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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 29, 1914)
8 tttt? 3rOT?NTyCr OREGONIAX. FRIDAY, MAY 29, 1914. PORTLAND, OREGON. . ? Entered at Portland, Oregon, Postofllcs as Second-class matter. Subscription Rates Invariably in Advance: : BT MAID r Ually, Sunday Included, one year . . . .$8.00 L-aily, Sunday included, six months ..... 4.26' '.X Daily, Sunday Included, three months ... 2.25 Dally, Sunday Included, on month ..... .73 ' Daily, without Sunday, one year ....... 6.00 Daily, without Sunday, six months ...... A Dally, without Sunday, three months .... i. 5 ; Daily, without Sunaay, one month .. .0 ' Weekly, one year 1.B0 " Sunday, one year 5S.50 Sunday and Weekly, one year 2 (BY CARRIER) 1 Dally. Sunday Included, one year ......S&.00 Z Daily, Sunday included, one month ..... .73 Z How to Jtenut tiend postoffice money or- - der, express order or personal check on your 1 local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at ? sender's risk. Give postoffice address in Cull, 3 Including county and state. ' Postage Rates 12 to 1ft paces. 1 cent; IS ; to S2 pages, 2 cents; 84 to 48 pages, tt cents; i 50 to (SO pages, 4 cents; 62 to 76 pages, 5 cents: S to 62 sages. 6 cents. Foreign post c age. double rates. C astern Business Of flees Verree A Conk. lln. Hew York. Brunswick; building. Chl , cago, steger building. - ban Francinoo Office R. J. Bldwell Co, " T42 Market street. l-ORTLWD, FRIDAY, MAY 29. 114. 4j TARIKf NOT OCT OF POLITICS. "j The comparative "calm with which t the Nation has accepted the Under : wood tariff has encouraged some san ; guine economists to believe that the tariff has finally been taken out of politics and that an early return of . the Republicans to power would not ': be followed by revision. These gen ; tlemen do not give due weight to the ; great probability ihat the Treasury , report for the first year during which : the new tariff is in operation will ' show a deficit; to the industrial stag- nation for which, rightly or wrongly, the tariff will be held responsible; to ' the activity and influence of those gentlemen who have found the tariff ; a good political talking point; or to j the influence of those industries ; which have been deprived of much : or all of their protection. Treasury experts who calculate for Congress the probable volume of imports and amount of revenue under certain rates of duty are prone to err, and appear to have erred on this oc - casion. Taking prior years as a cri ., terlon, they estimate that reduction s of a duty from, say, 35 to 25 per cent : will stimulate imports to the point ; where as much revenue will be yleld- ed at the lower as at the higher rate. '." But they fallto make allowance for the period of transition from one : rate to the other and from one tariff ; to the other, during which trade is ; adjusting itself to changed conditions. That period is not yet past. In addi tion, there has been a general depres- ' sion irrespective of the tariff. These ; two causes have falsified the experts' ; estimates of revenue. Extravagance . of Congress and greed of its pork- barrel statesmen have made expenses exceed the appropriation committee's '. estimate, for a deaf ear- has been ; turned to Chairman Fitzgerald's protests. ! Writing in the Century Magazine, James D. Whelpley says that the tar ! Iff has "little or no bearing on the ; cost of living" and that the difference ; in cost "will bring no obvious relief ; to the average householder." He thinks this difference will be ab j sorbed by the middlemen and will not ; reach the consumer. That may be so i at the outset, but if the Democrats I carry out their promise to "bust" the 1 trusts and to restore competition, this excess profit should be squeezed out of the middlemen for the consumers' '; benefit by competition. But the con ; sumer does not see the benefit as j'et, and the Democrats will pay the pen alty of being too profuse with promises. ' Add to these influences those of the standpatter ready to take advantage : of adverse conditions for tils political ' profit and of the once-protected man ufacturer ready to do the same for financial profit and we have a com- : bination which will create a demand for new tariff revision. But there will never again be a Dingley tariff. The Republican pary has taken to ; heart the lesson of tne Payne-Al-drlch bill and the golden bond be : tween the manufacturers and the pol- ltlelans has been broken by publicity : of campaign funds. The prospects are that a deficit will ' necessitate a higher tariff or some other means of increasing revenue unless a change for the betetr comes very quickly. If the Republicans ; control the next House they may ' propose higher duties and offer the Democrats the alternative of impos ing what have always been consld ; ered war taxes. If they are wise, ' however, they, will endeavor to take the tariff out of politics by basing its . revision on reports of a non-partisan board such as President Taft's Tariff Commission and by starting the work v wtth a detailed revision schedule by schedule. The only Democratic Pres idents wo have had since the Civil : War have owed their election to Re ' publican excesses In protection, and , many a man who has voted for the ' Democrats on that issue would gladly ; ally himself with the Republicans as . the. party of positive achievement in domestic affairs and as the party ; which vigorously upholds the Nation ; al honor in foreign affairs, were the ; tariff out of the way as a party issue. WRONG DONE BY RED TAPE. There is still some red tape for Secretary Lane to cut out of Land . Office administration in order that hard-working pioneers may not be t deprived of their homesteads by dry-as-dust lawyers. Senator Thomas re cently caused the reading in the Sen- ate of an article from the New York World describing the case of W. E. 1 Dermott. who had taken up a home ; etead six miles from Galena on the ' south fork of the Skykomish River in Washington twelve years ago. Two : years later his land was included in : the Snoqualmle National forest, but Mr. Dermott held on, built a one and ' one-half story house, cleared three acres for a garden and planted 1500 strawberry plants, besides growing other fruit and vegetables. He and his family lived on the claim six or eight months in each year, spending , on improvements all he could save from his work as a contractor in Ev " erett. but he is now Informed that he Aid not live there long enough each year and the Department finds fault with his improvements. Said Mr. Dermott: There were plenty of hardships during most of the ll years we lived in the moun- ' tslns so far from civilization. There were ; no trails, no schools, no doctors and few oslshbors: we were in the wilderness, but happy and fairly welt contented In the b- : lief that some day we would have a com ; forts ble home. Representative Falconer has intro- : duced a bill authorizing the issue of patents to Mr. Dermott and some of his neighbors who are in the same position, but special bills to remedy . individual wrongs are not sufficient and may sometimes give relief in un- deserving cases. The true remedy is . an amendment of the general law ' and its administration in a spirit of sympathy with, not suspicion of, the settler. The latter requisite involves supplanting the Eastern bureaucrats with Western men who know West ern conditions. Secretary Lane is doing all he can. but he cannot re construct the minds of his subordinates. HIGH COST OF ELECTIONS. County Commissioner Llghtner Is right in his criticism of the cost of primary elections. The recent elec tion cost Multnomah County alone $25,000, and, it is safe to say, cost the other counties of the state JoO.OOO or 175,000 in arl. Seventy-five thousand dollars will more 'than pay one year's salary for all the state officers. Supreme Court Justices, Circuit Judges and members of the Legislature nominated. At that it is but a preliminary expense. The general election will cost probably more than $75,000. The state has appropriated $35,000 for printing of blanks and pamphlets alone. It is not to be expected that a pri mary can be conducted without pub lic expense, as were the nominating conventions, but in our efforts to avoid corruption, we have overlooked efficiency and economy. At a rough guess we should say that the cost of the two elections held each blennium is at least the equivalent of the entire salary budget for elected state. Judi cial and legislative officers. It is often said that if a private corporation conducted its business as do state and local governments it would soon become bankrupt. It is doubtless true that the stockholders of any corporation that spent as much for electing its officers as It did for their services would vehemently pro test if they found it out. THE DtDB HAS TURNED. Like the worm, the dude will turn. Senator James Hamilton Lewis, known in his earlier days in Seattle as "Dude Lewis," has grown restive at Journalistic Jests on his pink whis kers, his cream-colored suit and hit other startling peculiarities of attire. To his mind, his beard is "an inti mate personal matter" and he wishes no longer to have his "superficial pe culiarities furnish material for th struggling efforts of the budding gen iuses of Journalism." 'Twas not ever thus. There was a time when Mr. Lewis deliberately courted attention by cultivating pe culiarities. His whiskers and his clothes were -his stock in trade, and he would rather be . ridiculed than ig nored. He blossomed forth in a tall hat, white vest and spats when Seat tle was a "raw" town and regarded as marks of eccentricity such articles of clothing. He cheerfully enjoyed the Jibes flung at him as he struggled up ward from longshoreman to lawyer and then to Representative in Con gress, for they kept him in the public eye. But the Colonel has now arrived, as the French say, and he kicks away the ladder of eccentricity by which he climbed. He has arrived at the dignity of a Senatorship and wishes to be taken seriously. Though there are doubtless no bounds to his ambi tion, even he probably realizes that he can climb no higher. There is then no motive for him to continue the butt of "budding geniuses of Jour nalism." There was a time when he would bubble with thanks for "that kind notice you gave me this morn ing," though the reporter whom he addressed had tried to penetrate the Colonel's hide with the laslt-of sar casm. But he need thus demean him self no longer. His whiskers and his clothes are a part of himself. He could not change them if he would without attracting -undesired notice, and probably he would not if he could. What the Senator wishes the world now to notice is the great brain which labors beneath those abundant au burn .locks. That brain is now striv ing to solve the great -problems which distress the people "my people," of whom he was wont to speak with a thrill of emotion in his voice. Take your ' eye off the whiskers, the vest and the spats and watch the working of that brain. OCR ERA OF TRANSITION. The United States is in a period of transition from the era of free public land to the era of private ownership; from the era when agriculture was the chief industry to the era of manu facture; from the era of waste to that of conservation. These facts, their causes and effects, economic, social and political, are discussed in an able article on "The Influence of the Passing of the Public Lands," which Professor William J. Trimble, of the North Dakota Agricultural Col lege, has contributed to the Atlantic Monthly. The United States acquired between the close of the Revolutionary War and the year 1850 title to 1.465,000 000 acres of land. The Secretary of the Treasury in 1827 estimated that it would take 500 years to settle our then public domain. Yet, excluding Alaska, the public land unreserved and unappropriated in 1910 had been reduced to 343,486,000 acres. After eighty-three years we had only the leavings of wha' it was expected we could not occupy in 500 years. In that brief period we had settled 1,121,514,000 acres. The rapidity with which we occu pied this vast area enormously in creased the products of the farm, for est and mine, and insured their cheapness and abundance. Having an apparently unlimited supply, our forefathers skimmed the cream and wasted much. The supply of free land is almost exhausted, production of cattle is decreasing; that of grain is not increasing in the same ratio as population; that of lumber becomes more costly as accessible timber is cut off; and that of minerals also grows more costly as mines go deeper and lower grade ores are treated by more costly processes. We are being driven from careless to efficient pro duction, from waste to restoration of soil fertility. The laborer no longer has the soil to fall back upon as a means of becoming an independent citizen, and the rise in value of land and the cost of modern farming methods place the farm still farther beyond his reach. Classes of. capital ist land-owners and of tenant-farmers are growing up. Instead of looking to the land for an opportunity, the youth must attend trade schools and obtain technical education. His In dividualism is being sapped by pen sions and welfare work at the great factories where he is employed. Free land. In Professor Trimble's opinion, was a powerful agent in the spread of democracy in Europe as well as America, aided in Europe by modern industrialism. It also tended to social equality. Its passing tends to develop an aristocracy, a middle class and a laboring class and to fix class distinctions. He asks: "Will the political equality survive V and says we are hard at work on this problem and are using our political equality to try to gain greater social and economic equality. He sees evi dences of the effort in civil service, the secret ballot, direct primaries, those measures which come under the head of social and ' industrial Justice and in education. He concludes hope fully in these words: All along the line, however, our democracy Is moving forward. Either voluntarily or through conscription, even our wealthy men ar learning to march with the people, for it la one of the most encouraging facta in the outlook that our holders of great wealth are by no means unresponsive to tides of social feeling. Let our democracy be self controlled and sane, let it avoid war, let It limit excessive reproduction and immi gration, let it redirect education, let It con serve the strength and health and well being of Its citizens, and we may hope for success in the delicate and complicated and trying adjustments whloh we are making as we pass from the era of public lands. The conclusion to be drawn from this discussion of our transformed conditions is that they are coming to resemble more closely those of Eu rope and that we must learn from the older continent how to adaDt our selves to the change and how to avoid tne social, economic and political evils from which Europe suffers. I'XCI.E SAM, DEALER IX WARSHIPS. Secretary Daniels' scheme for the sale to Greece of the battleships Idaho and Mississippi opens a new line of business for Uncle Sam dealing in out-of-date warships. The two ships mentioned are among the last-built and the best of the old-style battle ships, having been laid down shortly before England launched the first dreadnought. They could not stand up in a fight In open sea against more modern ships, for a dreadnought could knock them to pieces while still out of range of their guns, but they could hold their own in a fight with a newer ship in the narrow seas among the Aegean Isles, or even with the big ship Turkey recently bought from Brazil. The rapidity with which warships become obsolete is shown by the his tory of the Idaho and Mississippi. Their keels were laid in 1904, when they were considered the last thing in battleships, superior to any of those which made the voyage around the world, but by the time they were commissioned in 1908 they had been rendered useless as line of battle ships by the dreadnought. The offer of Greece to buy them opens a mar ket for our obsolete ships which may greatly facilitate the transition of the Navy. One ship of the latest type is equal to more than two of the Idaho and Mississippi type, and if we can procure one at a cost of only $2,000, 000 in addition to the price we obtain for the old ships, we shall make a good bargain. Some of our older battleships may not be marketable, even among second and third-class nations, but the earlier dreadnoughts are already passing out of date and might well be sold, that we may re place them with ships of the New York type. That Greece, impoverished and loaded with debt by her recent wars, should be spending millions on war ships may cause surprise. Like the other Balkan states, Greece realizes the necessity of preparing for an other war, in which she and Servla may find Bulgaria allied with Turkey. Her acquisition of a more extended coast line and of a number of Aegean Islands renders naval expansion nec essary. France and England can view with equanimity Greece's development as a naval power, for she may become a counterpoise, to Austria and Italy in the Mediterranean. British and French statesmen may therefore have given the money lenders a hint that they are not averse to seeing Greece furnished with funds for naval armament. KNOWLEDGE AND PEACE. President Wilson's feelings were more dependable than his memory In his speech at the corner-stone laying for the new Methodist university at Washington. When he said that knowledge unifies mankind and at tributed much international hatred to international ignorance he spoke from his heart and everybody must agree with him. But when he added that "scholarship, as far as he could recollect at that moment, had never been associated with any religion but that of Jesus Christ," he consulted not his heart, but his memory, and it proved a fallacious guide. It is truly remarkable that President Wil son should have forgotten the debt which modern scholarship both in literature and science owes to the Mo hammedans. During a long period while Europe was sunk in the dark ness of superstitious ignorance these remarkable people wrote books and pursued scientific investigations both in the East and the West. Their schools were scattered over the world from Spain to Persia and multitudes of scholars attended them. Much of the scientific knowledge which we now enjoy came to us by way of the Mohammedans. They were not very brilliant as original in vestigators, but they kept the torch of knowledge burning when it was extinct among all other peoples and we have inherited the results of their industry. Nor is Mr. Wilson's re mark quite fair to the Jews. It seems , almost incredible that he should have denied them the credit of, "scholar ship," although their achievements are certainly not "associated with the religion of Jesus." The Jews have done far more than their share in every department of intellectual and spiritual work. Their scientific men are now and always have been at the head of their profession. Their phi losophers stand in the very front rank. Their mathematicians are as great as any. In great music and art the Jews have done almost as much as all the rest of the world together, at least since the time of the Renais sance. A memory which could deny to the Jews and Mohammedans any credit for scholarship needs chasten ing before it is trusted again. But the President stood on firm ground when he said that very often our only reason for hating' and de spising other peoples is because ' we do not know them. His quotation of Charles Lamb's odd saying that he "never could hate a man whom he knew" was extremely apt. Of course in exceptional cases we hate men be cause we know them only too well, but such instances are rare. Enmity between individuals. Just as between nations, is usually the consequence of ignorant misunderstandings. The English In old days detested the French because they were -"frog-eaters." while the French returned the feeling with interest because the Brit ish were "John Bulls." That was all they knew of one another and the gap In their knowledge afforded am ple room for interminable warfare. Now that British and French have become Intimately acquainted by means of trade and travel the idea of strife is repugnant to both nations. We may feel assured that no war will break out between them in the future unless startling international changes should occur. Knowledge unifies the world In many ways. The pursuit of science is a bond of Increasing power. Inves tigators in the French, German, Eng lish and American laboratories are all eager to keep In touch with one an other's work. Interchange of ideas and publications goes on among them constantly. In this way friendships are cemented between the leaders of the world's thought and war is made more improbable every day. The same process goes on in the realm of literature. No sooner does a genius produce some great work than it is translated into all the European languages. His thoughts become com mon property. People of kindred minds make friendship with him in all parts of the world. Such men as Ibsen, Hauptmann, Bernard Shaw and Tolstoi have probably done more to abolish war by the friends they have made than by their sermons. The lovers of Tolstoi, for example, are numerous in every reading coun try, and since they are almost invar iably people of ability their influence for peace is a factor not to be de spired by the" Jingoes. It would be easy to cite a score of ways in which increasing knowledge combats the war frenzy. As a mere human being we should Imagine that Milton J. Levi was priced a little high at $150,000. He is a glided San Francisco youth and this is the sum at which his deserted wife values his lost love. Since he forsook her within a quarter of an hour aster the wedding, his love, in our opinion, is a mighty poor article. But if Pearl, that is his wife's name, can make him pay up in good round dollars for his treachery we shall re joice with her. Ed Allsky's brief autobiography gives an interesting account of a long and usef il life. He was born in Ger many in 18 32 and came to Portland in 1875, after an adventurous life on land and sea. Mr. Allsky served as a sailor in the southern seas, was fore man in a metallurgical laboratory in San Francisco, dug gold in California and has followed various useful call ings In Portland. His green old age Is the reward of a temperate and dili gent life. A school of up-to-date philosophers has proposed a simple and expeditious plan for abolishing crime. All we need do is to abolish the law. Were there no laws it is perfectly obvious that there could be no crimes. By the same token if we had no clothes they would never wear out and if we had no houses they would never burn up. A little more reflection brings to light the fact that if we had never been born we should not have to die. If Governor West really wishes to embarrass his political foes, there is a more effective means at his com mand than a special session of the Legislature. All he needs to do is to. put them under martial law and send a detachment of troops against them. Lincoln Beachey invented the aerial cork screw fllpflop. but perhaps It is a mere imi tation of the political corkscrew flipflop. Chicago- Record-Herald. Woodrow .Wilson invented the po litical flipflop with his reversal of at titude on canal tolls and W. J. Bryan put in the corkscrew feature. It is to be hoped that the Hood River Unitarians do as well by their minister as by their choirmaster. The latter will look conspicuous 6porting round in his new official automobile If his pastor is obliged to walk. Wo cave nineteen lives to prevent arms and ammunition from reaching Huerta and now stupidly permit tnem to be delivered without remonstrance. That is a new record of National in efficiency. Americans are charged with spend ing a billion a year eedlessly. Well, we're enjoying life, anyway, and a billion isn't very much after all In this land of plenty. Another severe earthquake has failed to damage the canal. Fortu nate thing the ubiquitous political grafter didn't have a chance in its construction. Writh heavy cargoes of arms and war munitions reaching him from both coasts, Huerta may shortly be come a bit haughty again. The latchstrlng is out for the. Pro gressives in Missouri. And they had better hurry in from the wilderness of a lost hope. Burning- heat In New York has been broken by a violent and destruc tive storm. One thing right after another. J. Ham Lewis resents continual twitting. - Perhaps if he would shave people might take him more sertouBly. Nez Perce Indians are for prohibi tion. Little wonder, considering what firewater does to the redskin. Elk liberated near Seattle are de stroying crops. A brief open season will provide a quick remedy. But even if a protocol Is signed and Huerta agrees to everything, what will the "patriot" Villa do? What's the matter with crowding the ball park tomorrow. Just to en courage the Beavers? The wife of the notorious Dlggs wants a divorce. Never was wife more long-suffering A .local plumber has gone into bankruptcy, a fact that might serve to dispel an illusion. The snow-white squirrel caught In Polk County must be a "sign." Where is the interpreter? The proudest father in Portland will be the one whose offspring wins the spelling bee. The city's efficiency system appears to lack but one thing efficiency. Tomorrow opens the holiday sea son. Buy everything today. Save your choicest blooms for the graves tomorrow. Now watch the roses bloom. MKRR1 -GO-KOt D OF" THE PERMIT. How to Procure Klaat to Erect Ordi nary Building; la Explained. PORTLAND, May 27. (To the Edi tor.) Did you ever get a building per mit? If you have I sympathize with you; if you haven't let me advise you. Start early and Journey to the City Hall; be sure to take two sets of plans and specifications, also your lunch. You will find the Beiilding Inspectors' office on the fourth floor. Line up, and when It comes your turn, the plan clerk looks over your plans, and if the building is an ordinary one he will tell you that you may get your permit today, otherwise he will tell you to come back next week. Presuming your building is Just or dinary, we will continue: The plan clerk has your plans red-penciled here and there, and then he gives you a slip of paper and asks you to visit tue Water Office on the first floor. The water clerk takes your plans and figures and figures, and finally he re turns your plans and says about $4, please. You ought to use so much ce ment, so much plaster and so many brick; the water it takes to mix these up you pay for at so much a barrel, ton or thousand. Pay your bill and he will tell you the City Treasurer on the second floor would like to see you. There you pay for your building permit (which you haven't got). After you have been in itiated so far, you go back to the Building Inspector and show your evi dence that you have been the round in correct order, and finally he stamps your plans and gives you a permit. You can breathe a sigh of relief that you have your permit, but you are not finished yet. See the-City Engineer and procure a street permit for the use of one-half the street to dump materials on. Coming to the point, it is this. The merry-go-round method of doing busi ness at the City Hall should be stopped. This way of doing business may be system, but it Is the wrong kind of sys tem. Let us hope for better methods. CHARLES A. ERIS5. SEW LOCKED CORK FOR BOTTLES A Key Takes Place of Corkscrew Wltb Tb.ii Curious Stopper. Chambers' JournaL An ingenious method of corking bot tles has been Invented which is appli cable to the bottling of more expensive liquors. This latest device comprises the familiar cork made to standard sizes so as to fit bottles of varying capacity and shapes, and provided with a patent metallic double cap. The cork is driven into the bottle in the usual manner; but, instead of a corkscrew, a small key is used for its withdrawal. In the metallic cap is a small slot for insertion of the key, which is slightly depressed. This causes the upper part of the. cap to fly upward by means of a spring. This movable disk, which slides upon a substantial though slen der shaft, serves as a grip for the fingers, so that a steady and direct pull draws the cork without damaging it. Consequently, when some of the con tents of the bottle has been poured out. the cork may be replaced and driven home, the bottle being thus sealed as tightly as it was originally. To all intents and purposes it is the application of the Yale lock used for doors, etc. The cork cannot be drawn without the key, bo that tampering with the contents or improper use is impossible, because the key is in the possession of the owner or some re sponsible person. The drawing of a cork thus becomes an easy operation, and destruction of the corkscrew Is prevented. Although the stopper has been designed specially for the liquor, wine and spirit trade, it at the same time completely solves the vexed ques tion of securing the safety of bottles containing poisonous liquids, as a bot tle stoppered with this new appliance cannot be opened without the key; and ask this is in safe keeping, pre meditation is required to obtain the contents. EXAMI-VE . PEOPLE ONCE YEARLY New York Physician Would Add Five . Years to Each Patient's Life. New. York World. Health Commissioner Goldwater has a scheme afoot for adding 15 million years to the lives of people living in New York. The scheme involves the medical examination of every man. woman and child in the five boroughs at least once a year, but he believes that the huge task would infinitely more than pay for itself, because his estimate of 15 million added years as a result is a minimum. Five years, he believes, is more likely to be the new lease enjoyed on an average by each Individual. The commissioner's project is, in re ality, but a city wide application of the "life extension -methods pursued ty many large corporations for the detec tion and prevention of disease among their employes. He has already put It Into practice among the three thou sand employes of his own department, and he will shortly seek the approval of the board of estimate and apportion ment for the examination in the same way of the employes of every city de partment. "We have already," Dr. Goldwater said, "a bureau of ehild hygiene in the health department for the prevention among school children of epidemics and Infectious and contagious diseases gen erally. I believe that we ought also to have a bureau of adult hygiene." The greatest boon of the new plan would be. Dr. Goldwater says, the registration of communicable and de generative diseases. Ordinarily men and women put off until too late the consultation with physicians regarding their ailments, but the projected exam lnatlon would prove a "stitch in time' in more instances than anyone can now surmise. What Are Pneumonia Symptoms? PORTLAND. May 28. (To the Edl tor.) Pneumonia has removed from this life a useful man. Bishop Scadding. He could reasonably have expected many more years of life, as he was ap parently strong and healthy. This moves me to Inquire whether there are symptoms of pneumonia which can be immediately recognized by the average person. If so there is a chance to promtly consult a physi clan and take remedial measures. The disease 1b so swift and deadly that it would be well if the City and State Health Boards would give the public the information I seek if It can be put in useful form. If pneumonia could only be distinguished from more harmless troubles on the start much could be dona for humanity. ROBERT C WRIGHT. Appreciation of n Visitor. London Punch. Visitor (sampling Belfast stout with evident appreciation) Really, this Is splendid stuff. . They say that it is both meat and drink. Walter (Inter rupting) Sure, an' it's roight ye are, sor; an' if ye take -plenty av it it'll foind ye lodgings, too. Perils of an Explorer. Washington (D. C.) Star. "It takes a lot of courage and patience to be an explorer, doesn't it?" "Yes," replied the adventurous man. "Discovering things isn't so bad. But great Scott! What you have to go through when you get back to civiliza tion!" It Is Worth One Penny. AIRL1E. Or.. May 27. (To the Edi tor.) Dear Sir: Please let me know if a new penny made in 1910 is of any valuo or not. C. C. CHARACTER ESTIMATE OK VILLA Former Resident of Mexico Discusses Traits of Rebel Chief. PORTLAND, May 28. (To the Edi tor.) In estimating the character of Francisco Villa, the Mexican rebel chief, it is difficult to do Justice. He is guiltless of some of the deeds at tributed to him. The motive of other of his violent acts has been misunder stood In toe United States. No doubt some of his homicides and savage war practices are the deeds of & man given to fits of cruel and violent temper. Few foreign correspondents have the confidence of Villa or have been in a position where they could obtain first hand Information. His enemies have naturally been willing to give the worst possible account of him. John Reed, a former Portland boy, probably knows more about the Mexican revolu tion to far as it is an uprising by the mass of the people than any other cor respondent who has been in Mexico. His accounts of Villa and his follow ers in the April, May and June num bers of the Metropolitan magazine are intimate and evidently Just. He does not hide the dark spots, neither does he forget to tell about the good quali ties of the revolutionists, such as they are. I lived four years in Mexico and have been in most of the states of that unfortunate country. I made my exit shortly after the outbreak of the Ma dero revolution in 1910. Considering what has happened since. I am glad I left. But Mexico Is not a bad place to live if you know how to adapt yourself to the customs and the people. Thar is one trouble with foreigners. especially English and Americans in Mexico. They will, not let the Mexi can live his own. life and do things in his own way. The foreigners take the best part of the country from the natives and then brand them as irre sponsible and immoral. The Mexican Is a Mexican, and not an Englishman or American. It is foolish not to make allowance for a difference in tempera ment and custom. No nation can real ly Judge fairly the customs and habits of another nation without taking ra cial traits, tradition and age-long so cial environment into account. Hence It is easy to make a mistake about Villa. One cannot think of him otherwise than as a fiend, an Insane, murderous beast, unless one remembers the racial characteristics of the Mexi cans and the special conditions under which they have lived for a good many generations. That Villa Is cruel at times is true, but there are thousands ready to do to him what he has done to his ene mies if they get the chance. In fact, the very robberies and cruelties he has Inflicted upon others, Villa knows have been inflicted upon his friends. It Is the old code of blood revenge, of re taliation with big interest, that ob tains in Mexico. Villa denies that he has violated women. It is true he has several wives. But the custom of the country is not opposed to that, so Villa makes no effort to hide the fact. The mar riage tie is very loose among the masses of the people. Men and women live together and separate with little formality. Yet there are many life long unions among men and women. Divorce, with more formality and ex pense. Is not unknown even . In the United States. Among Villa's good qualities I would mention first his strict sobriety. For years he has been a -otal abstainer from alcohol, and he never uses tobac co. Again, he is unquestionably loyal to his friends. He worshiped Madero, and of course is working for the death of all of Madero's enemies. His hates and his loves are both vio lent. He hates the Spaniards implaca bly, claiming they are always the Insti gators of plots to curtail popular lib erty. On the other hand, he has often been overcome by grief and wept like a child when some close friend of his was killed. He would undoubtedly be fiendishly delighted to kill Huerta with his own hands. Villa is personally brave. He often fights In battle like a common soldier and where the fighting is worst. The guerrilla warfare of the rebels requires a minimum of direction by officers. Military, experts of other nations have conceded that he is a born commander, and his success proves it. In addition, he is a shrewd diplomat. His refusal to let Huerta stampede him into an of fensive attitude toward this country shows him to have plenty of "savy." He has the whole-hearted confidence of his followers, and so far has played fair with them. His division of the land ameng them has been essentially Just from the peon's standpoint. Villa Is illiterate but capable of 'earning much. The man who has charge of his hospital corps Is a gradu ate of Johns Hopkins University Medi cal School. Villa gave Mexico "?r first field hospital, and he Insists that the sanitary regulations of his medical chief be obeyed. Thev are Villa claims to hate war and love peace. He is opposed to standing armies. His aim, he says, is to own a farm and raise corn and cattle, or work in a government leather factory mak ing saddles and bridles, a trade he understands. At the same time he is for an armed citizenry, every person even the women being trained to the use of firearms, owning a fine rifle ana having plenty ot ammunition. Should the patrla then be in'ed, the foreign foe would find a whole popu lace armed against them a most ef fective defense. Villa's worst foe may yet prove to be his own ambition. He is a strong man. let no one doubt that, and he has an ideal of liberty to which he has so far been faithful. He became a bandit to war against Diaz and his followers. It remains to be seen if a man of strength such as he is will not be led into making fatal compromises to ob tain personal power, wealth and glory. But whatever his fate may be. coward ice will not play a part in it. He will die fighting. GRINGO. BASEBALL AND CONGRESS. Ohio Representative Says Diamond Heroes Overshadow Legislators. Washington (D. C.) Cor. Cincinnati Enquirer. In the midst of the solemnities con nected with the memorial services in the House of Representatives in honor of the late Representative Irvln S Pepper, of Iowa, General Isaac R. Sher wood, of Ohio, brought smiles by In terjecting some very interesting obser vations on the decadence of Congress. General Sherwood first became member of the National law-making body in 1872, but he had listened to Congressional debates as far back as 1859, and his remarks came like a voice out of the past, contrasting the early days with the present. He told how. in the first half cen tury of National life. Congress held, the thought and attention of the country, and then he showed how Congress has gradually taken the sidetrack, while the artists of the diamond and prize ring have basked in the limelight. "Congrese," Bald he, "was then the central and leading attraction the star of hope of a new nation on a new continent. Today Congress is regarded as a side issue, except in case of war or some great conflict that stirs the patriotic blood of the people. The Con gressional Record Is generally unread in the presence of the baseball bulla tins and the staged bouts of the nose smashers and rib-crackers of the brutal prize ring. Lovely AVomsu mm s Shopper. Louisville Courier-Journal. "How can you tell when a woman is only shopping?" "When they Intend to buy they ask to see something cheaper. When they're shopping they ask if you haven't something more expensive in stock." Twenty-Five Years Ago From The Oregoflian of May 19, 1SS9. Chicago, May iS Detective Daniel Coughlin, Patrick Sullivan, the ice man. and Frank J. Black, alias Woodruff, were indicted this evening for the mur der of Dr. Cronin. Woodruff has con fessed, but says he simply acted as driver of the wagon which disposed of the body. Salem, May 28. The 16th annual ses sion of the Oregon State Grange con vened today. State Master Hayes pre sided and Governor Pennoyer gave the address of welcome. Mrs. L. L. Hille ary responded. Mrs. J. H. Strickle, of Salem, sang a solo; Judge Boise, on behalf of Salem Grange, delivered an address of welcome. Mrs. L. A. Man ning and Miss Mabel Gray sang a duet: W. A. Sample, of Umatilla County, re sponded to Judge Boise; Mrs. S. T. Hayes delivered an address of wel come to the visitors from California, to which A. G. Dewey responded, and Master Hayes then read the annual address. Walla Walla, May 28 Mrs. O. W. Hunt and family, accompanied by her niece. Llllle Moore, have returned from a visit to Roseburg. Or. Victoria, B. C. May 28. A powerful British squadron is now en route to Bering Sea for the protection of seal era Walla Walla. May 28. The Oregon Railway Extension Company has filed a mortgage covering the following prospective roads: From a point on the O. R. & N. near Alto through Eure ka Flat to Walla Walla: from near Es tes, this county, across the fiat to grange City and thence to effect a junction with the O. R. & N. line; from Portland to Astoria. George B. Markle has returned from the Coeur d'Alene mines. HarrV TV flicinman n.4 T-i T who are collecting subscriptions for I'uuim wi juiy ceieoration, report meeting with good success. Colonel Frank J. Parker nt -veil. Walla, and Robert Wilson, of Puyallup, " " city, naving just returned from a visit to the Colonel's extensive ranch at Yaquina. Miss Ella E. KaufTman rinnrht.i. f Mr. and Mrs.A. Kauffman. was united marriage yesterday to Anson P. Ho taling, Jr., by Judge L. B. Stearns. .TpffrlA XT IT..... . . do, manager OI tne Yvestern Lnion Telegraph Company in this cltv. haa alniul i . . - -" - . w .aric eiiect June 1, when he will enter upon his duties as assistant superintendent of wblai xeiegrapn uompany. The Porttnnj i . , , - -- " i . ABBvi;jaLiun nas found 44 horses entered for the June lueeung. miss Myrtle Beck will ride a span of thoroughbred horses bare back around the track June 8. On his farm of some 1200 acres In the Waldo Hills, Judge Waldo has about 150 Chinese pheasants. C. F. Mayhew, the old man who dis appeared a week ago, has been f jund at The Dalles. Monday Manager C. J. Smith, of the O. R J rV. Ton.ln-J Jl ..u - Lillian McGarry dated Johnstown Pa aclrina. . 1 . . , . 1 i"" no leiegrspn any informa tion reisardinff JsmH at-i; ., 1 . moments. A disnatch wa sent stating that McGarry is now safe and nllv at t Vi a t..i it . . -- --Hospital at Marshfleld, Or. The ground for Dr. Dav Raffetys house in Raffety's Addition, south of Stephens Slough, was laid off yester day. It Is said he will put up a resi dence costing $5000. FEATURES FOR THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN From Wealth to Poverty. The story of the once-powerful Terrazas family of feudal over lords whose millions have been con sumed by the fires of revolting peons whom they exploited for years m Mexico. The record of their fall to comparative poverty is graphically told by a corre spondent of The Oiegonian now in Northern Mexico. Homes for Workers. An illustrated article from a New Zealand correspondent which tells in detail how the humblest workers acquire neat and comfort able little homes of their own. Fisher's Drawing. This Sunday in his new series, "The Greatest Moments in a Girl's Life," Harrison Fisher portrays "The Honeymoon.' - A full page drawing, in wash. Fortunes in Signs. A crook of the finger may mean thousands on the Chicago Board of Trade. An illustrated feature tells of the most unique sign lan-. guage in the world. Titles for Sale. Even the proud old aristocracy of Japan is giving way to the allurement of dollars, so a Tokio correspondent discovers. Titles are now a matter of barter. Her Husband's Shadow. How a face on the screen at Bel port upset the populace, and what old Bill Tewlegger discovered on his own account. A Woman Adventurer. She has invaded the darkest cor ners of China and Mongolia, calmly meeting many dangers and hard ships. The story of her remarkable exploits are illustrated by photo graphs which she took on her bold jaunt. Moods of Genevieve. In ,the seventh sketch of this series the "Imaginative Mood" ia portrayed. Judgment. A short story of love, daring and sacrifice, by Owen Oliver. Illus trated. New War Machines. A grim and titanic monster in deed is the modern fighting or ganization and it has added a ter rible effectiveness to the sad game of warfare. Full page, in colors. The Fold-Up Tamily. A new feature for the children, together with a full page of other features for the little ones. Many Pages of Other Features. Order today of your newsdealer. r