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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 22, 1914)
THE MORNING OREGO4NIAN, SATURDAY. AUGUST 22, 1914. g ffc (ShTftpnriait PORTLAND. OREGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon. Postofflce as Second-class matter. . Subscription Rates Invariably In Advance. (By Mall) Dally. Sunday Included, one year Dally. Sunday Included, alz montha -? Dally. Sunday Included three months. . J. Daily, Sunday Included, one month -j Daily, without Sunday, one year " Dully, without Sunday, alx montha Dally, without Sunday, three montha... Daily, without Sunday, one month J" Weekly, one year f! Sunday, one year Sunday and Weekly, one yea:- "" (BY CARRIER) Dally. Sunday Included, one year 8-9? Daily. Sunday Included, one month How to Remit Send Postofflce money or der, express order or personal check on your local bank- stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give Postofflce addreaa In full. Including- county and state. Postage Kate 12 to It pages. 1 cent; 18 to 32 pages, 2 cents; 34 to 48 page. cents: 60 to 60 pages. 4 cents; 6 to 76 pages, o cents: 7 tc 9 2 pages, 6 cents. Foreign post age, double rates. Eastern Business Office Verrea cnJ; llr.. New Tork, Brunswick building. Chi cago. Steger building. (ian Franciaco Office R. J. Bldwell Co., T;j Market street. ' PORTLAND. SATURDAY. AUGUST 22. 1014. CALLING THE OLDER MEN TO ARMS. Much significance attaches itself to the announcement that Austria has added all able-bodied men to the col ors. This may be accepted as an In dication that Austria must bear the brunt of the fight with Russia for some time, the German plan of crush ing France having developed into one calculated to call for the major por tion of Germany's military energies. The latest mobilization order makes It clear that Germany and Austria fee plainly the gigantic task before them and reajize that Germany must be left free to shower her staunchest blows In her westward campaigns. In taking this move Austria calls out a formidable army, so far as sheer numbers are concerned. The Aus trian first line, numbering less than 600,000 men, could form but a tem porary stumbling block to the tremen dous Russian advance. Yet the Aus trian potential military' strength reaches large proportions. The con centration of her full war strength, young and old. gives Austria an army of 1,820,000 men. These have all seen service with the colors. The common army comprises the young men, men who have not yet passed their 30th year. In the reserve forces are the Landwehr, or men whose terms of ac tive service have expired, and the Hungarian Honved, all men who have had military training in the Austrian service. Back of this is an Immense available force of trained and un trained men, the total aggregating 3,500,000, to use the Austrian com putation. . Just how much of a match the hun dreds of thousands of untrained men will prove against the Russian forces remains to be seen. Should the Rus sian concentration on the German and Austrian borders become heavy, Aus tria would require her full force to meet the situation, for Russia can throw out a first line of 2.911.500 ijien, all fairly well trained and nearly Half comprising -the regular establish ment. Slow as the Russian mobiliza tion of large forces from distant points may be, it is readily assumed that Russia can throw in trained and equipped reserves far more rapidly than Austria can train, equip and for ward levies. Besides, Russian re sources are barely tapped when her first line is exhausted. Her total force of trained men is computed by Eng lish military statisticians at 5,400,000 men of all arms. The Austrian purpose in calling for all available men, young and old, at this early stage of the war. Is clearly to prepare for the Russian menace, but it is possible that before many weeks or months the other powers Will find themselves required to take similar measures. Germany has avail able a force of 4.300,000 men, all of Whom have had some military train ing, although It is with her magnifi cent first line of 1,500,000 regular es tablishment and younger reservists that she hopes to pursue the aggres sive war launched by the Kaiser. France likewise has an immense re gerve of citizen soldiers, the total be ing computed at 4,500.000, of which number, however, fully 2,000,000 must be classed as older reserves men approaching the 40 mark and there fore not highly effective for war purposes. It Is when the millions of older men are called into service that the thing begins to pall on the people of a country. These are the men of fami lies, the nation's breadwinners, men who have made their adjustments in the world. They are the professional men, the business men, the merchants, the mechanics and laborers. They have reached a stage 1 of life when they are incapable of long-sustained enthusiasm in the game of war. Only the direst necessity, a veritable strug gle for national existence, can serve to keep them in the field for a pro tracted period. It is just such a situ ation that now looms In the Austrian mind. Austrian existence is directly threatened. When the European war reaches such a stage, if it does, that other countries are compelled to mob ilize the older men and put them in the field, the end will be not far distant. GENETICS. According to some authorities a bil lion dollars a year have' been added to the income from productive indus tries in the United States by the appli cation of genetics, or the science of breeding. . When this science is ap plied to human beings it is called eu genics but the principles are not al tered. The human race Is subject to the same laws of heredity as all other .living creatures and our minds and bodies may be improved or deteri orated by the same methods. The conceit of mankind often seeks to es cape from these laws but all such ef forts, are Absurd. If we would pro duce a better race of human beings we must go about It much in the same I way as we do to produce better horses Tind cattle or an improved strain of wheat. The first step which breeders take .when they wish to raise the standard of any species is to prevent the weak land unfit specimens from propagating. Having isolated those of two allied stocks which give the best promise for the future they proceed to cross the Individuals in the hope that new and desirable qualities may be brought out. The generation thus brought into "oelng Is examined for specimens with the traits desired and these are again united. By this process, which is re peated as long as it seems useful, dp basing qualities are gradually elim inated and the better ones brought Into greater and greater prominence. Although this genetic practice is strictly scientific it is extremely sim ple. Any Intelligent person cn carry it out either in the garden or on the stock farm. Many women find enter tainment and profit In .ipplylng gen etics to flowers. In this way new varieties of lilacs, roses, dahlias and other plants are readily discovered, some of .which are likely enough to find a demand in the market. It is Just as easy to produce new varieties of fruits. It was by the simple rules of genetics that Burbank obtained his astonishing results with - walnuts, plums, cacti and many other plants. SHADOWS. Topsy-turveydown in the world's news Is here. The universal interest centers in one topic. A month ago the old earth circled serenely on its axis and in the successive hours pre sented to us various subjects for our eyes and ears and tongues. But how now? General Carranza assumes the Pres idency of Mexico and ends apparently the long turmoil in that country, and gets only brief mention.- The international tennis matches end with the loss of the Davis cup. which is now off for Australia, and the public merely yawns. Sir Thomas Lipton withdraws from the international cup race and there is hardly a ripple of disappointment. Colonel Roosevelt, after a brief struggle to hold his place on the first pages, subsides into desuetude. The momentous International Har vester decision gets a bare mention. Only an event of the first magni tude, such as the death of the Pope, is permitted to vie for a time wittuthe foremost question. What shadows we are! What shad ows we pursue! How long before even the present mighty war will be but a memory? SIXTEEN TO FOUR. Mr. Withycombe, Republican can didate for Governor, is undoubtedly greatly Interested in the resounding warning of trie Evening Journal (Portland) that he is surrounded by a veritable regiment of bad advisers. It is the firm conviction of the Jour nal that he ought to get rid of them instanter and fly to the Journal for advice. Take the subject of the single-item veto, for example. The Journal fre quently breaks out in double-column hysterics over the single-item veto, and is obviously greatly disturbed that Mr. Withycombe has somewhere said that it would be a "two-edged sword" in the hands of a Governor "with a spite." What Mr. Withycombe has said is so clearly true that it com mends itself at once to the approval of every intelligent citizen. Evidently the Journal thinks that Mr. Withy combe ought to repudiate his candid and truthful remark, and declare that the single-Item veto would not be a "two-edged sword" In the hands of a Governor "with a spite." However, if we are to take the tes timony of Dr. Smith, Democratic nominee for Governor (who, by the way, insists that the single-item veto is not an issue in this campaign see his Albany speech), a Democratic Governor can always do effective work in Oregon with his constitution al veto against a Republican Legisla ture. With his little veto, says Dr. Smith. Governor Chamberlain saved the state $1,000,000. Ah, indeed! Dr. Smith was a member of the several Legislatures which passed these various bills. He voted for six teen of the vetoed Chamberlain bills and against four (the four represent ing appropriations of about J100.000). It would be well for Dr. Smith, in his next address, to say whether he as Governor would have vetoed the bills State Senator Smith approved. WAR AND FOOD "RICES. If we may believe fully the testimony of Robert Oxnard, president of the American Beet Sugar Company, the phenomenal rise in the price of sugar is wholly speculative. His company cannot sell 750,000 bags of sugar at the prevailing market prices, and the stock in the hands of Eastern refiners is a three-months' supply. It ought not to be extremely diffi cult to determine by Government in vestigation whether increased prices on any generally used commodity are caused by actual shortage, due to the war or to speculation. There are sta tistics on exports, imports and con sumption at hand. They will tell the story as to many foodstuffs. But after the chief factor in the rise in price is determined, what then? If it be spec ulative how can it be curbed? Take sugar, for example. The short age is not actual but there is reason to believe it is impending. England's stock for consumption is practically exhausted and her source of supply, Germany, is cut off. But England ap parently controls the sea. 'She will become a bidder for sugar at our own sources of supply Hawaii, Porto Rico and the Philippines. Pending large demands at these productive localities are foreseen by the refiners and they boost the price of the supply on hand. But suppose the refiners, by force of public opinion or some other means. could be compelled to maintain peace prices on the sugar now in the coun try. Thev are not the only men or speculative tyrn of mind. Their stock would find its way rapiaiy into me hands of the jobbers who would pur chase for the future in anticipation of the time when the English demand became insistent. If the jobber could be compelled to sell at peace prices the retailer would then buy in anti cipation of a rise in price. If the re tailer could be restrained the fore handed consumers would lay in a bar rel or two each for future needs. The shortage would then become actual so far as the task of supplying the small consumers who are unable to purchase in quantities is concerned, and they comprise the great mass of the people and the -ones on whom the rise in prices falls heaviest.. There is no attempt herein to Jus tify the speculative spirit of the re finer. The effort is merely to show how impossible it is to forestall the effect of a certain future shortage on the price of a non-perishable commod ity of which there is a supply on hand sufficient for immediate needs. With more perishable food products this influence should not have so Ir remediable an effect. There is some thing inconsistent in the assertion by the meat packers that the advance In the price of beef is due solely to the law of supply and demand, when one asserts the packers are losing money owing to a falling off in demand. The papers have led the people to believe that they are paying too much fijr meat and they have refused to buy, is the statement of one packer. The de mand has so diminished that the packers are losing $1.50 on every 100 pounds of meat sold. This situation, if -true, can only in dicate that the packers have bought at . artificial or speculative prices. Growers have exacted from them prices higher than the traffic will bear or the packers have created an artificial market for beef on the hoof. Demand for dressed beef did not cause the high prices because the demand has fallen short of the supply. We cling to the opinion as regards beef that some persons have over-reached themselves. The rise in price of near ly every product coincident with the outbreak of war indicates that the war has given a speculative or at least premature upward trend to the price of meat. It is a virtuous hope that the ones responsible will be tjie ones to suffer. FOR AMERICAN FASHIONS. While American business men, par ticularly American shipping men, are grasping at the opportunities present ed by the European upheaval, we are surprised that the American designers of fashionable apparel are not making themselves heard more vigorously. Now is the time to strike. Now is the time to go into revolt against Paris and establish at least a semblance of independence in matters pertaining to fashion. It may be that the American designers are quietly organizing for this revolt but it is not wise to hide the light of such ambitions under a bushel. Let them, proclaim their pur pose boldly and set about establish ing New York as the new fashion cen ter for the United States. For some years Americans have been feeling this spirit of revolt. Pa risian fashion arbiters have been high .landed in their methods. They have forced upon our fashion-enslaved wo men attire both grotesque and unbe coming. Often they have put for ward effects that were immodest. American designers were able to make some capita! of this, but when they struck out for themselves they ended up with creations that, at most, were mere modifications of the Paris styles. Thus, although we have chafed under the spell of Dame Fashion's edicts from her Parisian headquarters, we have gotten nowhere. Having gained the ascendency through cen turies of endeavor Paris was not to be easily put aside as the dictator. Besides, Paris designers had developed their art to an unequaled height, which fact helped put down the flames of revolt. When of the mind Paris could put out irresistible effects, studying the world's needs and wants with im mense subtlety. But now Paris is adrift in the mael storm of war-time emotions. She is unable to hold the pace. Her func tion as fashion dictator must rest while the passions of warfare rage. The fashion center is demoralized so far as setting new styles is concerned, and right here is the American de signer's opportunity to put out some thing original and compelling. Pos sibly Paris, in more auspicious days. would regain much of her lost power, but the American designer would have established himself in the meantime. We shall await the styles of next Spring with much interest to observe if American designers are seizing the opportunity. FEAR OF LEGISLATURE . v. The advocates of proportional rep- rAHAiitatlnn arsrue in the official pamphlet that its adoption will serve to shorten the initiative and reieren dum ballot. The Oregonian has here tofore pointed out that nineteen of the twenty-nine measures on this ear's ballot are constitutional amend ments which a Legislature, no matter Vinw constituted, would have no power to enact, while none of the remaining ten are minority party measures or such as would be eliminated by puri fying the Legislature by the proposed application of mathematics. In the light of what has been said on this phase of the subject the point Mr. Cram endeavors to make in his letter published today is not quite clear. He says that the preponder ance of Republicans in the Legislature gives them the power to annul stat utes and that therefore the law initia tors submit most rf their measures as constitutional amendments when it would be better if they were present ed as bills. The latter happy result, he believes, would attend the adoption of proportional representation. But a measure is a measure, be it a consti tutional amendment or a simple stat ute. It would not shorten the ballot a bit if every one of the nineteen amendments had title as a simple bill. Mr. Cram Is also wrong in his pos tulate that fear of the Legislature is the reason that so many of the meas ures are constitutional amendments. The disinclination of the Legislature to annul or even amend the "people's laws" is a matter of public record extending over the entire period of the application of direct legislative methods in Oregon. The only changes and they have been few that have been made by the Legislature have been minor or necessary in character and Invariably of acknowledged ad vantage to the public. On the 1914 ballot there are nine teen constitutional amendments.' The great majority distinctly amend spe cific sections of the constitution. ine qualifications of voters which it is proposed to change are fixed by con stitution. The amendment creating the office of Lieutenant-Governor changes the gubernatorial succession as it is now established by constitu tion. Legislators' pay is fixed by con. "stitution; it is proposed In an amend ment to raise it. The term of county officers is fixed by constitution; it is proposed by amendment to lengthen it. The county and city consolida tion amendments authorize processes which are not now authorized by con stitution. State indebtedness is limit ed by constitution; an amendment proposes to enlarge it for certain pur poses. The Senate is created by con stitution; to abolish it an .amendment, such as that offered, must be adopted. Even proportional representation, which is already authorized by consti tution, would be of doubtful validity as applied particularly to members of the Legislature, were it not enacted in the form of a constitutional amend ment, for a section of the constitu tion requires that each member shall be elected by the voters of an estab lished district, while the proportional amendment permits the state at large to vote for members of the lower house. The water-front amendment pro claims a new fundamental law. It would in no sense be a proper or ef fective law if enacted as an ordinary statute. The universal eight-hour-day law would probably be unconsti tutional in several particulars if en acted as an ordinary" statute. The constitution imposes the uniform rule of taxation. Each tax amendment proposed abrogates this rule and for safety all are proposed as amendments. This disposes of seventeen of the nineteen amendments. It is possible that some of them as initiated statu tory laws would hold in opposition to the constitution, inasmuch as the same vote that enacts a law will adopt a constitutional amendment. But as al ready suggested the change in title would not shorten the ballot. The point is that the Legislature could not adopt a single one of them. Propor tional representation, therefore, would not help in the slightest degree to eliminate them from the ballot. There are two other amendments. One is that abolishing the death pen alty. Doubtless an enactment by the Legislature to that effect would be constitutional, but such a law has al ready been rejected by the people. The Legislature, even if made up on the proportionate basis, ' would not have the temerity to pass the bill on its own motion. The remaining amendment is that prohibiting the sale and manufacture of liquor. Per haps a legislative enactment of such character would hold water, but it is a measure that presents a questioj which is peculiarly one for the people to decide. We do not recall that in the days before direct legislation the Prohibitionists ever asked the Legis lature to do more than submit the issue to the voters. The 1914 ballot is much too long. Yet any fair-minded 'Individual who will examine it will be upable to dis cover a single bill or amendment that owes its presence there to the politi cal complexion of the Legislative Assembly. The Lane County News reproduces from the Oregon City Courier, with appropriate comment, a recent state ment by that delectable journal, run ning as follows: "The Oregonian has lined up with this ($1500 exemption) bunch, and is fighting these initiative measures. Do any of you Oregon newspaper men think this big news paper is taking this stand for sweet c harity, when thre is a big war chest with the cover open?" This remark had escaped our attention until re printed in the News. It is the obser vation of The Oregonian, confirmed by long experience, that the cheap grafter, whose mouth is always open for the drippings from the molasses barrel, is the first to think of money in its connection with any cause and to suggest that it influences others. He knows what influences him. The Department of Public Works can simplify the matter by ordering cars to stop ,on the near crossing. They must do so before crossing tracks, and now that nearly all streets with rails are paved and the others soon will be improved, there will be little inconvenience to passengers. Portland has at last outgrown the muddy stage. The strike of the miners at Nanal mo teaches a new chapter of the old lesson. It was called more than a year ago and more than $1,000,000 was spent in strike pay. When the fund was exhausted the aspect changed. This is always the way. The strikers get the worst. Now they are allowed to secure work where they can. Commissioner Daly insists on the ten-party service. If Mr. Daly was on such a line and wanted to use the phone while a young neighbor of the opposite sex was "chinning with her steady" and refused to hang up, he might change his opinion of such service. The prolonged dry spell will im press on. Valley farmers the benefits of irrigation. Much water from the Willamette can be diverted to fields near its source. Every rippling brook means economic waste. There will be rain in plenty next month, when hoppicking begins. An early state fair usually brings It, but this year the date is late and the gar nering of the hop must be the de pendence. With twenty Russian corps moving on Prussia that country will have cause for worry in the course of a few years when the Russians finally reach the front. Potato-growers with a short crop can charge the deficit to Colonel Hofer, who is sure he can produce rain, but imposes conditions before he will act. With war Impending In the Orient it is high time for the Chee Foo liar to get into action. He was the life and soul of the Russo-Japanese con test. The European nations evidently view us in the light of pickpockets for attempting to build up our mer chant marine at their expense. Japanese censorship has been im posed upon Jap journalists and papers in Hawaii. What's the idea? Speak up, Mr. Hearst. Things that are being read by us from day to. day will thrill the people of a thousand years hence or horrify them, perhaps. What has become of David Starr Jordan? Perhaps he's in Belgium try ing to adjust the trifling differences over that way. So far not one of the warring coun tries has withdrawn from the 1915 fair. But perhaps they've forgotten all about it. When the Beavers lose a game to the tail-enders they show a charitable spirit. Oakland needs encouragement to hang on. However, the boardinghouse resi dent need not fear an advance of rates so long as the price of prunes remains stationary. Since the supplies of dyes are run ning low, the old man who would look young must buy more haircuts and shaves. The fields and Swales of Belgium will be' literally drenched in blood be fore the thing is over. London reports show a loss of 500 German cavalry to the French. Mere germ in the ocean. Kiau-Chau may prove another Port Arthur so far as the feat of taking it is concerned. Yes, this will be the last war until the next one. The Bear is slow with his steam roller. Now the Japs are clearing for action. Half a Century Ago From The Oregonian of August 22, 1664. Saturday was ushered in by a driz zling, doubtful rain storm, and through out the day the clouds were banked up over us, occasionally emitting large, cold drops. The shower was thrice wel come, for the dust was intolerable and vegetation was withering, pining and dying. The publication of the stirring Union sheet, the Seattle Gazette, was resumed at Seattle, W. T., on the 6th inst. Hon. J. R. Watson is still editor and will do his country service with his fluent pen. A correspondent writes us in refer ence to the dispute as to whom the honor belongs for having first ascended Mount Hood, and refers to Alexander von Humboldt, in "Cosmos," volume 5, page 389, recording an ascent In Aug ust, 1853, by Lake, Travillot and Heller. This was a year previous to the ascent of T. J. Dryer and others which we announced a few days since. By arrival of the steamer John H. Couch from Astoria, we have reports from some of our pleasure-seekers at the beach. They appear to be entering into the merits of a general Summer ramble and "watering place" spree. The bark Helen M. Almy had landed the big guns at Cape Disappointment all right and would finish discharging today. Captain Flavel has been awarded the contract for building the wharf at Cape Disappointment. LAFFERTY AND THE RECORD. Facta A to Hia Activity In Land Fraud Case. Mr. Lafferty, Representative in Con gress for Oregon (Third district), has new been absent from his post of duty at Washington continuously for more than one hundred days, or about four months. He has been for the greater part of that time in Portland and vi cinity publicly carrying on his cam paign for re-election, although he was beaten In the primary. But he repu diates the verdict of the people in the primary. The explanation for his ab senteeism given by Mr. Lafferty is twofold: that he is here to carry on his campaign, and he is also here to represent the public in the Oregon & California land grant case. The sub stance of his contention as to the land grant suit is as follows (from his self signed advertisements) : Mor, than two-thirds of my time since my arrival here In May has been devoted to tho Oregon & California Railroad land grant suit. I was three weeks in California preparing and arguing the case in the Cir cuit Court of Appeals. The transcript of the record of the trial, as had before Judge Wolverton. amounts to 17 printed volumes. The case is now In the Supreme Court, where we must argue it again about January next. Any lawyer, in order to make an Intelligent presentation of the case In the Supreme Court, must have mastered those IT printed volumes of the record. Mr. Lafferty says also that he will, if successful in this suit, accomplish more than the entire Oregon delegation in 20 years, and that he will break up a great land monopoly. The Oregonian believes it lias a duty to correct the continuous Lafferty mis representations in this important liti gation and it therefore gives the exact facts with regard to his recent so called public service: The land grant suit is between the United States Government and the Southern Pacific Railroad (Oregon & California Railroad company I. La.fferty appeaFs as intervener, representing private clients who are seeking to get possession for their own benefit of cer tain parcels of the land. Mr. Lafferty did not prepare a word of the voluminous record of 17 volumes. The Lafferty brief consisted of two pages, excluding title and cover. He never appeared before the examiner who took the testimony in this case, consisting of 11 typewritten volumes. The demurrers to his cross-complaints and bills of intervention were sus tained by Judge Wolverton. The three weeks Mr. Lafferty spent In California narrow down to one hour and fifteen minutes, spent by him in oral argument before the Circuit Court of Appeals. The CWcuit Court of Appeals, upon Its own motion, and not upon Lafferty's motion, nor any lawyer's, decided to certify the case to the United States Supreme Court to decide certain ques tions of law. As a matter of fact, the case has not yet be,ap so certified, and it is not now in trie United States Su preme Court. But it will be. Mr. Lafferty says he has entered this case to break up a "land monopoly." But it is clear that the ultimate judg ment of the Supreme Court will be to decide for the railroad company or for the Government, one or the other. If the railroad company wins, it will be the owner of the land grant, and will sell the lands on its own terms. If the Government wins the lands will be withdrawn under the act of Con gress August 20, 1912, and the terms and conditions upon which they wiH be opened for settlement will be deter mined only by subsequent legislation. The only possible chance for the Laf ferty intervenors to get anything will be to have the court give them a status as actual settlers, and to award thorn title to lands which they claim to oc cupy as bona fide claimants. It becomes plain, therefore, that the Lafferty contention that he is perform ing a public service in this litigation has no basis in fact. He is appearing for private clients. No citizen other than his clients, and perhaps some un known others who may be able to show that they sought to take up lands prior to this litigation, will be benefited by their success. ADMONITION WILL BE OBSERVED American of German Birth Will Heed Advice aa to Neutrality. PORTLAND, Aug. 21. (To the Edi tor.) An American citizen born and raised in Germany who does not sym pathise with the fatherland in her pres ent crisis certainly lacks those quali ties of head and heart which make a good citizen for any country, but the over-zealous sympathizers of the Deutsche Bund who would plunge this country Into war in order that Ger many might retain possession of Klau- Chau reminds one of the sublime patriot ism of Artemus Ward's hero who was willing to sacrifice all of his wife's relatives to save the Union rather than volunteer himself. The letter the Deutsche Bund sent to Senator Chamberlain is so absurd and quixotic that it deserves notice only because it misrepresents the German element in this city and state. While there are some who think a more vig orous policy of this Administration might have prevented the Japanese ultimatum to Germany, the great major ity of German-Americans approve and Intend to obey President Wilson's ad monition to observe strict and impar tial neutrality. All they ask as Ameri cans is fair play. GERMAN-AMERICAN. Sea Song Mod erne By Dean Collins. Heave ho, my lads, the wind blows free! A British sloop is on our lea, A German warship I observe Upon the far horizon's curve. So ere we sneak From out of port tonight, Let's plan to seek A way to dodge a fight. It's tough for a sailor. In spite of his heart so true. With theae battleships all o'er the ocean blue-oo! Chorus: Sailing, sailing. Over the bounding main; I wish that this stormy war would blow. It gives me such a pay-yaln! Sailing, sailing. Over the bounding main, Weil certainly have a right to blow When safe in port again. Heave ho, my lads, the breeze is fine! Look out and dodge that contact mine; And douse the glim, bo we may hope Past hostile cruisers safe to grope. For everywhere Are warships waiting for A chance to snare Some contraband of war. It's tough for a sailor; He scarcely has got a chance; And we can't get any more marine insu-rance. Chorus : Sailing, sailing. Over the bounding main! I wish that this stormy war would blow. It gives me such a pay-yain! Sailing, sailing, Over the bounding main! I'd certainly give a lot of dough To be in port again. INCONSISTENCY OF DEMOCRACY Free Trade and "Made-ln-Oregon Pol- Icy Don't Go Well Together. PORTLAND, Aug. 21. (To the Ed itor.) The Journal of August i ac centuates the following Interview with L. Samuel with this scare head: Dollar Spent for Oregon Made Goods Is One Dollar saveu. Money Sent Out of Slate Is Uone Forever, Is View of I.. Samuel. State Self-supporting. L. Samuel says that whenever he buys a made-ln-Oregon suit, calendar or cans ot sous ho Is savlnir money for his own dusi ness. "If each of us used a 6-cent cake of soap a week, and nothing but the made ln-Oregon brand, that would asean $2,000. GU0 saved annually to Oregon and a made ln-Oregon 'industry." he explained yesterday in the course or an impromptu sermon on the business righteousness of fostering Ore gon industry. "And look at this suit 1 wear." he In vlted. "The wool in It came from the back of an Oregon sheep, and when the grower got the money for the wool he was pro vided with means to grow more sheep and Increase thus an Industry for which Ore iron's natural, advantages are unusual. "When the woolen mill operator received the money for hia work he was helped to pay employes, and thus sustain the manu facturing branch of an Important Industry When the tailor received his price It meant more money distributed among working people, and all of them spent their money right here among us again. "I make It a study to buy all the furnish ings for my house, all the atatlonery, ad vertising calendars and other made-ln-Ore gon supplies for my office, if poKsiol". "Every time 1 keep a dollar In Oregon 1 nut it in the way of coming back to me again. Every time I send a dollar out of Oregon I bid It farewell forever. "If we of Oregon make It a habit and a system to spend our money In this state for made-in-Oregon articles we - stimulate every branch of industry, the money re mains where we can Invite It back to our wn business again, and together we work toward a development where we can send out commoditle and get back the money of other individuals." The reasoning of Mr. ftnmuel seems to be good, very good. Without doubt it Is unequivocally Indorsed by the Journal or it would not have published it with such large and attractive head lines, making sure of calling the read er's attention to the necessity of pur chasing made-ln-Oregon goods In order to make a complete success of business in this Btate. If a policy of protection and this is protection without question should be adopted by the state in order to make business a success here, why should the Nation adopt a policy, of free trade which is admittedly a failure accord ing to the above argument? And yet we are asked to vote for the very moti who worked and voted for and bur dened us with this free-trade system Will the people do It? Not much, if our Democratic papers of the state publish many such articles as the "ne quoted. Free beef, free lumber, free butter, free eggs and free wool, all raised in Oregon, and we are earnest ly urged to vote for and Indorse the very men and party that foisted nil this and more upon us. Not this year, doctor: not this year. Senator: no. not this year. W. H. H. DUFUR. I'se of Other' Poem. SEASIDE. Or., Aug. 20. (To the Kdl tor.) I wish to ask If it Is necessary, before publishing a book, of any sort, i r which poems of other authors are used, to obtain the permission of said authors to use their poems? Kor In stance, In compiling a calendar of the one-page-a-week sort, with a poem or part of a poem on each page, would it be permissible to use poems clipped from periodicals years ago, or even recently, the name of the author being given in each case, of course? Or would it be necessary to obtain the permission of the authors to use them? And if so, how could that be done when their ad dresses are not known? M. L P. It is not legally necessary to obtain the consent of the author unless he hus copyrighted the poem. Copyright is sometimes held In the name of the publisher and In such event authority to republish should be acquired from him. Publications, If copyrighted, bear the copyright Imprint. Sometimes the copyright may bo of an entire magazine or other publication and in such cases notice appears usually on the title page with the name of the owner of the copyright. The address of an author may usually be obtained from the pub lishers of the work In which his con tribution appears. Pure nnd Thoroughbred. CAMBRIDGE, Idaho. Aug. IS. (To the Editor.) Please explain the dif ference between "purebred" and "thor oughbred." A SUBSCRIBER. Breeders make a distinction between the terms. A purebred animal is one that has not been crossed by any strain other than that the name of which it bears. Thoroughbred Is a more tech nical term, having somewhat different attributes among the several breeders' associations but generally meaning un corrupted descent from pedigreed or registered stock.. Briefly, the distinc tion rests on whether a record ofpedl gree has been kept in such form and method as breeders' associations pre scribe. Intermarriages That Are Forbidden. DAY'S CREEK, Or.. Aug. 17. (To the Editor.) Marlon claims that there Is a law in Oregon that prohibits marriage between whites nnd Indians, while Mary claims that the law of race Inter marriages only prohibits whites and negroes. Which Is right? And to what does this law apply, full-blood, half or quarter-blood? A SUBSCRIBER. Section 2163 of lord's Oregon Laws prohibits whites. either mule or female, from Intermarrying with any person having one-fourth or more negro, Chinese Ot Kanaka blood, or with any person having .more than one-half Indian blood. Little Editorials on Business The National Pure Ad Law. The National Association of Ad vertising Clubs, in mi n tin I conven tion at Toronto, has past-cd a reso lution to support the so-called Na tional Pure Advertising Law. It is one of the moat hopeful signs of the times when merchants show their willingness to become united in telling the truth in their advertisements. The chief sufferer from mis statements in advertising is the consumer. When you buy an article (hat is not as good as the merchant or manufacturer claimed it to be you fail to get your money's worth, and you lose confi dence in the advertising of reputa ble concerns who are giving you a square deal. In Germany, Russia and many other Europenn countries all nder tising copy is censored by the Chief of Police. If a dealer advertises a suit of clothes at a price less than cost he must show by his invoice that the suit actually cost more than the sale price. The Oregonian has questioned many advertisements in which comparative prices seemed unrea sonable. It is the policy of this newspaper to protect the legitimate advertisers as well as the consumers. J Twenty-Five Year Ago Krom The Oregonian of August 22, IW Boise. Idaho. July lfl. The 10th day of the Idaho constitutional convention closes In considerable disappointment to many of Its members. The senti ment prevailed t the beginning that 10 days would suffice to frame a consti tution for Idaho, with the abundauce of material at its disposal. The work drags Its slow length along. Three daya have been spent on the bill of rights, and the members begin to ask In won der when their patriotic work will end. Every officer and employe takes his chances for pay. The convention Is a voluntary one and has not a dollar at its command. There are over 1,000.000 head of sheep being pastured between Jish Lakn and the Deschutes River. The bunch grass range of Eastern Oregon Is being rap idly diminished, forcing the sheep own ers to seek pasturage In ths Cascade Mountains. Father Conrady, the Oregon priest who went to the Sandwich Islands to assist the late Father Damleii to take care of the lepers, writes from Hono lulu under date of June 7 that he has been dangerously 111 since the death of Father Damien last April, and that for a time it was thought ho would not recover. He says his alckness was brought on -by overwork and that he has no symptoms of leprosy. City Attorney W. H. Adams has gone to the country for two weeks. During his absence C. A. retrain will attend to his duties as City Attorney. Albany. Or., July 21. Thomas Mon telth. an old and well-known pioneer, died this morning after a protracted illness. He was, In the early history of Albany, one of the town's most wealthy and influential cltlxsns. phf.siuf.nt's appf. i. wisr or.. Irish-American Indorses rtmonlllon fix to Strict eulralHy. POKTLAND. Aug. 21. (To ths Edi tor.) Ireland today has Its own des tiny to foster and Ireland must attend to that and Ireland will speak and act for Itself. Americans have been poraonally ap pealed to by ths President of the United States to do nothing In thought or deed to embnrrass this Government In Its mission of mediation to stop thn bloody carnsge overseas and to the end that he may be able by a wise guidance to keep this republic out of the frightful struggle for race supremacy In Europe. It Is a task freighted with heavy re sponsibilities and calls for the exercise of the highest patriotism by all Ameri can citUens. Here we are, descendants for ths most part of the countries at war; In termarried with many rnees. allied In business, knit together In the social body and endeared to one another through connections material and sym pathetic. A little consideration wll. reveal the wisdom and statesmanship of President Wilson and will appeal to all good men of all manner of thought anil convictions that our first and fore most duty Is to play the nobler pari so earnestly requested hy our Presi dent. Nothing Is mentioned In President Wilson's appeal thnt will stop anyone from contributing to the Red Cross fund, regardless of what source roller is asked, for the Red Cross Is above all the warring legions and concerned only In an errand of mercy. Under this cross nil men can meet upon h common ground. I.. 8HAXA11AX, STATE WORK SHOP IS DKS1RF.U. Industrial Home For Blind Is Pro posed by Instructor. PORTLAND. Aug., 20. (To the Edi tor.) As instructor In the scnooi tor Adult Blind recently established by ths Board of Eductalon of this city, I wish to take this means of expressing my mAat h., rlu ttnoreelstion us well SS that of those without sight who have been dally present ano worsm me. for your interest In us, nnd also for what you have been able to assist i in accomplishing. The Press of Portland has rallied to our assistance more generousi m.i. any other city where such a worn lias been contemplsted. From what has gone before, i nop for suDDort for the estannsnment ot a ' ,. -.T . . tr.r the Adult 1111ml worn iwwp " 1 - . ; , when the Legislature opens this W inter. Therefore, i wisn to u..nn. pi your 11 iriiuoini ... -- - - - will thank the good people of Portland for what tncy nave uouc . say that we will reopen on September 14. and will be glad to receive any work thev may have In the recnnlng of chairs. y J. F. MY EKS. X Fear of l.earlslalure. PORTLAND. Aug. 21. (To the Edi tor.) In contending that propor tional representation would not have shortened the Initiative ballot this year had It been In effect you point out thnt 1 of the 29 measures are constitutional amendments that must necessarily go to vote of the peo ple. But under the present methods of election the Republicans have a great preponderance In the Legislature and may annul any statute adopted. Fear of the consequences Impels advocates of laws to submit them ns amendments, for In that form the Legislature cannot repeat them. It would be better If they were presented as bills and this would result If there were u fair represent, tlon of all parties and organisations In the Legislature. T. K. CI! AM.