THE MORNING OREGONTAN. SATURDAY. MAT 16, 1914.
POOR WILL FIGHT TO
GNU
BONDAGE
Most Oppressed Class in Mex
ico Counted On to Resist
- American Invasion.
I WORKERS' LOT DESCRIBED
Jvative "Who Has Had Sad Experience
Tells How Ranch Owners Treat
Their Hands, Who Still Keep
Love of Country.
BY JOSEPH MEDILL PATTERSON.
By Arrangement with the Chicago Tribune.
VERA CRUZ, May 5. This Is the
story of Pedro Varga, whose father
was a Mexican and. whose mother was
a Cuban. '
Pedro is 23 years old. He has a
light olive skin, an Intelligent face
with delicate features, and an abund
ance of curling black hair. He is
niht watchman at the Aleman Hotel.
He speaks English pretty well. He
was in the "United States 1904-1910,
from the age of 13 to 19. He worked,
he says, in a boarding-house for a Mrs.
Pollen, 454 North Newstead avenue, St.
Louis. He went, he says, first to the
Kugene Field school in St. Louis, but
on account of his ragged appearance
and dark skin, things were uncom
fortable for him, and he was trans
ferred to the Dumert (colored) school
In the same city,
"If the American soldier go through
there will be no fight in big numbers.
There will be what you call guer
rilla. I have heard Mexican officers
say so here in zis hotel. These
mens live in mountain range. They
have plenty cattle, eat for six, eight
motif. In mountains. They kill the
Americanos farthest out and then they
go away, far away, no one know. They
burn and ride queeck, but do not
stay many in one place Americanos
get big strong people too many. Tree,
four they fight."
Poor Are Patriotic.
"Will the Indians fight?"
"Yes, Indians poor people they have
nugging. they are naked, but they love
their land. They fight. yet. Intelli
gent people, they not fight perhaps."
"The rich peoples," he continued,
"the haciendados, they is trouble with
Mexico. When Americanos come Vera
Cruz all peoples expect be killed. Now
peoples see Americanos treat them
good, kind, you say, yet but they
fight. Afterwards maybe they glad
Americanos come. Up north next
United States people is most intelli
gence. Learn American ways. Here
peoples are robbed by rich hacienda
Jos." "You mean," I said, "south in Yuca
tan?" "No, I mean in here in state of Vera
Cruz. I tell you something. Man with
ranch, haciendado, he come to Vera
Cruz. He say to jefe politico I want
1000 men work my plantation. Jefe
politico he say all right. $2000. Then
he arrest the drunken peoples and say
1 fine you $50.
"The poor man say I have not s
much. The jefe politico say all right
you work it out on ranch 60 cents
a day."
l'arm Worker's Experience Described.
"But. Pedro." said I, "surely they
don't work all the ranches by convict
labor."
"Oh, no," he said. "Mos' often not
like me. I came Vera Cruz last year. I
have $40. Bimeby that go. I get no job.
A man he meet me on street and s&y,
"You wish to work for farmer?'. I say,
No. I have heard of farm worker.'
"He say, 'O not. for you, you an in
telligent man. educated man. You will
be butler, houseman.' I say 'No. I want
work Vera Cruz, not country.
"Bimeby very many is going away,
and my shoes is broke, and I am afraid
1 be barefoot. And I cannot wash. I do
not look good. I meet this man in
plaza. He say. 'Toil want work? I say,
No. I want work Vera Cruz.' One week
later I meet this man again in plaza.
He say. 'You want work?' I say, 'Yes
for butler. I am educated. Intelligent
man. 1 can read. He say, 'All right,
certainlee for butler."
"So I sign paper which say I work
151 days for BO cents a day as house
man, but this man takes the paper.
1 hen he gives me $15. I say, 'I buy me
shoes or 1 be barefoot. He say. Come
with me, and put me in house in Vera
Cruz. There are 20 other men in house
ana tie lock door.
"Then he says. 'Spend your $15 for
planner, and pair of pants, you no need
HITS.
Men Robbed and Treated Crnrlly.
"He keep all mens in house and not
Irt no one out. Ttirn we must buv evprv-
zing by messenjaire all or food we must
i-ay for. We ray two prices. Twice as
much we pay in this house for blank
ets, cigarettes and our food we mnnt
. nay for twice so much as cost in streets
outside.
'"After one week zey out us on a train
nt 6 in the evening and 4 next morning
v. r- ream cosamalapoan in this state of
Vera Cruz. We got to ranch of Luis
nurgarao. He Is Mexican. When we
go tnerc. he says to each mans. You
owe me J41 for my expense for train
ana Doard in Vera Cruz.'
"One man says. -I have pay my own
Voard in Vera Cruz two times when I
am locked in that house. Besides you
Bay you pay 50c a day and board.'
"So a capitan. what you sav over
seer, standing by the haciendado, he
hit this man in mouth with butt of
incnester gun and broke his tooth.
So the other mens is frightened and say
nothing. So I am frightened and say
noining.
"They toll us march to nlare of n
trees split in half with roof of palm
ah one Dig gallery. So I say,
T am houseman, not laborer mil -n-
itan hit me with flat of machete on
head, and so I go alonfe. "We sleep on
j'aim leaves.
.urd Kept Constantly.
"There is wires around this nalm
stockade, and outside more wires, and
two capitans walk between stockade
una wires always at night with Win
rhfsters.
-t 4 trie capitan say 'get up. and all
grt up and eat beans, and roast corn.
We eat sitting on our beds and w tav.
hot water wiz a cup of coffee for a
gallon. Zen we go in fields half past
"On this ranch the businexx i
make aquadente from sugar cane. Each
veon has three drinks aquadente a day
tor keep off malaria, but manv mn
has malaria. Zey charge 3 cents for
tne drink aquadente they make on
iiace, wnicn Is onlv 1 cent in v.n
t'rur. They charge 10 cents for bar of
oap rat is 3 cents Vera Cru and each
Sunday and Wednesday they sell us
three box of cigarettes for 10 cents
wnicn is t cents in Vera Cruu.
"We must get up like soldiers each
morning at 4 and at 13 march back in
jino wim capltans watching to stock
ade for dinner. Never no meat.
"At 1 we go back to cane fields with
machete and work to six and a half.
-.ere is min blood on handle of ma
ch-te from our hands that shave off.
"When a man run away the capltans
LATE PHOTOS OF
TV - -
r" v
r
i i
TOP VILLA'S COLl'MS OS WAY.
take horses and catch him. Then they
take him back to stockade and wait
until other mens come in and then
they beat this man with guns until
they break his arm. Then he must
work with one arm. "We other mens
sit there like dead mens. We are
afraid. We do not help him.
There are thirty-six men start their
181 days on the ranch, but only 11 flu
sh. The others run away, leave every-
zing. home leave zelr hats. They have
no pay. If they escape or are caught
and shot, I know not.
How much money did you receive
for your six months' work, Pedro?" I
asked.
'Twelve dollars and seventy-five
cents at the end." he said. "That Is
$4.25 in gold. The capitan say I am
faithful oh, I hate heim and so he
give me ze most. Zat is ze highest of
the whole thirty-six mens I get."
'Was your haciendado Luis Borgardo
rich ?"
'No, he was not rich. Some rich
peoples have 5000 working people.
There was also four womens on our
ranch. They cook for us and besides
they are for ze capltans."
Revolution Does Not Mean Chansje.
"Does your haciendado live on his
ranch?
"Not so much. He is in Mexico City
much."
'If Villa and the revolutionists get in
power will all that change?"
"No it will change nevaire. Zat is
Mexico."
"But the Americans will not permit
that kind of slavery if they occupy
the country. You know that, don't you,
Pedro?"
'Yes I know the Americans are
more liberty but," he shrugged his
shoulders.
'You think these poor Indians would
fight a guerrilla warfare to continue
in this bondage?"
Yes. I think they will fight ver
long. The Indian love his country."
FARMERS' BILL DELAYED
COJiTl.lltriiD OBJECTIONS TO ITEMS
PREVENT VOTE.
Senator Gore Saya Colleague Qnlbble
Over Helping Aertenlture, but
Vote Million for KiIIIbk;.
WASHINGTON. May 15. Final
action for the agricultural appropria
tion bill was delayed In the Senate
again today by continued objections to
items in the measure.
An appropriation of $50,000 for the
study of co-operation among farmers
In matters of rural credits and sani
tation was the chief object of attack.
Senator Martin, chairman of the ap
r ropriations committee, asserted this
expenditure would be useless, and that
the Department of Agriculture was
encroaching on the public health and
banking departments of the Govern
ment. Senator Overman said If such
appropriations continued, the Govern
ment would be faced with a deficit.
"The money is coming out of the
pockets of the farmers;" replied Senator
Core, chairman of the agricultural
committee. "It is the farming class,
the authors of wealth, that bear the
brunt of the $150,000,000 apDronriation
for a Navy to send men to their death:
of the $95,000,000 for the Army to
butcher and kill. You will pass those
bills in half an hour, yet you debate
the bill to appropriate $19,000,000 to
benefit the farmers for two weeks."
Wilson to Sign Embassy Bill.
WASHINGTON, Slay 15. President
Wilson will sign tomorrow the bills
passed by Congress raising the Amer
lean legations in Argentina and Chile
to embassies. Minister Kaon, of Argen
tina, and Minister Suaret, of Chile, who
are conspicuous figures in Washington
Just now as two of the mediators in
the Mexican trouble, are to be present,
together with Secretary Bryan and
other officials of the Government.
M . f ... . .t iff i 'jiiiiTT""""- --r llTMH
MEXICAN REBELS ON MARCH TOWARD CAPITAL.
1
mm
' - ' i wMrS.
hi . " -V I
win w
- Photo by Underwood & Underwood.
MIDDLE MARCH THROUGH TORREOX AFTER LATE: BATTLE. BELOW
SKIRMISHERS IX AMBISH.
CURT DEMAND MADE
Huerta Told to Give Informa
tion as to Private Parks.
VICE-CONSUL HEARD FROM
Silllnian Tteportcd on Way by Rail to
Mexico City Rebels Will Not lie
Prevented" From Importing
Arms at Tampico.
(Continued From First Pase.
reckoning came over the offenses com
mitted against the United States.
The three South American mediators
had received no communication from
the United States about the Parks in
cident and persons in the confidence
of the President said the affair prob-
bly would not interfere with the be
ginning of the mediation proceedings,
although it was recalled that the
United States accepted the tender of
good offices with the reservation that
no hostile acts toward Americans
shohld occur while the negotiations
were in progress.
Count Sllliman on Way to Capital.
Receipt of word by the British Em
bassy from Sir Lionel Garden, British
minister in Mexico Cify, that J. R.
Silliman, missing American Vice-Consul,
was on his way by rail from Sal
tillo to Mexico City brought the first
news about Sllliman in several days,
considerably relieving the anxiety felt
by officials. The British Vice-Consul
at Saltillo telegraphed the information
to t.ir Lionel Garden.
The Parks and Sllliman incidents
have been looked on in many quarters
as likely to embarrass the mediation
negotiations, but those close to the
Administration said both incidents
probably would be cleared up by next
week.
Postponement of the Niagara Falls
Mexican mediation conference from
next Monday to the following Wednes
day. at the request of the Huerta dele
gates, changed the plans for the South
American, mediators and the American
commissioners for depature today and
tomorrow, and produced much specu
lation as to possible significance in the
delay. ,
Delay Declared Not Portentous.
The Spanish Ambassador here, who is
caring for the interests of Mexico in
the United States, authorized the state
ment that the two days' delay meant
merely that the Huerta delegates
wanted a brief respite from their long
journey, and had no political Impor
tance. The Spanish Ambassador will
give a dinner in honor of the Mexicans
Saturday night, after which they will
proceed to Niagara Fairs. The three
South Ajnerlcan diplomats and Ameri
can jcommissioners will leave on Sun
day and Monday.
The capture of Tampico by the con
stitutionallsts brought out the fact that
at present there is no prohibition
against the shipment of arms into that
port irom the United States or any
omer country.
fcecrentry Garrison today revealed
tne nature of his recent order shut
ting off shipments of arms across the
International border. He said it was
a. departmental order and did not affect
shipments through seaport towns. The
President did not at that time issue
any proclamation restoring the general
embargo on arms, but it. wa hll
then the prohibition would be carried
out oy tne Navy as well as the Army.
Rebels Can Get Monitions. .
Unless the President issues a nei
proclamation, or the. Navy Department
takes similar action to that of the War
: . .
1 9 9
s-t
Department, the constitutionalists can
get all the munitions of war they wish
irora tne united states through Tarn
pico.
Earlier in the day Secretary Daniels
nad expressed the belief that the Ameri
can Government would not interfere
with the shipment' of arms into any
Mexican port from countries other than
tne united fetates. According to Sec.
retary Garrison's explanation of the
arma question, there has never been
complete restoration of the embargo on
arms since the President lifted It to
all factions in Mexico last March.
When Carranza s note, following the
seizure or Vera Cruz, arrived here and
was interpreted as threatening, the
War Department was permitted at that
time to prevent shipments from goiiis-
nivaa mo international line, Dut no
turtner step was taken.
KEBEIyS RECRUIT IN" SAX 1MKQO
Mexicans Preparing for Dash
Lower California Is Belief.
SAN DIEGO, CaL, May 15. There is
well-defined report, partly substan
tiated by members of the Junta here.
mat reoei agents are recruiting sol
dlers at San Diego preparatory to mak
ing a dash lor Lower California. Si
multaneously with the removal of sol
diers from San Diego, a detachment
of 2000 soldiers will arrive at Santa
Rosalia and begin a campaign for the
subjugation of federal territory that
now extends from the boundary line
to San Jose de Cabo.
The steamer Victoria, of the Com-
pania Navlera del Paclfico line, sailed
last night for Entenada with everv
stateroom occupied, mostly by Mexi
cans. Much comment has been caused
along the watefront over the sudden
appearance of more than 300 Mexicans
today. For the past three days every
train from the north has brought its
consignment of from 25 to 60 Mexicans.
HORSE FAMRF, APPROACHES
Cliihnairua, Famed for Eq nines, Now
Stripped, Is Report. '
CHIHUAHUA. Mex.. May IS. Chihua
hua, the state of bis ranches, whin
the horse was supreme and where no
one walked a distance of more than a
few hundred yards, virtually has been
stripped of its equine inhabitants. It
is estimated that 300.000 horses have
been killed In the Internal troubles
which have shaken Northern Mexico in
the last four years.
General Villa has 15,000 horses with
his army before Saltillo and eaarerlv
would seek the chance to double that
number. All his soldiers are horse
men, but he could secure mounts
only for a part of them. It is said by
farmers and ranchers and others that
the shortage of horses will be a serious
question when the fighting is over
and the soldiers turn again to peace
ful pursuits.
GUJiB-OATS ARE KEPT IX SIGHT
Scout Cruiser Still Hangs on Heels
of Mexican Warships.
VERA CRUZ. May 15 The gunboats
Zaragoza and Bravo, which were forced
to abandon their station at Tampico
when the federals evacuated that city,
passed Vera Cruz late today. They had
been followed south by the United
States cruiser Tacoma and two torpedo
boats.
The two" latter vessels put In here,
but the scout cruiser Chester was de
tached from the fleet to keep the gun
boats In sight and to lie off Progreso
when the Zaragoza and Bravo put in
there. -
Consul Hamm Returning; Wife 111.
EL. PASO, Tex., May 15. Theodore
Hamm, United States Consul at Duran
go. Mexico, arrived here today on his
way to his home In Idaho, where Mrs.
Hamm is reported to be dangerously
ill.
AKhoutTri she ! only 31 yam old, Mrs.
Winfield etoner. of " QuarryavlUe. Pa., is the
Artificial Ifmbn are aafd to bave been
used in Egypt om early as 700 B. C ,
Mi "5 X KB trOT . . . ; . - V-
mm&mm
'Hii- i
HOUSE DEMOCRATS
MUST FACE MUSIC
Effort to Let Prohibition Is
sue Die on Calendar Cir
cumvented in Time.
VOTES WILL BE RECORDED
States' Rights Question Raised' for
Benefit of Timid Members Sen
ate TJniyeely to Reach Vote
at Present Seeelon.
OREGONTAN NEWS BUREAU, Wash
ington, May 15. it was purely for po
litical reasons tnat the leaders of the
House of Representatives determined
to bring in a special rule providing
for the consideration of the Hobson
prohibition resolution, they having
concluded after a series of conferences
that the subject was one the Demo
cratlc majority dare not strangle by
legislative trickery. This determina
tion, however, has caused great wor-
riment to a large number of House
members, most of whom do not be
lieve in prohibition, but who fear to
vote "wet" when forced to go squarely
on record.
Originally, when the committee on
Judiciary reported the Hobson resolu
tion without recommendation, solely
to clear itself of responsibility for in
action, the leaders thought they could
handle the situation by permitting the
resolution to take its place on the
House calendar and then so to maneu
ver as to prevent that particular bit
of legislation from being reached this
session.
Advocates Offset Strategy.
Considerable publicity was given to
this bit of strategy and the advocates
of prohibition gave Indication of
purpose to fight the House leaders and
to hold them individually responsible
If the resolution were not 'brought to
vote.
Rather than invite the opposition of
the prohibitionists the leaders, after
many conferences, concluded that the
wise thing to do would be to bring In
special rule providing for the con
slderation of the resolution and then
let every House member shoulder his
own responsibility. It is true that
there is hope, in the hearts of some
leaders, that the Hobson resolution
will be defeated, for it must receive i
two-thirds vote to pass the House, be
lug a resolution proposing an amend
ment to the Constitution. But a m
Jorlty of the House can adopt the rule
providing for consideration of the res
olution, and the probabilities are that
once the rule is adopted opposition to
the resolution will dwindle as the time
for a final vote approaches.
" States' Rlsata Issue Raised.
Some of the Southern members of
the House are busy working up sent!
ment in support of a movement to op
pose the Hobson resolution not on its
merits, but on the ground that prohi
bltion is an issue that should be dealt
with by the states and not by the
Federal Government, and the indica
tions are that the fight against thi
resolution will be principally along
this line. The states' rights members
of the House can support & proposi
tion of this sort where they would be
afraid to vote against prohibition as
atraightout Issue In Itself.
If the Senate should take up the
prohibition resolution the session
would be prolonged at least another
month, for that is a topic on which
many Senators would have to speak
it is one on which considerable time
would be spent by the Judiciary com
mittee, and tne one element of In
fringement upon states' rights prob
ably would string out the debate for
an indeterminate period. Therefore
the prospects are that the Senate will
sidetrack the prohibition question, for
the present session at least.
Thomas E. Watson Indicted.
AUGUSTA. Ga, May 15. Thomas E.
watson. Georgia editor, historian and
politician, was indicted today by the
sag
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CALHOUN PROPERTY SOLD
Traction Magnate .sees 1x3 is Go at
Auction on $1,6 42,000 Claim.
CLEVELAXD, May 15. Sheriff Smith
sold today $70,000 worth more of land
on Euclid Heights belonging to Patrick
Calhoun, traction magnate of New
York and San Francisco, to satisfy a
mortgage of $1,642,000 held against
Calhoun by the Maryland Casualty
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the result of a suit by the Cleveland
Trust Company as trustee for the
Maryland Casualty Company.
several hundred thousand dollars
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209-10-11 Corbett Building
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worth of real estate was sold yester
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praised at $1,813,000. will be disposed
of. Calhoun was present again today
and saw his property go under the
hammer without comment.
St. Helens to Celebrate Kourlli.
ST. HELENS, Or., May IS. (Special.)
St. Helens will celebrate on the
Fourth of July this year. The plans
are in the hands of the fire company.
Extensive exercises have been arranged,
including a street parade, musical
chorus of 100 voices for the programme,
a ball game and fireworks in the even
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troddess of Liberty for the day. Judge
Harris' daughter is In the lead, with
Laura Barber, a Courthouse attache, a
close second.
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