MP!
MORNING OREGONIAN, SATURDAY, JTJXY
1914.
11,
t.
rUK'ILASU, OREGON.
Catered at Portland. Oregon. Postofflce as
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PORTLAND, SATURDAY, JULY H, 1914.
THEY ARE GETTING TOGETHER.
Recommendations made by the
Chicago Association of Commerce to
President Wilson in regard to anti
trust legislation are a welcome evi
dence that all big business is not op
posed to law against monopoly. The
President's reception of the Chicago
nmm1ttoe'a criticisms on the Coving
ton bill shows that his mind is open
to suggestions from those wno are in
apcnri! with his sreneral purpose.
Thus progress is made toward that
reconciliation between the ijovern
ment and big business for which the
President has expressed a desire.
The majority of the Chicago sug
gestions will commend themselves to
the sound Judgment of the people.
The danger Is that in attempting to
define illegal practices Congress may
by implication legalize others which
should also be condemned. The Sher
man law Is broad enough to cover all
and the Supreme Court's decisions
have defined many of those practices
which contravene its spirit, and will
define others as time passes. The
Interstate Trade Commission should
have jurisdiction over the acts of in
dividuals and firms as well as those
of corporations, for unscrupulous
men are as ready to dodge the law by
doing business in the former capacity
as they now are in using corporations.
The committee's support of the
prohibition of unfair competition is,
however, inconsistent with its oppo
sition to an extensive system of defi
nitions and with Its statement that
the criterion Is not whether compe
tition is to some extent reduced, but
whether the practice Is fair or rea
sonable and not against the public
Interest. The same criterion should
be applied to methods of competition.
Practices which may be legitimate as
adopted by one of many competitors
would be held illegitimate when used
to establish or maintain a monopoly.
The test of legality should be the
purpose and the inevitable effect of
acts or practices. The Supreme
Court has applied this test in the oil
and tobacco decisions, for It held the
methods adopted in destroying com
petition to be evidence of the pur
pose to establish monopoly. It can
surely be trusted to continue the
same rule of Judgment.
The danger that in the effort to
prevent unfair competition as prac
ticed for the purposes of monopoly.
Congress may restrict that healthy
competition which anti-trust laws are
designed to keep alive was well
brought out by Senator Borah in the
opening debate on the Newlands bill,
when he said:
The other day I received a letter from a
gentleman who Is in favor of a trade com
mission which should have power to fix
prices, and In criticism of my criticism of
this trade commission, and he gave me as
an Illustration this situation:
"Here I am engaged In a particular in
dustrv. My large competitor has lowered
prices all over the country In order to get
rid of us small men."
Doubtless It appeared to him as a propo
sition that was unfair. If the prices had
been lowered In that particular locality and
kept np elsewhere, nobody would dispute
the proposition: but, as I drew from his
letter, there had been, so far aa his Industry
waa concerned, a lowering of price beyond
the point where the small man could do
business, and therefore he wanted a regu
lation of prices which would enable him to
That undoubtedly would be a satisfactory
proposition to the small competitor if bis
business was In a failing condition; but how
about the consumers throughout the coun
try? Would a commission say that that
was unfair competition that because a
large business could afford, by reason of the
saving In overhead charges, and so forth, to
sell at a lower price it waa unfair for them
to sell at the lower price simply because
smaller concerns could not afford to sell for
that price T
The same objection applieg to the
sections forbidding price discrimina
tion betweeri different persons and
forbidding mining companies to sell
to all comers. They would tend to
Governmental price-fixing and thus
tend to destroy competition. If the
trade commission in the first Instance
and If the courts finally found that
these practices were incidents of an
effort to restrain trade and to create
monopoly, they would condemn these
practices in the particular circum
stances then under consideration.
These flaws in the bill show the
need of reposing broad discretion in
the commission, that it may, on its
own initiative, discover the practices
of all who are engaged in interstate
trade and may apply the law and Its
Judicial interpretation to each case in
deciding whether there is cause for
prosecution.
AN INVALID.
The fact that a Pennsylvania wom
an lived to be 100 years old, although
an Invalid from birth, shows the pos
sibilities of longevity when there
Is proper care of the intricate
human machine that tides us
through a brief span of years
on this earth. It goes without say
ing that the secret of this woman's
long life lay In the scrupulous care
with which she safeguarded the de
fective mechanism which Fate ac
corded her. Born an invalid, accus
tomed to sickness from the hour
when she first opened her eyes, she
grew up with a full realization of the
limitations of her frail physique. Her
body would not stand abuse or ex
cess, so she did not impose unusual
strains upon it. So, always carefully
guarding the smouldering embers of
life, she crept past milestone after
milestone In life's journey, outliving
those who had been rollicking young
sters about her and who, doubtless,
had pitied her frailty even as she had
envied their strength and vigor.
The explanation Is that the average
person of bounteous health is unlike
ly to recognize bodily limitations.
Knergy is spent with a lavish disre
gard of health and in the end the old
body cannot stand up under the pace.
When physical protests from the
abused mechanism Interpose many
people heed them, and so live on to
a ripe old age. Others disregard them
and pass on prematurely. Very often
It rs the breaking down of a single
organ that causes dissolution a sin
gle organ that has been the victim of
abuse through patient years.
Something of similarity is offered
by the lifetime of a wagon or auto
mobile In different hands. One man
will get the maximum of service
through his scrupulous care of the
parts of the machine and a careful
recognition of its limitations. An
other will jam it along into an early
wreck. Of course some makes of
machines are more durable than
others, even as some bodies are of
sterner qualities. But the case of the
invalid just cited makes clear that
care is the main thing. If you want
to get the maximum of service out of
your body and live to enjoy a hun
dred years of worldly bounties the
secret lies in taking proper care of
Its parts.
HOOD RIVER'S OPPORTUNITY.
It is not exaggeration to predict
that each year there will be expended
in Hood River County, not including
expenditures for land, a new sura
i equal to, if not more than, the prin
cipal of the road bond Issue If the
bonds carry at the election next
Wednesday. It will be money that
would not be expended in Hood River
County but for the completion of the
Hood River link of the Columbia
River .Highway.
In Multnomah County, alone, there
are upwards of 8000 automobiles and
motorcycles. As the beauties of the
Journey become known there will
hardly be one owner of a vehicle who
will not cover the trip at least once a
season. Many will make the journey
several times. Without a doubt reg
ular sightseeing trips will be inaugu
rated for visitors and those who are
not fortunate enough to possess their
own cars. Add to this the tourist
travel attracted by the spreading
fame of the Columbia River Highway
and it Is not difficult to forecast im
mediate benefits. A small expendi
ture by each traveler will make up
the $76,000. And they are benefits
exclusive of those that will accrue o
a community that has latent oppor
tunities, once such opportunities are
offered to the appreciative eye.
The Oregonian has heretofore said
that the characcer of the road work
renuired and the peculiar situation
of Hood River County would iustlfy
state aid In the building of its portion
of the highway. But an acceptable
substitute for state aid is now offered.
Mr. S. Benson guarantees that the
bond proceeds amounting to J75,000
will complete the work. In other
words, he will provide any excess re
quired over that amount. It is gen
erally admitted that $75,000 Is con
siderably less than the prospective
cost of the road. But the additional
money required will be forthcoming.
Private enterprise and individual
good-roads enthusiasm will fill the
gap.
The Oregonian believes that the
people of Hood River County will be
better able financially to construct
local roads through the Hood River
Valley if the Columbia River High
way is first completed.
MOST YICIOUS OP ALL.
If there are two competing manu
facturing plants in a community,
each valued at $6000 exclusive of site,
one owned by four men under a part
nership agreement, the other owned
by a close corporation in which there
are four stockholders. Is there any
earthly reason why one should not
pay as much taxes as the other?
if the so-called $1600 exemption
measure be passed the partnership
ninnt win he whollv exempt from
taxation; the plant owned by the cor
poration will pay taxes on the run
SfiOOO valuation. This Is a construc
tion put on the measure by compe
tent legal authority.
The $1500 exemption runs against
ih Tierson. Each "person" is enti
tled to $1500 exemption on his or her
dwelline-house. household furniture,
livestock, machinery, orchard trees,
inoa hushes shrubs, nursery stock.
merchandise, buildings and other im-
rovements. Owing to the legal dis
tinction between partnerships and
corporations, the exemption would
apply to each member of a partner
ship owning any of the foregoing
property, but would not apply to any
of the stockholders In a corporation
owning similar property.
There will be a somewhat similar
application to homes. Much proper
ty is owned in severalty. That is, the
deed runs to husband and wife. Each
possesses an undivided one-half In
terest. On a home assessed at $3000
thus owned, there will be an exemp
tion of $3000, for husband and wife
will each be entitled to an exemption
of $1500. But the homo of the
wiaow, or the home owned in the
name of husband or wife alone and
valued at $3000 like the other, will
be half-taxed.
The amendment is promotive of
gross unfairness in taxation and Is
provocative of evasion of taxes. Its
inception was quite properly accom
panied by worse than misrepresenta
tion. On the back of the first copies
distributed the statement was made
that automobiles are now exempt
from taxation and that notes, ac
counts and mortgages are exempt in
most counties. Truth is that auto
mobiles are not exempt. At the time
the argument was written there were
5 000 motor vehicles on the tax rolls
in Multnomah County alone and there
are now approximately 8000. Notes
and accounts were assessed last year
in all but two counties of Oregon, and
the total valuation of notes, accounts
and moneys placed on the tax rolls
was $19,000,000.
Jokerized and born in deception,
the $1500 exemption amendment is
the most vicious measure on the
ballot.
TALKING BY MATT,,
Use of the dictaphone for writing
letters to his mother whose sight is
falling is the practical plan adopted
by a Portland man. The strange
thing Is that such a plan was not
brought into general use long ago.
The dictaphone has been used for
years as a medium of transmit
ting letters to stenographers. Why
should It not become a formidable
rival of the letter, or even replace
that instrument for thought commu
nication altogether.
No matter how strikingly phrased
the letter may be, there Is a certain
cold impersonality about it. It is a
medium only a trifle less crude than
that used by primitive man. Certain
strokes suggest certain letters and
combinations of letters suggest words,
which. in combinations, convey
thoughts. Very often the thoughts
of one Individual are not accurately
transmuted to the mind of another.
especially if one or the other lacks ;
skill in the intricate technique of the,
game.
How different is the human voice.
i, i ..,.., ti.,,100 mcaninc thn 1
most escape even in the most skillful
... l
use of the pen. An inflection here
UDO Ji. L 1 1 1.. Jcu. . . 1. ........ ...... ,
. . , . i .. I 1. ,
an empnasis mere ana wnui mviu
prove baffling in ink is as clear as
aay. .extremes anu iiitei siiauco ... ,
.1 - J on hoi
emuuuii nuu leciuig mvcoc ......
deftly portrayed. Hence it would not
ho onrnrlfllnir If trip anvantaffp.s of th
dictaphone should one day be recog
nized to the extent that the postman
will be distributing small cylindrical
missives rather than the thin oblong
slips of today.
REFORMING THE CALENDAR.
Easter, as all readers know, is a
movable feast. Sometimes it falls in
the last fortnight of March. Some
times it glides in the most capricious
mnnrtp.r nvfr Into Artril. Since the
fashionable world makes Easter the
occasion for displaying new ana
gorgeous raiment, these changes in
its date naturally cause dismay
among tradesmen. A March master
means great losses to the milliners,
fnr oTHmnlp The national German
chamber of commerce declares that
March Easter costs their country
million marks. No doubt other
nations suffer in the same degree.
But far more serious man mesc
mere financial calamities are me
lacerated feeliners of devout society
leaders the world over, when a too
early Easter dulls the hilarity of
their escape from Lent. Lawless as
Rneitor unnpam to be. its movements
are nevertheless subject to strict ruie.
It always comes upon the first sun
day after the first full moon follow
ing the vernal equinox. If the vernal
equinox itself is distinguished by a
full moon, as it is sometimes, then
the next Sunday is Easter.
Tho feast is an extremely ancient
one and, as this rule clearly indicate!?,
it was originally connected with moon
worship. In Christian times its sig
nificance was, of course, entirely al
tered, but its old connection with the
moon's changes was unhappily toler
ated and commerce still feels the
consequences. Perceiving the neces
sity for reform in this matter, the
Congress of Chambers of Commerce
which met in Paris at the beginning
of June warmly discussed a funda
mental alteration of the calendar. The
International association of learned
academies also took up the "subject
and actually worked out a plan of
reform which the world has only to
adopt to get rid of its Easter worries
with a thousand others.
The proposed arrangement gives
thirty days to every month but
March, June, September and Decem
ber, which have thirty-one. me
Der, wnicn nave inn ij -one.
months begin on different days of the
1 . ,
montns Degin on umeii-ni ujb ui
week, but the same month always
begins on the same aav. teDruary,
. . . , . .
for example, always Degins wxiu
Wednesday and March with Friday,
The thirty-first of any month always
falls on Sunday. The year nas dm
days. Now Year's being blank,
year day is also blank.
Leap
iri THE SUN COOLING?
Astronomers are diligently occu
pied Just now in measuring the radi
ant energy of the sun. They have
long suspected that the central body
of our solar system was a "variable
star" and their current observations
go far toward proving it. The radia
tions, including heat and light, some
times vary as much as 10 per cent
within a few days if their measure
ments are dependable. But these
changes are only temporary and in
the Jong run they seem to balance
one another so that we need not fall
into an immediate panic over the
cooling of the sun and the end of all
things earthly.
The poet Byron foresaw such a
consummation of our history in one
of those "Dreams" which haunted his
genius. He tells us that in his vision
"the bright sun was extinguished ana
the Icy earth hune blind and black
ening in the moonless air." Without
the sun the moon could not shine
and consequently the human race had
no light but the stars, which proved
inadequate. Nothing grew on the
earth's surface. The domestic ani
mals perished for want of sustenance
and human beings, occupied with the
exclusive quest of food, resorted to
strange expedients to keep them
selves alive, and each person when
he found anything edible, "sat sul-
lehlv aDart gorging nimseir in
art gorsms iiiiiiacii. p"
The end of it all was the
o-lrtrtm Th a end of
pTtini-tlnn of mankind and the wild
rush of a dead world through space.
The measurements or me sun s ra
diant energy which astronomers are
now making date back to an inven
tion nt s P T.a.nrlev's. This creat
scientist received only partial credit
for his achievements aunng nis uie-
time. It is now acknowledged that
he was the true inventor of the aero
nipnp alrhniia-h the machine which
he constructed failed to fly upon trial,
through some trivial defects. A new
experiment with it only the other
rlov T-ovealed that it was bunt on
correct principles and would do all
that Langley hoped for It. The in
strument which he inveifted to meas
ure the sun's radiations is called a
bolometer. It depends upon a very
simple electrical principle.
When two strips of metal are un
equally heated a current of electricity
flows between them lr they are joinea
hv a. wire. A galvanometer properly
placed will register this current, no
matter how feeble, and thus almost
infinitesimal changes of temperature
he detected. Laneley used ex
tremely delicate strips of platinum in
his bolometers. rney were so sen
sitive that they would register a
change in temperature amounting to
no more than the millionth ot a ae-
gree. With this subtle instrument it
is nosslble to detect the differences
of radiant energy in the various col
ors of the solar spectrum. The neat,
for exam Die. increases toward the red
end. Beyond the red, where the spec
trum looks dark, there is still more
energy, though it affects neither the
eye nor the photographic plate.
Armed with apparatus of this sort,
which has been improved since Lang
ley's death, astronomers have of late
been taking regular observations of
the sun's radiations: The work is
carried on at many stations by care
ful pmprta and if it is continued long
enough it will finally "disclose whether
our luminary is cooling or not. His
tory affords but little warrant for
believing In any permanent change or
the sun's temperature for countless
thousands of years. The same crops
thrive in Egypt now as in the days
of the Pharaohs. So far as we can
learn the climate of Hindostan has
not varied within the scope of re
corded time and much the same may
be said of many other countries
where man has dwelt for ages. Still
th.,-, arp some facts on the other
side of the question. In Roman times
the country about uartnage
was
P .1 P tta nvK.,T,) fertility
. i i piahp rt e
,OW It 1- a. ij rt-i icii uracil. pi. o i
pretty certain again that the great I
1 m ier-ations from Asia which re-
peopled Europe in the dawn of his-
n,A-A ct rvincr Viv artPimtVP ell-
tcrv were set eoine by extensive cli-
. - -
I . tin V, .. trau T?nt tha rH 1IRA O f
"""'. '"""s"'
them may have been something very
........ ... ...... D-
rjpmlnerv ppma to teach that the
I c j
temperature of the earth itself has
nnr nltp.rp.rl much for millions Of
years, though the climate may con
stantly vary upon its surface. For
merly tropical plants and animals
flourished at the North Pole and
there was a time when the State of
Washington was covered with ice.
Having so many and such confusing
facts to reckon with, no wonder the
astronomers are puzzled to decide
w,hether the sun is cooling or not.
BRYAN FINDS A CHAMPION.
In his zeal for the honor and dig
nity of Secretary Bryan, Representa
tive Rainey "put his foot in it" the
other day. He denounced the pro
posal to make the new commercial
attaches appointees of the Secretary
of Commerce on the ground that they
should be appointed by the Secretary
of State and he remarked: "Now It
seems to have become the custom
nnwjuiflvs and Ihrouffhout the coun
try to gratuitously heap insult upon
the Secretary of State.'' ile nastenea
to explain that he did not mean this
was done in a personal way, but that
there was a disposition to detract
from the State Department He was
put to confusion when It was ex
plained that Mr. Bryan was quite
u-illlne- to have the attaches put un
der Mr. Redfleld's authority.
There is an element of truth in
what Mr. Rainey said, however. Mr.
Bryan has been made the butt oi
nearly all the gibes at the Adminis
tration. Why is this? The explana
tion seems to be that his department
has most often laid Itself open to
criticism. Critics pounce upon those
who most invite criticism, and the
antics of Mr. Bryan and those in his
Henartment surinlv rich material. A
department Is respected just in pro
portion as Its head manes it respect
wnrthv Wn heard no such running
fire of sarcasm and ridicule at the
pvnpnsp of the State Department in
the days of Secretary Hay and Secre
tary Root as we hear in those of Sec
retary Bryan. The reason is that
thev Inspired respect by their policy.
actions and conduct, while he does
not.
Chairman Fitzgerald's economy-
knife was waived aside when the
House in committee adopted an
amendment increasing from $300, oou
p Ann onn th nnnrnnrlfltion for ex-
,.-------
amlnatlon of land by the Geological
I i...p (noltv rlpfpfltprl the
I - - - -
Survey, but he finally defeated the
increase "y "c
.. I ,. ,i , thtc nnrl Flenrp-
rsmu sanev " v...-
sentatlve Raker, of Colorado, made a
linchlne- argument for the increase
n-han h p said the survey had to de-
termine the character of land sought
as reservoir sites ana mat men nau
been held up for three or four years
by delay of surveys. tie citea an
example, saying:
There 1m a case at hand where a man came
to Washington a short time ago. and his
claim had been held up three yeani. There
was plenty of water, plenty of land over
1000 acres plowed; no water to put on It.
because they would not permit him to put
in a dam to hold the flood water, which
was running to waste, because there was no
examination made by the Oeological Survey.
This man had to go out and expend from
110,000 to 116,000 to buy hay over the coun
try, when he could have raised it on his own
ground and Improved and developed the
country. It was only during the last two or
three weeks that he got the thing through.
But there Is plenty of pork for
rivers which are not and cannot be
navigated.
A statement is going the rounds of
the press that "within the past week
seven carloads of Oregon wool were
shipped from Madras to Boston." In
the main this is correct, except that
more than half the weight ordinarily
Is dirt that would better for all con
cerned be extracted and kept In the
state for use as fertilizing material.
The freight bill, of course, would be
much less, and there's the rub.
Here Is something for the school
boy to paste in the back of his "Jog
raphy": A high school professor,
drawn on a jury, was late in court
and the judge made him stay in dur
ing recess.
a . l. aPI,,-, aya in ha PrrPlP(l
.viuauit cuiLuia o-1
for disclosing military secrets at Pan
ama. .IUHL a.3 1L Lilt? ljvjvb px.L.wat
didn't have a full statement of our
comic opera military assets.
The Navy has developed a wonder
ful new explosive, the secret of which
is worth fortunes. Bryan and Dan
iels should put it under the hammer.
Still Miss Hobbs ought to be quite
an expert In the Tumalo Inspection,
having qualified as an irrigation ex
pert at Copperfield.
There Is to be a double style in
coats this Fall and a change in mid
season. Is Fashion trying to bank
rupt us?
Suizer is said to be a menace to
Teddy. Not to mention what Teddy
is to Suizer should he decide to run.
An Albany widow who refused a
pension and went to work should be
awarded a niche in the Hall of Fame.
There must have been something
wrong with Mexico's second city if
poor, old Obregon could capture it.
It is up to you to say whether all
the poor little folks are to get a trip
to the country this Summer.
The Senate passed 122 bills in three
hours. Getting desperate as vacation
time approaches the zenith.
The big cooperage concern locating
at St. Johns does not mind the arid
signs in the skies.
Next time the Colonel goes hunt
ing, let htm come to Polk County and
get a bear.
Now the public market is on a
practical basis, with best prospects
of success
We recommend Miss Hobbs for Ad
jutant of the West-Hennessy cavalry
regiment.
An Invalid lived to be 100, while the
athlete very often' fails to pass the
40 mark.
There was
"Katy Flyer"
away.
no McDuffle on the
and the bandits got
Th 'FIVr who must stay at home Is
casting a longing look toward Denver.
Tj .. t,1 hi, the hlcrrptfit nf All drenrT-
xj ' cwm -
noughts will be a new Oregon.
Half a Century Ago
: From The Oregonian of July 11. 1804.
Baltimore, July 7. Intelligence
from the region about Maryland
Heights and beyond warrants the be
lief that the rebel force this side of the
Potomac and on the line of Virginia is
not less than 30.000. Governor Curtin
telegraphs to Washington that 20,000
rebels had crossed at Point of Rocks.
New York, July 7. The World says
It is understood that nothing the rebels
can do in the Shenandoah Valley will
induce Grant to send any portion of
his army to Its defense.
Chambersburg, Pu., July 6. Rebels,
supposed to be Bradley's or Johnston's
brigade, entered Hagerstown this aft
ernoon. The Federal force, after a
spirited resistence, was compelled to
fall back on Greencastle.
Petersburg, Va.. July 2. Today wit
nessed one of the most exciting artil
lery battles of the war. After two
hours cannonading, the rebel batteries
were completely silenced and the rebels
driven from the place. At 3 o'clock
P. M. the enemy again opened fire, but
after two hours' Are their batteries
were again silenced. The bombard
ment of the city is steadily doing its
work. A large number of buildings are
already destroyed.
New York, July 7. A committee
headed by Admiral Anson has been
formed in London to raise by general
subscriptions a fund for purchasing a
handsome sword to replace -that which
Semmes lost by the sinking of the Ala
bama. It is reported that a consider
able sum has been raised in London for
the same purpose.
A correspondent describes a trip to
the Santiam mines in company with G.
H. Jones, of the Oregon Cavalry, and
Commodore Bryant. They camped one
night at Indian Prairie under the
branches of four gigantic fir trees.
where a bark and bough shelter had
been prevlouusly constructed as a
matter of necessity, as would appear
from the following notice posted on
the premises: "Notice! All persons
visiting this camp pitch in and take
good care not to burn this house down,
as it is a good place in a rain storm
for a poor, wayfaring traveler. We
built this in a terrible rain storm and
hope no person will have as wet bodies
as we had that night. Signed. Cooper,
Newman, Williams and others. June 16,
1864.
The bark Helen W. Almy. now lying
at Couch's wharf, has a little the larg
est samples of big guns that ever did
in Pnrtiund The Inrsrest are
two 15-inch Columbiads, 18 feet long,
4 feet in diameter at the butt, taper
ing down to 25 Inches at the muzile.
Two others of 10-lnch caliber are on the
same vessel. These guns will be dis
tributed to the various works for forti
fying the mouth of the Columbia.
We have been placed under obliga
tions by Mr. Dufur. of East Portland,
for choice samples of the product of
his dairy.
It Is but a very few years since there
were hardly buildings enough north of
Vine street on Couch's Addition, to de
fine what were lots and what were not.
With few exceptions the whole section
was uninhabited and some say unin
habitable. Now everything has changed
and steadily the city has pushed out
ward until it has extended rearly over
the entire space and we see fine or
chards, comfortable homes and the
pleasant surroundings of life.
Four very valuable homestead lots
were sold at auction on Saturday by
A. B. Richardson. The lots were on
block 231, between Seventh and Park
and Washington and Alder streets. No.
1 and 2 sold to E. Mllwaln, the first
at 1800, the second at 1560. Lots 4
and 5 sold to James MeCown, the two
at $936.
Charles Freeman, long connected
with the County Clerk's office, goes
into the employ of Captain Flavel at
Astoria.
The Ainsworth Mill Company com
pleted its organisation by the selec
tion of J. C. Ainsworth. R. R. Thomp
son and D. F. Bradford as directors.
Captain Ainsworth was elected presi
dent and George M. Murray secretary.
ONE WOMAN'S PLAINT.
To visit lands across the seas;
To see the Alps and Pyrenees;
To know Paris and hear its din;
My heart's desire has always been.
To cross the Ocean wide and blue;
And Monte Carlo visit, too;
The peasants know in country home;
In fact abroad Id love to roam,
instead at homo I calmly sit;
Do housework, plan, tend babes and
knit;
Make all the clothes for youngsters
five,
And keep my husband's love alive.
While my mind is in fair Italy,
a h heat and hrpiln are o'er the sea.
I scrub the floors, make beds and
sweep,
Mend hubby's socks, put babe asleep.
Sometimes at night I steal away,
And travels read; then dream by day
That I am in some foreign clime,
With heaps of gold and scads of time.
Perhaps, some day, when I am gray,
And ace has ta'en desire away.
The chance may come when 'tis too
late;
To grant my prayer. Ah! cruel fate.
Her Neighbor.
I've seen the mountains and the trees;
I've seen the valleys and the seas;
Castles and shrines of every style;
The pyramids, the River Nile.
I've braved Sahara's desert glow;
I've dwelt in Russia's Arctic snow;
Have climbed the Alps, the Jungfrau
too;
Lived 'neath Italia's storied blue.
Tve met the Scotsman on his heather;
Dared. London's fog atrocious weather;
Have toured Glengarry, Dublin, Cork;
Spent seasons, too, in old New York.
But not one spot that is my own
I care to give the name of home;
No dainty girl or sturdy boy
To fill my lonely heart with Joy.
Oh, God! Take all the wealth I have;
It is not gold or fame I crave;
Just grant to me the ope great good
The Joys and cares of motherhood.
Horace William MacNeal.
AVIATION LESSON FROM BIRDS.
Airmen May Learn Meckanlcal Balance
From Creatnrea Without Brain.
Berlin Cor. New York Times
At a recent meeting at Dresden of
the Society for Aeronautics and Avia
tion, Professor Conheim, of Hamburg,
lectured on the problem of balance in
the air.
T- Pnnnn Pnnhalm HrPW il narallpl
between birds and aeroplanes. He
gave a demonstration witn living aoves
oni Daaviiiia fmm which the cerebum
magnum had been extracted and
showed that Balance witn tnese oiros
muIm m Ah a n !a 1 Having hppn
ttpa puicpj, i . . v 1. "
deprived of their brain, the birds could
exert no will power, ana mainiamea
i.Bi, hoianoe simniv hv reflex move
ments of the head, tall and wings.
jrroiessor uonneuii pigueu num liho
pvnp It mle-ht ha nnppihlp in flipp rn
..... it. uiiau. " 1- i --- --
Invent automatic machinery which
would Keep an aeroplane suiuje wtri
out requiring any attention from the
airman.
REASON FOR MARRIED TEACHERS
Schoolmarm Type BMM t Tesich Sex
Hygiene.
PORTLAND. July 10. (To the Edi
tor.) The discussion at St. Paul as to
teaching sex-hygiene in the public
schools emphasizes another argument
in favor of having married teachers.
There is a disposition on the part
of too many of our female school
teachers to assume an lgnorantly prud
ish attitude with regard to sex and
to think that therefore they somehow
assure for themselves greater "purity"
and a mystic superiority.
So acuta has this attitude ot mind
become on the part of a good many
women teachers who have been in har
ness for a considerable time that a dis
tinct type has been created. It Is the
species known as "schoolmarm." some
times called the third American sex.
The word connotes a rather slender fe
male, considerably faded, with a prim
face, and the corners of her mout'.i
drooping downward the outward
signs of a stunted, embittered, arid in
ner life.
For such, as Rosa Mayreder, the
Austrian feminist, has well saia, me
natural invariably denotes the impro
per. The origin of the morbid
"schoolmarm" estimation of life's com
parative values can beat be explained
by the Freudian psychology, which
makes clear most mental conflicts and
hysterias. Perfectly normal impulses,
supposedly "mastered," are really only
temporarily repressed, and take their
revenge by coming to the surface of
consciousness again in all sorts oi p
normal, fantastic and vagarious forms,
recognized by the alienists as obses
sions, delusions and phobias.
That the nresence of a large num
ber of "schoolmarms" In our publlo
schools has become a problem, is rec
ognized by a distinguished educator.
Prof. J. McKeen Cattell. of Columbia
University. New York. This authority,
referring to a preponderance of "de
vitalized and unsexed spinsters." pro
poses a possible drastic remedy. In
the Popular Science Monthly. January,
1909, he throws out this suggestion:
"The ultimate result of letting the cell-
bate female be the usual teacher has
lipcn such its to make it a question
whether It would not le an advantage
to the country If the whole school plant
could bo scrapped."
We shall never have sex-hygiene
successfully taught in the public
schools until our society, including
school teachers, becomes sane, whole
some and natural in Its attitude to
ward sexual subjects. At present most
of us. and especially a large percent
age of public school teachers, are still
suffering from the uncleanllness of
asceticism.
To overcome this unfortunate condi
tion perfectly healthy, intelligent, cap
able and sympathetic married teach
ers can contribute more than single
teachers ever will be able to do.
(MISS) M. M.
OFFICIAL PARSIMONY I CAPITAL
Rf-llrn of WHaon Deprlvril of Mall
Service by Erotaomlxlnc Demot-rata.
WILSON, Or., July 7. (To the Edi
tor.) To Bhow how the Democratic
Administration is practicing economy
take the case of our postofflce, which
has been established for over 20 years.
The contract was to be let this Spring
before July 1. The former mallcarrlcr
took the contract before the parcel
post was established at about $700 a
year for a trl-weekly service. The route
is 25 miles long, over the summit of
the Coast Range, which sometimes has
a depth of seven feet of snow, and
every year has snow so deep that a
horse must go over it every day or the
trail will be blocked.
The parcel post at times has been a
great burden to this carrier on horse
back, but our great and generous Gov
ernment was making a record for econ
omy out of him, so all was well. But
when the. new contract was to be let
no one could be found who would take
It as cheap as those, sitting In tbelr
fine offices in Washington, considered
right. No thought enters the mind of
those sleek city men of the poor mail
carrier out in the rain, cold nml snow,
struggling along to make 2 a day
and pay for his own utid horse's keep.
No welfare commission looks after
these poor, ill-fed, ill-clothed servants
of a rich Government.
One man applied for the contract at
$800 a year for twice a week service,
but the wise men in the Postofflce De
partment said it was entirely too much,
and would not give him the contract.
Then they advertised for bidders for
the once-a-week service, but no one
would bid, so since July 1 we have had
no mall. The Department Jias notified
the postmaster here that he will be al
lowed to hire a carrier himself, but
must not pay him more than two-thirds
nf hla own compensation, which Is
about $40 a year. Thus the matter
stands. We have no mall service.
The Glenora Weather Bureau Sta
tion has been kept here without pay
for 22 years. It will have to be dis
continued if there Is no way to send
out the reports. Such a long record
through such a term of years is cer
tainly valuable, as the chief observer
In Portland assures us It Is, but the
Democrats must economize. There are
20 or SO people near here who will
certainly go to the polls this Fall, rain
or no rain, and do all they can to put
Republicans Into office. Nothing makes
people more angry with the Govern
ment than to deprive them of the mall.
Wo settlers would surely rather do
without the parcel post than to be de
prived of our letters and The Orego
nian, but we are helpless in the hands
of the officeholders In Washington.
MRS JENNIE A. REEHER.
WAR OF BLOOD IN OLD MEXICO
Astee Kingdom Based on Butchering of
Captives, and General Ruin.
Pittsburg Dispatch.
Based on conquest as the Aztec king
dom was. and with the most blood
thirsty religion the world ever saw, the
nation was, above all, a fighting com
munity. To be a tried soldier waa the
road to honor and office, and the King
could not be enthroned till he had with
his own hand taken captives to be
butchered on the war-god's altar at his
coronation. The common soldiers were
promoted for acts of daring, and the
children of chiefs were regularly
trained to war, and Initiated by being
sent into battle with veterans, with
whose aid the youth took his first
prisoner, but his future rise depended
on how many captives he took unaided
in fight with warlike enemies; by such
feats he gained the dignity of wearing
colored blankets, tassels and lip-Jewels,
and reached such military titles as
that of "guiding eagle." The Mexican
military costumes are to be seen In the
picture-writings, where the military
orders of Princes, eagles and tigers are
known ty their braided hair, eagles'
beaks and spotted armor. The common
soldiers- went Into battle brilliant In
savage war-paint, but those of higher
rank had helmets like birds and beasts
of prey, armor of gold and stiver,
wooden greaves, and especially the ich
capllll, the quilted cotton tunic two
fingers thick, so serviceable as. a pro
tection from arrows that the Spanish
Invaders were glad to adopt it. The
archers shot well and with strong bows.
though their arrows were generally
tiDPed only with stone or bone; their
shields or targets, mostly round, were
of ordinary barbaric forms; the spears
or Javelins nan neaas oi onsiaian or
bronze, and were sometimes hurled with
soear-thrower or atlatl. of which
pictures and specimens still exist, show
ing it to be similar in principle to tnose
used by the Australians and Eskimo.
The most characteristic weapon of the
Mexicans was the maquahultl or tisna
wood," a club set with two rows of
large, sharp obsidian flakes, a well
directed blow with which would cut
down man or horse.
Twenty-Five Yea- Ago
Fr im The Oreonian of July It. IMS.
Ellensburg. July 10. The loan
offices havo been crowded all day with
people anxious to mortgage property
for money to rebuild The leading
agencies have no hesitancy In negoti
ating long loana at 1 or 9 per cent net
on gilt-edged business property, soma
even going as low as 7.
Salem, July 10. Thomas Ksy. chlaf
projector of the woolsn mill, who has
been in the Eastern states and Eng
land purchasing machinery, arrived
here today. A company will be or
ganized on Monday and the contract
let for the building of a mill.
Victoria. B. C. July 10. F. J. Bar
nard, one of the early plonoors of Brit
ish Columbia, died this morning. In
the early days of mining he carried the
malls to Cariboo and subsequently or
ganized Barnard's Express Company,
which still, under the name of the
British Columbia Express Company,
runs stages Into the old mining camp.
Yesterday morning the grand lodge
of the Ancient Order of United Work
in r n for Oreeron and Washington Ter
ritory assembled at Grand Army Hall.
First and Taylor streets. The follow
ing officers answered the rollrall:
Grand master. E. L. Smith: grand fore
man, T. A. Stephens: grand recorder.
Newton Clark; grand receiver. R. L
Durham: grand .guide. Oliver Hull;
grand I. W., Ira A. Mills; grand O. W .
C. K Stephana
Two new men have been selected for
the East Portland pollca A. M. Cox
and Ambrose 8. Cummlngs. of Irvlng's
Addition.
Last evening as Officer Harvey was
passing Fourth stre.-t. East Portland.
In front of Scbmltfa gun store, bis dog
bit Schmitt's child on the facs Mr.
Harvey st once shot the dog. but did
not hurt him much, as tne animal trot
ted up the street with a sort of what -the-racket
expression.
John E Sheppard. the representative
of the Oregon Immigration Board at
San Francisco, Is in the city.
Some time ago the Methodist Chutvh
at Oregon City presented handaoino
chair to the Portland Hoeptta! Re
cently Mrs. Peaae. of that cltv. a ven
erable lady of 4 years, mothar of Cap
tain George A. Peaae. mada a pretty
silk and satin cushion and cover for
the chair, which she forwarded to lira
Dr. H. M. Whitney
The many friends of Rav. T U KM
will be pleased to laarn that Harvard
University has conferred on him the
degree of D. D.
The i . U N Compnny'e ateaflMT T.
J. Potter arrived from Tacoma last
evening and will make her Initial run
on the Tortland-Ilwaco routa Satur
day. Charles S. Leland. of the wall-known
Leland family of New York, who
have a world-wide reputation for
knowing how to keep a hotel, la In the
city The object of hla vlalt la to ex
amine the. new hotel. Ha Is very IMMfc
pleased with the building and It
probable that he will accept the posi
tion of manager.
N. Wheat From Arganllaa.
AZALEA. Or.. July . (To the Edl
tor )To settle an argument can you
tell us if any wheat waa Imported to
the United States from Argentina lal
year and how muchT a saaaai
y OERALD PICKETT
The Commerce Department's report
shows that no wheat was Importr-.l
from Argentina In the fiscal year .
Ing June 30. If 13. In the preceding
year 71 Dusneia ......
urea are not avaname ior ,m. -
June SO. 1914.
More Women Juagee.
London Tlt-Blta.
Egypt and Sweden now have women
Judges.
Emrralsa In ET-
Tathflndar.
Emeralds are still found In Knypt-
Some Features of
THE SUNDAY
OREGONIAN
Hear Colors See Smells
A unique color page f future,
dealing with the ultra-marine bine
strains of the violin and I ho frf
granee of your opal rings.
On a Visit to the Moon
Some extraordinary things are
going on up there, as observers are
able to note with the aid of power
ful glasses. An absorbing full page
in strikiug colors.
George Ade Again
He has written some new fables
for Summer readers, and you will
not want to miss them. The first
is the fable of Susan and the
daughter and the granddaughter,
and then something grand. It has
all of Ade's compelling humor.
Where Hen Marry Trees
An illustrated special article
from a realm of the queerest cus
toms, where girls are widows at 5.
A Mountain Oirl
The true romance of a miss who
went alone to New York and with
pluck and native common sense
won out against heavy odds.
Americans in Mexico
Why they are there and what
they have been doing, both good
and bad, is told by a special cor
respondent of The Oregonian,
Charles M. Pepper, who u now in
Afexieo.
A Streetcar on Wings
That describes the newest and
biggest aeroplane. With photo
graphs. A whole page is devoted
to newest scientific discoveries and
remarkable facts.
The Postscript
A complete short story, by Helen
Parker.
In Holland
Harrison Fisher's "American
Girl Abroad" is in the land of
wooden shoes in the drawing for
Sunday.
Unintentional Clews
An expose of the methods of
crooks, whereby they invariably
leave some trace of their identity
in their manner of working.
The Fold-Upa
Another entertaining cut-out for
the children, together with a full
page of illustrated stories.
Scores of Other Features.
Order early of your newsdealer.