VOL. L.TV.XO. 16,786.
PORTLAND. OREGON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1914.
PRICE FIVE CENTS.
V
y
OFFENSIVE AGAIN
Germans Driven Out of
Aerschot.
RETREAT MADE TO LOUVAIN
Large Area Is Flooded
t Hamper Attackers.
to
MAIN BATTLE CONTINUES
Elr John French Reports British
Have Burled 2 00 German Deaa
mad Taken 12 Maxim Guns,
Besides Prisoners.
ROTTERDAM (via London), Sept- 10.
A dispatch to the Courant dated
Breda, Holland, reports that a heavy
engagement took place Wednesday at
Aerschot, Belgium, nine miles north
east of Louvain, when the Belgians at
tacked the garrison there.
As a result of the fighting the Ger
mans evacuated the town, and the Bel-
elans hoisted their colors and liber
ated 26 priests found In a church.
LONDON. Sept. 10. An Ostend dis
patch to the Exchange Telegraph Com
pany says: .
"According to information from a re
liable source, the Belgian army at
Antwerp has assumed a triumphant of
tensive movement, driving the Ger
mans' right back to the environs of
Louvain."
Belgians Flood 70 Square Miles.
An official dispatch Issued in Berlin
and received here tonight by the Mar
coni Wireless Telegraph Company
says:
"In an engagement at Ordeghem, on
the railway between Antwerp and
Ghent, the Belgian troops withdrew.
"The country south of Antwerp has
been flooded by the Belgians to pre
vent the Germans from marching into
the town. The area covered by the
flood is 70 square miles. The water
varies in depth at different places from
a few Inches te several feet"
Engagement In Progress.
A Reuter dispatch from Ostend says
that according to soldiers who have ar
rived there it would appear that an
engagement is in progress between the
Belgians and the Germans, who are
withdrawing towards France.
Reports from the fighting in France
received in London Indicate that prob
ably the fiercest struggle is against
the French center between Rheims and
Verdun, while the British army is con
testing the second hard-fought engage
ment against the German right- The
Germans are believed to be attacking
the French right from Verdun to
Nancy.
German Report Admits Reverses.
"The first official admission on the
German side of success by the allies,"
says a Central News dispatch from
Amsterdam, "appears in official com
munications issued in Berlin today.
General Von Stein announces that the
German army, which had advanced
across the Marne to the east of Paris,
t as heavily attacked by the enemy
between Paris. Meaux and Montmirail.
"The fighting lasted two days. The
German army had checked the enemy
and had even Itself advanced but
stronger hostile columns came to the
assistance of the allies and the enemy
won the battle, compelling the German
troops to retire. Fifty guns were cap
tured by the allies and some thousands
of men made prisoners.
"To the west of Verdun fighting con
tinues. The situation in Lorraine and
the Yosges is unchanged."
French Moving In Alsace.
Lesser fighting is in progress In
Alsace. From this province the Ger
mans appear to have drawn away part
of their army and the French are tak
ing advantage of this opening.
A dispatch to the Central News from
Amsterdam says:
'Report from Putten, in the Neth
erlands, near the Belgian border, indi
cate that skirmishing in which the ar
tillery is engaged has occurred north
east of Antwerp. Many houses near
Putten were demolished by the Belgians
to provide an unobstructed field for
the artillery.
Antwerp Forts Strengthened.
"The inefficiency of the forts at
Antwerp, through the failure of the
Kr'jpps to carry out their contract, has
been made good, and Antwerp is now
considered nearly impregnable.
"It is understood that only 20,000
German troops are between Antwerp
mi.: Brussels, mainly from the Land
strum. "Prince Baudouin de Ligne died in
Antwerp yesterday as a result of
wounds received in fighting. He was
only IS years old."
British Bury German Dead.
The official press bureau has given
cut the following statement:
The battle continued yesterday. The
enemy has been driven back aifaior.g
the line. Sir John French reports that
our first corps has buried 200 German
dead and taken 12 Maxim guna Some
prisoners also were taken.
"Our second army corps has captured
150 prisoners and a battery. The Ger
mans suffered heavily. Their men are
stated to be exhausted.
"British troops have crossed the river
Marne la a northerly direction."
Field Marshal French's telegram
BELGIAN
ARM
BULLETINS
LONDON, Sept. 10. A dispatch to the
Dally Telegraph from Copenhagen an
nounces that a German squadron of 31
shins. Including battleships, cruisers
and torpedo-boat destroyers has been
observed at various points alone the
Gulf of Bothnia, steaming east.
LONDON, Sept. 10. A dispatch to the
Eichann Telearanh Company from
Ghent says t "It is estimated that from
30,000 to 40,000 German sailors have ar
rived during the past two dsys at Brus
sels. This indicates that the German
reserve is completely mobilised."
ROME, via London, Sept. 10. The
Tribuna's Vienna correspondent snys
6000 wounded arrived in Vienna on
Tuesday, 5000 on Monday nnd 9000 on
last Sunday. About a third of these
are Germans. Budapest and Prague
also report the arrival of large num
bers of wounded.
TOKIO, Sept. 10. The declaration
was made by the Foreign Office to
day that there was no truth in the re
port circulated In Tofclo and elsewhere
that Japan had been in negotiation
with Great Britain concerning the dis
patch of a Japanese army to Germany.
LONDON, Sept. 10. A dispatch to the
Star from Newcastle says that the
tramp steamer Ottawa struck a mine
off Northumberland yesterday and
went down. So far as is known, none
of the crew of 2d men was saved.
LONDON, Sept. 10. That German
prisoners be pressed into the service in
the highly hazardous work of sweeping
the North Sea mines wa a suggestion
made in the House of C ibns today
Great Britain now ha Any small
boats engaged In this ti and German
prisoner crews under tlsh officers
would handle such c , If the plan
outlined were sdopted
BOHDEAUX, Sept. . Minister of
War Mlllerand has h t a circular note
to the Generals co Aandlnff the ev
eral districts of Fra e ordering them
to Institute a vigorous search for all
persons who have failed to respond for
military service as required.
LONDON, Sept. 10. A dispatch to the
Post from Paris says ' that a French
military biplane, caught in an air
pocket above Bols de Vincennes fell,
killing two aviators and four persons
in the street. Four other persons were
severely injured.
LONDON, Sept. 10--Prince Friedrlch
of lie vie, eldest son of Prince Carl of
Hesse, and an officer in the Hanao
Uhlans, has been seriously wounded in
France, and Colonel Ernest Slorltx von
Arendt has been killed, according to a
Copenhagen dispatch to the Evening
New.
PEKIN. Sept. -10. The elements have
delayed unexpectedly the Japanese ad
vance onNsius-'I au. Floods cover the
surrounding country and are spreading
and beyond Wel-Hslen. It in aald It
may be months before the Japanese can
begin their investment of the strong
hold, which now can be reached only
by boat.
LONDON, Sept. 10. The battle of
Belgrade has been renewed with in
creased fury, according to a Niah dis
patch to the Exchange Telegraph Com
pany. Considerable damage has been
done. The Servian batteries are reply
ing to the Austrian fire.
LONDON, Sept. 10. In a dispatch
from Copenhagen the correspondent of
the Evening New says that the fifth
and sixth Bavarian casualty lists and
the fifth Saxon list have been pub
lished. They Include two officers and
63 men killed, three officers and 201
men wounded, and 117 men missing.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 10. The grat
itude of the French government to the
American people for the equipment of
the steamer lied Cross and her dis
patch to harope was expresseu to sec
retary Bryan .today by Jules Jusserand,
the French Ambassador.
VENICE!, via Paris, Sept. 10. The I
Italian cruiser Piemonte has been re-
railed home from Somailland, East
Africa.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 10. A. Rustem
Bey. the Turkish Ambassador, was ad
vised today by his government that all
conventions between the powers and
Turkey conferring special privileges or
restricting the sovereignty of the Porte,
have been abrogated.
PARIS, Sept. m. During the four
days battle, says an official commu
nication Issued tonight, "the allies
have pushed back the Germans 00 kilo.
meters (approximately 37 miles) and
taken many prisoners and machln
guns.
LONDON, Sept. 11. According to
Petrograd dispatch to the Exchange
Telegraph Company, It Is believed i
there that the German Crown Prince j
has been appointed commander-in-
chief of the forces against Russia.
LONDON, Sept. 10. King George
spent the day with his troops at one
of the great military depots. He was
In uniform.
AMSTERDAM, via London, Sept. 10.-
Ex-Mlnlster of War Colyn, discussing
in De Jo age, the main organ of the
Young Men's Christian Association, the
probable remodeling of the map of !
Europe as a result of the war, says it
mn be necessary for Holland to re-1
nounce her neutrality In order to have
a vote la the concert of the powers.
RISE IN SHOES FORECAST!
Wholesalers Plnce Blame on War
Going On in Europe.
NEW YORK, Sept. 10. "The cost of!
shoes is going up." according to a
statement Issued here tonight by
committee representing the delegates
to a conference of the National Shoe
Wholesalers' Association and the Na
tional Retailers' Association.
This statement places the plame on
the European conflict, which has se
riously curtailed the importation of
ALLIES DETERMINE
10 CRUSH ENEMY
Peace Rumors Dashed
by President.
"OFFICIAL" MOVE IS LACKING
Conference With Grey of Eng
lishman's Seeking.
BRITISH POSITION DEFINED
Sir Edward Says He Did Not Want
to Appear to Be Blocking Peace
If Emperor William Had
Really Advocated It.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 10. There Is
no present prospect of peace In Europe
through the efforts of diplomacy.
President Wilson himself set at rest
today any hope that peace rumors were
In the making by revealing that no
intimation had been conveyed to him
officially from any quarter of a readi
ness on the part of the one or more of
the belligerents to talk peace.
The day's developments emphasized
that Great Britain, France and Russia
were grimly determined to make no
peace until they had decisively broken
Germany and Austria, Great Britain's
position waa explained in detail at
London by Sir Edward Grey to Ambas
sador Page, who made a long report
to President Wilson.
Blow Aimed at Militarism.
The British Foreign Secretary de
clared England had not sought war,
but sin co it was forced on her, she was
Irrevocably bent on crushing forever
the dangers of German militarism to
the world
Sir Edward also referred to what he
termed the spoliation by Germany of
the neutral territory of Belgium and
pointed out that the allies would ex
pect redress for that action.
The conference between the Amer
ican Ambassador and the British For
eign Secretary is said to have occurred
on the initiative of the latter. Sir
Edward Grey, it is understood, ex
plained that in view of newspaper ru
mors to the effect that Germany was
ready to make peace. Great Britain did
not want to appear in the light of
blocking the move while Emperor Wil
liam assumed the role of peace advo
cate. Occupied Territory in Way.
To make peace now, while German
troops held Belgium and a large part
of France, might cause Germany to
exact unreasonable terms on the basis
of occupied territory, according to the
British view.
Asked whether the message he had
received from Emperor William yes-
(Concluded on Page 2.)
j wAw Tit Iff kl
! k iiiP A
INDEX OF TODAY'S NEWS
The Weather.
YESTERDAY'S Maximum temperature, 76
degrees; minimum, 51 degrees.
TODAY'S Unsettled, probably shower",
cooler; variable winds, mostly westerly.
War.
Pope urges peace. Para 4.
Allies determine to crush Germans before
peace. Page 1.
British reported victorious over 400 Ger
mans in Nyassaland, British Central
Africa. Page 3.
British retreat made stubbornly. Page 5.
Bel clan Commission to call on President ar
rives on Celtic. Page 4.
Belgians turn on Germans, driving them
back on Louvain. Page 1.
Turkey abrogates treaties with powers.
Page 1
New York bankers ready to underwrite $80,-
000, 000 or debt due In Europe. Page a.
Eight American correspondents flee from
uerman guara ana reach Holland sateiy
Page l.
Premier gets rrant of 500,000 more men for
.British an iy. Page 2.
Text of Kalse 's protest to President Wilson
is telegraphed from Rotterdam. Page B
Kaiser says France will be subjugated at
all costs. Page 2.
Koenlgsber bombarded and part of city In
Foreign.
James Gordon Bennett marries Baroness de
Keuter. Page 7.
National.
President heeds plea of railroads. Page 7
Conference held to develop means of getting
trade of south America. Page 3.
Domestic.
Industrial relations committee continues Los
Angeles hearing. Page 6.
Pacific Northwest.
Turner leads Black for Democratic Sena
torial place on ballot. Page 9.
Vancouver show too good to miss. Page 8.
Sports. v
Schuster, promising "Aggie" athlete, breaks
shoulder. Pace 14. .
Coast League results: Portland VLos
les 4; Oakland 5, San Francisco o; Venice
4. Missions 3. Page 14.
Race for National pennant most sesious busi
ness. Paa 14. Ja
Federals to make raid on CJoast League,
three already applying for posts. Page Id,
Beavers do Angels brown, 7 to i Page 14
Commercial and Marine.
Advance In American sngsr markets Is re
sumed, page 19.
Talk of tariff removal causes break in wheat
prices at Chicago. Page 19.
Port of Portland Commission Is In quest of
more adequate dredge. Page IS.
Portland and Vicinity.
Portland school teacher mistaken for "movie
queen" In many cities. Page 8.
Addison Bennett says Vancouver Fair Is too
good to miss. Page 8.
Judge Benson sends second letter In reply
to Governor West. Page v.
President Sproule, of Southern Pacific, sees
no cause for worry. Page 13.
Five pieces of property auctioned at Jacobs
and Rich companies' sale. Page 13.
Weather report, data and forr last. Page 15.
Doctors omit war topic. Pai t 8.
BERLIN'S LOSSES HEAVY
Casualties to Garris n, Now at
Front, Estimated i t 42,000.
PARIS, Sept 10. According to a
Munich report received here, the Ber
lin garrison alone has lost 42,000 men
killed or wounded In the war thus far.
The Munich report evidently refers
to men ot the Berlin garrison who
went to the front at the outbreak of
the war.
iAHrvaln Jesuits Escape.
LONDON, Sept. 11. A Jesuit priest,
who escaped from Louvain before the
destruction of that city, has written his
father, Philip Cooley, of this city, as
follows:
"All our people escaped except 11
scholastics. One of these was shot at
once as he had a diary of the war on
his person. The others were taken to
Brussels, where they were to have been
shot, but the American Minister stepped
in and stopped it. He told the Ger
mans that his government would de
clare war if any of these persons were
shot."
OK HIS WAY.
8 WAR REPORTERS
FLEE 10 ROLL
Americans Held by
Germans Escape,
ONE SEES HIS OWN GRAVE DUG
Jail Was Dynamite Place
Where Prisoners Smoked.
INSANE OFFICER TAUNTS
News -Ien X5w Safe Are Only Ones
to Follow " GfeYinan Army for
Fortnight tLtnis, Cobb, Ben-
nett ' -and Others Free.
ROTTERDAM (via London). Sept. 10.
American correspondents who ac
companied the Gsfman army for nearly
two weeks across Belgium and into
France found themselves safe today on
Dutch soil after being held prisoners
by the Germans for four days under
unusual circumstances. The Associated
Press correspondent reached Rotter
dam late last night.
For the last week the party had been
under surveillance at Alx-la-Chapelle,
whither they had been taken on a train
with prisoners from Beaumont. Bel
?ium. The party included Roarer Lewis
of the Associated Press; Irvin S. Cobb,
of the Saturday Evening Post and the
Philadelphia Ledger; James O'Donnell
Bennett and John T. McCutcheon. of
the Chicago Tribune, and Harry Han
sen, of the Chicago Daily News.
Reporters See Flft-nt-D?.
With them on the trip to Aix-la-
Chapelle were three other correspond
ents, Maurice Gerbauld, a Belgian cor
respondent; Lawrence Stein Stevens, an
American artist, formerly of Detroit,
and Victoria Hennebeard, King Albert's
special photographer.
The party of five Americans left
Brussels August 23 with special mill
tary passes and were the only corre
spondents who were successful in fol
lowing the German army.
One Sentenced to Death.
Lawrence Stein Stevens, an American
artist, who was a fellow prisoner of
the correspondents from Beaumont to
Vix-la-Chapelle, underwent a frightful
ordeal at the hands of a demented
German Lieutenant, who sentenced him
to be shot as an English spy.
Stevens left Brussels August 24 in
an automobile with King Albert's pho
tographer, Victor Hennebeard, and i
Belgian correspondent, with the Inten
tion of making sketches on the battle
field. Unknown to Stevens, the Belgian
correspondent carried a camera and the
Red Cross insignia, in express viola'
tion of the rules of war. At Laneffe,
(Concluded on Pace 2.)
AND
Thursdays War Moves
i ... . . r
IT
K crucial battle of the war In
ranee, news of which ! still con
fined to British and French source,
is still devoid of decisive result. The
commander of the British expedition.
Field Marshal Sir John French, report
ed tnVt the Germans had been driven
back all along the line: that the British
had crossed the River Marne; that the
Germans had suffered severely and that
their men were supposed to be In an
exhausted condition.
Notwithstanding this report, military
writers In the London papers report
that from the conservative terms ot
the French official statement It Is too
early to predict the result ot a battle
extending over a front of nearly 100
miles. Three million men Is the num
ber estimated to be engaged actively
and as reserves, and three great battles
at least are in progress.
The great battle may continue tor
days, when it Is remembered that
smaller operations in Manchuria, In
which hundreds ot thousands only
were concerned, lasted a fortnlgnt-
British military writers find con
siderable satisfaction in the state
ment of the French and British of
ficial reports that "In the center our
advance Is slow but general." It Is
pointed out by those writers that the
allies had prepared their center for
the most formidable and dangerous at
tack, which, if successful, would have
divided their forces. This evidence
that the German rushing tactics had
been at least temporarily countered
has given more courage to British opti
mists who believe that the Germans
are feeling the pressure and have
found it necessary to hurry reinforce
ments from Belgium and practically
denude Upper Alsace of troops that are
being rushed to the central fighting
zone.
That the Germans are going to have
the Belgians still further to reckon
with is indicated by dispatches (one of
them from Berlin) showing renewed
fighting between Antwerp and Ghent.
One version is that the Belgians drove
the ciemy out of Aerschot and raised
their flag there. Another message says
the Germans have been driven back to
the environs of Louvain. The numbers
engaged are not given, but there is no
reason to believe the Germans have
left a large force In Belgium, the ob
vious strategy being to go no farther
than to prevent, if possible, the Bel
gians from giving material assistance
to the allies, but to do this while at the
same time sparing as few men as pos
sible from the big battleground.
Most of the troops left in Belgium
are said to be men past the prime of
life, of the Landsturm, while 30,000 or
40,000 naval reserves are marching In
to replace the depleted garrisons.
From Holland comes the news that
60000 German reinforcements are
marching south. These troops may
have an effect upon the tide of battle,
but there Is reason to believe the allied
armies also are receiving a counter
balancing accession of strength.
In the eastern scene of operations.
Austrian official sources deny that the
Russians have won extensive victories,
but Swiss returning from Vienna de
clare It Is reported there that the in
vaders already are in the passes of the
Carpathian Mountains. Petrograd de
clares that on the eastern frontier ot
Germany the Russian advance Is occu
pying almost a straight line from Koe-
nigsberg on the Baltic in East Prussia
to Cracow. The Russians are said to
be driving the Germans before them on
the west bank of the Vistula. It Is
reported the Austrlans have begun
evacuating Cracow. According to Ser
vian advices, Servian troops have
crossed the river Save and are sue
cessfully Invading Hungary. Monte
nogrln troops are In Bosnia, hoping to
Incite a revolution In that Austrian
province.
The House of Commons voted unani
mously for 00,000 more recruits. The
country was surprised by the an
nouncement that 450,000 men already
had been enlisted since the beginning
of the war. When the government's
plans are completed, the British army
for the. continent and for home service
will consist roughly of the following:
Regular army, 1,200,000: territorials.
300, J00; reserves, 214,000: Indian con
tingent. 70,000; Canadian first and sec
ond contingents, 40,000: Australians. 20,
000 and New Zealand, 10,000 making
total of 1,854,000 men.
This tremendous enrollment for a
country which normally has only a
small professional army, has thrown
light upon the government's views re
garding the duration of the war, or at
least, upon Its determination to meet
all possibilities.
A casualty list published last night
brings the army's losses to nearly
19,000 men, exclusive of the past three
days' fighting.
That the German navy has not been
without enterprise is revealed in the
admiralty announcement today that the
British cruiser Pathfinder was de
stroyed by a German submarine, not
by a mine, as was at first supposed.
Also a German squadron of 31 vessels,
includrng battleships, cruisers and de
stroyers, was observed In the Gulf of
Bothnia.
The British navy Is said to have ac
complished a daring, although unpro
ductive, attempt to draw the German
battle fleet into action. A great array
of squadrons and flotillas made a sweep
into the North Sea for two days, pene
trating into the bight of Heligoland,
but failed to discover any German
craft.
Another mine disaster, the victim of
which was the tramp steamer Ottawa,
has been added to the list and the ad
visability of closing the North Sea to
merchant shipping is being discussed.
Both England and Germany would suf
fer through strangulation of their
trade. England losing food supplies
from Scandinavian countries, while
Holland promised to be Germany's
principal avenue of commerce with the
TURKEY ABROGATES
SPECIAL TREATIES
Privileges of Foreign.
ers Abolished,
RULE OF POWERS REPUDIATED
'War Is Turkey's Opportunity,'
Says Ambassador.
NO REPLY IS EXPECTED
Diplomats Predict Allies Will in
Subject Rest I mil Close of War.
Restrictions Imposed Have
Long Been Irksome.
WASHINGTON. Sept. 10. A. Rustem
Bey, the Turkish Ambassador, was ad
vised today by his government that all
conventions between the powers and
Turkey conferring special privileges or
restricting the sovereignty of the Porte
have been abrogated.
The Ambassador made this announce
ment: "A cablegram to the Turkish Ambas
sador from the Ottoman Minister of
Foreign Affairs states that by Imperial
Irade the Ottoman government has ab
rogated as from October 1 next the
conventions known as the capitulations
restricting the sovereignity of Turkey
In her relations with certain powers.
All Prlvlleare. Also Repealed.
"All privileges and immunities acces
sory to these conventions or Issuing
therefrom are equally repealed. Havlng
thus freed itself from what was an la
tolerable obstacle to all progress In the
empire, the Imperial government had
adopted as the basis ot Its relations
with the other powers the general prln
clples of international law."
In the rights revoked has rested the
legsl status of American missionaries
In Turkey, permitting them to main
tain churches, hospitals and schools In
religious 'reedom. Administration of
ficials declined tonight to discuss the
effect of the action on American mis
sions. "The removal of every kind of priv
ileges enjoyed by the powers In ex
cess of what the general principles ot
international law allow Is the mean
ing of this step," A. Rustem Bey said
tonight. ' "This war Is Turkey's op
portunity." No latlmatloa of War la (ilvea.
No Intimation was given by the Am
bassador whether the action tors
shadowed war on Great Britain, with
out whose consent In the past no such
radical action would have been at
tempted Among diplomats of the allied pow
ers, however, the belief prevailed to
night that Turkey was appealing to the
nationalist sentiment of ' her people,
and was ready to seise on any diffi
culties thst may arise with Great
Britain as a pretext to declare war.
The Turkish Ambassador made
known the action of his government In
a public announcement after It had
been communicated to Secretary Bryan
by him today as a formal note from the
Ottoman Empire.
As early as loot the sovereigns ot
Constantinople granted charters of ex
tra territorial privileges, called "capit
ulations." from the fact that they were
divided Into chaptera. The Venetians
were the first granted the right of trial
by Judges appointed In Venice and per
manently residing In Constantinople.
Fewer Prevleaaly V aiaverable.
Immediately after the yound Turks
gained control ot the government, the
powers were sounded as to posslbls
abrogation of ths capitulations. The
reply was unfavorable. It being held
that the new regime should Justify Its
ability to govern wisely and administer
Justice fairly before the powers would
surrender the rights under which their
clttsens In Turkey were protected.
Today's declaration, so far as I known.
was not prefaced by any such discus
sion wtth the powers.
The Turkish Ambassador described
the privileges abrogated as relating to
economics and the administration of
Justice.
In the economic field, he aald, the
Turkish government cannot tlx or
change the customs duties without the
consent of the foreign powers. Itor
can the Turkish government Impose a
professional tax on foreigners because
the powers bav not consented, ana a
great discrimination has been mad
against tho natives.
In the administration of Justice the
Ottoman government Is not tree to deal
with culprits of foreign nations in th.
matter of certain trials without Inter
vention ot the representatives ut the
foreign ambassador or minister to
which the culprit owed allegiance. In
certain cases foreigners cannot. De im
prisoned In the nstlve prisons, but only
m those ut the consulatss.
Bestrlrtloa Welsba Heavily.
These restrictions weigh beavUy on
the Oottoman state, both materially
and morally; materially, by depriving It
of the financial rosources which other
countries are free to create according
to their discretion. In that way Ter
key has been prevented from Introduo-
ng those reforms which It has been
accused of delaying precisely by those
powers, who. owing to the enjoyment
of those privileges, stood In the way ot
progressive action on the part of the
government; morally. It has deprived
Turkey of that confidence huh full
Independence gives to a state. Le-
iCo&ciud4 on fi.x
hides and skins,
.......... ...
4
outer world, .
i . ... - va Pag 4,1
I