-
She can sail Into a crowded drawing-
room over a slippery rug without the
slightest mishap, but when It -comes
to baking a pan of hot biscuits she Is
totally at a loss.
Instruction In domestic science will
be an immeasurable boon to these
dear but benighted helpmeets. It will
put them in a position to retain the
husbands' love which their poor cook.
ing has all but frightened out of the
window. What true man can be ex
peeted to love a woman -w ho can-not
cook? He may speciously profess a
fleeting affection for her face or her
intellect and keep up appearances for
a time; but his true and lasting pas
sion goes only where he feels sure of
good bread and juicy steaks.
A word to the wise is sufficient.
A PI'LE DAY.
Today is apple day. Its purpose is
to promote the sale and use of one of
Oregon's staple products. A great
many influential individuals and firms
are co-operating to make the day
famous in Oregon history. Some are
arranging to distribute apples as gifts
to- the children in the schools. The
O.-W. R. & :n. Company is to exhibit
the various methods of cooking the
fruit.
An apple properly cooked is one of
the most delicious morsels in the
world, but it is not everybody who
knows the secret , of this art. Today
at the Teon building there will be an
opportunity to learn. If more house
wives understood the charming ways
in which apjples may be prepared for
food a great deal more of the fruit
would be consumed. Even to bake an
apple properly requires not a little
knowledge and skill. The acme of do
mestic expertness is demanded when a
person essays to make an apple dump
ling. Prepared by a consummate artist
this Is said by connoisseurs and epi
cures to be the most appetizing viand
on earth, but how many women 'would
dare to say that they know just how
to do it? Go to the Yeon building
today, gaze on the consummate prod
ucts of culinary genius there exhibited
and go home resolved to-do likewise
or better.
It is a patriotic duty for Oregonians
to buy and eat apples not only on
Apple day but every day. A great
deal of the state's capital Is invested
in producing apples, and the war has
so limited the market this season that
the growers hardly know which way
to look for an outlet. By purchasing
apples generously consumers -will not
only gratify their appetites and im
prove their health, but they will ad
vance the interests of an important
local industry.
We know of an expert in domestic
science who eats apples at this season
in place of bread. She lays slices of
the fruit on cold meat and finds the
combination at once delicious and
wholesome. It keeps the system in
good order while it builds up the
strength. If every person in Portland
were equally ingenious In disposing of
the apple surplus there would not be a
surplus very large.
CHANCE ALONE PROLONGS XJLFE
Fortune has given the wool-grow
ing Industry another respite from the
disastrous effects of the Democratic
tariff. The price of raw wool had al
ready been raised In consequence of a
short crop throughout the world, when
Great Britain a few days ago placed
an embargo on exports of wool in or
der to Insure an ample supply to make
Winter clothing for the soldiers and
sailors. That country being the world's
chief wool market, the foreign supply
for American mills, which would have
supplanted the American product or
depressed its price had the crop been
normal, is materially reduced. Our
woolen mills must rely on the Ameri
can crop, supplemented by the small
quantity they may be able to import.
Prices may, ; therefore, take a spurt,
but it will be but a spurt-
How great an influence "has been
the short world clip in sustaining the
price may-be judged from the falling
off In Its total, as shown by the fol
lowing figures:
Year. Wool, pounds.
1913 : 2,e31),i5T,7M-J
1012 ;.. 2,T1.180,l;c;
mil 2,yi,ns7.ou
laio '. x,usa.7oxasj
The American wool-growers have j
not been deceived as to the cause and
the ephemeral character of this year's
advance in price. They have been re
ducing their flocks in anticipation of
free wool to such an extent that the
clip of the United States, which was
301,538,138 pounds In 1893, the year
before the Wilson tariff, shrank in
1912 to 262,543.400 pounds and in
1913 to 251,891,300 pounds. The
price of wo"ol has advanced because
the United States reduced its produc
tion in consequence of tariff agitation
at a time when other countries, from
other causes, produced less. Wool is
higher because there is less wool to
sell. When the world clip again
reaches normal proportions and the
British embargo on exports Is lifted, a
flood of foreign wool may be expected
to pour into the American market and
swamp the American grower with low
prices.
That this forecast Is founded on fact
may be seen by comparison of the Im
ports of raw wool since the Under
wood tariff was passed. The num
ber of pounds of each class of wool
Imported during the seven months
ending July 31 of the last three years
was as follows:
Class.' 112. 1913. 1914.
Clothing ... 70.534.793 40,i;7.u38 122.1 K3.5.0
Combing .. 12.487.S15 ,034,275 16.717.94M
carpet .... to.&-io,o( 6i,ozv,f-3 vj.ona.axo
Totals ...149.8ST.7SS. 78.822,359 206.269,718
Although we have imported more
raw wool with which to operate our
mills, we have also greatly increased
our Imports of woolen manufactures
in the seven months ending with July.
The figures for that period of the last
three years are:
Commodity. 1912. 1313. 1914.
Carpets $2,494,671 $2,56,2S $ 2,SS0,J79
Cloths 2.804..-.07 2.S.-.2.05-2 10,879.813
Dress goods.. l.&oa.oso l.suu.-'ta Z.GVX.V-iS
Totals $6,912,214 T,317,6.".5 $19,363,336
Both the wool-growing apd woolen
manufacturing industries are threat
ened with extinction by Democratic
tariff legislation. The life of the wool
growing industry has been prolonged
for a brief period by the short world's
clip, "and woolen manufacture - has
been given temporary relief from the
full effect of this legislation by the
exigencies of for ign war. Industries
whose tenure of life depends on such
abnormal causes can have but a pre
carious existence.
ROOSEVELT HELPS TAMMANY
Colonel Roosevelt has become an
assistant to Tammany in the election
of Governor Glynn. He has made an
attack on Mr. Whitman, the Repub
lican nominee for Governor, because
the latter has the support of Mr,
Barnes, although every word he says
against Mr. Whitman aids Mr. Glynn
and his backer, Charles F. Murphy.
Mr. Whitman is supported not only
by Mr. Barnes, but by Job Hedges and
W. B. Hinman, his rivals for the nom
ination, who are both anti-Barnes
men. The large vote he received
shows that his support extends far
beyond the Barnes element, and Mr.
Barnes' retirement as state chairman
Is promised.
If Colonel Roosevelt succeeds In de
feating Mr.-Whitman he will have de
feated the man who struck terror Into
the New York criminals and he ipt-ill
have helped to elect a man whom
the New York- Tribune describes as
"a Murphy Governor In the plain, or
dinary, practical realm of job-giving
and appropriation-approving."
This is the position to which the
Colonel's blind adherence to the lost
cause of ' the Progressive party has
reduced him. His own party cannot
win; all that it can do is to help one
of the other parties to win and to
prevent the .other from winning.
When called on to choose whom he
will help In the cause of go.od gov
ernment, of which he talks so fer
vently, he chooses Tammany, . simply
because Mr. Barnes, along with all
other Republicans, , supports , Mr.
Whitman. His campaign has degen
erated into a political vendetta. He
Is frittering away his great reputa
tion and alienating his host of ad
mirers for the gratification of per
sonal vengeance.
The story of the tariff, translated
Into the language of dairy products.
Is thus told by the Tillamook Head
light: '.
Cheese took another drop on Tuesday a
the result of Democratic free trade, with lit
tle or no demand for Tillamook cheese. The
price of cheese In Wisconsin is the lowest
In many year, a large quantity having been
sold last week for 12H cents. Are you go
ing to vote for more Democratic free trade
next month? A whole raft of our citizen,
and dairymen as well, bolted the Republican
party two years -ago. who wanted a chanKe.
Well, they've got what they voted for and
should not complain. Haven't we got free
cream, free milk, free lumber, free fish, free
meat, free eggs, free wool. etc. 7
Strangely enough the Tillamook
producer wants to make a living out
of the things he raises and makes to
sell. He is a greedy reactionary.
At Bordeaux the courts have or
dered seizure of valuable property
held by Germans. " All bitter acts
committed outside - the war zone
merely make for future bad feeling in
the human family. Noncombatants
should confine themselves to giving
moral and financial support to the
field operations.
The opposing lines of Germans and
allies now extending from the sea to
the Swiss frontier, the chance of vic
tory for either hangs on ability to
break a wing of the other or to break
a gap through the opposing line. If
the former expedient fails, a reciprocal
search for weak points may follow.
Some of the engagements that are
set down as mere skirmishes in Eu
rope are greater than our whole
Spanish War greater in the number
of men engaged, the number of shells
fired and the number of men hit, and
Inferior only in the number of mili
tary blunders made.
Men rejected as physically unfit are
now being re-examined in Austria.
One by one the nations are lowering
their physical standards for military
duty, which gives assurance that Eu
rope will be kept scratching for some
scores of years to come footing the
pension bill.
Still we shall never be able to ap
preciate fully just how Britain feels
over the Teuton peril until one of our
own pet perils materializes, as may
be the case one day. Then we will
find that British military unpre
paredness isn't a circumstance to our
own.
The British casualty lists show
nearly 14,000 men lost in. less than a
month past. Which is close to 10
per cent of their total force.- If there
has been any doubt that the British
troops were fighting it vanishes in the
light of this official report. -
A German royal Prince, fired on by
sharpshooters, it is reported, fell
unconscious from heart trouble and
thus escaped death. "Fell uncon
scious from heart trouble," suggests
that .the reports are very kind to the
young man.
German protests have made Portu
gal hesitate about joining the war.
The longer Portugal hesitates the
better off Portugal will be. She
should, follow wise old Spain's .exam
ple and keep out of the martial mael
strom. Those British mobs which are
storming the German homes In Lon
don should be harshly dealt with by
the authorities. If the cowardly non
combatant wants to shed blood let
him enlist.
Austrlans . and Russians are both
winning the same battles In Poland
and Gallcla, if we believe stories from
both sides. The only party to the
war who Is surely winning is Death.
A local pastor found a text for his
sermon in the recent world series.
However, we find that he "was not
Inspired by overhearing what the
Athletics had to say on the subject.
President Wilson is becoming re
conciled with all the Democrats with
whom he ever quarreled. They are
being drawn together by common pre
science of impending misfortune.
Four German torpedoboat destroy
ers sunk by one British cruiser. In
the little game of naval "sniping" the
British are holding their own with
the Germans.
It is reported that native Canadians
are not enlisting for the war. Amer
ican adventurers make it possible to
fill up the ranks, however.
The Russians are planting mines in
the Gulf of Finland, and, of course..
will harvest a fine crop of death and
destruction from the seed.
If Kitchener should rush the Cana
dian contingent across to the French
coast, it may be enough to turn the
trick at this juncture.
. Plague, war, famine and - threat
ened anarchy confront Austria. Which
just about makes the cup of bitter
ness Dnmiui.
From this neutral point of view,
somebody is giving Berlin bunk when
she imagines Britain is in desperate
straits. .
"Scotch Highlanders checked," says
a dispatch. Referring, no doubt, to
the color design of their kilties.
The Japanese seem to be taking
thetr time in taking Klau-Chau.
Get a sample ballot as soon as pos
sible for evening study.
The red-cheeked apple makes the
rosy-cheeked maid.
The recall is beginning to sound as
hollow as an echo. ,
Really, Chamberlain would better
muzzle Fido.
VALUE OF TWO LEGISLATIVE HOUSES
Kminent Authorities Clve Reason for Bicameral System aad Tell of Adop
tion and Prernl Worth in Practically Every Civilised Country.
The opinion of historians and distin
guished writers on political science is
almost unanimous in favor of a Legis
lature composed of two chambers. The
latest work on the subject is that of
Professor J. A. R. Marriott, of Oxford
University, who made the recent con
troversy regarding the British House
of Lords the occasion of a book on the
justice and experience of all civilized
countries, entitled "Second Chambers."
He says as the result of his exhaustive
study:
The American Senate ... has aome
claim to be regarded a, without exception,
the strongest and most efficient second
Chamber in the world.
In none of the great dominions ha there
been any attempt to introduce the principle
of a uni-cameral Legislature. The pro
vincial legislatures of Canada (and even
here Quebec and Nova Scotia form excep
tions) consist of one House only, but with
this exception both the Federal and the
state legislatures are alike and uniformly
bi-cameral.
No modern state, whatever be It form
and government, whether Federal or uni
tary, monarchical or republican, presiden
tial or parllmentary, constitutionally flex
ible or constitutionally rigid, la willing to
dispense with a second chamber. . .
Of the great states of the modern world
three of the greatest have actually tried
and abandoned the experiment of a single
legislative chamber. In no one of the three
cases were the circumstances normal. In
England and France the system was tried
in a time of constitutional dislocation and
social disorder. In the United 8tates the
times were eminently transitional.
The London Quarterly Review said
in 1910. in discussing "Two Chambers
or One," with especial reference to the
House of Lords' controversy:
The cardinal virtue of a bi-cameral sys-
tem 1 that since neither House can ride
roughshod over the opinions of the other
each la driven to find a middle way for
the solution of its difficulties. The very
opposite I the case when one House la o
impotent that law can be paasad over Itc
head and against its will.
e
Mr. Balfour has defined the essential
Qualities of a good upper House. It must
be -strong and yet not strong enough to
suck away the power of the lower House.
Its members must not be amenable to the
passing passion of the moment or to the
pressure of the populace. It must be pow
erful enough to resist temporary gusts of
popular feeling.
If it fthe upper House's) members, cho
sen in large constituencies, were to be elect
ed for long periods, they would put forward
a claim which experience might well estab
lish, to represent far better than the fluctu
ating majorities of the ' lower House the
stable opinion of the country. Nor la it
easy to see on what ground this claim could
be rebutted by the commons.
Commending the provisions for two
houses -in the Irish home rule bill, the
Westminster Review says:
The advantage of having as one of the
legislative houses a body which does not
change aU at once, but undergoes a peri
odical process of gradual change and re
newal has been recognised even in that
most .democratic of upper houses, the Aus
tralian Senate.
Australia, the most democratic of the
British Dominions, after its individual
states have had experience with both
appointive and elective second cham
bers and with .deadlocks between first
and second chambers, has decided upon
an elective second chamber in the Com
monwealth Parliament, with special
provision for breaking deadlocks. Evi
dently Australia considers ,that a sec
ond chamber, elected by larger constit
uencies than the first chamber, reflects
public sentiment in another light and
that this advantage, combined with
those of revision and due consideration
of legislation, outweighs the disadvan
tage of delay and deadlocks.
...
Opinions of other distinguished writ
era are:
8lr Henry Mains What. then, is expected
from a well constituted second chamber la
not a rival infallibility, but ah additional
security. It is hardly too much to say that
in this view almost any second chamber is
better than none.
...
The one thoroughly successful institution
which has been established since the tide
IT 19 BUSINESS NOT POLITICS
Need for Change in Senators Told by
Lnmbering Depression.
PORTLAND. Oct- 19. (To the Edi
tor.) The lumber industry of .Oregon,
Washington, Idaho and California is
practically paralyxed, with absolutely
no relief in sight, while at the same
time the, lumber Industry of British
Columbia is flourishing and on the
soundest basis in all its history.
Thousands of laboring people are idle
on the Pacific Coast of the United
States who have been heretofore em
ployed in the lumber industries, while
In British Columbia the prospects are
the most favorable to the lumber in
dustry, due to the fact thar British
Columbia lumber manufacturers can
ship their products to the east coast of
the Unled States $3.50 cheaper, owing
to the utterly absurd - and ridiculous
restrictions placed upon the American
manufacturer, as regards the coast
wise shipping, in -lately amended ma
rine laws, wherein an artificial, but
ruinous, scarcity of vessels was de
liberately brought about to the great
detriment of the American lumber
manufacturers on the Pacific Coast and
right into the hands of- British Co
lumbia lumber manufacturers.
What sort of business policy Is this
on the part of our Government and
particularly the present Administra
tion., that does not only Ignore the
welfare of one of the principal in
dustries of the Pacific' Coast, but de
liberately goes to the extreme of giv
ing Brltlch Columbia $3.50 the best
of us? Why should we not have an
even break under our laws for the
business on the east coast of the
United States?
This is a remarkably strange condi
tion of affairs that we find ourselves
in. particularly when we stop to con
sider that the lumber business is one
of the principal industries in Oregon
and the further fact that Oregon has
two Democratic Senators who ought
adequately to protect our interests,
under a Democratic Administration, at
least- Personally, I do not view this
matter from a political point of view
at all, but instead from a purely eco
nomic and business stand and un
doubtedly most voters and business
people look at the situation in ths
same light. There is no good reason
why millions of dollars should flow
from the east coast of the United
States to British Columbia and the
lumber Industries of Oregon, Washing
ton, Idaho and California not even
have a look-in, owing to absurdly dw
vised shipping and tariff laws that
paralyzes one of our greatest indus
tries indefinitely.
Undoubtedly George E. Chamberlain,
who is a candidate for United States
Senator, can point out to the voters of
Oregon where the relief is coming
from properly to avoid the trouble and
of democracy begac to run is the American
Senate.
e
Walter Bagehot With a perfect lower
House It ia certain that an upper House
would be scarcely of any value. . .
But though beside an ideal House of Com
mons the Lords would be unnecessary and
therefore pernicious, beside the actual
House a revising and leisured Legislature
Is extremely useful if net quite necessary.
e .
Alphaeus Todd, in a work on parliamen
tary government in the colonies In colonies
entrusted with the power of local self
government a second Chamber is a neces
sary Institution. It is a counterpoise to
democratic ascendency in the popular and
most powerful assembly. It affords some
protection against hasty and ill-considered
legislation and action, and serves to elicit
the sober second thought of ths people In
contradistinction to tbe impulsive first
thought of the lower House.
James Bryce refers to the United
States Senate in his "Australian Com
monwealth" as "this masterpiece of the
constitution-makers." He also says:
All those checks end balance In the
English and American constitutions by
which the censors of democracy used to eel
such store have here dwindled down to one
only, viz., the existence of two chamber.
...
The statesmen of the convention which
framed this latest addition of the world's
stock of instruments of government (the
Australian constitution) had passed in re
view all .prevloua experiments, had found
tn them examples to follow and other ei
ample to hun. had drawn from them the
best essence of the teachings they were
fitted -to impart. When the convention
prepared its higher finished scheme of
polity H delivered its judgment upon the
work of ell who had one before, white
contributing to the materials which will be
available for all who come hereafter to the
work of building up a state.
.
Marriott, quoting this. last passage.
adds:
It represents also the- high water mark
of popular government: in every section It
is Interpenetrated by the spirit of democ
racy. . .
Lecky. the historian The necessity of a
second chamber has acquired almost the po
sition of an axiom. ... Of all the
forma of government that are possible
among mankind I do not know any which
is likely to be worse than the government
of a single omnipotent democratic cham
ber. e . .
'Sidney Low in "The Governance of Eng
land" Under the House of Commons con
dition bills are hustled through with half
their clauses undiscussed and the other
half a mass of contradictions, absurdities
and inconsistencies. These ragged and
amorphous measures may be cut and
trimmed 'into shape in the House of Lords
and sent back again shorn of excrescences
fastened .upon them by embarrassed Min
isters Overwhelmed with work and dis
tracted by the necessity of concentrating
one or other section of their miscellaneous
following.
e .
Henry Sldgwick in "Elements of Pol
Itlcs" A second Chamber, in order to be
able to maintain a really co-ordinate posi
tion against the pressure -of a popularly
elected Assembly, .must Itself be also in
some way, though perhaps indirectly, the
result of popular election. ... In order
to get the full advantages of the system of
two chambers with co-ordinate powers It
seems desirable that they should be elected
on different plans, tn respect both of ex
tent of renewal and of duration of - powers,
so that, while the primary representative '
Chamber, being chosen ali at once for a
compartively short period, may more freshly
represent the opinions and sentiment of the
-majority of the electorate, the Senate, elect
ed for a considerably longer period and en
the system of partial renewal, may be abo
to withstand the Influence of any transient
gust of popular passion or sentiment.
...
The main end for which a Senate Is con
structed is that all legislative measures
may receive a second consideration by a
body different in character from the pri
mary representative Assembly, and if pos
sible, superior or supplementary in Intel
lectual qualifications.
John Stuart Mill A majority in a single
Assembly, when It hss assumed a perma
nent character when composed of the same
persons habitually acting together and al
ways assured of victory In their own House
easily becomes despotic ami overweening,
if pleased from the necessity of consider
ing whethrlts acts will be concurred In by
another, constituted authority.
get out of this dilemma and chaos
If he can, all well and good, but If
he cannot then what advantage Is It
to Oregon to have Democratic Sena
tors representing this state at Wash
ington? The voters of Oregon realize the vital
importance of the matter herein re
ferred to and they are going to de
mand positive assurance of relief, as
relief we must have from some prac
tical source by some practical mean a
This is business and not politics.
Was the Panama Canal constructed
exclusively for the benefit of British
Columbia lumber manufacturers, for
eign commercial Interests and to kill
the lumber industries of the Pacific
Coast? It Is proving to be more of
a detriment than a benefit so far un
der the present Democratic laws and
policies. J. II. BAQLEI.
Primary Vote for Candidates.
CAMAS, Wash, Oct.' 17. (To the
Editor.) Please state the number of
votes each of the following candidates
received at the last Oregon primaries:
Booth. Withycombe. McArthur, Cham
berlain, 6mith and Lafferty.
H. C. GRAY.
Booth, 69.325; Chamberlain. 31,145;
Smith, 14.308; McArthur, 14,100; Laf
ferty. 12,112.
Apple Day
By Dean Collins.
. Hark, hark to the crunching.
The mumbling and munching;
For thousands are lunching
On apples today.
Get into the game.
And do thou the same.
For no one will blame
Your acting that way.
There's nothing a chap'll
Fall for like an apple;
Just reach out a grapple
With appetite keen.
Though his cuff links he hocks.
And his shoes and his socks.
He will buy him a box
Though it costs his last bean.
The "Winter Banana"
Will give any man a
Delight the Havana
Can't even compare to;
Although, It's no joking.
A man does like smoking.
And I am not poking
Complaining jibes thereto
So, hark to the crunching
Of hungry folk bunching.
And munching and lunching
In revelry gay;
And join the delight
They're ripe and they're right
And bite a big bite
On the glad Apple day.
Twenty-Five Years Ago
From The Oregonian October Hi. 1SS9.
Frederick Sanburn has contributed an
article on the influence -of prince Bis
marck in Germany. Feeble In body Bis
marck Is still strong in mind and has
taught the young Kniperor to obey
him in everything.
Rev. C. T.. Wittlesey, of Portland, has
been made chaitmau and Rev. B. F.
Moody, of Hillsboro, secretary of the
Willamette Association of Congrega
tional Churches which opened sessions
in Oregon Citiy yesterday.
Pierre S. D. The tirst session of the
South Dakota Legislature convened here
yesterday. Govirour Mellette deli-vered
the Inaugural.
San Francisco A larfte syndicate
has organized a $6.0u0.0t0 company
which will introduce electric lights into
the principal cities of China.
New Tork. Brooklyn was assured of
the American Association baseball pen
nant today yesterday when St. Louis
was defeated by Cincinnati at ths ltr
place.
Attorney J. F. Caples Is attending a
law suit at St. Helena and will be out
of the city for several days.
Charles Meech, now tn San Franclscao
on business expects to return to Port
land in a few days.
Mrs. Anderson and Mrs. Stockwell.
both wives of doctors from the Last are
visiting their nieces. Mrs. Kberbard and
Mrs. William Healey, of this city and
their sister. Mrs. 1. W. Lacy of Clacka
mas county.
Work is progressing on the Marquam
Grand Opera house. Some of the largest
pieces of stone ever brought to the city
for a building are being placed for the
theater building.
Clune. McFarland & Rces yesterday
received numerous telegrams reserving
lots at the new city of Detroit on Puget
Sound.
J. D. Wilcox & Company yesterday
sold to Judge R. M. Dement, the Myrick
property located at the northwest cor
ner of Fifth and Pine streets for $15,
000. It is the judge's intention to im
prove it soon.
President Donald Macleay yesterday
appointed C. H. Dodd. T. F. Osborn
and D. M. Dunne, the committee ordered
by the Board of Trade to investigate
and report on the poor terminal facili
ties offered this city by the railroads
and the prospects of obtaining better
ones.
Captain Robertson who has been con
nected with the Stark-street ferry for
15 years Is reported to have signified
his intention of leaving that position.
George Hunt, keeper of the light
house at Tillamook Rock says that
when telegraphic communication is es
tablished residents of that place will
consider themselves pretty well fixed.
Half a. Century Ago.
From The Oregonian. Oct. 20. ISO.
D. H. Hendee, of this city, left a
twig of an apple branch at our office
which is a thing quite out of the or
dinary In the course of nature, and so
extraordinary as to excite some won
der. It has upon it the ripe fruit of
the present season's growth, and full
blossoms for a second crop. The speci
men is of the Kambo variety.
The dancing academy of W. G. Mc
Kay in Parrish's new block, will be
opened this evening. Our city will soon
rank with any other, in proportion to
the population, for the number and
character of its evening clubs for the
amusement and enjoyment of dancing.
As usual yesterday, a large crowd at-'
tended the races. The match set down
for the day's proceeding was a. trot, in
harness, best two in three, for which
three Oregon horses were entered. On
the tirst heat two of the animals were
badly distanced, and of course the con
test ended. The time given in on the
winner was 2:09.
Washington. Oct- 18. Admiral Por
ter, ot the North Atlantic blockading
squadron, reports the capture of an
English steel-built blockade runner.
L. M. Parrish. School Clerk, announces
that he has the tax list for School Dis
trict No. 1 and that the law requires
him to collect them by December 15.
Taxpayers can save the cost of collec
tion by calling at Mr. Tarrish's office,
107 Front street.
Salem. Oct- 18. Reports of commit
tees were in order in the House today.
In the course of the proceedings, Mr.
Waketield, from the committee on com
merce, reported in favor of S. J. Me
morial, relative to the reciprocity
treaty witn the Sandwich Islands. Mr.
Gillette made a minority report against
the treaty, saying that the Federal
Government is able to attend to Its
business without our help.
AH the steamers of the O. S. N. Com
pany, from Portland to Lewiston. are
to be supplied with baggage rooms.
Baggage masters .will. -.take charge of
the passengers' effects the same as on
an Eastern railroad.
BIG HEART1.B MAN, SAYS LABORER
One Who Has Been Helped by Torn
Hnrlbnrt Urges His Election.
PORTLAND, Oct- 18. (To the Edi
tor.) I have known Thomas M. Hurl
burt. Republican candidate for Sheriff
of this county, for 25 years, and beg
permission to state that, although I am
a poor man. without great influence,
and am Just a plain, every-day working
man, or laboring man, who has to do
the hard work that is offered me to
make a living. 1 have always been
treated more than friendly by Tom
Hurlburt. He has encouraged me by
his friendly advice, and has gone out
and got me Jobs that I could not get.
and when I thanked him he said: "Oh,
that Is all right; I am glad to help
any laboring man."
I have known him to help many other
poor laboring men. I cannot for the
life of me see how any registered Re
publican can satisfy his conscience by
aoing anything except vote for Tom
Hurlburt, one of the very best friends
the laboring men have ever had in
urejon.
I surely am going to vote for Tom
Hurlburt. and I want all my friends to
do the same. He will not make any
spectacular displays, but will enforce
all the laws all the time and give every
man a square deal every time.
Again. I urge you to vote for Thomas
M Hurlburt for Sheriff of Multnomah
County. WILLIAM BURNS.
295 Third street.
The "Movie" Age
This is the age of moving pictures
ind motion general the epoch of
action.
But all the movies are not to be
seen in the -chow places by any
manner of means.
Newspaper advertising is a con
tinuous motion picture of progress.
It Is the reproduction of the world
In action of production meeting
demand and demand welcoming pro
auction. In this busy active a;e there is
nothing more typical and more in
teresting than newspaper advertising.