8
TTTT5 MORXTKG OUTSGONTAN, TUESDAY, APRIXJ 21, 1914.
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PORTLAND, TUESDAY, AFBIZ. 21. 1314.
WHAT HAD BEEN lORESiES.
Beginning of hostilities against
Mexico is an occasion for the Ameri
can people to back up their Govern
ment with calmness and determina
tion in punishing the perpetrator of
an Indignity to the Nation, and in do
ing all the arduous work -which will
follow as an unavoidable conse
quence. It is no occasion for exulta
tion, enthusiasm or hurrah. The task
on which we are embarked is long,
arduous, costly in both blood and
money, and may bring in its train
other troubles the gravity of which
we can only surmise. We are brought
face to face with an unpleasant task,
which can bring as little, if any, mili
tary glory, but which may bring the
greater and more lasting glory
awarded to him who can look back
on a work well done.
The present crisis is the logical re
sult of the ill-advised policy of Pres
ident Wilson. Finding Huerta in
control of the government of Mexico
and knowing that Huerta had gained
control by the means customary In
that and like countries, he refused to
recognize patent facts and demanded
that Mexico should piit in practice a
theory of government which had
never existed in that country except
on paper. He greatly increased the
difficulties which. Huerta had to en
counter in combating the rebels and
put the dictator in a position where
the choice lay between accepting de
feat from a bandit leader who would
show no mercy to Huerta's backers
and provoking a quarrel with the
United States. Huerta has chosen
the latter alternative, in order either
to rally the people to him in repelUng
the invader and thus to end his rule
in the guise of a national hero, or to
save his wealthy supporters from
Villa's vengeance by turning them
over to the more considerate treat
ment of the United States, or to drive
the American people to do by force
that which they had vainly attempt
ed by peaceful means dictation who
should rule Mexico.
The present crisis has been fore
seen as bound to follow the Presi
dent's course, not only by The Orego
nlan. but by many newspapers and
magazines in this and other coun
' tries. On January 7 last The Orego
nlan said:
Events in Mexico and the action of the
nations are steadily crowding the United
tstates Into a road which leads directly to
armed Intervention. ... The longer an-
nrohv in Mexico continues the' longer Mr.
Wilson's pacific method of Intervention fails
to accomplish anything In the way of re
storing order, the more incumbent It will be
upon him to intervene by armed lorce.
On January 16 The Oregonian told
In these words how the necessity of
Intervention could be avoided:
' The President should have recognized
Huerta as President of Mexico unless he was
prepared to expei fiueria.
All warnings have been unheeded
and once more we see a ruler who
"passionately abhors war drifting into
M-ar through his persistence in pur
suing high ideals without regard to
things as they are. Once more we
tee love of peace leading into a war
"which, wiser statesmen of less lofty
professions would have avoided
I
AS TO WAR.
While President Wilson voices his
earnest purpose of preventing war
-ith Mexico if possible, the situation
has plainly crossed the danger line.
It may be that the Huerta faction
will look on serenely at an American
occupation of Tampico and Vera
Cruz. It may be that Carranza and
Villa will maintain their attitude of
neutrality. It may be that when
take up our retaliatory measures the
Mexican populace will look on tran
quilly while our marines seize the
line of communication between Vera
Cruz and Mexico City.
But the chances that they will not
do these things are very great. Armed
resistance by the coast forts at. Vera
Cruz, of course, would set the ball
of intervention rolling. A few vol
leys fired into our landing parties
would have the same effect. An up
rising against Americans in the in
terior of Mexico, or against other
foreigners, would set our military
forces in motion.
The situation is yet unformed or
at least not fully formed. The tide
for peace or war might turn at any
hour. But the prospects are all quite
'gloomy. Invariably, following the
practical breaking off of diplomatic
relations, there enters the drifting
period and the conditions of late yes
terday could be described as nothing
else.
The one chance that there will be
peace rests with the Mexicans. If
Huerta and his advisers can see the
folly and futility of resisting the de
mands of the United States and do
not follow up their folly of defying
the United States with armed force,
the crisis may pass off.
Should overt acts once set the con
flict In motion it is difficult to fore
tell Just where It would end. The
Mexican people are of an Inflamma
ble temperament. While they lack
the sinews of war, in the real sense
of the term, they are capable of an
extensive guerrilla warfare and the
stubborn resistance of disorganized
combat. And while they lack money
and big mobile armies, they abound
in pride and race feeling.
It may be that the American meas
ures designed to impress Huerta with
the dignity of the United States,
which he has affronted, will serve to
stir the impetuous Latin-American
temperament Into a frenzy. It may
be that the crafty and conscienceless
old Dictator would seek to take ad
vantage of this spirit and feed the
remnant of his nation's resources
into the maw of hopeless conflict
with the United States.
Come what may, the present mo
ment Is one of grave possibility. The
conduct of the American Nation in
the matter is above reproach, for our
underlying motives clear us of any
charge of wrong or injustice. Noth
ing ia farther from the American
purpose than conquest of Mexico or
acquisition of Mexican territory or
treasure. Even though we are forced
to march our armies the length and
breadth of Mexico the people will be
the better for it In the end, for If the
present crisis grows into armed in
tervention the result will be an end
to anarchy in Mexican country and a
new era of civilization will dawn for
a downtrodden people.
OUARDIXC SEXSIBXUTIES.
Publication of detailed accounts of
the execution of the four gunmen In
New York emphasizes the failure of
attempts by law to place a restriction
on grounds of propriety on what the
public shall read. In 1888, when
New Tork abolished hanging and
substituted death by electricity as the
penalty for murder, an effort was
made to prevent publication of de
tails of any execution. The law had
some other features Intended to
guard public sensitiveness. Announce
ment of the day and .hour in which
the execution was to take place was
forbidden and the body of the exe
cuted prisoner was to be burled In
quicklime in the prison cemetery.
The attitude, of the New Tork
newspapers from the first was that
the inhibition of published details of
executions was unconstitutional.
While brief announcements only were
printed concerning the death In the
chair of murderers in whom general
interest had not been aroused the law
was not obeyed concerning the exe
cution of more Important prisoners.
No newspaper was ever punished for
what the law declared to be a mis
demeanor and gradually the law was
modified so that now the day and
hour of executions are announced,
the body is turned over to relatives,
and reporters are admitted to the
death chamber.
It Is quite apparent that the news
papers do not publish details of exe
cutions or the public demand detailed
information merely because either
loves to revel in the grewsome. Were
that the sole reason, details of the
death of the ordinary as well as the
unusual criminal would be forth
coming. The recent executions in
New York involved more than the
death of four individuals. They sig
nified a triumph In part of law and
order over an atrocious system.
Their force as crime deterrents would
have been largely lost by suppression
of any Important feature of the event
tTTIXIZING THE NATIONAL GUARD.
Legislation of a very Important
nature from a military standpoint
was whipped through the United
States Senate yesterday forenoon In
the bill which had previously passed
the House providing for use of the
National Guard for war purposes. This
measure changes the entire status of
the National Guard or organized mili
tia of the country, making it in ef
fect an auxiliary force to the Regular
Army. The last obstacle was thus
removed to sending the National
Guard outside the boundaries of the
United States and the 110,000 armed
and equipped men become available
for any service that may be required
With this law In effect the War
Department is able to call upon state
troops as readily as upon regulars
In short, should mobilization be de
termined upon, the Third Oregon In
fantry, for example, could be called
upon as promptly as any regiment of
the regular establishment. Willing
ness on the part of 75 per- cent of a
National Guard command is required
at the outset for service as a part of
the Army, but this is a point which
possibly would .never be raised, as
those of the citizen soldiery who had
no relish for field service would be
replaced quickly by men of a sterner
caliber.
Not only war, but any condition
wherein the President might need
troops to uphold the dignity of the
United States, warrants the use of the
National Guard, the new enactment
provides. This clause clearly covers
the Mexican situation should it con
tinue to grow aggravated until field
operations were precipitated. Provl
sion is also made for paying the
Guardsmen In peace times as well as
in war, the remuneration being suffi
cient to Insure drill attendance and
greater effectiveness. The actual ap
propriation of necessary funds is alone
needed to make the pay pnase ef
fective. 1
While the measure, without ques
tion, was pressed through at this time
in order to render the National
Guard immediately available for
eventualities. It is of far-reaching im
portance, marking the establishment
at last of an effective reserve force
With pay and the added Federal sup
port now provided, the National
Guard has found a spur for develop
ment Into a really effective arm of
the American military service.
FIGHTTXO KWU3GE.
New Jersey has just distinguished
itself by striking a blow at scientific
investigation more worthy of the
Dark Ages than of the Twentieth
Century. The Rockefeller Institute
asked the state for the privilege of
erecting laboratories within its sacred
limits to carry on investigations Into
the cause and cure of diseases. The
request was denied because It came
out that in the course of their re
searches! the physicians at the In
stitute. would make experiments upon
animals. The New Jersey Legislature
prefers the safety of animals to the
welfare of men and women.
One of the principal opponents of
the bill was a Mr. Bellamy, who ar
gued that experiments on animals
infallibly led' to experiments on hu
man beings. He pretended to fear
that before longthe doctors would be
strapping women and children to
their dissecting tables and scraping
their nerves for fun. This is too ab
surd. Doctors do not experiment
upon animals because they love cru- j
elty but because they wish to miti
gate the misery of the world. Every
experiment they make is for the pur
pose of diminishing suffering.
Opposition to experiments upon
animals means obstruction to medi
cal progress. Every great advance in
the healing art of late years has been
by way of these experiments, and no
other course lies open for the future.
The anti-vivlsectionists oppose scien
tific Investigation because they pre
fer ignorance to knowledge. They
have some fanatical theories of -their
own about the origin and cure of dis
eases, and for the sake of these theo
ries, which are utterly worthless, they
fight every forward move of medical
science.
It is proper, of course, that ex
periments upon animals should be
performed as mercifully as possible
and that they should not be permit
ted for mere amusement. But to for
bid them altogether would be the
worst kind of a mistake, since it
would put an end to the progress of
medicine. Cancer illustrates our
point very well. The nature of this
disease Is not yet well understood and
the chances are that It never will be
understood without a great many ex
periments upon animals. Which Is
better, that thousands of human be
ings should continue to die of cancer
or that the necessary experiments
should be made?
StW ISSUES TO THE FRONT.
An oft-quoted proverb may fitly be
paraphrased to read, "Presidents
propose; events dispose," with refer
ence to the plans of President Wilson
and Congress. When the present
session opened, it was predicted that
Congress would pass anti-trust bills,
the regular appropriation bills and
some minor measures and adjourn in
June. April Is almost gone, but the
anti-trust bills are not yet out of com
mittee, the appropriation bills are
not all passed, and other business of
the first imp rtance has come up.
Even before Mexican affairs reached
a crisis, it was certain that the canal
tolls bill would add at least a month
to the length of the session. Now
that we are about to engage in "mili
tary operations" In Mexico, as tire
war is euphemistically styled, there Is
no telling how long the session may
continue.
Presidents may be able to get Con
gress to do as they wish President
Wilson has hitherto been very suc
cessful In that respect but Congress
will take its time about it. The Sen
ate in particular proceeds in a digni
fied, leisurely way. Possibly while
Senators were debating canal tolls,
the House might have passed the
anti-trust bill and the business might
have been finished by the middle of
July, had not the Mexican boll come
to a head. Now there Is no telling
how long the session may continue.
If the war in Mexico should be
come general, as there Is every rea
son to expect, it will be necessary to
provide funds and military forces.
The Treasury has a surplus of about
$60,000,000 available, after allowing
$30,000,000 as a working balance,
and a surplus of $18,000,000 is ex
pected by Democratic leaders. This
will suffice to finance military opera
tions for some months, but provision
must be made for the future. Con
gress may be called on to Impose war
taxes similar to those of the Spanish
War time, and those taxes will cause
endless talk in House and Senate.
Under the free and easy rules of the
Senate, members may talk on any
subject at any time and they will
wish to deliver themselves of opin-.
ions on the conduct of operations in
Mexico and on what shall be done
with that country. They will be man
ufacturing campaign material for the
election next Fall, and they will not
be silenced.
All political plans for the year have
been canceled by "events. The Ad
ministration expected to have plenty
of time to go before the people with
its record on tariff, currency, income
tax and trusts. Instead, it will be
judged largely, if not chiefly, by its
record on Mexico, canal tolls and the
Colombian treaty. Foreign affairs
promise to push domestic issues into
the background and to occupy the
people's minds this year. The Demo
crats must make a lightning change
of programme and must keep Con
gress In session through the dog days
to perfect their plans and to deliver
their supply of unspoken speeches to
be franked through the mails.
MUNICIPAL WHOLESALE MARKETS.
One truth at least comes pretty
clearly to light from the deliberations
of the recent Chicago conference on
marketing and farm credits. It is
that food supplies might under prop
er management bring In a good deal
more money to the farmer and at
the same time cost the city consumer
a good deal less than they do now
The process that robs the farmer on
one hand and plucks the consumer
on the other Is the distribution by
middlemen. It was the decided ver
dict of the conference that the mid
dleman, who Is useless and expensive,
must in some way be eliminated. How
to do It is the problem.
America is rapidly, passing under a
system of tenant farming and not a
good system either. We now have
some 2,500,000 farms tilled by ten
ants. Their average income is about
$91 a year, not enough to live on
decently. Hence they are forever on
the move, starving the land and
themselves. Moreover, they do not
stay long enough In any one place to
perfect a selling organization. Hence
our spreading tenantry system is be
coming more and more of an obstacle
to co-operative marketing.
And yet the problem must be
solved. Individual marketing Is ruin
ous to both producer and consumer.
It gives the middlemen control of the
food supply and often enables them
actually to stint cities by destroying
whatever surplus may accumulate
This has happened in Portland as
well as elsewhere. The remedy pro
posed at the conference is the scheme
of municipal wholesale markets
which has proved successful in
great many European cities. It is
conceded that most consumers will in
any case buy their supplies at Btorea
and in small lots. They must there
fore always pay high prices unless
the city intervenes and performs the
function at reasonable rates which
the middlemen now perform extor
tionately. This can be done through
municipal wholesale markets where
food supplies are received in carload
lots and distributed to local stores.
This seems to be the only form of a
public market which really meets the
necessities of the current situation.
But even the wholesale municipal
market leaves the farmer still unbe
frlended. It would buy his goods In
carload lots to be sure, but what
farmer acting individually can offer
them thus? This can be done only
by co-operation, and here we are con
fronted with the tenant farmer and
his difficulties again. How can he
practice co-operation with his short
lease and limited capital? The an
swer Beems to be that he as well as
other farmers must unite to form a
country-wide selling organization
with low membership fees and shares
of stock which pay no dividends. If
the shares can be made non-transferable
so much the better. The voting
privilege should belong to the mem
bership and not to the stock.
In this way the marketing problem
can no doubt be solved in the United
States as it has been in Denmark and
other European countries, but think
of the Immense distance our farmers
must traverse intellectually before
they will be ready for such action.
Many are still the dupes of a barren
and destructive individualism which
not only bafflles every effort to en
rich country life, but makes country
business unproductive.
Mr. Edison's new objection to va
cations Is serious. In. these days
when we are all aghast at the pros
pect of getting fat, he solemnly
warns us that vacations are fearful
weight-makers. "They are lazy
things," he sayg cheerlessly, "and
they pile on the fat whether a man
wants It or not." He is just home
from a vacation, eo he knows. It is
a rare Indulgence with the great In
ventor, who likes work better than
play. Happy is the man who has
work that he can like so well.
It seems as though there ought to
be room enough In the circumam
bient air for aeroplanes to fly around
without bumping into one another.
But apparently there is not. Two
machines collided In France last Sun
day with fatal results. The naviga
tion of the air "will oblige men to in
vent a new code of safety signals, but
perhaps nothing of the kind can help
much. Aviators are from the nature
of the case reckless creatureg who
would take pride in disregarding
signals.
British politics has become so
heated that Lloyd George, the Chan
cellor of the Exchequer, is called a
liar in cold type. The "old country may
catch up with us In the severity of
political amenities in time. We passed
the stage where candidates apply the
short and ugly word to each other In
1912 and Impoliteness has become so
wearisome that we have become quite
polite, except when Champ Clark
breaks out or Governor West ex
presses his opinion of somebody.
Blue sky laws are aimed at the
sale of dishonest securities. Those
who have framed them never had a
thought of injuring an upright enterprise.-
The laws are still experi
mental and perhaps they pull up
some wheat with the tares. We are
told on high authority that It is often
difficult not to do so. But the pur
pose of the blue sky laws is worthy.
and if they are annulled in their
present form they will be re-enacted
in some other form not less effective.
North Dakota is establishing coun
ty training schools for teachers in
the hone of getting more and better
education for the people s money,
This is a sensible move. Teachers
ought to be trained for their busi
ness. In these days we are asking
them to make bricks without straw.
They must teach agriculture, domes
tic science, morals and what not, but
directions how to do It all are vague.
Teaching the teachers is a prime edu
cational necessity.
It can scarcely surprise anybody to
read now and then that two or three
women have been run down by mo
torcycles. The marvel Is that dozens
of people are not slain daily by these
furious projectiles. It speaks well
for the alertness of the ordinary foot
man that he can skip and twist out
of the way of the imperial motor
cyclist, who, of course, cannot be
expected to moderate his speed or
alter his course for a mere human
being.
President Wilson makes a fine dis
tinction between attacking the Mexi
can government and attacking the
Mexican people. Theoretically he
might turn the trick, perhaps, but not
in actual practice. However bitterly
the peons may hate Huerta. they will
hate a foreign invader more bitterly.
We fear that his friendly professions
will make no difference.
It will be news to most Western
people that there are forests witnin
the city limits of New York, but there
were recently three forest fires In one
day inside the city and one of them
burned over 100 acres of woodland
on Staten Island. Another evidence
that New York is not far removed
from the backwoods.
Congress, although urged to act
quickly on the President's message,
quickly turned to the subject of ap
pointments. Some or tnem simpiy
can't keep their hands off the pie
counter after the long fast.
That was a great Idea put into ef
fect at Pomeroy to disable a bad man
by shooting formaldehyde through
th kevhole. There are wonders in
science, if one knowa how to apply it.
One killed and the other fatally
wounded in a California duel. The
news would send a shudder through
the duelists of France, where no one
ever gets more than pinked.
Harry. Thaw will not have much
chance to figure on the first page of
the newspapers while Huerta Is to
the front. Competition for promi
nence Is fierce.
Dr. Harvey Wiley's 2-year-old son
is said to be able to read Latin,
but can he read the names of the
chemicals the doctor found in impure
food?
Union was struck by a heavy hail
storm. Similar weather reports from
the' vicinity of Tampico and Vera
Cruz may be expected hourly.
Raising money for war by doubling
the' income tax is a bit of craft that
delights all of us who don't have to
pay the bill.
With war Impending and the base
ball season on, the politician has a
sad time getting anyone to listen to
him.
Many a good citizen will learn
what a. poor physical specimen ho is
on Good Roads day.
Let the bands play "The Star
Spangled Banner" and "Dixie" with
out variations.
Is the housewife buying goods
made In Oregon, and if not, why not?
Hard luck for the Colonel,
down below the equator.
'way
The local Mexican Consul has re
signed. That settles It.
Possibly Huerta begins to suspect
that we are in earnest.
Japanese press comment will
Interesting reading.
Your Uncle Samuel looks good
his war-bonnet.
be
in
Even the ball scores called for only
passing interest.
If you want to go, Just knock at the
Armory door.
Villa
ready.
would better get his alibi
Watch the Rough. Riders,
TOURISTS CARRY THEIR HOUSE
Knicllsk Sightseers LWe liaphaaard But
Happily on Little Mosey.
London Cor. New York Times.
At the Simple Life Exhibition at the
Horticultural Hall one of the most at
tractive exhibits is the traveling cara
van with which two young men have
been touring part of -England. They
are brothers Samuel J. and Fred F.
Foster who hail from Birmingham.
For the past six months they have been
touring the Midlands, dragging their
home with them.
"The Moss," they explain, is so called
because it is the only thing which
sticks to them beyond the experiences
which they have gathered, and which
they hope to publish later in book
form, i "The Moss" is a home-made
home. It is made of canvas and wood,
and has two windows, and Is mounted
on motorcycle wheels. The occupants
have a small library in their van.
"We intend to go round the world in
our van," said Samuel Foster. "From
London we are going to tour the
southern counties and cross to France."
These brothers can earn their own
living on the road.
"So far we have not paid a half
penny to put up our van," added Mr.
Foster, "and we are living much bet
ter on the road in this haphazard way
than we did when earning two pounds
a week in the city.
"We are never ill and never catch
cold. We have gathered enough moss
that is, we have earned enough to
keep ourselves while on the road, by
doing work for farmers."
SATAN'S MARK OX TUB SHAD
Maine Poet Ulves Keln to Ills Disap
pointment Over Edible Fish.
Wilmington (Del.) Journal.
The Delaware bay shad has won in
ternational recognition as one of the
finest of the world's edible fishes. That
there is one spot in Maine in which the
shad is not appreciated as fully as it
deserves to be and where the straw
berry has eclipsed it In at least poetic
favor, is shown by the following, which
appears on the front of a grocery store
owned by a man who seemingly devotes
more time to flirting with the muse
than to lauding his piscatorial wares:
"When the angels made shad.
The devil was mad.
For it seemed such a feast of delight;
So, to ruin the scheme
He Jumped into the stream
And put in the bones out of spite.
When .the strawberries red
First illuminated their bed.
The angels looked down and were glad.
But the devil, 'tis said.
Fairly pounded his head.
For he'd used all the bones in the shad."
Now, we submit, that the fish under
discussion by that poet la Maine waa
not a Delaware Bay shad, and that what
we know as the herring down here
must be known as the shad up there.
SCARES - SPARROW DOESN'T SCARE
English Feathered Immigrants' Like
Musical Amusement.
- Cleveland Plain Dealer.
An ingenious person is Charles A.
Boyd, manager of works and director
of the Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Com
pany. Mechanical and electrical con
trivances without number (and with
out price) adorn and protect his home.
Among which is included an automatic
burglar alarm which, on being improp
erly approached, lights up his entire
back yard.
Now he has built a big bird box, to
be a home for a. swallow family that
boards on his place every Summer. The
swallows are welcome, but the spar
rows butt in so much that he has been
moved to rig up a sparrow alarm for
the swallow people. There la an elec
tric bell that rings whenever an unde
sirable English Immigrant alights on
the connection. The bell Is supposed
to act as a sort of scare-sparrow.
It doesn't work, however. The spar
rows seem to like the bell, and after
experimenting with It awhile they go
out and tell their friends about It- So
many sparrows are flocking to that
back yard for musical amusement this
Spring that there won't be any room
whatever for the swallows.
VINES ENDANGER BIG BUILDING.
Planting of Wistaria at Forestry
Building Held Dangerous.
PORTLAND, April 20. (To the Edi
tor.) Quite recently a paragraph ap
peared in a Portland paper to the ef
fect that "the Forestry building of the
Lewis and Clark Exposition of 1905 was
doomed to total destruction within a
couple of years."
That statement is absurd. I had al
most forgotten the foolish canard until
my attention was called this week to
the fact that some one had recently
planted wistaria vines at the angles of
the building and at the basis of the
outside pillars.
I do not know who has been guilty
of such a vandal act but understand
that the building is at present under
control of the Park Department. It is
therefore up to the many public-spirit
ed citizens of Portland who contrib
uted so generously to the success of
the building to demand the immediate
removal of all such injurious moisture-
breeding material from the building.
and to ask for the severe reprimand
of the party guilty of having them put
there. .' OLD-TIMER.
STARS
AND STRIPES IN ROME
More In Evidence There Than Flag of
Any Other Nationality.
Rome Cor, N. Y. World.
It is a singular fact that the Stars
and Stripes are more in evidence In the
leading thoroughfares of Rome than
the flag of any other nationality. This
was not so a few years ago. and is an
evidence of the developrnent of modern
travel in which America takes the lead
of the world.
Half a dozen of the leading hostelrles
continually fly the American flag dur
ing the busy months of the year, and
two or three American tearooms do
likewise. Some of the more enterpris
ing art dealers and general stores are
now following suit because they find It
pays.
The American visitor is credited with
being the richest of any foreign nation
ality, and the Roman cabby is gradu
ally acquiring a stock of trans-Atlantic
vernacular which is apt to surprise the
visitor.
"Nothln" doln'," "Yes, honest," "Do
you get me?" are among the recent ad
ditions to the street Jehu's stock of
American-English.
Days of Slavery Recalled.
PORTLAND, April 20. (To the Edi
tor.) An article in The Oregonian Sat
urday on "Vardaman and the Negroes"
stirred up memories long since forgot
ten. My girlhood days were spent in
the Southern States. My ancestors
participated in the Civil War, as all
were slave-holders. History has no
parallel to the faith kept by the negro
in the South during the War. Often
500 negroes were owned by a single
white man. and through these colored
throngs the women and children
walked in safety and the unprotected
homes rested in peace.
Although I am a Southerner. I have
reached the stage of life wherein I
Judge men and women by their char
acter and not by the color of their
skin. I could attend and care for
negro children In the same spirit that
I do for white children. Mulattoes
and octoroons and quadroons are not
considered a disgrace or Inferiority in
the South. M. E. OADES.
Definition of m Bore.
Cincinnati Enquirer.
Uabe What is a bore?
Steve A man who doesn't talk to us
about ourselves.
MR. BROWN IS WARMLY INDORSED.
He la' the Right Mam for Attormey-Cien-eraL
Says Admirer.
MARSHFIELD. Or.. April 19. (To
the Editor.) As one deeply Interested
in the mater of law enforcement. I de
sire to call attention to George M.
Brown and his work as a Prosecuting
Attorney.
This Is a day of legal laxity and the
multiplication of laws. It Is unfortun
ate, yet only too true, that there are
altogether too many laws made simply
to please the moral clement, and then
ignored by our officials to please the
immoral element: Mr. Brown has made
an enviable reputation in this part
of Oregon as a law-enforcing official.
for over 18 years he has served our
people as a public prosecutor and with
such notable ability that he is well
nigh universally honored and respect
ed by the law-abiding element of what
ever political faith, as he is universally
feared by the lawless. And It is on
this account that he has been kept in
office all these years.
The people down here have felt as
sured that when their cause was in
the hands of Mr. Brown, they could de
pend upon getting as much and as
speedy Justice as our present legal pro
cedure allows. They know that he plays
no favorites; and that the social stand
ing or financial resources of the
guilty would avail them nothing; for
Mr. Brown deals justly with rich and
poor alike. It has mattered not what the
offense was. whether gambling, boot
legging, arson or murder, the same zeal
for and 'fidelity to the people's inter
ests were manifest. In dealing with
the weak and youthful, he has tried
to temper justice with mercy. It la
this type of public official who heartens
every patriotic and order-loving citi
zen. Mr. Brown ia a candidate for the
nomination for the high office of Attorney-General
at the May primaries,
and as such; he can well afford to make
his 20-year record here as a law en
forcing official his platform. For what
he has done is the surest Indication of
what he will do. During these years
he has exhibited the qualifications
needful In an efficient Attorney-General,
viz character, ability, experience
and courage. His personal character
ia above reproach, his abilities and ef
ficiency as a. Prosecuting Attorney are
second to none. To these important
qualifications he adds 20 years of ac
tive service in this state, and has al
ways shown a courage equal to any
emergency that has arisen. The people
of this state need, and I for one be
lieve they want this sort of a man In
the Important office of Attorney-General.
A man of sterling worth, whose
ability is equal to that of the best, who
is no novice, but a mature man of wide
experience, and who is not failing in
the essential virtue of courage these
qualifications Mr. Brown possesses to
a high degree.
Mr. Brown has a host of friends In
this county who will welcome the op
portunity to support him at the pri
maries in May, and if successful then.
at the general election In November.
These friends most heartily commend
him to the people of this state in the
hope that the friends of law and order
throughout the state will rally to his
support at the primaries May 15, for
it is more than likely that the enemies
of good government will be lined up
in force against him. He is the right
kind of man for the place, and a vote
for him will be a vote for character,
ability, experience and courage in the
next Attorney-General.
ALBERT F. BASSFORD.
CSB HUMANE MUZZLES FOR DOGS
Sheepman Tells ef Effect of Various
Mussllns; Device.
PORTLAND. April 20. (To the Edi
tor.) So much has been e&id and writ
ten of late about a suitable muzzle for
dogs at large In the city that I would
like to relate my experience with such
matters. For several years I was in
the sheep business in one of our West
ern States and owned several sheep
dogs. For some years the wolves and
coyotes were so numerous we were
compelled to scatter poison over half of
the state. This necessitated muzzling
all dogs.
We tried several kinds of muzzles.
but the only one giving anything like
satisfaction was the wire or basket
muzzle and these require lining inside
with leather to prevent the friction of
the muzzle wearing sores on the noee.
The strap muzzle is an instrument of
torture and I wish It were considered
so by all humane societies. A dog sweats
from the tongue and not from the body.
Shut up its mouth with a strap muzzle,
how is it going to sweat freely or be
able to drink during the coming hot
weather?
I well remember an old shepherd
dog that used to come as far as his
chain would allow, carrying his muzzle
In his mouth, knowing full well when
the muzzle was put on he would be
turned loose to run about.
In conclusion let me say the wire
muzzle is the best to my knowledge,
but the nose of the dog muet be pro
tected from friction as suggested above.
JOHN WRIGHT.
TEMPER AFFECTS THE HEART
Acnte Strain on Cardiac Oman May Be
Measured In Tons) Rest Often.
London Chronicle.
To keep your temper is rather a
good Idea." said Dr. Strickland Good
all in a lecture at the Institute of Hy
giene. Every time the heart contracts.
he said, its force would raise a weight
of two pounds to the height of one
foot, and it does this from 70 to 140
times every minute.
Acute heart strain was difficult -to
produce in a young, well nourished
and' healthy adult, but it was very
easy to produce if the heart muscle
was anaemic or poisoned, or was the
seat of degenerative disease.
Running to catch a train increased
the heart's work by 228 foot pounds
a minute. Ascending a staircase slow
ly increased the heart s work by 11
foot poutids; ascending quickly by 15
foot pounds.
The enormous amount of total extra
work done by the heart was shown in
tho experiment of riding a. bicycle up
hill, the gradient of which was one
ten. and the length 2904 feet The ride
occupied three and one-half minutes
and the total extra work done by the
heart was no less than one and one
eighth foot tons.
A rest of half an hour daily would
save in a year 219,000 foot pounds of
work on the heart.
The City of Rosea.
Like a queen on a. throne of roses.
Is Portland, the pride of the West;
With arms outstretched to the nations.
She bids them partake of her best.
To her Rose Feast she's bidding them
welcome;
Prosperity smiles near and far:
Her treasures to industry yielding
With a gladness that nothing can
mar.
Rose fairies come forth with your
magic:
Wave banners of roses on high.
Proclaiming abroad all her riches.
With blossoms against the blue sky,
What so fair as the City of Roses?
She's a queen of the land and the sea
With her ships sailing far o'er the
waters.
Who knows what her future may be
Alice Parker Cassidy, Hubbard, Or.
A Little Financial Moment.
Life.
Howard A tool and his money are
soon parted.
Mrs. Howard (clapping her hands)
Oh. John! How much are you going to
give me(
Twenty-five Years Ago
From The Oregonian of April 21. 1SS9.
Purcell, Ind. Ter., April 20 All day
long the boomers have continued to
roll over the road from the south
towards Oklahoma.
Washing-ton. April 30. The Oregon
delegation has recommended for ap
pointment B. S. .Burroughs as postman
ter at Pendleton. J. H. Penn. of Port
land, who was dismissed from the rail
way mail service, was today restored
and assigned to duty between Corvallis
and Yaquina.
Brussels, April 20. Boulanger has
decided to leave for London. lrnt..i
from the French Ambassador against
the meetings of the Boulanger commtt-
tee caused the Cabinet to warn the
general that he must leave Belgium, or
the government would expel him.
San Francisco. April 20. W. M Ayer,
of Portland, the widely-known horse
man, is in the rlty.
Rev. David Wetzell has been in
charge of the First Christian Church
only about one month, but already a
new church edifice Is projected.
E. T. White, of Damascus, who gave
evidence of such clear grit in his at
tempt to capture the horsethief. is
slowly recovering from the wound In
flicted by that individual.
Jacob Haas, proprietor of the Mer
chants Hotel, yesterday celebrated his
43d birthday.
Mabel Jfnnejs. the beautiful V oi i n
woman who advocated physical culture
for women, will form a class in Port
land providing she can ret ,nno..
pupils.
Last evening C. w Knn-i, r .v,.,
St. Charles Hotel, left for San Kran-
isco.
A. B. McAlDln ha returnoH ,-..,
Northern California with a number of
negatives OI Jlount Shasta.
Ed KelslinC. Iho wnll.l-nniitn
lan. Is now stavinir at rcrant.
He has been seriously ill for a long
ime, out his health is improving.
Like a bombshell came the announce
ment yesterday that the amendment
to the new citv charter niau-a. th
erms of the present Police rnnmi.
sioners perpetual. The charter bill is
alleged to have been doctored in the
Legislature.
The old City View Park Drlvinir As
sociation was re-organized last evening
" r yi uaiiu speea Association. The
tncers elected were: E. S. Rothschild
president: William Frazer. vi-r.i-oi-
dent; C. M. Forbes, treasurer, and S. A
Gunst. secretary.
Half a Century Ago
From The Oregonian of April 21. 1S64.
The Sacramento Union of March 11
says: The Postofflce Department ves-
terday let to Ben Holladay & Co. a
contract for carrying a trl-weekly mail
between Salt Lake and Walla Walla
by the way or Fort Hall, commencing
with July 1 next. The schedule time
Is to bo 10 days from April to Janu
ary, and 14 days during the remainder
of the yeur, but the contractor is con
fident of making the trip in seven
days during the Kreater part of the
jear. j. ne Dids were rive in number.
Holladay's bid was 1156.000 ter annum
Our Oregon neighbors will, by this ar
rangement, find themselves in receipt
of Eastern malls as early as the peo
ple of California, and the California
mails will be greatly relieved by tin:
inversion to Oregon.
Washington. April 7. Refugees from
Richmond report that Lee's army is
being largely augmented, and he is
expected to start on a Spring campaign
wun su.uuu or au.uuo troops.
Newbern. X. C. April 14. According
to the Raleigh Progress, the people of
Western North Carolina recently
hanged several Confederate officers and
soldiers for attempting to enforco con
scription. Washington. April 17. A bill rclat
ng to donating land in Oregon and
California passed the Senate.
New York. April 18. The monev
market is much disturbed today bv
stock panics, and there is no regular
rate of interest. One per cent per day
and even more has been paid.
The new City Council held its second
regular session last evening. Mayor
Henry Failing reported that the net
revenue of the city during the past
year was $22,337.85. and that about
S5000 was in the treasury. He op
posed purchase of steam fire apparatus
as "wholly unsuited to the condition
of our streets." He recommended im
provement of the streets by assessment
on abutting property. C. W. Burragc
was elected City Surveyor. Henry lloyl.
City Collector, and A. Holbrook, City
Attorney. The election for Street Com
missioner was a tie between Nelson
Northrup and Joseph Tucker.
Yesterday was perhaps the busiest
day among the merchants, shippers
and draymen so far this season. In
the vicinity of the lower landing and
on Couch's wharf the hurry, bustle and
din reminded one of larger and older
cities. -The freights to and from the
ocean-bound steamers, incoming cargo
of the three-masted schooner Monitor,
the escaping steam and rattling
trucks of the Senator, the rapid move
ments of freight clerks, consignees and
shippers, all conspired to promote the
general dfn. Three steamers left the
O. S. N. Co.'s wharf for the Cascades
during- the day, and yet the entrance,
was almost blocked up by the multi
tude of wagons ready for transporta
tion up country this morning. Merch
ants wer unusually busy packing
goods for shipment up the Willamette.
The fine steamer N-w World, which
has been running on the Sacramento
route and is one of the fastest on the
Coast, has been purchased by the Ore
gon Steam Navigation Company,
and will probably reach Portland early
in May and will take the place of the
Hunt on the lino to the Cascades.
A good audience was present last
evening at the theater to witness the
panorama. The subjects are the early
scenes in the war from the bombard
ment of Fort Sumter to Burnside's bat
tle at Fredericksburg.
Essence of Remembrance.
London Punch.
First Irate Gentleman When I
its
man. 'e remembers it.
Second Irate Gentleman Well, when
'Its one. 'e don't
The Inte ligent Majority
The progressive dealers of this
city know that fully one-half the
purchases made are made by women.
They know, also, that women are
intelligent buyers.
Fully one-half the advertisements
in The Oregonian are especially ad
dressed to women.
No woman can afford to admit
that she Ik one of the unintelligent
minority by neglecting to read sys
tematically and seriously the adver
tisements In The Oregonian.
The woman serves herself best
who avails herself of the service ef
the advertising columns of The Oregonian.