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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 6, 1914)
TIIE MORNING OREGONIAN, OIOXPAY, JULY 6, 1914. 6 PORTLAND, OBEGON. .Enter at Portland, Oregon, Poitofflce aj .Second-cIaM scatter. , BubcnpUoj Ratea InvarUbly 1b Advance (BY MAID .00 j-'auy, una ay inciuai-a, w c . T. Tlailv KitnrfL .nullified. 1X month -- 23 25 X'aily, Sunday included, three month.. 2 75 Xai:v, without Sunday, ona yr no jjaiiy, wnnout bunoay, ai uiuuvu Daily, without Sunday, tttrea moniM Iaily. without Sua Gay. ona month . "Weekly, ona year 8.25 1.7K . .61) ... 1.60 ... 2 50 ... .i0 eanuay, one year Sunday and Weakly, one year BT CARRIER) .$9.00 75 a tm 1 1 v. auUUMT ill li uucu, vaa-w - - - - now to ivemifc ceou rii""i fler, expreaa order or peraonai check on your jqcbi u a ii a. ouKwiv, nu - - - . . ndr' rijik. Giv noauoffic addreaa In luil. Including county and -lata. 18 to B2 page. 2 cenu; 84 to 48 Pagea, 8 ". cent; 78 to 2 pmm. cent. Foreign post- eg-, double rate,. . w faster, Business Off lees Verree Conk lln. .New Yoik, Brunswick building, cm- caeo.t eneger Duuoing. fan Francisco Office R. J. Bidwell Co, T4J Market street. -OaTLA'D. "MONDAY, JTJLY , 11. CCOO BXMAXITAltlAN TO BE PATRIOTIC President Wllson Independence Day oration is full of fine sentiments, but he seems to have mistaken for patriotism a cosmopolitan regard for the welfare of all mankind and an over-sensltlveness about other nations' opinions of the United States. This state of mind crops out In his remarks about Mexico and canal tolls espe cially. As" to Mexico he said: I know the American people have a heart that will beat Juat aa strong for those mil lion. In Mexico aa it will beat tor any other million, anywhere else in the world, ana when one. Uejr know what Is at .take In Mexico they will know what. ought to ba done in Mexico. Of course the heart of every right thinking man beats In sympathy for the millions In Mexico, but are we to permit our sympathies to lead us Into an adventure In Mexico for the eman cipation of those millionsT The busi ness of the United States Is to care for the welfare of the American peo ple and to deal Justly with other na tions. It la not the business of Mr. "Wilson to care for the welfare of Mexico to the extent of deciding who shall or who shall not rule over that country. If In the performance of Ms duty to care for interests of the United States or of American citizens. It should become necessary for Mr. Wilson to send an army into Mexico and to govern that country tempor arily, It would be incumbent on him to govern those millions Justly and to endeavor to ameliorate their lot. "When he makes this purely incidental duty the main cause for his interfer ence, he endangers American interests, which should be his first considera tion. When he neglects to back up his Interference with the force which alone can make it effective, he does a direct injury to his own country by provoking injury to its citizens in Mexico and by Inspiring contempt in those whom he Irritates. He has sac rificed patriotism to humanltarianism and has not so far improved the lot of the Mexicans. The American people have on many occasions shown their sympathy for oppressed peoples. They showed it for Kossuth when he came to tell of the wrongs of Hungary. They acclaimed Garibaldi's victories in liberating Italy. They have opened their arms to many Irish Nationalist leaders. They have as individuals given freely of their money to aid the cause of liberty. Not until the Spanish War did they openly intervene to liberate a nation from oppression. Then they were animated by a desire to avenge the destruction of the Maine and to abate a nuisance at their doors more than to liberate Cuba; the liberation of Cuba was an Incident of and per haps a pretext for pursuing the other end3 they sought. The highest patriotism forbids this country to embark on a propaganda for the liberation of other nations, for it Is apt to embroil us with powers with which we are at peace and there by to bring upon us the enmity which Mr. Wilson seems so keenly anxious to avoid. Since "honesty is a perfectly simple thing," it is a pity that Mr. Wilson's more than ordinarily keen intellect did not enable him to perceive the es sential honesty of the free tolls con tention and the fallacy of his own contention that free tolls are a sub sidy to a monopoly. By reading the canal treaty he could see that the rule as to tolls was only one of six rales, all of which must apply to the same nations. He could see that the five rules governing neutrality of the Mrii in war could not have been in tended to apply to the United States by any statesman with his eyes open and with a spark of patriotism. Then if the five could not apply "to this country, how could the one relating to tolls apply? Mr. Wilson must surely have known that the same law which provided free tolls excluded trust-owned ships from the canal. Then how could a monopoly profit by free tolls? These two flaws in his argument are so ob vious to one who gives the most su perficial consideration to the subject that his overlooking them can be at tributed only to his habit of paying more attention to another nation's tide of a controversy than to his own Nation's side., PURE CAMPAIGN BILLS. ' Democratic Congressmen have been seized with great enthusiasm for lim iting campaign expenses and for pure elections. Representative Rucker, of Missouri, has introduced a bill codi fying laws regulating campaign con tributions and expenses, and has in serted a new provision which limits expenses of candidates for Senator to $10,000 and of candidates for Repre sentative to $5000, unless state laws fix a lower maximum. Senator Owen has introduced- a series of bills. One limits campaign contributions from individuals. Another provides for pub licity pamphlets to be Issued to every citizen, as in Oregon, in which candi dates would state their opinions. A third legalizes use of the preferential ballot in nominations for Senate and House and a fourth defines corrupt practices. Mr. Owen also favors preferential primaries for President and Vice-President, to be held on the second Tues day in June, beginning in 1916, Na tional conventions to be. held thirty days later to ratify the result of the primaries and to adopt platforms. The Senator seems to have taken a leaf out of Oregon's book. He would make it unlawful for any person to pay for food, clothing, liquors, cigars or tobacco to influence votes, and he would make void the vote of the re cipient in case of a contest. In the publicity pamphlet he would allow each Senatorial candidate not to ex ceed three pages, the first page to cost not more than 1100 and each other page half that price. Candidates for the House would have two pages at a maximum cost of $200. It is made unlawful to publish false statements about candidates in order to affect ijnfintr rr fnr em nl overs to threaten inHnn of work or wasre reduction if a certain candidate is elected. News- naiur owners or emrjIoyeS WOuld be forbidden to accept payment or prom ls of enmnensatlon for their InflU' ence except through paid advertising. Mr npnnn would be permitted to is sue campaign literature unless it bore the name and address or tne aumor, ranrHrlatA and nubllsher. ' ' , Mr. Rucker's bill has already been attacked as an Infringement on tnose dearly-beloved state rights. Mr. owon'a hill have not vet been under fire in debate, but the ideals of purity they set forth may be expectea to pro noun mirth nmono- the hardened old Senatorial sinners. WHAT ABOUT VANCOUVER? Successive defeats in Oregon are said to have caused a split in the ranks of the slngle-taxers. It is Quite bitter, too, "on the surface. One fac tion has submitted the $1500 exemp tion amendment: the other has pro Tided for the public's miserya gradu ated sur-tax offering. It Is by coin cidence, no doubt, that the two taken together form a combination not vast ly different from the graduated single taT measure submitted and defeated in 1912. The chief difference is that whereas the 1912 proposal would nave exempted all improvements on land the new combination restricts tne ex emption to $1500 an amount which includes all the Improvements or a matr in-mhr of tflxnftvp.rs than one would suspect on superficial reflec tion. But rirarrll!ia of the internecine strife which has so happily resulted in submission of single tax for the third time in Oregon, may we not hope to have the customary argu ments offered in favor of the scheme? There is the Vancouver "single tax" system, for example. Why are we hearing nothing about Vancouver? In 1912 a rush of Industry rrom Ore gon to British Columbia was predicted because there industry had been "un taxed." The only way to save our existence was to adopt single tax our selves. Why Is there nothing said tnAarr flhniir thA Tnaeic that boosted Vancouver's building permits to $19,- 000,000 in 191ZT Tf (a maA Vint nevertheless true that Vancouver is nursing a slump. The $19,000,000 in building permits caused hv atnclA fair In 1912 has dropped to a prospective $4,000,000 in 1914. Droves of Americans who went to the Canadian Northwest a few years ago are returning "busted." An investiga tor writing in the New York Evening Post asserts that there are 3000 va ran hmuM in Vancouver. Tax ar rears in 1913 mounted to $728,000 and a controversy has arisen as to wnetner it is better to restore the tax on build ings in order to raise needed revenues or sell land for delinquent taxes and thus give the city a bad advertisement, nertain manufacturers are com plaining because they are forced to occupy lofts when their business could be better conducted in one and two story buildings which would occupy much space on the taxed lana. Jjasi .fl, tfeA lor-nwners nomrjlained over a proposal to purchase fire equipment for the business districts, xney uiougni it unfair that they, alone should be tn-rerl to buv a water tower to protect skyscrapers. And st it goes in a com munity where single tax is appuea in a far more limited form than is pro posed in Oregon. Shall we hear about Vancouver from the singlertaxers again in this cam paign? We think not. THE MATTER WITH BUSINESS. An inauirv as to what is the matter with business is offered by a corre nnnriont todflv who auotes a state ment The Oregonian made in Febru ary that business depression was meu due to a "state of mind." It was due to a state of mind that is, state or mind was the cause: Tet the depres sion was actual, not psychological. We did not merely think times were hard. T,hey were hard. But pessi mism had caused the depression for the factors that had heretofore given us prosperity had not yet raaeo. away. Th. onrrunnnildTit mltrht also have quoted from an editorial published in The Oregonian June 26. The Orego nian therein expressed the' opinion that hard times might be caused by o tA nf mind, but that when depres sion in business had thus been caused it was not psychological, but actual. Early in the year the Influence of n.niniin nniiMea had not been felt. Dull times had been caused by fear of what' the Democrats would, do. The quotations from The Oregonian late In January and early in February in dicated that business generally was becoming optimistic. And business did have a temporary revival. The press throughout the country did all in its power to help this optimism along. All that could be done psycho logically was done. The state of mind then existing would have produced permanent good times had economic conditions not prevented. Since then American ex ports have decreased to a marked ex tent and imports have largely in creased. We began buying less at home and more abroad. Industry consequently languished. Optimism probably augmented the depression because it induced the laying in of foreign goods in expectation of sales that did not materialize- The unem ployed could not buy with the psycho logical funds of an empty pocketbook. In the same period there commenced an outward flow of gold. Psychology was powerless against such influences. Business depression is not now a state of mind, nor has it been Caused by a state of mind. s The state of mind has been favorable to prosperity for six montha Depression has been accepted as a fact most reluctantly. The sick man can help himself toward health by a proper state of mind, but his mental attitude is pow erless if he still commits the excesses that originally made him ill. So it is with business. The Oregonian expects prosperity soon to make its advent not because of a change in the state of the public mind, but because of an unprecedent ed crop harvest. . We shall have good times in spite of the adverse influ ence of Democratic policies. Confi dence will hasten the desired change. But confidence is Justified. Mother Earth is going to fill the empty din ner pall. ' - A natural wonder which will some day attract thousands of sightseers Is the large butte between Bend and the new town of La Pine. This curious elevation rises abruptly from a bed of lava which has been torn into every possibly Bhapa by. nature's forces, IJ la a -rarfnrt arm A nn A looks like solid ock and yet tall trees find rooting places upon it, more especially near the top. The trip to tne duiio i easy one either from Bend or La. Pine. COMMON SENSE VERSUS LAW. An ancient, honored and sacred right of the proud landholder has Just been attacked after having stooa since the days of Roman law right to claim everything above and below him has been curtailed to meet the reauirements of a new factor our irrowinsr civilization. The opera tion ha heen Derformed by the French courts in the case of airmen who sought the right to soar over pri vate property. This privilege was de nied them by - the landowners who brought the law to bear. The law wan verv lfar in letter. The owner of a tract of land was also the owner of infinite space immediately over ana above his holdings; likewise unaer leant u far as the earth's center. at It had been so through long, weary cen turies. Tint th hle-hest French courts put aside the letter of the law in their finding. How could ancient lawgivers foresee that man was to sprout wings? Applying common sens to the matter the French Jurists hold that a man may control only such prescribed lim its of the azure sky above as he is nhio in oocunv uid Dut to use. This ia considerable. In this land of sky scrapers, but in France the landowner Is held pretty close to the grouno. m his ownership. He can prevent the airmen from sailing below his tree tnn hut thov ura free' to break speed records right over his head so long as they remain up high enougn. Tt is safe to sav that other lands will fnllofar this lpsral precedent should the point be raised and the landowner will lose his present privilege of claiming a share in both heaven and -the other place. I,rX)YT GEORGE STTTN'Q BY HTIX. Llovd-George has been stung to re tort by James J. Hill's prediction in his speech at the recent Foreign Trade Convention that: tk humanltarianlBm of British ao- ctal leKlelatlon la going to destroy British trade, Urltlan commerce mu joimaik mwM-.w. Tn n rnnanx sneech the British Chan cellor of the Exechequer said of Mr. Hill: Tjit ma reassure him if he. In hie leisure moments If he has them would mind studying our trade returns since we started . v. i vfii finri abundant ma terial to stimulate a new (alth a faith that will dispel from nis som an mess ..i - . .wa, ,-mnt him Urn will find I say It with reverence that the power that governs the world does not punish with bankruptcy and ruin nations that do kind nesses to the old, feeble, the broken and the sick. Ha went on to sav that the real rea son "why these golden apostles of true hnmanltv nn intervenine in British politics" is that "the great democra cies of the West are watcning ima nu cial legislation in Britain with new hope." He also said: , People In all lands are retting In touch nth aih nther for the sreat forward move ment toward the dawn. That la what these people are frightened with. America Is get ting sick of tha ruthless piracy of these modern buccaneers. Baffled and beaten In their own lana, tney are cummi w.or failed and they will fail again. That la what the budget oi xwia mesus, t. r-f ' l et-iirA thnsA who know Mr. ttiii on ita Ufa work as sins:ularly Inappropriate to class him with "buc caneers and trust magnates. ie has been the most potent influence in the development and the upbuilding of tne jNonnwest, nut aiuuo uj his rnilroads. but bv the aid he has given to promotion of better farming, better stockralsing ana esiaDusnmem of manufactures. By insisting upon a dollar's worth for every dollar expend ed he kept the Great Northern Rail way out of bankruptcy in the financial tm4n of n.8 tn 1S97. while all com peting railroads paid the penalty of having been managea Dy iinanoiai buccaneers. But Mr. Hill needs no defense where he is best known. The natural dispo sition is to believe that he must have found a. weak spot in Lloyd George's armor or he would not have drawn forth such a tirade. His words were nmmlnir to the united States ana England alike to take note of the rise of Germany towards industrial ana .AmmA,v.tai snnremAcv. a warnini? of England's loss of ground and of what this country must contena wun in in vading foreign trade fields. England iiia an loner been suDreme that her statesmen seem to assume that she can still lay down the rules which shall govern industry without regard to what other nations do. tine nas per mitted labor unions and radical states men to f t-r workinsr conditions. But Germany has risen free from such restrictions and is taking away Eng imji. trflH - TM Hill warns us not to follow England's example nor to rest in confidence in our natural advantages. We for a time hold in check- Germany's advantage In ability to meet prices, thanks to our genius for inventing and working machinery, but he warns us that "that local condition in trade tends to be equalized and disappear" and he continues:' , ..a nnnl nf tha World's &0- tivity, where tha material, the. worker, the machine, the metnoa, ny, irou the earth to the other at call, only a pur blind nation can dream of basing Its future on anything lesa commanding mn mi or superiority In tha elements of production. Including of course the wages or laoor ana the remuneration of capital. , British workmen are to be sustained in a position of inferiority and capital Is to be shackeled by laws which make th atatA nav for unemployment, sick ness, misfortune and death, which laws Mr. Hill calls "cloaits tor legislative cowardice or Incapacity that does not dare apply the real remedy to the ob vious disease." They "merely post pone the inevitable catastrophe." He says: Great Britain Is now maintaining many of her industries In an artificial condition by appropriating for the support of one class , . nmna v nt annthiip plaas. OI nor jmuyt" LJ - The British Empire la now sustaining Itself by sequestering mo swna uvuxuuiinviin past generations. The end of that policy comes when this accumulated capital ha, . , . - -J Hmtv- Ita-l h. Dee n exuauaiou, w Mn- . " " - . yond the reach of legal capture. When that day arrives tnai ou win ub into m with her real problem. Its magnitude and Its difficulty will be almost unique In his tory. vr- TT111 Is not a foe of labor unions nor of "social and industrial Justice." He simply warns us to seek a more ..ii,nr heo.ause an economically sounder way, of attaining the lat. ter. The unions may become tne means of doing so, If they can be turned in a new direction. mk.u Aoent attitude la on a of hoa- 1 IIOU V - tllity to capital, in which the tempta tion is to extort as mucn as possioio from the employer and to give as little as possible in return. The unions need to promote such relations between em ployer and workman that the latter will recognize their Joint interest in his efficiency and in the quality ana quantity of his product. The employer needs to regard every extra dollar Hereby, earned, by. his workmen, as tha mate of another dollar won by him self. The law needs to safeguard the workman's equality of opportunity and his right by combination to put him self into a position to bargain on equal terms with his employer, but it needs also to encourage' self-help by leaving him otherwise to work out his own sal vation as a self-reliant citizen. By these means the workman's efficiency will be maintained at the highest point by his self-interest, and his labor will prove the cheapest in the world, meas ured not by his daily wage but by his daily output Were he to be made partly dependent by law on disguised public charity,' he would tend to be come a mere Job-holder, like many of the drones In the public service. The severest criticism on much hu manitarian legislation is that It injures him whom it alms to help, by break ing down his moral stamina and by giving him an apparent interest in In efficiency and inertness, when his real interest lies In efficiency and full ex ercise of all his energies. DRAINAGE INCREASES CHOPS. The Oregon Bureau of Mines and Qeology takes a broad view of its functions, for it does, not consider them limited to mining. It deals with all subjects relating to the earth and has issued a special bulletin by Ira A. Williams on farm drainage, which Is a mine of information to th pro gressive farmer. Some striking examples of the ben eficial effects, of drainage are cited by Mr. Williams. In the Camas Prai rie district of Klickitat County, Washington, 6600 acres were drained by open ditches at a cost of $14. an acre and their assessed value" in creased $37 an acre. A tract of 40 anrea in that district yielded forty- six tons of oat hay in 1911 before drainage; in 1913, after arainage, ji yielded 120 tons. Four miles east of. Cresswell, Or., eighty acres of prune land was set with 6000 trees, of which 1600 were lost in 1912 because of too rvinnh water. After drainage in 1913, 7400 trees were planted and only 300 were lost- iroressor a. x. icut" tile-drained forty acres on the Agrl nniniroi riolleg-B farm, thirty acres of which was worthless "white land." Last season he produced six .nr,o nf Kinvar hav Der acre and he says drainage lengthens the season at least two montns. xnaa dwcv tnnrtMn fir res at Tualatin which had been farmed for fifty years and has increased his crop of oats from twenty-five or thirty bushels to nrtT hnsheis an . acre. Seventy-two acres of "white land" on J. A. How ard's farm, a mile south or AiDany, which had been worn out and prac t,.anv ahandoned. was tile-drained at a cost of $26.80 an acre. In 1913 thirty acres yielded fifty-six Dusneia n natal an QfTP the land la pro- Wl VC-J - - nounced. by its owner worth four times what it cost ana he nas reiuseu $400 an acre for portions of it. wniomattH VaJlev land can develop full fertility by subdralnage, and Ore gon has the material within its bor ders for making the tiles.' There are tile works within the state, which utilize this material. Drainage can thus benefit the state both by greatly Increasing the production of the soil and by developing a home manufac turing industry. n ...naMHnna arA making oeriouj, - for an aeroplane trip across the At lantic Ten years ago the projectors of this adventure would have been called maniacs, xoaay we v them to go through with it unscathed. .nmahnrlv else will be ll iney ou - - fore a great while. European travel by airship is certain to become .one of our National diversions and the man who first crosses the Atlantic In an aeroplane will be remembered among the wona's neroea. Ta'n Tjisciiraln must be a skillful politician to have kept his head on v.t .k,niiiiin throusrh the reign of Huerta and will make a handy stop gap President, but he win not do until he again retires. Death comes n.aiv to those rulers of Mexico who do not flee in good time. that wre run sleep till the usual hour on the morning of the Fourth, undisturbed by firecrackers, we snoum vnns it was the Fourth ex- B1.0.1VCIJ - " . cept for the youngsters begging to havv the antl-cracKer pan itvaA Williams now under- stands that our part In the regulation of the universe is to De limnea . ia . -ProirlAnt Wilson knows better than to stir up the pugnacious animals in Albania. m. a. t w w. In New York should .i,a. . Tjr lessons In dynamiting from the miners of Butte and Colorado be fore trying to eliminate oia or juuuj John D. a ao-n in a local amusement park Insists that monkeys do not harbor fleas, in which case it must be old fashioned itch that agitates the sim ian. na.nraT R-Allev's attempt to take the NTaHnnoi oanltal bv stealth failed, thanks to the vigilance of the police. and the Nation is safe. -tiA-ir 4a Tifflrlns. nn all the Ijnamp loift r chips which President Wilson drops in his Inexpert attempt to play the game of politics. t. . in at as well that Secretary Bryan did not have that life mask taken. His face in repose would not look natural. " A 4 a a, a nil Tl ri the cltv shows resi dences in course of erection in all parts' and all conforming to the re striction. , neneral TCvans had expressed ap proval of the President's foreign pol icy, would he have been reprimanded? The admirals,' captains, command ers and commoaores ar vn mo re tired Ust. The homb-maker who scatters his remains does the country a service. Pinehot- too. has temporarily lost his voice, but never his nerve. Tf vervbody is rested, work will re sume this morning. Now the Fourth is past, , get ready for Christmas. Wear a white suit and be in the new swim. Boost the fresh air fund. .Cut your jreeda today, The Dipsomaniac Dog By Dean Collin. (Professor C F. Hodges, of the Uni versity of Oregon, has taught dogs to use liquor, in experiments to ascertain the effect of alcoholism in heredity. News Item.) I used to learn, while yet in school, Though men with Joyful Jags may frolic; The faithful canine, as a rule. Will scorn all liquors alcoholic; But science cleaves tradition's fogs. And ancient superstitions dodges Behold a breed of boozing dogs Developed by Professor Hodges. Oh, what a fall is there, my friend. When Fido, watch-dog of our houses. Shall sh,irk his duty and shall spend His nights in riotous carouses. Then thieves may steal and steal away. Nor fear for Fido's bark or combat. For neath the white lights he's at play " As reckless as the wastrel tom-cat. Companion of our childhood? Nol I view the thought with bosom t shrinking! No child of mine should ever go With any pup that's prone to drink ing! , ' What use for bloodhounds should we have. When we are criminal, to track us. If from the trail they should elope At every wayside shrine of Bacchus. Would the police dog on his beat Perform his work with nerve un shaken, , If he had slipped around the street 'And of the amber beer partaken? Hodges, I fear you have Imbued Our dogs with new and fatal habits. That in the future will exclude Them from the sport of chasing rabbits. Think, think, how sad the sight would be If, in mid-chase, our canine flunky Should let the rabbit go, and flee After some fancied purple monkey. New codes of law .must we draw up And on saloons, in ten-inch liners. These words should warn the boozing pup: "No liquor sold to dogs or minors. And yet, though evil be their course. The boozing dogs may still pre- serve us Some traits that we, perchance, can force Into a vein of useful service; For fancy how the blear-eyed dog Maddened by rum's red thirst, could trail down Each shack or alley, clump or log Where a boot-legger cached his pall i down I Walters and Waitresses Oppose. PORTLAND, July 6. (To the Editor.) The Waiters' and Waitresses' Union, Local No. 189, wishes to correct a statement in the press to the effect that it was on record as favoring prohi bition. Whoever made this statement to the public did bo without any authority from this organization. No officer of the Waiters' and Waitresses' Union of fered anything pertaining to this issue for publication. At the regular meeting of the or ganization, held June 30, a motion pre vailed unanimously that nothing ever appeared on the minutes of this union, and that the waiters and waitresses are In favor of a wet Oregon, and abso lutely opposed to state-wide prohibi tion. We certainly shall extend all our efforts to the limit, that prohibition shall not obtain in this state. HENRY HARDER, Secretary Local No. 189. Sicily and Piedmont, PORTLAND, July 6. (To the Edi tor.) (1) Please inform some good readers of your paper whether or not an Italian is a member of the Caucasian race. (2) Please define the difference, if any, between the Piedmontese and the Sicilian. B. G. (1) The word "Caucasian" broadly includes any member of the white di vision of the human race. (2) Piedmont is In Northwest Italy and consists of the provinces of Turin. Alessandria, Novara and Cuneo. The term Piedmontese, however, has come to be applied generally to any region at or near the foot of mountains. Sicily Is an Island and, being mountainous, the term. Piedmontese may be applied to inhabitants of certain districts with out signifying that they are inhabi tants of Piedmont, Sonnet. Often while gazing on the stars. From day's loud trafflo alone and free, i vnlna, annalc to ma Night's deeper shade, the very silence bears A solemn message, here truth uprears Her glorious face In grand sublimity, Bridging all space it'one vast unity Where fable fades and falsehood disap pears. Infinite power, I bow In silent awe Before these migrfty deeps of space. Yet Bee that one harmonious law Binds every orb In Its appointed place. The palest star that glimmers through a cloud Speaks for the whole articulate and loud. GEORGE H. SANDS, city. When Bars Were Closed. PORTLAND, July 5. (To the Editor.) (1) In what year was the Wells Fargo building erected? (2) In what year was the ordinance passed by the City of Portland that saloons must close on Sunday? SUBSCRIBER. 1 In 1906-07. 9 Th firat time the Sunday clos ing feature was made a part of a city ordinance governing saioons w in the "Model Liquor Ordinance," passed by the Council January 12, 1911, and approved by the Mayor January 17, 1907. The Sunday closing was en forced under the state law from June, 1907, until the enactment of the or dinance mentioned. Princess' Brother Wins Contest. fcELSO, Wash., July 8. (To the Edi tor.) The little article in The Ore gonian July 2 about the Princess Ros pigllosi, on page 10, (her maiden name, Stallo,) reminds me of a contest be tween the Btudents of Miami and Ohio medical colleges back in the '60s (both of Cincinnati). The contest was which could in the shortest time scientifically expose the elbow Joint and llgate the brachial artery. Walter Stallo, of the Miami College, presumably a brother of this Princess, won "hands down" for Miami College J. J. KING. . New Meat Ordinance. LENTS, Or., July 5. To the Editor.) Kindly tell me where or from whom can I get rules or regulations of the new meat Inspection law that has passed, as it looks to ne it is going to work a hardship on small pro ducers. OLD SUBSCRIBER. Apply to the Clty"Health Department of Portland. Price Paid for Coins. .n,-nT a T T TO ra Til 1 V A fTft thA Editor.) Is there any value in a $2.60 gold piece minted in 1903 without "In God We Trust" on it? LESTER A. WHIHS. We know of no premiums offered on such coins. Biggest Lodge in World. Exchange. The biggest lodge in the world is made up of those who don't know any thing now, . .'. WHAT IS MATTER WITH BUSINESS? Writer Seeks Responsibility for De pression and Urges Confidence. PORTLAND, July 6. fTo the Edi tor.) In editorials recently The Ore gonian has frequently derided Presi dent Wilson for saying that our busi ness depression Is "psychological," but you also virtually said the aame thing before Wilson did in an editorial Feb ruary 2 last, the caption of which Is "Good Times Have Come," in which Is this sentence In the last paragraph: "The revival shows that business de pression is mainly due to 'a state of mind' and that a new state of mind exists, where confidence haa replaced doubt and hope has replaced fear." A week previous to that date you bad in column 1 on page 1, a new Item headed "Go-Ahead Spirit Noted in Business," giving interviews of a very optimistic nature on the business sit uation and outlook, by prominent men in the financial and business world. Since then we have had the very worst of our depression. What Is the reason? Who is to blame? Who is psycholog ically wrong? We are told that there Is "plenty of money, the bank vaults axe full of it." Why Isn't it working? Who is advising people not to venture, not to invest, not to go Into business? Such advice was both free and plen tiful In Portland in 1904. and. in fact, from the time our Exposition of 1905 was planned until It had passed into history, and the advice was followed by many people to their sorrow, for Instead of the awful "slump after the Exposition," which was predicted In the free and plentiful advice, we had a delightful revival Instead, and every body, except a few abnormal croakers, made a grand rush to get Into the pro cession of progress, although many there were who failed to get in, owing to the increase of prices and their relatively small amount of cash. For one I am pleased to see the op timistic editorials of late in The Ore gonian and you deserve the thanks of the whole Pacific Coast and especially of the City of Portland, where such encouragement certainly Is needed. We have the crops, we have the money, and there is both brawn and brain. Then why this stagnation? Is poli tics being worked overtime, or are bankers and financiers overconserva tive? I say, "Come out of it!" If you don't there will be more men hunting for the free lunch and soup trough this Win ter than ever before. Next year there will be the great Exposition at San Francisco, which will bring travelers and sightseers as well as Investors from all the world, and thousands from the farthest corners of this Nation and it Is a safe prediction that thousands of them Intend to and will visit Port land and the State of Oregon. How will they find us? Shall we show them encouragement to come again, to come and make this their home and future business location? Then get busy now. PROGRESS. MONUMENT IS FITTING TRIBUTE One Large Enough to Carry Name of Every Oregon Pioneer Suggested. PORTLAND, July 6. (To the Edi tor.) When the pioneers decided to come to Oregon they left their safe and quiet homes and friends and cast their all in a hazardous pilgrimage of thousands of miles of unexplored, trackless plains and mountains. ' Every mile of the way was beset by danger to health and life, as many whose bones rest In unmarked graves by tne wavside attest. It required heroism beyond the ordinary, unBtlnted persistence and en durance, unabated energy and Indus try, constant vigilance to overcome the wily and treacherous Indian. But they came, they saw, tey conquered the wilderness and made it blossom as the rose; Indeed, as the rose blooms nowhere else In sucn perfection anu rare fragrance. No other migration compares with it in extent, hardship and danger. Were this all It would be honor enough to arouse the fealty and enthusiasm of the descendants of the pioneers, at well as every citizen of Oregon, to build a monument to tneir Drave ana deservlna- ancestors, high enough, long enough and wide enough to inscribe the name oi every pioneer u uicsuu thereon. As a recent editorial of The Orego nian has truly said, the migration to Oreron deserves to be commemorated for it was one of the great migrations of history. . Without that migration the British flag might have flown from Northern California to the southern point of Alaska. The Rocky Mountains might have been the west ern boundary of our great republic No doubt it was the American pioneers who came to Oregon at the opportune time that decided the government of Oregon. A monument to the pioneers would be a Just and deserving tribute to the brave, though fast-passing vener able pioneers, as well as an honor to the state. Monuments perpetuate nis tory more truly and concisely than any other means. Then let the slogan of the people of Oregon be "A Monument to the Pioneera" Incidentally I may say I am not a pioneer nor a descendant of a pioneer. J. M. OVELMAN. Krattlon. I prayed to paint the glories of the Dawn, That rose, pale virgin, from the stlv'rv East A laborer's dusty broom was given me To wield full deftly at the wedding feast Where stern Reality and Dreams were wed I I sighed to sing before gay royal thrones- Alas, the lullabies I crooned at night The measure claimed or my suDiim est tones! And all the golden hopes that left my door To flit away in'silent. starlit nights. Came back to my sad heart as duties gray Yet, Lord, I thank thee for conjured delights. Jo. Hartman, Santa Monica, Cal. Prnnlng of Peach Trees. ARLINGTON. Tex., July 1. (To the Editor.) In The Oregonian you give a very nice account of George A. Dorris' farm and the different products there of, but fall to give his way of pruning his peach trees so as to have such lov tops.' At what time of the year is It best to prune peach trees to bring forth the best results in shaping the tops and inviting fruit buds? Kindly give an explanation in The Oregonian, as I am an interested read er of same. M.J.WALSH. Winter or early Spring pruning Is seneraiiy Vwiao. - - which form fruit on one-year wood. hence must be pruned m promuio iuuu strong growth. , letins from your agricultural college or experiment station i amu iruui ma nomological department of the De- . . - . . .,!.,.,W.. nia.htnirlAn partment o abi.uuiwi ai. D. C. Patents on Liquid Compounds. mRTUND. Julv B. (To the Editor.) Just where must one write to apply for patent, ana, n a iiquia, must sam ples be sent together with name and per cent or airrerent ingreoientsr ur what should one do to make safe the sale of such things? . ' ANXIOUS. It is not necessary to have a liquid compound patented in order to place It on sala Few manufacturers of pro prietary remedies or compounds now take out patents, but are content with a registered trade-mark. For Informa tion write to the Patent Office, Wash ington, D C Twenty-Five Years Ago Trom The Oregonian of July . Ellensburg. July S. Firs last night burned over ten blocks In the buslnena district, destroying 200 houses. The loss Is $2.000, 000. Olympla, July 8. The constitutional convention was called to order this morning by Colonel J. Q. Moore. Judge J. P. Hoyt was elected president. Walla Walla, July . It Is report ed that Portland and the O. R. N. will endeavor to have a clauae Inserted In the State Constitution limiting tha right of countlea to Issue bonds to aid railroads. It Is said to be directed gainst the Hunt system. Brownsville. July 6. A raunion S Linn County pioneers was held ysstsr day. Hon. J. P. Galbralth read the Declaration. Hon. W. C. Johnson deliv ered the oration and Master Ralph Miller, only seven years of , recited a declamation. A pile of cordwood owned by Georga Heath and George Shaver burned at Alblna Wednesday. W. 8. Ladd yesterday received a lat ter from Jamee McMillan, a brother of William McMillan, formerly of this elty and at one time sheriff of this county, who lot all his property except his residence at Johnstown. Two carloads of machinery for the smelter at Llnnton have arrived. The Commercial Rank of Vancouver, of which Oeorge H. Marble la presi dent, escaped the fire with alight dam age. Pete Grant and Constable John Welch, of Astoria, were brought VP Tuesday by Deputy United States Mar shals Koberts and Watte, having been charged with enticing sailors to de sert. Robert Holman, of this city, was pre sented with a gold badge by the vet eran firemen of Brooklyn, N. T. Half a Century Ago From Tha Oregonian of July A, 184. The anniversary of our National in depedence gathered a large and enthusiastic- party at Vancouver. The steamer Senator was unable to accom modate the vast throng from Portland and the steamer Relief was chartered and made fast alongside. At Fort Van couver the party was received mith generous hospitality. Portland was rep resented by Company A, O. 8. M., Cap tain Powell, a large delegation of the fire department, under Chief Engineer Buchtel. assisted by the several com pany foremen; the Hibernian Society, with their magnificent banners; the Fenian Brotherhood and aeveral hun dred ladles and gentlemen in citizens' dress. A procession was formed, one third milo In length, escorted by the brigade band. One of the attractive features was a car 26 feet long, cov ered with evergreena and occupied by young girls with banners, representing every state and territory, while on an elevated seat at the rear of the car was the Goddess of Liberty, gupported by Temperauce, Fortitude, Prudence and Justice. At tne grounas s volun tary by the band was followed by a National salute fired by United State artillery. The oral exercises com menced with prayer by Kev. J. O. Kay nor, succeeded by the reading of the Declaration of Independence by J. D. Potter, Esq.. The orator of the day. General Alvord, delivered an able ad dress. A few regular toasts were given and responded to and the com pany repaired to well-lllled tables. More than 2000 persone fared sump tuously. Tho Portland societies were escorted by the Vancouver troope and band to the landing, where they em barked. Our firemen, having with tliem the first engine and hoae carriage ever landed at Vancouver, threw one. two and three streams. A larga number of guests remained to participate In the dance gotten up by the Ladles' Sani tary Aid Society in Metropolis Hall, which continued until daylight. A numerous crowd gathered In Hllla boro on the Fourth, people coming from Columbia County, Chehalem, Yamhill and all the region around to the num ber of over 2000. There was en abun dant supply of creature comforts. Itev, E. Walker, of Forest Grove, was presi dent of the day. Kev. 8. 1L Mareh of ficiated as chaplain. W. D. Hare read , the Declaration of Independence and Hon. Amory liolbrook delivered tho oration. The Hlllsboro band furnished fine musla and the fireworks under the care of Mr. Hughes were admirable. Ed Flak has been appointed examin ing surgeon of the enrolling board lor the district of Oregon In place of Bowlby, roalgned. and B. K. W ilson Is appointed commissioner of the same, vice Drew, resigned. New York, June 2. The attack on Sheridan's cavalry day before yeeter day, while marching from the White House to James Klver. was a deter mined and bloody affair. The snemv fell on the rear guard with great fury and at first threw It Into confusion. A general battle ensued. Sheridan acted on the defensive and repelled several desperate assaults. He beat them through greatly superior numbara. Jacksonville. July 4. A letter from Fort Klamath. June 28. aays the expe dition under Colonel Drew for the ex ploration of a route to Owyhee started from that place that morning. It num bers 80 to 100 men. Another letter says W. J. Allen. Juat arrived, reports --.. rv. m-haraaon'a train from Shasta Valley was attacked by tli Indians near Biiver Davis, from Fort Crook, with 10 men. fell In with the train and a fight en sued. Two citizens and one soldier were wounded. . -.i ....... n i n - a nhantom steam- lcsieiua. - er was towed up in front of the clt what was once tho priae oi mm " i ... .v.- Multnomah. She haa been sold to be remodeled and will make a good towboat. ci-u. ..... ma- Paclflo sailed for San Francisco yesterday with I217.899 In treasure. Among the passengers leaving yes- tanHav bv steamer 1'aclfio were R. ! Thompson and Dr. H. H. Black. oie-ier Rtttzel vesterdav appointed K. M. Arnold to take charge of the County Jail. Italian. pnnTtAND. Julv 6. (To the Edi tor.) What nationality and of what descent was Coin nihvisT M. C. "The River of Doubt Newspaper advertising Is to many businesses still a "River of Doubt. Their maps are wrong that's what's the matter. If they will ask some of the hardy explorers among National and local advertlaers they will find the river a most pleasing place. It Is really the river of success. Its banks are lined with dollara which come back In the boats of men who make the Journey. There Is no other kind of adver tising so Immediately and consist ently productive as newspaper advertising. A