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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (April 3, 1914)
TUX MORNING OKEGOyiAX, FRIDAY, APRIL, 3. 1914. gtmxm POKTLAND, OREGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon. Postoffiea as ci;ujjB-ciBu matter. - Subscription Kales Invariably In Advance (BY MAIL) ftly. Sunday Included, on year ... Daily, Sunday included, eix months... 4-15 Daily. Sunday included, three months.. 2.25 ally. Sunday included, one month... .73 J Daily, without Sunday, one year 6.00 .t pally, without Sunday, six months.... pally, without Sunday, three months.. 1.70 " DailX- without Sunday, one month..... .00 i Weekly, on year 1.60 ' Sunday, on year 2.60 '. Sunday mod weekly, one year.......... -ou -. (BY CARRIER) Cally. Sunday Included, on year. ... . -9 Dally, Sunday Ineludad. one month. .... .75 4 How to Remit Send pom off ice money or oer, express order or personal check on your local bank, stamps, coin or currency are at f sender's risk. Give poeiottlco address la lull. 5 includlna county and state. 5 Postage Kates la to IS pages, 1 cent; 1b to 42 pages. 2 cants; 34 to 48 pages. 3 cents: , SO to 60 pesos. 4 cents; 62 to 76 pases, a i cents; 78 to l2 pages, 6 cents. Foreign post- ; age. double rates. - Eastern Business Offices Verree & ConK i Un. Jvew vork. Brunswick; building. Chi !: cago. steger building. -."an ranciiM-o Office K. J. Bldwell Co.. ,j 743 Market street. 6tternenr. of the ownership, management, j circulation, etc.. of Morning Oregonian, publiihed daily, except bunday. at Fort . land, Oregon, required by tile act of August 14, 191S: " Publisher. H. I. Pittock. Portland, Or. Editor, Edgar B. Piper. Portland. Or. Busi- tera manager. C. A. Morden, Portland, Or. i Owners. H. L. Pittock. Portland, Or.. alargaret X. Scott. Portland. Or. ; Known bondholders, mortgages and other i security holders, holding 1 per cent or more i of total amount of bonds, mortgages or . other securities. None. Average number of copies of each Issue :. or this Bublicatinii mm h...i,...j - through the malls or otherwise, to paid sub fh 5 du,rlna 1,18 "lx months preceding ... uji, uktcmciiL, ao,v iv. I r T . piTTnrif d,.kiii. Sworn o Ml subscribed before me this L uA.jr vi juercn, lax. Sal) W. B. HARTMTJS, , , , Notary Public. ; (My commission expires May 25, ii.) roKixAjsD. nuoai, Aran, s. 191. A CAXIf TO fUBUC DTJir. The stato is confronted by an emergency requiring the services of first-class men in the State Legisla ture. In the easy political conditions ', n f ihn nju t Vi a i . . . . t - .w.. . . j L LlLAliHL . and safe legislation and the necessity moo.era.te appropriations were per- haps not so apparent as they now are. . T1 li .1.1. - .J . 1 . , .. auu mo vuiiuus municipali ties have undertaken many public en terprises, some wise, some perhaps unwise, but all expensive. The public expenditure have been pitched on a ; i"6ii ntdie dii along tne line. " T t. ; . - . . ... 1a nine m retrencn ana ins only - - ' oMcin.u ia lu reirencn. ji . ,7 - "nmnik uic uiaie s mws , and controlling the state's appropria tion. IV. . ... j nulla mo enunnous ioaa or taxation ; under which the public is struggling : have at Salem legislators without ex- Derience. or haJanr.s. or f-lf-nl . or unyielding devotion to the public , ..v.. ....UK. 411 tllC I3tl 1 1 1 old ruck of nublie la.w-mn Irin In loose ways and public administration without real efficiency or proper econ omy. The only system of sound govern ment Is government by sound men. V Ivo state can rise above th levoi if the men who direct it. If the people are indifferent to the quality of can didates the result is too frequently public officials of poor ability or no ability and sometimes of little integ rity. The only way to achieve public service of worth and character Is through a lively public consciousness of the responsibility of the people to put forward good men for official place. The 120 citizens who have signed the call upon twelve useful and important citizens to stand for the lower house of the Legislature have well per formed a high duty. They have seen the need of strengthening the weaker leg in the State Legislature. They have observed that In the scramble of many candidates from" Multnomah County, the delegations in past Legis latures have not as a whole repre eented their constituents capably or satisfactorily. The subscribers have asked a certain twelve men to be come candidates, after careful con sideration of their merits and their respective records; and they are con fident that if they respond favorably they will be elected and county and state will be the better off for their work at Salem. The twelve men thus designated ought to become candidates. There is need for them at Salem. There is need, too, for the example they will set through such service of public duty performed for its own sake. MEXICO'S HOPE OF REGENERATION. Whenever Mexico is again at peace under a government capable of ad justing its affairs, it will have a pretty bill to pay for destroyed prop erty of foreigners. Foreign invest ments in the republic are estimated as high as $5,000,000,000, those of Americans being about one-fifth of thig total. Some investments have been entirely destroyed, while the in come from others has been suspended for an indefinite period. The longer civil war continues the greater will be the indemnity demanded by for eign powers for their citizens and the less will be the ability of the Mexi can people to pay. Yet the more im perative will be the demand for res titution. Foreign financial control of Mexico is brought nearer every day that the civil -war continues, and the necessity of American intercession in order to preserve to the country a semblance of actual independence grows great er. If diplomatic intercession fails, intervention will become unavoidable in order to maintain the principle involved in the Monroe Doctrine. One policy may put Mexico on its feet financially, enable it in time to pay all claims growing out of the revolution and Insure orderly govern ment. That Is, to give the mass of the people a stake In the country. Under Diaa the ruling class practical ly sold the resources of the countrj- to foreigners. The land has become con centrated in a few hands. The mass of the people work for the foreigners or the landholders in a condition only one step above slavery. They have no hope of bettering their condition and therefore no Interest in stable gov ernment. A revolution, which re lieves them from labor, is hailed as n emancipation, for it gives them opportunity to prey upon their op pressors. Mexico may win her financial emancipation and may become pros perous if the peons become owners of the land they cultivate and are edu cated to make the most of their op portunity and to exercise the fra chlse intelligently. They would then ua.ve an interest m suppressing revo lution and In maintaining orderly government. The wealth of France is derived from lta host of peasant proprietors and they are the bulwark of Internal peace. They enable the republic to pay off the huge German Indemnity and to free Its soil from foreign soldiers. Peasant proprietor ship may do the same thing for Mex lco and enable it to Day off all for elgn claims and to emerge from Its troubles strong, peaceful and prosper ous. If Mexico Is to do this for herself, a strong, enlightened man must ap pear and must be accepted as the ruler. Falling such a man, Mexico's regeneration may become a task for the United States. ALL RIGHT PART OF THE TIME. Senator Lane is inclined to vote for repeal of free tolls. We thought so He is a Democrat, and Just now the Democracy is trembling on its knees before Great Britain and all the other powers, which Insist that the Panama Canal was built for them, and are go ing to make the Democratic party turn it over to them. Besides, Senator Lane has all his life lived in an atmosphere that poi soned him with the virus of opposi tion to the practical demands of bus! ness and industry. What does he care for the material interests of Oregon? What did he ever care? Oregon will pay dearly for its blunder in sending mm to the Senate. Just now Senator Chamberlain Is wildly proclaiming his independence. Oh. the bold Chamberlain. It is a sad thing to require Chamberlain to break with his party. But something must be done to get him re-elected. After next November, he will be safe back on the Democratic reservation if he shall be re-elected and the de mand on him to repudiate party will fall on deaf ears. The raging lion will again become the' docile lamb of party servility and caucus rule. Yet no doubt the people of Oregon ought to be grateful that they have at Washington one Senator who is all right one year in six, or at least part or one year. OCR PROGRESSING HIGH SCHOOLS. It is pleasant to learn from Super intendent Churchill that 1470 pupils will graduate this Spring from the public high schools of the state. This Indicates a great advance in second ary education in the last few years, Persons who have kept track of the development of our schools can read ily recall a time' when there were but one or two genuine high schools out side of Portland. Now there Is one In every village. It has become al most a disgrace to a town to be with out a full four years of secondary ed ucation. We notice that the largest gradu ating classes are to be found in the towns where there are colleges. Eu gene naturally leads off, with 106 pu pils. But Corvallis, Albany, New berg and other college communities stand extremely well. Eugene's pre eminence is due, of course, to the stimulus of the State University which looks to the secondary schools for its annual supply of matriculates. The university has become more in timately allied with the state system of schools of late years and this is good both for the schools and for the university. Still tha time has come when our high schools must guard their Indi viduality. The influence of the "higher education" is. powerful upon them and may become perilous. The public high schools are not .designed primarily to prepare boys and girls for college, but to educate them for life. Those who go to college are but a small proportion of the whole and their wants must not be allowed to figure too largely. The movement to introduce "practical studies" into the high schools is commendable from every point of view. Too much Latin and algebra make the courses Jejune and tasteless, especially for energetic boys. Mr. Churchill predicts that the pro portion of boys graduating will in crease after this year. It will if the courses are adapted to their needs. Otherwise they will continue to shun the high schools as they have in the past. The introduction of practical studies will enable the high schools to fit pupils for the Agricultural Col lege, a duty which they now perform rather slightingly. For this reason the "college is obliged to do a great deal of its own preparation and is thus to a certain degree hampered. AMEUORATION NOT A CTJRK. A copy of the new Ohio law safe guarding the initiative and' referen dum has been sent in by Mr. TTRen to show where The Oregonian was mis taken in the incidental statement that Ohio now forbids the payment of pe tition circulators. It is true that the new act, which was passed in Febru ary at a special session of the Legis lature, does not forbid paid petition ing. The Oregonlan's understanding that it did was obtained from a news story which contained, without expla nation, the statement that Ohio had penalized "making money the basis of getting signatures." The act prohib its the payment of anything of valuft to an elector to induce him to sign a petition, but does not prohibit pay ment of the solicitor. Some of the abuses of petitioning that Oregon is coping with which now are penalized by Ohio are as fol lows: Willful misrepresentation of the contents of a petition. Promise of help to obtain appoint ment to political office for obtaining or preventing signatures. Sale, purchase, theft, attempted theft or willful destruction or mutila tion of a petition in circulation or that has been circulated. Ohio also requires the circulator of an initiative or referendum petition, or his agent, to file within twenty days after the petition is filed a sworn itemized statement showing, among other things, the amount of money paid circulators, the full names and addresses of all who contributed any thing of value to be used In circulat ing the petition, and the time spent and salaries earned while soliciting signatures by persons who were regu lar salaried employes of some person who authorized them to solicit as a part of their regular duties. The provisions against misrepre sentation and theft or purchase of pe titions are wise under any circum stances, but the others are mere ameliorations of what is In itself a pernicious practice. So Ion as the submission of laws or amendments and the holdup of legislative acta are purchasable with money, so long will there be abuses of the- direct legis lative power. The fact that one man with $6 00 he is willing to spend for petition circulating to gain a point may prevent the . operation for two years of an act of the Legislature ought to be repugnant to good citi zens in its mere recital. The short and only logical course is to abolish the paid circulator. Any system that permits his- activity to continue is a poor substitute for sane and orderly government. A NEW CHIEF OF 8TAFF. Major-General Wotherspoon, newly-designated Chief of Staff of the United States Army, is an unusual type for the post to which he has been named. He is a studious, mod est, retiring man of the kind that does the heavy brain work for the tacticians and field armies. In event of war he is not the man whose greatest value would be at the head of a division. Rather it would be as an office strategist. nuiiinir h. strings in the great game of life and ueatn from the caDltaL His n- pcintment is largely in the nature of a recognition of long and valuable services as president of the War Col lege. It also upholds the precedent of naming the Assistant Chief of Staff as successor to the retiring chief. uenerai wotherspoon, having only a few months to serve before his re tirement from active service herii of age. will not be able to impress his personality upon the Army or work OUt his ideas. It is nrnhshU that v will follow closely in the footsteps of Major-General Wood, who steps own automatically after Yiix innr nt duty as Chief of Staff and returns tr command of troops. Hence the actual successor to General Wood will be Brigadier-General tt-, t. Scott, who is named as assistant to General W'othersDoon- General sntr too, is a. student as well as a soldier. ne servea for several vpan mo Prui. dent of the Militaxv Ai-nri proved his eanaritv whlla hsmin,r me troops on tne -Mexican border dur ng exciting times. That General Scott will h in full sympathy with the nrocrressiva Wnnrt poucy is taken from the fact that ocott was woods Adjutant-General in Cuba and the two have long been close friends. THIS CBITICAJL POINT IN IABM1NU. The American commission which visited Europe a few months ago to orserve agricultural conditions is sf.ld by some authorities to have been larger than the circumstances re quired. Had the members been fewer tnetr work would have been more valuable. Still the commission ac complished something and its report cpntains a variety of useful informa tion. We are told, for instance, that agriculture as an occupation is more nighly esteemed in Europe than in America. In this country the farmer Is much lauded at election time. In that momentous crisis no compli ments are foo fulsome for him. But at other times he is a "hayseed" and neither his Intelligence nor his social station is much envied bv oitv aweiiers. The commission ascribes this un fortunate state or afTalrs in part to the primitive condition of agriculture in the United States and in part to the superior attractions of city life. If we can ever apply the scientific principles of agriculture to our farm ing operations and if we can ever make the cultivation of the land as profitable as ordinary city business we may hope for a higher estimation of rural life. To bring about this happy change it is more than likely that we must adopt the same' expedients that have proved useful in Europe. A writer in the Yale Review for April tells what some of these expedients are. For one thing it must be made easier for the farmer to obtain the money he needs both to buy land and to im prove the land he already had. In Europe, through the operatic,-, of the rural co-operative banks, it la possi ble for farmers to obtain monev at per cent and sometimes' even less. It is loaned tov them on long time, if they desire, and principal and Inter est are paid concurrently in small sums, so that when the period of the loan ends the whole debt has been cleared off. This makes it a time of rejoicing instead of sorrow when the mortgage falls due, for the excellent reason that there is no longer any mortgage. The bestrate of interest an American farmer can secure is 8 per cent, as a rule, and in addition to this he has to pay exorbitant feeB for anamination of title, with other exactions which make the loan too burdensome for profit. it is tnrougn co-operation that the European farmers in Germany, France, Italy and Denmark have se cured for themselves these admirable credit facilities. The writer in the Yale Review ascribes to co-operation almost all the advances agriculture has made in Europe in the last fifty ears. It has transformed Denmark, for example, from a poor, barren country into one of the most prosper ous in the world. In Italy the farm ers and workingmen have applied co operation more extensively than any where else, it would appear. They have instituted co-operative railroad building, co-operative Irrigation en gineering and so on, to say nothing of a plan which they have developed of renting great areas of land which they cultivate In common. Under this treatment Italian agriculture has experienced the happiest effects. Everybody knows what co-operation fostered by the government has done for Ireland. The question naturally arises whether anything of the same kind can be accomplished in the United States. Certainly we need co-operation here as seriously as they do any where and our need is growing. The pressure of hard times is causing the farmers to reflect upon the subject more earnestly than they have ever done before and it stands to reason that some good -must flow from their thoughts. What our farmers most need is co-operative marketing. The problems of production are solved reasonably well for themby the agri cultural colleges and they have only to apply the knowledge which is thus available. But marketing Is another and more difficult problem. Here the j individual farmer too often stands alone and in his isolation he is piti ably helpless. Good salesmanship Is one of the rarest things in the world. Business men pay formidable prices for it. Yet every farmer is expected to be an accomplished salesman and if he fails in this hard requirement his business goes to wreck. Here is the critical point in American farming. Agri cultural producers must learn to co operate In seeking markets before they can ever hope for the prosperity they deserve. This question is far more Important for them than fairs or pageants. Eastern railroads are cutting ex penses by reducing train service and are thus Increasing the number of un employed. They plead hard neces sity, though their traffic must surely suffer. If they were permitted to raise freight rates, they could buy material for Improvements and could make improvements. Thus they would decrease the number of unemployed by giving work to the mills and by hiring more men themselves. This would create move traffic, which would employ more trainmen, . who would buy more goods and thus cre ate more trade for the factories and more traffic for the railroads. Rail roads are links in an endless indus trial chain - and by weakening them wo weaken the whole chain. Poverty of railroads spreads to every other link. As we supposed, there is a fringe or white slavery Intrigue around Jessie Wood's adventure. She disap peared strangely the other day at Ridgefield Park, N. J and now re turns home with a story of abduction Her tale is not entirely credible. Per haps her mind was more unbalanced by the written examination specter than her friends imagine. This shape of terror Is accountable for lncalcu able misery and does no good what ever. Sensible people can only hope with Ellen Key to see it "obliterated from the face of the earth." Dr. White, of tho State Board, of Health, publishes some data, regard ing cancer which move one to re flection. It appears that this terrible disease is more prevalent in some counties than in others. Why should this be so? Has the water anything to do with it? Has the soil? Why should Marion County have more can cer than Linn? Dr. Howard Kelly is convinced that cancer is not a germ disease but is a sort of anarchy among the bodily cells. Has the air of some counties an anarchistic tang? The people of Molalla and there abouts are to be commended for their wisdom in school affairs. The union school which they plan to build will accommorate fourteen districts and, of course, supply far better education than Isolated schools can give. By uniting in this way country people can provide their children with schooling equal to the best in the cities. Teachers, apparatus, furniture are all of the best and the expense.! of the co-operating districts are ac tually reduced. The desperation which Edwin Booth expressed in a letter to Adam Badeau soon after hia brother assas sinated Lincoln was not simulated. His grief and shame were such that he could not face the public for some time and it was many years before he could be. persuaded to act again in Washington or Baltimore. The Ba deau letter has just been sold for a price which shows that Edwin Booth's fame is not ephemeral. He has a secure place in American, his tory. Governor Glynn, of New York, pro poses that the state pave its highways with brick. He reasons that " the short life and high cost of maintain ing macadam roads will soon raise the annual maintenance cost to $10.- 000,000 'and that the state will be paying off road bonds for forty years after .the roads are worn out. On the other hand, he says, the brick can be made cheaply by convicts. His is certainly a strong argument against long-term road bonds. An apology has been demanded by the Women Writers' Suffrage League for the discourtesy shown at Ellis Is land to Mrs. Flora Annie Steele, the novelist. Seeing that the lady can take revenge by pillorying the blun dering inspector in her next novel and that he must tremble at the pros pect, she will have full satisfaction without an apology. Then consider the free advertising she has had. John B. Coffey, who has filed for nomination as Republican candidate for County Clerk, is so far tho only one to seek that position. It Is well that it is so. Mr. Coffey has made a good Clerk and has held office but one term. He Is entitled to nomina tion and re-election because of his competent and courteous service. When a Monmouth professor cau tioned his pupils to be original in their April fool Jokes they walked out and didn't return until 4 P. M. He should be grateful at having es caped with a whole hide. A new sit-up-straight movement has been launched. As we note these several movements it is with surprise that the human race has survived thus far in the face of so much care lessness. The speed limit of ten miles per hour at Oregon City is to be revised as too slow. Doubtless some of the city fathers killed their engines try ing to hold down to that snail's pace. Luis Terr az as, having escaped from Villa, who was holding him for ran som, the proud Terrazas will be able to quit wailing of their poverty and go to flaunting their millions again. Maine has sent President Wilson a big salmon. It is about time, by the way, that Great Britain was doing something handsome for our Presi dent. Yon Llnd will come home for a brief rest. Taming the Mexicans by conversational methods is assuredly an arduous task. No doubt Hi Gill's case continues to afford inspiration to a number of retired politicians who would like to 'come back." Torreon remains unt&ken. But then Villa may reach the Federal commander's price at any hour, you know. The suggestion that the schools be closed for the opening game Is carry, ing the matter of baseball a little too far. The brewery that sold Its real prod uct as an Imitation did not fool any body. The only flies in evidence thus far are of the baseball variety. The Oregon sheep is doffing his Winter raiment. ' Coxey and hard times run in the same cycle. B.tfK.TO-THE-LAXD QVESTIO.NS City Mia With Desire to Firm Doubt ful as to Wisdom of C'haagr. PORTLAND. April S. (To the Ed itor.) The following statement and questions are made in dead earnest, and I would appreciate an equally earnest reply. The writer Is 43 years old. Has a permanent Job that pays J1S00 a year, with the certainty of keeping same, barring physical accidents. for 20 years to come. Has a wife and two boys, and IS years. I was raised In the country and am more at horns In outdoor work than at anything else. Have wanted for years to go back to a farm, as does my wife, but conditions have prevented. iw' " PP"tunlty has arisen to exchange our city property for a part ly Improved farm some distance off a railroad now. but In a locality that eventually la bound to have a railroad through It. It will take me a conn I of v.nr, i. Provide stock and machinery to oper- " - " " 1 i urn u i starting oil in debt. Question: Has experience shown that a man of 45 can make good on snch a farm, after 30 years of Indoor work? This farm will be operated to produce eggs, milk and cheese, hogs and pota toes, but until tho railroad comes produce must be hauled 15 miles. It la west of Portland. I have probably reached my limit of in present position, but can keep tne place. I want my boys to have a cuuciugn, out largely upon agri - . - ' - ii ic:tti unes. i can do my own carpenter, blacksmith and iwi wors,. i nave reaa much about "back to the farm." Ellaabeth on her Oregon larm always sounded well, but I al ways believed that she had some source of income besides her ranch. If I cut loose. I cannot look for a dollar on the outside, hence must equip the place before I stop work In the city My wtfe and myself have no fears of vui.me. nut to take our boys away from the city schools to a coun try district does not seem right. We read largely and have many books and enjoy life intellectually. Please advise us In the spirit this Is asked- RAILROADER. The Oregonian believes that the future course of this correspondent should be decided by himself, or with the counsel and advice of Individual friends who may be "farm wise." The correspondent might have every unde veloped essential to make a success In farming, yet win or fall according to whether the character, nearness to market, state of development and other qualities of the farm he settles upon meet his individual requirements. The Oregonian, does not bellove that the age of 43 is a material handicap to one who gives up an office position for farming, provided he has a love for farm work and Is possessed of health and strength. Kor young children the lesser school advantages of the coun try are made up In other benefits ac cruing to growing youth in the coun try. If industrious and ambitious they will find their way to the larger seats of learning when old enough.. But temperament of each member of the family and numerous particulars as to the future farm home ar .it Orations that make the case of each man wnn a longing for the land an individual one. VRKK TOLLS AID TO SHIPOWNERS. Writer Sees No Other Benefit In He. . palliated Democratic Policy. THOMAS. ., i Eoitor.) In charity, love and friend ship services are rendered free in I!h 18w,h?wever' they are Paid '" and rightfully Bo. When thin Viiin. . .. . H, r, uuucityuil lO DtlllU the Panama canal the most stupendous work of modern times, there was no Question but thnt . - - linssiug tnrougn should pay toll for this great privilege nr.iC.i " canas was being nnished. snm wao- i . . . . , . 9 - cmea ino slogan, th r Amerlcan ships." and -"oi in a. irai moment of ab- n. t0 ' up and Passed a law embodying this slogan in an official JVr wir,hUS ' Congress quite In !L..Vth anotile'- ct. the "lieu land it .Cby WJ?ich. the peonle robbed of thousands of tracts of valuable land borne day a concession to run the' Alaska government .-. 1 1 . -i .. . .. 1 .. - -... -j.'i iree win ZiVJl W wh a hir- hiP- hurrah, to wuncn or waH. who then Will K-raw h r i n. . . . imt- me manu- full dinner pall." and as the shipowners Sd ee.!rs ""Pnlea expect to un- ni men games. " ea"w h,le ,h Paupers, unemployed nnl, b08i11 frlhtfully increase In enw ert"' b"au" they neglected o enter tha rra 8-rab: thev .nr.t w.. . . m :hu n.., C 15 "'o or a miser- " home8ted or timber tract :. 1 - ciaim without pay ing a fee. com iun ..m . ' tn."",?" ?L"ny oth" th'n om men- government. of th. rnm.T"nd that on,3r a faction of the millions spent outside the boundaries of these United States. In Cuba, the Philippines, the Panama Fi? ,.",hOUld b "et a8,d fr the bene! fit of the paupers of this rich country undoubtedly would be Mc,Trt irttt amazement and derision, and likely be answered with heavy clubs and brick bm.;.8WU,nB. around e dull heads of these unfortunate poor. Shipowners who want free passage from coast to coast are perfectly Vt liberty to avail themselves of the Len ocean around the Horn, but I they Jn'Vn .tbK 'Ple to "rt themselves their Lrhlne.hatH and lnt"e"t a"d work their ships through the very costlv passage of the Panama Canal, they should not only be really willing but even delighted to pay for It. For it means more than double the carrying capacity of their ships, and less outlay for wages, fuel and other expenses N. J. STEIGLEDER If the correspondent will refresh his memory he may recall that while manufacturers were growing big and fat tinder the slogan of "a full dinner pail, ' every workman who wanted a Job had it a condition that does not now exist. The shipowners will not grow big and fat, tolls or no tolls, unless there la a big amount of freight carried. A great traffic s merely a result of prosperity. Free tolls means that we shall either get more for what we produce or pay less for what we consume, and therefore be more pros perous. The shipowners will not be able to pocket the toll saving, for the ocean Itself Is a free waterway, and competition of many lines and of tramp steamers will cut rates to a basis no more than fair to the ship owners. Trust-owned and railroad owned ships are forbidden the canal. Tho people, not the shipowners, are bound to get the benefit of free tolls, and the shipowners will prosper only because the people are prospering. Orlarta of Hobeen'a Choice. Indianapolis News. Many curious stories of the origin of popular phrases are given in "Everyday Phrases Explained" (Pearson). It is related that "Hobson's choice" arose from the fact that Hobson. a noted carrier In Cambridge, would only let out his horses and coaches for hire in rotation, refusing to allow his eua tomers to choose, a customer being compelled te take the horse nearest the door. Thus It became customary, when anything was forced, on one, to say I "Hobson's choice. PENSIONS FOR INDIAN FIGHTERS Prospects of Kecoaaltion of Veterans of Later Wars Tkoutkt Good. ALBANY. Or, April 1 (To the Ed itor.) I have received a letter from Captain O. C. Applesate, Klamath Falls, a veteran of the Modoc War, 1872-73, in which he requests me to write a let ter directing attention to pending leg islation in Congress granting a pension of 120 per month to the veterans of In dian wars later than those now the basis of pensions. I particularly men tion H. R. 11512. Introduced In the House January 13. 1914. by Hon. "W. C. Hawley. of Oregon, which also would grant pensions to the widows of above veterans, same as now given to wid ows of Civil War and Indian war vet erans' widows. The matter Is now at a critical stage, and it is desired that as many as pos sible, not only the veterans directly In terested, but those now receiving pen sions, shall write to members of Con gress. Representatives and Senators, in cluding Congressman Ham-ley. urging favorable action. No doubt many vet erans will not learn of this leKiMation in their behalf until they see it In The Oregonian or other papers which may copy from the former. Besides Congressman Hawleys bill there are several other bills of like im port, one by Hon. Joseph R. Knowland. of California; one by Hon. Edward Tay lor, of Colorado, and a bill in the Seir- ' uy cenator r-enrose. One feature in Congressman Hawley's bill that seems to make it more to be preferred la that it grants pensions to those who served but 30 days. The other bills call for 0 days. 1 cite an instance in the Rogue River war' of 1863, where Captain Lindsey Applegate, of Umpqua Valley, raisod company of volunteers. The men were enlisted Au gust 22. 1S53. and discharged September 7. 185S. serving less than 30 days. No doubt there are many like Instances In other Indian wars, even those of later years, where threatened danger of maa. aacre by Indians brought out patriotic men to take the field, but. the danger soon passing, they returned to their homes or elsewhere. In the above-mentioned instance the prospect of what Is known as General Joseph Lane's sc'ccwid treaty, accom plished September lo. 1S53. evidently prompted the Ijcharte of, the volun teers, as stated above. That peace was only for a time, for on Mav -7. 1S5S. was commenced the last pitched battle of the Ro,-ue River War. ending In the surrender of these Indiana June 1. 1S, and their removal as tribes to the Siletx and Grand Rondo reservations. Thus have ended nearly all. if not all. our later Indian wars, but the veteran sol diers and volunteers were scattered to the -four winds of heaven." and more particularly those we are now seek ing to help with pensions. Captain Applegate and myself have been in correspondence over a year, and I Invited him to be present at our Grand Camp, Indian War Veterans North Pacific Coast. In Portland. June 18. 1913. and present his claims for self 1 ---"-..-. uui n was not so he could be there, so I formulated a reso lution that was gladly and quickly passed favoring pensions for the vet eruns of later Indian wars, particularly namlnfr lh Un.. .. . ,o-n . .. ... v. a o i - i .. , iei Perce war. 1877; Bannock war. 1S7879. -u..ft,.s.-,,ii.a nawiey made a masterly argument before a inWnmmittu the House camniiiiA. i March 7. 1914. He took the liberty to mention the names before the commit tee of Cantaln o r AnniA... . .L Modoc war and myself as grand com- ii ... ""an war veterans. North Pacific Coast. With the pamphlet of proceedinc-s nn T-rn,n,i ... . , . - ' twiuft UO 11Q Dy let- ter asked all the data, etc.. possible to support his ccntentions. In answering him I tofti him It should be distinctly understood that I could . - uiiK.nu,, out only ror the vet erans Of Our C-ranrt ....... rr-1 . ... had no selfish Interest in the matter." I am a Civil stoned as such, but knowing the hard- 7- L.1 L , I or BavS warfare I gladly helped secure pensions for the VeJr.tran" of later lnd'an wars. The members of the sub-committee above mentioned are Edward Keating n.rmwn! vHarry Dr1 and Sam & Sells, ashlngton. D. C. It might be tint r-.t.VeKerarS kno-'"- of fmpor! wrnitteft,oCtt,hem'r,nS " th'S ma" nrLerf.n8 deslrins7 to be enrolled for prospective pensions would do well to send In their names to ColoneC r! San" War vet"y .f the N'aT Int f-DZr. ete.ran' Association, 2721 Gilpin street. Denver. Colo tertnn,eh.H,1UKer '6nt ,n a telling let-tfn- ?, "Uh-commlttee and is put- of W. LZrmfSDi?Cnt flht in baJf of his comrades, determined to win CYRUS H. WALKER! Grand Commander. EFFORT NEEDS IIELP OF OTHERS. Well-Wlshera of Children I ..I 'ropeny Locate School. PORTLAND, litrll .w- , . - - - - iw ino r.ui- tor.) I noticed an article in The Ore gonian signed by lira. J. p. Kelly president of the Shattuck Parent Teacher Association regarding the loca tion of the new Shattuck school build ing. Mr ICellv . - ... . . "lien in u ti i n a past h if mSt Iai,hfuUy on this matter ' uiiMinieaiy or nor time and. effort. While Mrs. Kelly has not asked outside aid it seems to the writer that this Is a matter that should In terest not only all of the Parent Teacher Associations throughout the city, but it should enlist t'ie active co operation of all who are concerned for the welfare of children. At a recent dinner given by the elfare Workers of this city. Professor Ogburn. of Reed College, enunciated a startling" doctrine of 'higher humani tarianism. 1. e.. that it is better to allow those "unfit" whom we are seek ing to save by eight-hour laws and sanitary working conditions, etc, to be killed off. An astonishing number of people. It seems, are Inoculated with this doctrine, wholly unconscious that it Is the state of mind that belongs to that period of time Immediately preceedlng the I-rench revolution, and not to our own time and country. These people, it seems, are In favor of putting our schoolhouses In a district hemmed In by car tracks or overshadowed by towering hills. subscribing to that doctrine that the children of the "unat" would better be killed. Mrs. Kelly has shown herself to be V7J y de"-atlc, courageous and wise. All who have the welfare of the chil dren at heart should come to her aid and uphold her hands in her effort to secure a safe and suitable location for the new Shattack school building C WINTERS-ROSS.- Counties la Congressional Districts. PORTLAND. April l.fTo the Edi tor.) Please state the counties em braced in the three Congressional Dis tricts of the State of Oregon. VOTER. First District Benton. Clackamas. Clatsop, Columbia, Coos, ' Curry) Douglas, Jackson, Josephine, Lane! Lincoln, Linn, Marlon, Polk. Tillamook, Washington and YamhllL Second District Baker, Crook. Gil liam, Grant, Harney, Hood River, Klamath, Lake, Malheur, Morrow, SherJ man. Umatilla, Union. Wallowa. w- and Wheeler. Third District Multnomah. TralmlBsr an Abstainer. Indianapolis News. A doctor In Philadelphia recently stated that no on who eats a pound of macaroni daily will ever become a drunkard, but he also stipulated that the would-be teetotaler should live en tirely on a vegetarian diet, and never touch meat la arty circumstances. Twenty-five Ymu-s Ago From The Oregonian of April , 1889. London. April s a letter from Henry M. Stanley describes his expedi tion lor the relief of Emln Pasha. Salem. April r. Dr. II. J. Minthorn returned today from Warm Springs, where he has been allotting land to the Indians. Olympla, April I. Governor Semple has appointed J. W. Robinson a mem ber of the code commission, vice Wtrk ersham. The board of immigration held its first annual meeting at its rooms. 10 Ash street, yesterday. There were present Messrs. Dodd. Hughes. Wad dell and Wood. The owners of the Creighton tract. Piedmont, and the lands lying be tween are making arrangements to continue Alns worth avenue from where it will connect with " the Vancouver road to the Sunderland road. 80 feet wide and two miles long. A farewell reception was tendered Rev. I. D. Driver and his wife Monday night. In the Centenary M. E. Church. Mrs. D. R. Young presented Mrs. Driver with a. large and comfortable arm rocking chair. Then C W. Beers, secretary of the Portland Y. M. C A., presented Mr. Driver with a finely finished gold-headed cane and W. H. Moore, on behalf of Mrs. Moore, pre sented a gold eyeglass chain. Otto KJeemacn has completed plans for a fine residence for B. F. Bowman to be erected on O. and Twelfth streets East Portland. The Oaks Baseball Club has been or ganised, with W. E. Parrott. manager: W. J. Partlow, secretary; Henry Ell ger. treasurer. J. W. Whalley has retired from the Arm of Whalley, Bronaugh & Northup. The Oregon Bicycle Club met last evening and elected the following di rectors: Dr. C. C Newcastle. R. Mar tin. Jr, E. J. Partridge. Dr. B. E. Mil ler. George Breck. Lawrence if. Kunnn and G. Whittaker. The firt ,,,!,.!... .i ---- ..... cci.uwu ueiu. in St. Helens resulted as follows: Presi dent flf I I. rnii..ll T . . I . . . ... - u - r . . .Moore . I ouncilmen. James Mucklc. Jr. S. A. jiues, it. loi ana A. II. Blukesley: Re corder T. A Wot... VI...1..1 i , . Miles; Treasurer. 11. 'p. Watklns.-" Mrs. Ann J. While, for nearly tan years a teacher at. tho Harrison School, is visiting ner mother and sister al Holbrook. Mass.. and will sail for Eu rope .Aiay l. Nathan Walker, who was engaged in the hat business In Portland for a number of years, died at his farm on the Cornell road Monday. He was in his th year. In a. runaway accident yesterday Mrs Annie Britt, wife of Adolph Brill, of Vancouver. was thrown from her buggy and seriously injured. Plans for a big bell at Warrior's Rock, on the Columbia, near St. Hel ens, have been prepared at the office of Major T. IL Handbury. U. S. Engi neer. SUNDAY FEATURES As to Homely 'Women. They are not so gTeatly han fJicnpped as miirht appear at first thought. In short, the homely woman, who is really clever, has nothing to fear from her pretty rival. Men are not marrying: for mere good looks these days not the men that eount, anyway, says Blanche Bates in an absorbing special article on women. Future Man. That he will not be exactly like he is today is penerally ad mitted, but just what he will evolve into is a subject that a .number of noted thinkers treat in a most interesting manner. Our Monroe Doctrine. Another chapter in Theodore Roosevelt's discussion of vital topics in his own story of his lite. The Heal Japanese. A study of the gentle Nip ponese as they really are is pre sented by a Portland traveler and writer, who has had an op portunity for keen observation of our mucb-d'iscnste.d Oriental neighbors. A full page, in colors. Women Convert a King. Xow the Spanish monarch has joined the feminist move ment and is a most ardent sup porter of rights for women. Tho story of his conversion is en tertainirply told in a letter from a M;vdrid correspondent of The Oregonian. Sportdom. . Baseball right np to tho min ute, w-ith a number of articles by experts giving the latest in side dope on tho game. Lucky White House Brides. It is worth at least $50,000 to be a White Ilouse bride. An account of the lavish presents sent by potentates and govern ments. System in the Home. A valuable article for the housewife on the experiences of one systematic woman who has installed a filing cabinet and keeps everything listed. Character Pen Pointers.. More than 100 specimens of handwriting are analyzed by Edith Macpmber HalL The Despised Salt Weed. It is to be despised no longer, for it has been discovered that this nbiquitous pest can be con verted into fine sheep with no cost and little trouble. The Children's Page. The best children's page yet, with a number of striking illus trated features for the little ones. An Immense Volume of Other Peatures. Order early of your newsdealer.