THE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 12, 1914.
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PORTLAXU, WEDNESDAY. AEG. IS. 1914.
WHO DECLARES WAR?
The procedure by which the various
European powers declared war brings
into prominence the diversity of their
institutions and the extent to which
the war is approved by the people of
each country. In England and t ranee
the people, through their representa
tives in Parliament, alone have the
tuwer to declare war. In Germany
Austria-Hungary and Russia, though
those countries have representative
bodies, the making of war and peace
is a prerogative of the sovereign.
In England Premier Asquith and
Sir Edward Grey, the Foreign Minis
ter, submitted the correspondence to
the House of Commons, and explained
the situation, telling of the nation's
treaty obligations. Then they told tne
House the choice between peace and
war rested with it. The House de
clared war, thus approving the gov
ernment's acts. Had It refused to do
so, the government, through the King,
would have called for the election of
a new House and would have left the
people to decide. If the government
were defeated the opposition party
would take control.
In France war cannot be declared
by the Executive without the consent
of Parliament, which is highly respon
sive to public opinion, but defeat of
the government on this or any other
issue does not involve election of a
new Chamber of Deputies. The ma
jority of the Chamber really controls
the government, but the Chamber is
split into so many parties that a
change of Cabinet simply brings about
a new grouping of parties to give the
new government a majority. The
President has the power to dissolve'
the Chamber and to call an election,
but that power has not been exercised
since 1877. when President McMahon
made use of it and was accused of a
coup d'etat. Thus the people of
France may be deprived of opportu
nity to decide in case the vote of the
chamber should go against the gov
ernment. In Germany the Emperor can de
clare war or make peace without con
sulting the Reichstag, for he is su
preme in foreign policy. Money to
carry on war can be raised only by
rote of the Reichstag, which is elected
by the people, but defeat of the gov
ernment In the Reichstag does not
Involve a change of Ministers. The
Emperor has power to order new
elections at any time, and, if his Min
isters fall to secure a majority, disso
lution follows. If the new Reichstag
is hostile, another election is held,
until the Chancellor, who is chosen by
the Emperor regardless of party sup
port, can make a combination which
will sustain him. How often the
Reichstag can be dissolved without
provoking a revolution remains to be
proved.
Austria-Hungary theoretically en
trusts control of foreign relations to
the delegations elected by the Par
liaments of the two monarchies, but
In practice it is in the hands of the
Emperor-King.
Russia has in the Duma representa
tive institutions with very limited
powers. The Czar has power to de
clare war and make peace. The Duma
passes laws and votes supplies, but
may be dissolved at will by the Czar
laws may be passed between sessions
by him, and Ministers are not respon
sible to the Duma and ignore it if they
choose. Only by their own choice do
Ministers explain foreign affairs or
other public business to the Duma.
There is therefore no means of
Judging by the formal action of their
legislative bodies whether the people
of Austria-Hungary, Germany and
Russia approve the war. In the Ger
man provinces of Austria and in Hun
gary there was great public indigna
tion agatnst Servia on account of the
assassination of Archduke Franz Fer
dinand, but the Slav provinces doubt
less sympathize with Servia. In Ger
many there is strong popular hatred
of France and England, which might
have won approval of the war, had
the Reichstag been given a voice in
the decision, but In England opinion
Is still divided on the question whether
the Kaiser welcomed a pretext for war
or vat forced Into It to save the em
pire. His friends place the responsi
bility on Russia and refer to repeated
efforts to disarm the distrust and to
win the good will of the British peo
ple. In Russia the war was preceded
by public demonstrations in favor of
Servia. and Pan-Slavism is known to
have a strong hold on the popular
mind, but the Czar might have sup
pressed this agitation, as he has on
former occasions.
Regardless of the procedure by
which war is declared, it is doubtful
whether a despotic ruler could make
war with hope of success unless his
people were behind him. It is also
doubtful whether even the Czar could
restrain a nation bent on war. In the
one case their hearts are not in it and
they may avenge disaster on their
rulers. The war with Japan was
unpopular and the turmoil In Russia
in 1904-6 was the direct outcome of
the defeats in Manchuria. In the
other case Jie people may determine.
If their ruler will not lead them, that
they will choose a new leader.
After all, as much fault is to be
found with the secrecy surrounding
the foreign relations of all nations,
whether democratic or despotic, as
with the procedure of declaring war.
This secrecy enables rulers to maneu
ver or blunder, without public knowl
edge, into a position where war Is the
only means of avoiding humiliation or
disaster, or where passion Is so
aroused that only war can gratify it.
This is true rot only of the more or
less absolute monarchies, but also of
democratic England and France,
where fear of popular wrath alone en
forces deference to public opinion in
handling foreign affairs. The secrecy
with which treaties are negotiated by
our State Department and are con
sidered by the Senate is open to like
criticism. Only after it had leaked
out in Paris was the Colombian treaty
discussed publicly by Secretary Bryan,
and the revelations in regard to it
which were made before the Senate
committee became public in defiance
of rules. More publicity as to foreign
affairs would be our best safeguard
against an inexcusable war or a
shameful peace.
WHY NO SAFEGUARDS T
Two women bathing in a stream
near Marshfield were drowned last
Saturday. A carpenter swimming with
his child In the Willamette River at
Linnton, Sunday, lost his life. A day
or two previously a college student,
attempting the hazardous feat of
climbing Haystack rock, Cannon
Beach, was dashed into the ocean and
was lost. Two boys belonging to a
prominent Portland family, wading in
the Columbia last week, were caught
in an eddy, and were drowned. A boy
swimming In a lake near Spokane last
week became exhausted and sank, to
rise no more. A man got beyond the
breakers, on North Beach, and was
rescued only by the daring act of a
young boy.
So runs the record of a few days.
It is incomplete, for the recapitulation
is solely from memory. But'it Is suf
ficient to impress with effectiveness a
lesson of caution and foresight.
The nonswlmmers are not alone
the victims of the treacherous waters.
Men, women and children who swim
are likewise caught unawares. They
become over-confident. They take
chances. They lose the sense of inse
curity and think mistakenly that there
is no danger. There Is danger, al
ways, in the water. It is not man's
natural element. When an unusual
condition arises, he is gone.
It is strange that, with the constant
.tnrioi nf mischance in stream, lake
or ocean, the person who ventures be
yond his depth provides no safe
guards. SAD EXPERIENCE.
The Salem Capital Journal, a Dem
ocratic newspaper, with the usual
n.nr,irii9n vmppr. exactly reverses
the facts when it makes the statement
in the second sentence of the follow
ing paragraph:
When Mitchell. Dolph and Fulton were
candidate for re-election to the Senate Re-
,,r-ri ihelr experience
in legislation a a principal argument tor
retaining tnem to reprmtui ,"'"""" , ZiZ
poiltlon. Now they demand Chamberlain s
defeat for the ame reason.
The defeat of Mr. Chamberlain is
demanded for no such reason. But
the Democratic appeal for his re-election
is based wholly on the ground of
his supposed effectiveness as a Sena
tor, gTowlng out of his six years' ex
perience. Your turncoat Chamberlain
organ has therefore cheerfully adopt
.h argument most strenuously
and noisily refuted .w hen it was used
for a Republican candidate. v
The issue over the re-election of
rh.mhXin is as to .the policies of
the Democratic party and his Identi
fication with ana responsiumi
them.
The people of Oregon who believe
th. nomnmtlc rjartv and what it
stands for and what it has done and
is doing for Oregon and the ."Nation,
will vote for Chamberlain.
The people of Oregon who are In
different to the empty dinner bucket
will vote for Chamberlain.
The people of Oregon who believe
in opening up the Oregon markets
, fnmit-r nroducts lumber, butter,
cheese, eggs, shingles, wool and the
rest will vote for untmneraun.
The people of Oregon who are con
font ith nrnstrated industry, business
stagnation, non-employment of labor,
declining wages, unprofitable invest
ment, will vote tor unsmoenaiu.
to. nf nrwnn who have not
yet been convinced, when they inspect
empty pockets and patcnea trousers,
that nonpartlsansnip oi tne yasiusw
lain type Is a false pretense, and the
i.." irnff(M.ni-v of the Democratic
party a disastrous reality, will vote for
Chamberlain.
Experience Is a genuine teacner.
Oregon is learning.
AN EFFECTIVE CITIZEN SOLDIERY.
kta matter what great battles may
develop, no matter what deeds of
ho-niem and hraverv may occur, the
superb defense of Liege and surround
ing territory by the Belgian forces will
go down Into history as a !"
example of courage. In time to come
it wlH be heralded and sung with the
story of the fight at Thermopylae.
The gallant charges of the German
hosts, not one whit less daring, will be
lost sight of in the world s eyes as wie
r.r the hrave Belgians are sung
and for the same reason that the Per
sians who flung themselves upon
Leonidas' men are lost signt or wnen
the glories of that conflict are told
today.
The Belgians were not trained regu
lo Th.r. was a considerable leav
ening of professional soldiers, but the
force was made up mainiy ui in'
ists, militia, citizen soldiers, trained
dri nam moments. Fresh from
the peaceful vocations of civil life,
they donned the unitorm, toon up wie
vnnr or arraved themselves behind
the huge guns in the forts, serving
them with the skill and courage of
veterans. Men who had never harmed
a mouse became slayers of men.
They fought professional soldiers,
troops" of the German first line, who
selves to the attack with
dauntless bravery and all the skill
gathered by years or preparation,
-rtiot- fnnirht Airainst tremendous odds.
True, this was made possible by their
heavy intrenchments, but tney aia not
jin-nvs relv unon shelter, often sally
ing forth in a bold counter charge. It
was inevitable that tney snoum
in the end. But they made a fight
th finest regular troops could
not hope to surpass a fight that has
discounted the claims of military au
thorities the world over.
The courage of the Belgian militia
Is by no means the most surprising
nr thlr showing. The intelli
gence with which they met the situa
tion Is far more uraasiin. " ac
corded that they did not open fire as
soon as the enemy swept into range.
Rather, employing the methods of the
American militia at uunner run, tney
v..ih th.ir fire until the Germans had
reached the range of most deadly
fire, then opened up on tnem wun
... ...l.n.iv accurate artillery and
musketry. They employed this same
intelligence throughout, exuept ior a
few minor errors such as occurred
a iJeitrt.-in reel merit was trapped
and decimated by a delt Uhlan coup.
Their conduct, all In all. places a new
confidence in a wen-trainea citizen
soldiery.
Motor boats make as much noise in
the world as automobiles, but since
they cannot run up and down the
streets they are less heard and there
fore less is heard about them. The
American motor boat fleet numbers
200,000 craft of all sizes and degrees
of expensiveness from the rude skiff
with an engine tossed loosely aboard
to the millionaire's steel yacht. And
the fleet is still growing.
MORE RAIDS BY SPOIXSMEN.
The Democrats in Congress persist
in their policy of making spoils out
of everything in sight. They have fol
lowed up their action in throwing to
the spoilsmen all appointments con
nected with the income tax and all the
new Jobs as commercial agents abroad
by fbading the river and harbor bill
with pork. The House Democrats
now propose to make spoils of the rec
lamation fund and of the postal serv
ice. The West asked that the reclama
tion law be amended to give settlers
twenty Instead of ten years within
which to pay for reclamation works.
The House has passed the bill with a
rider requiring that the reclamation
fund be apportioned by Congress in
stead of by the Secretary of the In
terior. In other words, the Demo
cratic majority proposes to make pork
or the fund, and to apportion it by the
same infamous logrolling methods
which threaten to bring about defeat
of the river and harbor bill. The law
originally provided that the fund
should be distributed among the states
with due regard to the amount of
their contributions in the shape of
ian .-.fflo ra(pinti While the Ore-
! gon Senators were asleep, this equita
ble provision was repealed, secre
tary Lane has promised to observe its
spirit in making allotments, but the
House now proposes to take the power
out of his hands. Some states have
contributed largely to the fund; they
have meritorious projects, but have"
but few votes. If the Senate assents,
such states must pay blackmail to
those states which have contributed
least, have projects of little or no
merit, but have larger delegations in
Congress. The naked fact is that
pork Is blackmail. In river and har
bor affairs rivers are blackmailed
by creeks, for rivers are compelled to
surrender to creeks a portion of the
funds which should rightly be ex
pended on them, this being a condi
tion of the rivers obtaining anything.
If the amendment to the postofflce
bill should pass, the dam which pro
tects the postal service from the
spoilsmen will be destroyed. Every
employe, from assistant postmaster,
clerk, carrier, even Janitor, would then
be a political appointee, holding office
not by virtue of good service to the
people, but by virtue of service to his
party. Having succeeded so far, the
Democrats would not long delay
throwing open all departments to the
spoilsmen and an end would be made
of the merit system.
THE COLONELS NEW TACTICS.
The ever versatile Colonel Roosevelt
has changed his tactics since 1912.
Social and industrial Justice, initiative,
referendum and recall have been sub
ordinated to war on the bosses. When
he launched the Progressive party, the
Republican party was to him "the
accursed thing," with which he would
have no part nor Jot, but he is now
supporting a candidate for Governor
of New York, who also seeks the Re
publican nomination, and he invites
the support of good citizens of every
party. His speeches in 1912 implied
that a man could not be a good citi
zen so long as he remained a Repub
lican. He now has inaugurated a
nonpartisan campaign against bosslsm
in the Republican party, not only in
New York, but in other states, and
advocates local fusion of Progressives
with anti-boss Republicans on that
Issue.
The Inference to be drawn from the
Colonel's actions and from political
conditions is that he designs the anti
boss campaign to serve as a bridge
whereby he may return across the
Rubicon into the Republican party.
His new party having shrunk to such
proportions that it may be no longer
a factor in politics, he seems to re
gard himself as practically a leader
without a party. He sees the Repub
lican party devoid of any dominating
figure on whose leadership Its two
factions are ready to unite at the
present Juncture, and he therefore
regards it as a party without a leader.
He hopes by his anti-boss campaign
to demonstrate that he can still com
mand a sufficient following to thwart
any effort of the Republicans to win
without him, in fact to prove himself
to be the man indispensable to Re
publican success. The sequel would
be for the leaderless party to accept
the partyless leader as its standard
bearer in 1916. He knows that the
conservative Republicans hate him,
but he seems to believe that they
would rather win with him on his
own terms than lose without him.
That is a plausible line of reasoning
for the Colonel to adopt, but some of
the assumptions on which it is based
may prove fallacious. One is that the
Progressives will follow him in his
nonpartisan movement, for there is a
violent revolt of standpat Progressives
against fusion. Another is that the
Republicans can find no winning can
didate in 1916 other than himself.
True, no such man as yet stands out
among the Republican leaders, but
that fact presents no obstacles to the
party's dispensing with the Colonel's
aid. Until recent years it was not the
custom to pick the candidate for Pres
ident long in advance of a Presiden
tial year. In fact, a man possessing
recognized qualities as a leader was
again and again pushed aside, because
his strong character had made ene
mies within the party and others were
taken up who were considered safer
because, being less able or less ag
gressive, they had aroused less antag
onism. Even when men of striking
personality obtained the nomination,
the factional enmities they had
aroused often brought about their de
feat at the election. This was the fate
of Clay and Blaine.
The attitude of the Republican
party towards Colonel Roosevelt de
pends largely on the showing of
strength made by him and his party
in the election next Fall. The drift is
so strong towards the old party among
the Progressives that the Republicans
may think it safe to count on the ex
tinction of Progressivism in 1916, ex
cept for an irreconcilable remnant of
no more Importance than have been
the remains of the Populists in the
last three Presidential years. A small
Progressive vote for Mr. Hinman In
New York would indicate that Colo
nel Roosevelt's party had broken away
from him. If Mr. Hinman were to
win notwithstanding, Republican lead
ers might fairly claim that his victory
was won by Republican votes, not
through Colonel Roosevelt's backing.
They might reason that they had re
gained the vast majority of the Pro
gressive vote, that much of the re
mainder would abandon the third
party as a lost cause and that they
could win In 1S16 without the small
residue.
The policy of the Republican party
would then be to nominate for Presi
dent a man of decided enough pro
gressive tendencies to hold in line not
only progressive Republicans, but
those who have lately returned to the
fold, yet a man who at the same time
would not utterly repel the conserva
tive element. Were the party to nom
inate Colonel Roosevelt, it would
strengthen his opinion that he is in
dispensable to its success and would
thereby put a premium on bolting as
a means of extorting a nomination.
We glean from the New York Sun
some valuable advice about learning
to swim. Foremost stands the pre
cept, "Learn to swim first in fresh; wa
ter." It is less buoyant than salt wa
ter and therefore harder to swim in.
On the same principle a cowboy learns
to ride first on a bucking broncho.
When he can do that he can do any
thing. Almost as wise Is the warning,
"Don't dive in two feet of water." If
you do you may flatten your skull.
There would be no danger of crack
ing anything so soft.
Do you know, gentle reader, what
is the final cause of the blooming
beauties now so commonly displayed
on magazine covers? We have Just
learned and no more shall we gnash
our teeth at the spectacle of their in
sipid charms. Their purpose is to
teach fair and climbing readers how
to "make themselves up" by means of
paint, cheek puffers, wrinkle stretch
ers and artificial noses. Live and
learn is our motto.
The fires which sweep ruinously
through our forests are almost always
started by careless hunters. Which is
the more valuable, forest property with
the lives and homes it surrounds, or
the reckless amusement of a few
hunters? Why permit hunting at the
time of year when every shot, every
campfire, every match dropped on the
herbage may set up a conflagration?
Women have always made exem
plary soldiers in times of extreme
need. They defended Carthage against
. i r - V. . . t.n-e otrilTlff U'Hh their
tne rtumemo i..u..0
'twisted hair and dlshpans full of mol
ten lead. At Merstnai tne otner
they beat off the Uhlans with hot
water. Those who say women can't
fight must revise their opinions.
An Eastern woman's publication,
conducting a eugenics contest cover
ing the United States, finds but seven
teen perfect babies in a field of 100,
000, and seven are Pacific Northwest
babies. It Is all due to climate, of
course.
Dr. Aked expresses surprise that the
Socialists of Europe let the war get
started. No doubt he Is still further
surprised by word that many of them
have rushed off to the front with their
regiments.
The "international lawyer" who
shows how the United States may get
mixed up neglects to mention invasion
of Washington, D. C. We can think of
nothing less that would do the trick.
American grain exporters hesitate
at taking the risk of sending grain to
Belgium. Still, with the Quadruple
Entente in control of the Atlantic no
great fear need be felt at this time.
Capture of a great war prize by a
British boat reminds us that war re
habilitates the ancient custom of
piracy on the high seas.
British Columbia has raised an
array of 22.000 men. Enough to pro
vide a little before-breakfast diversion
for the European hosts.
The planting of contact mines in
the North Sea is reckless disregard of
rights of neutrals and somebody will
pay dearly for losses.
With Judge Benson and McNary
tied for the nomination, how each
must regret not having campaigned
Just a trifle harder.
There were not enough brigands in
the House yesterday to take, the Post
office out of the civil service list.
Something wrong with the "wonder
ful machine." German troops in Bel
gium are reported to be hungry.
Association of ideas may shortly
bring a wave of horror with mere
mention of the name Xamur.
The Jap army is moving in the Ori
ent and the Yap army is fighting it
out on the street corners.
A rich New York woman has left
London to Join the French Red Cross.
But will the whim last?
Wreckage was picked up on the
California coast. It will be plentiful j
before this thing is over.
Prince William of Lippe showed
his good blood by falling at the head
of the charging column.
Servians in America are bent on
striking at Austria, even if they have
to go to Canada to enlist.
Perhaps, when the Germans have
more to shout over, Berlin will not
remain quite so silent.
Killing of divers titled Germans in
dicates that grim old Mars Is no re
specter of persons.
The campaign is too young for old
General Disease to get a foothold, but
he is hoping.
The modern William Tell is looking
for a shot at somebody's hat with a
head in it.
France and Austria have broken off
diplomatic relations. Oh, surely not
Holland is determined to remain
neutral, if she has to dam everything.
Cossacks lost 400 in a brush with
Austrians, we regret to reportsky.
It is time for news of a few German
victories to maintain a balance.
We may have to declare war on the
price Jugglers yet.
Trenches are handy for burials after
the battle.
The sailors will have prize money
galore.
What a glorious lot of fiction will
follow!
It begins to look like a fight to a
finish.
Half a Century Ago
FTom The Oregonlan of August 12. 1884.
Hon. T. A Collard died suddenly at
Oregon City on Sunday. He thrice
served as a member of the Legislature,
The bark Tycoon, which was cap
tured by the Alabama some months
l. .. .1 nn kna T-H a IflTCP R TT1 OUPlt Of
I iron doors, shutters, etc, for Griswold's
block in Salem, consigned to ncan..
Dearborn & Co., and an invoice of goods,
valued at $1600, belonging to Hon. J. B.
Underwood, of Eugene City.
Several hundred head of beef cattle
crossed the river at Salem on the 10th
en route for the northern mines. They
belonged to Whitley, of Polk.
Washington. Aug. 8. Richmond pa
pers have the following: Mobile, Aug.
5. To J. A. Seddon (Confederate). Sec
retary of War: Seventeen of the
enemy's vessels, 14 ships and three
ironclads, passed Fort Morgan this
morning. The Tecumseh was sunk In
passing. The ironclad Tennessee sur
rendered after a desperate engagement.
Admiral Buchanan lost a leg and is a
prisoner. The Selma was captured. The
Gaines was beached. The Morgan is
safe and will try to run up tonight.
The enemy's fleet is approaching the
city. D H. Maury, MaJ.-Gen.
Fortress Monroe. Aug. 7. A terrific
fight took place in front of Petersburg
on the afternoon of the 6th. The bat
tle commenced with a charge from the
enemy, which- was repulsed with
slaughter.
Harper's Ferry, Aug. 10. Averill at
tacked the combined forces of Mc
Causland. Johnson. Gilmore and McNeil
on the morning of the 7th, and after
a spirited fight completely routed the
entlraa command, capturing all their ar
tillery, a vast quantity of small arms,
equipment and prisoners. McCausland
fled to the mountains.
Washington, Aug. 10. Sheridan re
ports his forces moving against the
enemy Up Shenandoah Valley. At 4
P. M. they were skirmishing about 15
miles from Winchester.
Washington, Aug. 10. The Richmond
Enquirer has the following diapatch:
Mobile, Aug. 9. Lieut.-Col. Williams,
commanding Fort Powell, evacuated
and blew up the fort on the 5th. It is
painfully humiliating to announce the
shameful surrender of Fort Gaines this
morning by Colonel Anderson, of the
Twenty-first Alabama regiment.
Baltimore, Aug. 8. The entire rebel
force has evacuated the Maryland side
of the Potomac. Earlyhas been mov
ing up the valley towards Winchester.
New York, Aug. 10. The Herald's
correspondent near Atlanta says the
operations around that city have settled
down, into a regular siege. We are
pounding away on every side.
Common Council An ordinance pro
viding for the grading-and laying of
sidewalks on Fourth street from Wash
ington to College street was laid on the
table.
The brick work on Parrish's corner
and the building of Cohn oi Lyon, ad
Joining it, has been completed, and the
builder, E. M. Burton, has moved his
force to the construction of engine
house No. 3.
On Monday last Mr. Inglander, a
highly respected citizen of Walla Walla,
was shot dead in his own house by
George D. Porter, formerly a resident
of this city, connected with the publi
cation of the Daily News.
A party of five or six gentlemen
started yesterday on a tour in the Cas
cade Mountains in the direction of Mt.
Jefferson.
name: only thino that is mw
Druga That Produce "Twilight Sleep"
Now In Use by Physician.
SALEM, Or.. Aug. 8. (To the Editor.)
In The Oregonian Thursday there
appeared a letter by Mrs. "M. H." ask
ing some questions regarding the "Twi
light Sleep" article or articles now ap
pearing in the McClure magazines.
The "Twilight Sleep" Is a new name,
but as far as I know that Is the only
new part of this treatment. It is, I
gather from the article in McClure's of
July, a partial anesthesia obtained by
the use of scopolamine and morphine.
If Mrs. M. H. will consult her family
physician she will find that this com
bination of medicines has been used
right here for several years. Or, if she
will go to any drug supply house she
will tind that they carry this medicine
in stock and that it is in every-day
use. The chances are that her nearest
druggist carries it and will tell her
that he supplies it to several physi
cians. This medicine is very similar, indeed,
to the "knockout drops" used In shang
halng sailors. She has no doubt heard
of it. Although I have never used
scopolamine and morphine in sufficient
doses to render a patient absolutely
unconscious, I have frequently used It
so that I have obtained an effect very
similar to that described in the -'Twilight
Sleep" article. I have not, though,
ever succeeded In relieving absolutely
all pain. Usually, however, if enough
is used the patient is sufficiently dazed
so that she remembers almost nothing
of what has occurred.
It is not necessary for Mrs. M. H.
to go to Europe or anywhere else to ob
tain skillful treatment or care during
the time of confinement. Her own phy
sician is no doubt able to administer
scopolamine and morphine to her as
well as can the two physicians in Ger
many. It is only necessary for her to
go to him and talk the matter over
with him to assure herself that this is
true.
If more women would do as Mrs.
M. H. has done. Just ask "Why?" or
"How about this?" when some widely
exploited "cure" appears, there would
be fewer of them wasting time, money
and health in' search of some benefit to
be derived from some source or other,
they are not sure Just what.
PHYSICIAN.
HARDNESS OF WATER IS DEFINED.
Interesting Experiment Show Density,
Which la Often Very Great.
American Magazine.
Here is a fact which is probably
novel to the average man1 who has not
spent much of his life thinking about
motor speed boats. This Is what we may
call the hardness of the water when a
boat Is running at speed. Water at
50 miles an hour is not the limpid
liquid we are accustomed to bathe in.
If you put your arm overboard from a
hydroplane running at 50 miles an
hour and strike a wave crest the prob
ability is that you will break your arm
or wrist, because at that speed the
water has not time to give, not time
even to change shape, and striking it
is like striking so much metal.
In the great hydraulic mining noz
zles where a stream of water under
enormous head Is used to wash down
hillsides, a swordsman, in attempting
to cut into one of these streams, will
shatter the sword without being able
to penetrate the water. The stream is
like a bar of iron. The fact that water
at relative speed Is so hard or that
its Inertia is so great, to be a little
more accurate is the reason why a
skipping stone travels over the sur
face, and is the reason why a hydro
plane boat slides over the surface in
stead of plowing its way through.
The picture we must have in our
minds, then, of a speed boat is that it
is traveling not in water, as we ordi
narily understand It, but over the sur
face of a seml-aolid, very much as a
sled travels over snow. The hardness
of water at 60 miles an hour we might
compare with the hardness of cheese
at rest.
The Mood of Peace
By Dean Collin.
Oh. I am sick of the war talk:
And sick of the babble of fight:
And out of the thick of the war talk,
I'd like to go stealing tonight
High up, where the hill tops are painted
With silvery wash o' the moon.
To loll on the greensward untainted
And list to the night-singers' tune.
I'd like Just to feel the soft stirring
Of Summer's light breeze through my
hair.
And sense the sharp wheel and soft
whirring
Of night-riding birds In the air;
To catch the sweet scene of the mosses,
And hear the soft sigh of the wood;
Forget about "campaigns" and "losses."
And feel that the old world is good.
For. oh, I am sick of the war talk:
The babble of combat and hate:
And out of the thick of the war talk
I'd like to go stealing, to wait
For the rise of the moon o'er the
ranges.
And the dew and the cool o' the
night.
Where the peace of the world never
changes
And the balance swings ever aright.
VALUE OF BAYONET IS DOUBTED.
Writer Drawa Conclusion Froaa Reaolta
Id Old-Style Battle.
WALLA WALLA. Wash.. Aug. 10.
(To the Editor.) I desire to call your
attention to the following facta in ref
erence to the use of the bayonet in
warfare:
On pages 685-6, volume 2, part 3, of
the Medical and Surgical History of
the War of the Rebellion, published by
our Government, you will find the fol
lowing language: "During the war
there were treated 246,712 esses of
wounds by weapons of war. Of these
922, or 0.37 per cent, were sabre and
bayonet wounds. The average per
centage of sabre and bayonet wound
in European wars during the last 20
years was 2.4 per cent. In comparison
with the large number of wounds the
number of sabre and bayonet wounds
seems insignificant, offering a striking
commentary upon the advance of mod
ern military science, and showing thai
with the general adoption of long-range
repeating firearms, the sabre and bay
onet are rapidly falling into, disuse
and that the time Is coming, if it has
not already arrived, when these old
and honored weapons will become ob
solete, and when such wounds from
these sources will be regarded rather
as Incidents of battle than as the re
sults of regular tactical maneuvers.
"Of the 922 cases of these injuries
reported in detail throughout the his
tory, a large proportion had their ori
gin in private quarrels or broils or
were Inflicted by sentinels in the dis
charge of their duty."
Upon examination we note that there
were only 400 bayonet wounds recorded,
with a mortality of 7.7 per cent. From
the volume above referred to I quote
a portion of a letter from Robert
Williams, Assistant Adjutant-General:
"Hand-to-hand skirmishes between
cavalry during the late rebellion were
not at all infrequent, but the pistol
and carbine were commonly relied
upon. Hand-to-hand combats between
cavalry mounted and infantry were.
I believe, of rare occurrence: In almost
every case the cavalry was dismounted
and fought as infantry."
Today cavalry is mounted Infantry,
valuable because of their superior mo
bility and not because of the obsolete
sabre.
The bayonet as an offensive weapon
has no value today.
It has been retained by all armies
In its present form because of its
value as an entrenching tool and camp
utility.
Stories and dispatches describing
bayonet charges appeal to our imag
inations. Calm investigation of such
stories as are taken as a text for your
editorial will almost always prove
them false, and that they originated in
the fertile imagination of some war
correspondent who was not there, but
many miles away.
W. M. VAN PATTEN.
The value of the bayonet In modern
warfare Is not to be disputed. While
It was decided by some tacticians a
number of years ago that the bayonet
charge was a thing of the past, yet
later military experience has shown
its tremendous value; particularly in
the Russo-Japanese campaigns, where
the bayonet was frequently the decid
ing factor. The value of the bayonet,
or its effectiveness, may not be fixed
from the number of wounds. Troops,
shaken by fire superiority and yet re
fusing to be shot out of their position,
seldom pause to contest the issue at
the point of the bayonet. This aaclent
weapon Is certain to be of much Im
portance In the great campaigns that
now impend. The subject was gone
into In detail editorially in The Ore
gonian Monday. The opinions of old
school tacticians are not always of the
highest value on the subject of mod
ern combat.
I LOVE YOU. OREGON.
The fairest land upon this earth has
truly won my love
I'll build a cozy cottage near a charm
ing seaside cove
Rich
vales around are water-kissed
ind blossoms as the rose
White mountains high and oceans nigh
their wondrous charms disclose
Farewell old East I'm settled now
no more I care to roam,
For I am in the grandest atate, 'tis
charming Oregon.
YV h i I e basking in my sunny nook
where roses ever bloom
They said that it was Winter time,
it seemed like sunny June.
The ice, the snow and freexlng winds
o'er Eastern lands held sway.
But here I heard ne singing birds
throughout th. balmy day.
I love the sea. the apple trees and
every mountain dome,
For I have found a paradise In the
atate of Oregon.
The folks of this delightful land have
grit and brain and brawn,
And with a will they do and dar,
they're moving on and on.
If you are young and full of life or
old and seeking rest.
Come cast your lot in this enchanted
spot for Oregon Is best.
A mighty throng has settled here and
millions more will come.
There is no place like the queen of
the West, like dear old Oregon.
The Great Canal will surely bless this
country more and more,
The ships with souls from every clim.
will anchor at our door.
Our virgin soil will soon be tilled, our
cities all expand,
Our rich commerce will grow and grow
and reach prosperities grand.
Great opportunities aro her. In ev.ry
shane and form.
Oh now is Just a splendid time to come
to Oregon.
WALTER J. WAY.
Ownership of Spolla of War.
Puck.
Parson Black (sternly) Did you
come by dat wateh-melyun honestly.
Bruddeh Bingy?
Thn Melon Toter ueea i aia, pan-
son; ebry day fo' nigh on two weeks!
Friendly Greeting; at Church.
London Punch.
Lady in Aisle (to lady In pew) Are
you Mrs. Fllktngton-Haycock?
Lady in Paw No.
Lady in Aisle Well. I am; and this
is her pew.
Little Editorials
on Business
Long-Winded Advertisers.
The other day a manufacturer
asked ait Oreproninn representative
regarding the planning and placing
of his advertising. He talked for
an hour and let go enough good
stuff about his line to fill a book.
He wanted to use a list of news
papers and several farm .inumals.
He insisted that the whole story of
his product, reputation and service
to the public should be told in four
advertisements.
Women read newspaper adver
tisements leisurly, but this was a
man's proposition and the adver
tiser was shown that his selling
argument in four installments
would be too loiig-wiuded and too
short-lived to produce lasting and
satisfactory results. A six months'
campaign was suggested.
The newspaper is the medium for
quick results. The average man
reads as he runs; therefore, you
must catch his eye and tell him
your story quickly.
Long-winded advertisements are
often profitable in magazines and
other publications that are read
leisurely, but they are out of plaoa
in the modern daily newspaper.
At this moment I have before
me an advertisement 1 column
wide and 10 inches deep. It is the
ad of a house that is going out of
business.
"It is hended-"Big Close-Out
Sale." Then follows a multitude
of reasons w hy this concern it go
ing out of business.
The entire advertisement is set
in bold type with a black border
around it, and the space is too
crowded. There is so much of it
that a vast number of people who
might be interested will not take
the time and trouble to read it. In
general style and attractiveness it
is not in keeping with the reputa
tion of this store.
An attractive illustration and a
short announcement, with two
inches of space all around it, would
have been vastly preferable to the
crowded, unsightly, flamboyant
and messv creation before me.
Examine this issue of The Ore
gonian and note the clean, attrac
tive typographical appearance of
thf advertisements. It is a part of
our business to prevent advertisers
from making mistakes like those
above mentioned.
We are always glad to tell you
what NOT to di. us well as advise
you what SHOULD BE DONE to
make your advertising sell goods
at a profit.
Twenty-Five Years Ago
From The Oreionlan of Aug. 12. 1SS.
Spokane Falls. Aug. 1 1. Rebuilding
will commence in earnest tomorrow.
An entertainment was given by the
drawing department of tho Twrnvereln
at Turner Hall yesterday.
George Bock, the painter, recently
gave up the buslneaa to devote hi at
tention to tho Silver Teak and Bob In
gersoll claims in the Cable Cove dis
trict. Baker County.
Jean Droullhat. the French res
taurateur. Is back from his visit t. hi
old home In the Puy de Dome, Franca.
President Tyler Woodward has or
dered that all bells be taken off the
horses on the Third-street horaecar line
on Sundays.
The basement of St. Patrick'! Cath
olic Church, on Eighteenth and S
streets Is finished and the stonework
ie under way. Father F. P. Glbney
says it will be opened about St. Pat
rick's day.
The new parsonage of Taylor-street
Methodist Episcopal Church. Ninth ami
Salmon street. 1 completed and Hev.
Alfred Kummer ha been living In It
for a week.
Leon Hlrich. of Meier Frank, ha
returned from Europe.
Governor Pennoyer is on the war
path. He is after the Fish Commission
this time.
JUST WHATtAllBS-iECOXI) WI.NM"
... i... i Ihitun I he i
lilvr Krrh
I. reap of Eneray Eaplalard.
Yale Review.
The probable explanation of the aec-
1. am fill OW: in ine
hreath) nc 0f an athletic peraon taklns
j JZataU exercise at sea level lack of
oxygen plays no nri. n
wholly due to an InoreaaM production
of carbonic acid tlmulatlng tha res
piratory center, whirl, respond propor
tionally. On every violent exertion at
sea level, however, and on even mod
erate exertion at a great altitude, tha
oxygen supply to the tissues of the
body is temporarily insufficient.
Substances other than carbonic acid,
such as lactic acid, are produced, and.
when theae substances reach the res
piratory center by the way o h.
blood they excite It to auch Mtivtty
that one overbreathes. That is. the
violent panting ventilates t;u. .-arbonlr
acid out of the blood more rapidly thai'
the body 1. producing It
stances which thu. over.tlnuil.te the
respiratory center are not volatile and
cannot be given off by W of th
lungs, but they appear to be rather
rapidly oxydlied In the 'Jood
When the carbonic acid has been
cons derably diminished a part of the
Sflmulus to the respiratory center Is
removed" so that on. can breath, more
moderately that 1. one g.t. his ..c
" wind '" Whan the exertion atopa
SET reduction of the stimulating aub
itances ceases, and the quantity of
"arbon'c acid In tho blood having been
reduced below th. amount nece.aary to
stimulate the re.plratory c.nt.r one
"all. into a period of apnoe followed
Uy v . . t y
nltiv. rovernor and
Miianie wltn
Breathing oxygen under
no ,j, - - ,h.-
theae condition m.i.i.. " , I .
lion of the acid substance, which har.
accumulated In the blood.
Friendly MM ""h.
Puck. ,
. Mr Gotrox That there .culptor
f.U.r says h.' a-goln' to make a bust
"'mTs' Gotrox Henry, It's Ju.t turrl
ble the way you talk. Say "burst."
Slneere bat OI.aareear.le.
Detroit Free Press.
Do you b.li.ve h.' .Incere?" "I
do. He aays auch a lot of disagreeable
but truthful things.
Ilushnnil of Hrmlllnnre.
Baltimore American.
"Mrs. Smith has a husband who pays
her unremitting attention when ah. -I.
away." "I would rath.r have a hus
band of cash-r.mlttlns attention."