THE MORNING OEEGONIAN. MONDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1914.
PERQNNE FOOTBALL
OF ARMIES 111 WAR
Peaceful Village Often Taken
and Retaken, Beginning in
Fifteenth Century.
CONQUEROR'S HAND HEAVY
German Commander Gives Permis
sion to Pillage as Pnnlshinent
for Failure to Meet Requi-
sitlons Promptly.
PARIS. Oct. 6. (Correspondence of
the Associated Press.) History re
peated itself at Peronne for the fifth
or sixth time, with the occupation of
the town by Emperor William's forces.
It is a pretty, peaceful, sleepy town,
in the Valley of the Oise, with no more
apparent pretention than that of at
tending to its own little business, and
It is all the more a wonder that it has
cut such a figure in history that it has
succumbed to nearly every attack.
There can scarcely be any other rea
son than that its situation makes it
a. sort of stumbling-block in the way
of forces bound for Amiens from the
north.
King Charles the Simple first gave
Peronne right to immortality by dying
cf hunger while a prisoner there in
29.
Woman Only Successful Defender.
Charles the Bold began its series of
captures by taking It in 1465 and added
to its renown by imprisoning Lrfmis
XI there two days. The latter re
venged himself on both Charles the
Bold and the town by capturing it in
1477. The Duke of Nassau is the only
one who ever failed In an assault on
it: he was beaten by a woman, Cather
ine of Poix, who rightfully has her
statue In the public square. The Duke
of Wellington captured it in his turn
In 1815, and the Germans starved the
little garrison out in the closing days
of the war of 1870, but were obliged
to allow it to march out with the hon
ors of war.
During nine days bombardment 82
of its 700 houses were demolished and
600 were rendered uninhabitable. In
this case the German commander con
sented not to levy a war fine on the
town and dispensed the inhabitants
from all requisitions, which was all the
same to them, since there was noth
ing left in the place worth having.
Councillor Made HofilaRf.
This time, as has been the case with
most of the military operations, no one
but the general staff and the inhabi
tants knew that the town had been
taken until its reoccupation by the
Krench troops was announced.
After an unequal struggle, the Ger
mans entered the town August 27, just
as the subprefect left at the other
Hide in an automobile, .carrying off
the receipts of the postoffice and the
tax department, amounting to a million
and a half francs gold and several mil
lions in bonds, payable to bearer.
The Mayor and his substitute were
both absent. Finding no one at the
Hotel Je Ville, Colonel Gotberg, the
"German Governor, sent for Monsieur
Line, a citv councillor, and informed
him that it would be necessary for him
to get together a commission of a
dozen important citizens, who should
answer with their lives for the benev
olent behavior of the citizens toward
the German troops, and that the com
mission must present itself to the Gov
ernor within an hour or Monsieur Line
would be 6hot.
War Contributions Demanded.
From this committee the Governor
demanded a war contribution of 300,
000 francs, which must be forthcoming
the following morning. "We certainly
shall not pay it." replied Monsieur Line,
"because all the money of the city
and the receipts of the fiscal depart
ment have been transported to Rouen,
and all of the rich citizens are at the
seashore; all we can do is to supply
your troops with what they need while
here."
"I must have money," persisted the
Governor.
"We have no money," persisted Mon
sieur Lino.
"You must pay me 3000 francs in
gold this evening." said the Governor,
and you shall furnish 400,000 francs
worth of supplies; furthermore, if you
have lied to me I'll know it and I'll
have your hide and that of the cure."
The following morning, declaring
that the requisitions were not being
Tilled with the necessary prompitude,
the Governor inflicted a further pun
ishment on the town in the form of a
permission to the troops of two hours'
pillage of houses whose inhabitants
were out. They were told to begin
with the subprefecture. to punish the
eubrrefect for having gone away with
all the ready money.
Orgle Knds With Kl re
After the furniture had been re
moved the soldiers descended to the
cellars and then started an orgie that
ended in the burning of a dozen of the
more important buildings in the center
of the town.
The citizens' committee protested
strongly against these depredations
and convinced the Governor that it
was not the most likely means of se
curing the willing co-operation of
those most able to contribute to the
supplying of the troops. From that
time to the flight of the Germans be
fore the advancing French the town
was quiet, but the inhabitants say they
would far prefer that Feronne enjoy
less notoriety in history.
FOE TURNED IN 8 DAYS
f"nnt1nueI From First Page.)
line of the Aisne. two brigades at Sois
sons and three brigades at Couvrelles
and Cerseuil on the afternoon of Sep
tember 12.
"From the opposition entered by the
Sixth French army to the west of Sois
sons and two of our araiy corps south
of Missy, and certain other indications
along the line, I formed the opinion
that the enemy had, for the moment at
any rate, arrested his retreat and was
preparing to contest the passage of the
Aisne with some vigor south of Sols
sons, where the Germans were holding
Mont de Paris against attack.
French Heavily Opposed.
"With the assistance oi artillery the
third corps of the French drove them
back across the river at Soissons. where
they destroyed the bridges. Heavy ar
tillery fire showed that the Sixth French
army was meeting with heavy opposi
tion along the line.
"On this day the cavalry under Gen
cral Alenby reached the neighborhood
of Bralne and did good work in clear
ing the town and the high ground be
yond it of strong hostile detachments.
"The Queen's Bays are particularly
mentioned by the General as having as
sisted greatly tn the success of this
operation. They were well supported
by the third division, which cn this
night bivouacked at Brenelle, south of
the river.
"The fifth division approached Missy,"
the report continues, "but were unable
to make headway. The west army
corps reached the neighborhood of
Vauxcers without much opposition. In
this manner the battle of the Aisne
commenced.
"The Aisne valley runs generally east
and west, and consists of a flat-bottomed
depression varying from half to
two miles wide, down which the river
follows a winding course. To the west
is high ground. Both sides of the river
are approximately 400 feet above the
valley, broken into spurs.
"The most prominent slopes and
plateaus overlooking the Aisne. of vary
ing steepness, are covered with patches
of wood which extend on to the high
ground. Several small villages and
towns are dotted about, chief of which
is Soissons.
Aisne Xot Ford able.
"The Aisne is a sluggish stream, 170
feet wide and 15 feet deep in the center,
and is unfordable. Between Soissons
on the west and Villiers on the east
the part of the river attacked and se
cured by the British forces are 11 road
bridges. One narrow-gauge and a dou
ble line railway run near the river.
"The position of the enemy was very
strong, either for delaying action or
for a defensive battle. One of the chief
military characteristics, is, that except
for small stretches on the top of the
plateau, either side cannot be seen,
owing to the woods on the edges of the
slopes. The tract of the country
above described is well adapted for
concealment. The enemy so skillfully
turned this to account that It made it
impossible to judge of the real nature
of his opposition to our passage of the
river, but I have every reason to con
clude that strong rear guards, at least
three army corps, were holding the
passages in the morning."
First Engagement Extended.
In his first report dated September
17, covering operations from August 28
to September 8, Field Marshal French
called especial attention to the fact
that "from Sunday. August 23, up to
the present date, from Mons back al
most to the Seine and from the Seine
to the Aisne the army under my com
mand has been ceaselessly engaged
without one single day's halt or rest
of any kind."
Further along. Field Marshal French
says:
"In spite of determined resistance on
the part of the enemy, who is holding
In strength and with great tenacity a
position peculiarly favorable to defense,
the battle which commenced on the
evening of the 12th instant, (September
12), has so far forced the enemy back
from his first position, secured passage
of the river and Inflicted great losses
upon him, including - the capture of
over 2000 prisoners and several guns."
Retreat Details Given.
The dispatch gives details of the
retreat on August 28 and 29. Generals
Gough and Chetwode, with the Third
and Fifth cavalry brigades, covered
the retreat. repulsing the Germans
with great loss.
"The pursuit by the enemy," con
tinues the report, "was very vigorous.
Some five or six German corps were on
the Somme facing the Fifth army; on
the Oise at least two corps were ad
vancing to'ward my front and were
crossing the Somme east and west of
Ham; three or four more German corps
were opposing the Sixth French army
on my left. This was the situation
when at one o'clock I received a visit
from General Joffre at my headquar
ters. I strongly represented my posi
tion to the French Commander-in-Chief,
who was most kind, cordial and sym
pathetic, as he always has been. He
told me he had directed the Fifth
French army on the Oise to move for
ward and attack the Germans on the
Somme with a view to checking the
pursuit.
Communication Is Threatened.
"I finally arranged with General
Joffre to effect a further short retire
ment toward the line between Com
piegne and Soissons, promising him.
however, to do my utmost to keep al
ways within a day's march of him."
The Germans were threatening the
British line of communication and,
continues the report:
"While closely adhering to his stra
tegic conception to draw the enemy on
11 points until a favorable situation
was created from which to assume the
offensive. General Joffre found it nec
essary from day to day to modify the
methods by which he sought to attain
this object, owing to the development
of the enemy's plans and a change In
the general situation.
On September 5, General Joffre de
cided to take the offensive, as the con
ditions were very favorable to suc
cess. Field Marshal French believes that
about noon on September 6 the enemy
realized that a powerful threat was
being made against the flank of his
columns moving south and east and
began the great retreat which openeTl
the battle. This battle, so far as the
Sixth French army, the British army
and the Fifth and Ninth French ar
mies were concerned, was concluded
on the evening of September 10, when
the Germans had been driven to the
Soissons Rhelms line with the loss
of thousands of prisoners, many guns
and enormous masses of transport.
BELGIAN PEASANTS CARING
mM0t-j p.-j?L . ? iM&&fZh?
ATIVEGAflAD!AtlSI.I
NEW ARMY ARE FEW
One Estimate Says 85 Per
Cent of Volunteers Are
From British Isles. .
INSURANCE CONCERNS AID
War Clause in Policies Is Xot Being
Enforced Xot Many of French
Blood in First Force, but
Brigade Will Follow.
TORONTO. Ont., Oct. 18. (Special.)
Charges are made that many nativs
born Canadians are not enlisting for
service in the European war. One
estimate goes so far as to say that of
the first contingent not fewer than 85
per cent were 'British born, most of
whom came to Canada within the last
five years.
This estimate is combated by many,
among others by the Canadian life in
surance companies, who patriotically
have decided not to enforce the war
clause In their policies, which entitles
them to impose a super-premium of J50
a thousand. Instead of doing so they
are carrying all policies in force at the
time of enlistment at the old rate,
thereby substantially increasing their
liabilities without any compensating
revenue. They say their lists of policy-holders
show a large proportion of
Canadian born.
However, the ' highest estimate of
Canadian born in the contingent is 40
per cent, 60 per cent being British born,
although according to the last census
the latter number only 11 per cent of
the population.
That a serious situation is Indicated
by the circumstance is admitted by
Canadian patriots. In explanation it
is argued that many of the British ar
rivals had military training and fur
ther, having severed home ties, they
were freer to respond to the call of
war. It is admitted that this is only
a partial explanation and that possibly
there is a more serious underlying
cause.
It -has also been pointed out that few
French-Canadians enlisted for the first
contingent. The incident illustrates
how slender is the bond of sentiment
that now connects "New France" with
old France. Nevertheless, in demon
stration of loyalty to the British Em
pire, an entire brigade of French-Canadians
is being rapidly organized and
will be incorporated in the second ex
pedition. T. R. FINANCES EXPEDITION
Colonel Gives $5000 Toward Fur
ther South American Exploration.
NEW YORK. Oct. 18. (Special.)
Leo K. Miller, explorer and mammalol
ogist of the Roosevelt . expedition to
South America, has just completed plans
to start out on another expedition to
South America. He will leave New
York within a few days for Porto Co
lumbia, where he will begin his trip
of exploration in the interest of the
American Museum of ratjral History.
The expedition, which will be con
ducted under the leadership of Miller,
has been financed by Colonel Theodore
Roosevelt to the extent of $5000. The
object of the explorer and his party
will be to make extensive zoological
studies in South America; to gather
collections for the American Museum
and to study the remote regions to
be explored. Miller plans to cover" at
least 60,000 miles on this trip.
As the expedition makes its way
down the Amazon River members of
the party expect to spend some time
making collections along the banks of
the new River Theodora, which was
explored by Colonel Roosevelt.
Xo Rhodes Scholar to Go.
UNIVERSITY OP CALIFORNIA.
Berkeley, Oct. 18. (Special.) No ex
aminations will be held in California
this year for the Rhodes scholarship.
It has been definitely stated by author
ities In the University of Oxford that
appointees under the Rhodes scholar
ship will be received usn Oxford this
year, but under the new system of elec
tion, 1915 is to be considered a blank
year for California.
Xew Way to Celebrate Apple Day.
National Apple day tomorrow will
be observed by the Oregon-Washington
Railroad & Navigation Company
with an "APPle-Cooking Contest." full
particulars of which are announced in
the large advertisement on page 8 of
this paper. Adv.
SCENE IN WAKE OF BATTLE TN BELGIUM.
Photo Copyrighted
FOR DYING FRENCH SOLDIER WHOSE
R
oya.
PETS ALSO SUFFER
Dogs and Cats Among Numer-
. ous Refugees in Paris.
POUND IS OVERCROWDED
Le Figaro, However, Reassures Sen
sitive Lovers of Animals That
Order Has Been Restored
and All Goes Well.
PARIS. Oct. 6. (Correspondence of
the Associated Press.) Human beings
are not the only refugees from the war
zone now harbored In Paris. Homeless
cats and dogs from Belgium and the
stricken cities of Northern France fol
lowed their homeless masters and mis
tresses and have added thousands to
the canine and feline population of the
city. They gave plenty of trouble to
the poundkeeper, whose war-reducea
staff had already enough to do to col
lect the thousands of animal pets aban
doned during the exodus of Parisians
when siege was threatened. The pound
keeper became so overwhelmed that Le
Figaro took cognizance of the situation
in the following article:
"The horrors of war do not prevent
lovers of animals from continuing sen
sible to the sufferings of their proteges;
especially cats and dogs for the poor
horses are no longer a question in our
cities.
"We have received complaints from
certain animal lovers who feel compas
sion for the cruel treatment of which
these animals have been the object at
the pound.
"We have made inquiries. Let sensi
tive persons console themselves.
"In these last weeks the exodus of
the unfortunate populations of the
north brought to Paris a certain quan
tity of stray cats.
"Dogs were also 'Belgian refugees
"And then there has been the disper
sion in Paris of cats and dogs aban
doned by their masters at the time of
by Underwood efc Underwood
REGIMENT HAS PASSED ON.
To the Ladies of Portland
MRS. KATE B. VAUGHN, the lecturer in THE
OREGONIAN'S Free School of Home Economics, uses
U - 'SI
xclusiveiy
Teachers of cookery, and baking experts generally use
Royal Baking Powder because they know it can always be
relied upon to make the finest and most wholesome food.
Experience has taught them that it is not economy to
risk the loss of flour, butter and eggs by the failure likely
to result, from the use of an inferior Baking Powder.
Royal Baking Powder Contains No Alum
Perfectly leavens and leaves no unhealthf ul residues in the food.
the panic, the beginning of September.
It is thus that the pound has had to re
ceive nve times' as many prisoners as
usual. Mobilization reduced its person
nel by two-thirds and its wagons have
been requisitioned. The animals have
consequently suffered and the care of
them has perforce been InsulBclent for
some days.
"But now all goes well. Order has
been re-established at the pound. The
dogs are again almost happy. The cats
also." .
FLEET IS IN SIX DIVISIONS
Italian King Soon to Review Xavj
Just Mobilized.
ROME. Oct. 18. (Special.) Since the
mobilization the government of the
fleet has been withheld from the pub
lic, but the Duke of the Abruzzi. commander-in-chief
of the Italian navy.
now announces that six divisions have
been formed.
TCach division is commanded by a
Rear-Admiral and consists of dread
noughts or other battleships, nrst-class
and second-class cruisers. training
ships and old type war vessels, beside
torpedo-boats, submarines and scout
ships and a destroyer flotilla.
The King will visit Taranto shortly
and review the mobilized fleet. The re
view will be most important, owing to
the trials of the new 11-mile range
guns, which will be fired against the
old war vessel Congienza, which has
been converted into a target.
I
4000 RUSSIANS CAPTURED
German Embassy Informed Guns
Also Were Taken Xear Schlrwindt
WASHINGTON. Oct. 18. This was the
text of an official message to the Ger
man Embassy from Berlin today:
"In the French war theater there are
no important developments to report.
"In the district of Suwalki. in Rus
sia, the Russians kept quiet yesterday.
The number of Russian prisoners taken
near bchriwindt has increased to 4000
and more guns have been taken. The
righting near and south of Warsaw is
continuing. "
NINE YEARS OF HONEST DEN
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Dr. PAUL C YATES
WE HAVE CUT PRICES
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Be sure to attend to" any skin dis
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Drive it away quickly with the use of
Poslam. Poslam Is antiseptic, kills
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Your druggist sells Poslam. For
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Poslam Soap soothes tender skin, im
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v ' . if
airing ' Powder
EULOGY HEALS BREACH
WATTERSOS ACCEPTS INVITATION
TO LUNCH WITH WILSON.
Tribute to President's Wife by Kea-
' tacky Editor Is Beginning; of
Peace Neaotlatloas.
WASHINGTON. Oct. 18. Peace be
tween President Wilson and Colonel
Henry Watterson. editor of the Louis
ville Courier-Journal, was assured last
night. Tomorrow the two statesmen
will pledge friendship in the White
House.
Colonel Watterson arrived in Wash
ington late today and immediately ar
rangements were made for him to take
lunch with the President tomorrow.
From the manner in which the Colonel
accepted the Invitation, it was evi
dent the breach, which gave rise to his
attacks on Mr. Wilson as the Demo
cratic nominee, will be entirely healed.
Willi!
The General says:
want
year,
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The meeting between Mr. Watterson
and the President will be the first since
the Manhattan Club dinner in New
York. In 1912. when the break between
the two occurred.
It appears that indirect peace nego
tiations between the President and Mr.
Watterson were opened following Mrs.
Wilson's death, when Colonel Watter
son personally wrote a touching tribute
to Mrs. Wilson in his editorial columns.
The President was deeply affected by
the expression of sympathy and asked
Colonel Watterson to visit him in the
White House.
Prisoners Reported Deported.
BERLIN. Oct. 18. (By Wireless
The official bureau today gave out the
following:
following: "The Rech, a Russian paper,
says that Russia deports prisoners of
war, even officers, to Siberia. Anglo
Indian troops have brought the plague
to Cairo. Already 50 deaths have uc.
curred."
D-wton an! uncertainty hunt over Ger
man business last var. despite tbe fact th9
outnut of coal and iron was the larirest in
htstorv. rstlwav freleht receipts higher than
In 1912. Imports Increased slightly and ex
ports hv u ner rn:.
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33
Durability
Guaran-reecf
BTjsrarEss
FBOSFSKITT.
Wo
Reason
for Industrial
Depression.
Prosperity is a happy state. It de
pends upon good credit, stable prices,
employment of wasre earners, and a
general confidence in the future.
Of late there seems to have been an
unnecessary amount of business de
pression, due mostly to the lack of
fairness of one class toward another,
and to a little dishonesty or overfrrasp-lng-
scattered through all the classes,
but not in a majority of any of them.
In a country of our enormous natu
ral wealth, we should have little to
worry about. The United States, with
its insular possessions and Alaska, is
nearly as large as Europe. Our coasts
are Indented with excellent harbors
and intersected by internal waterways,
and we have, by far. the finest and
cheapest cost railroad transportation in
the whole world, making- communica
tion cheap and easy. We have tre
mendous water power and every va
riety of climate and soil. Maerniflcent
forests cover a (Treat area of our terri
tory. Our land is liberally stocked
with almost every variety of mineral
wealth, and with our vast agricultural
wealth we lead the world in. a great
many things.
When corporations are renovated and
their ills aired by publicity, and when
business men begin to feel a renewed
confidence, and when political "cure
alls." who have never made a success of
their own affaire, ouit offering "reme
dies" for all sorts of imaginary troubles;
when we have full publicity In politics
and in government: when business
managers and employees treat each
other fairly, the causes for apparent
depression will disappear and real pros
perity will return and stay with us.