THE MOUNTS G OREGOKTIANV WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1913.
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rOJaTLaJTD, WKDXE8DAT. DEC. ti, ltiy
aaMrxsaa
exajtccfatiox or ckkdit.
TIm currency bill which was made
law by the signature of President Wil
son Is the second great achievement of
the present Administration. It Is so
great aa Improvement on the banking"
system under which the Nation has
done- business for fifty years and
which has caused periodical panics
that its severest critics agree that it will
confer a boon on business. It is the
-redemption of the President's promise
to emancipate credit from the control
of a few and to place credit at the
disposal of the many. It is the sec
ond number on his programme for the
emancipation of business, the first
having been the tariff bill. The next
Iitji bill or a group of bills for restora
tion of competition by breaking up
monopolies. Then another blow la to
he struck at monopoly by such a re
vision of the land taws as will break
its grip on the supply of raw materials
- by placing the natural resources with
in the reach of all men.
The severest criticism of the cur
rency bill has been aimed at the pro
visions for issue and redemption of
the new asset currency. Senator Root
sounded the alarrfl by saying these
provisions would lead to dangerous in.
nation. The first source of danger
discovered by him was the fact that
the commercial paper, on which the
new currency is to be based, is not
limited to that arising out of actual
commercial transactions, but extends
to' "notes, drafts, and bills of ex
change, secured by staple agricultural
products or other goods, wares, or
merchandise." Thus notes might be1
issued against grain in storage and
currency might be based on these
notes. He said of this provision:
t nnAartaaa ta say that thara la no new
enterprise coneetvahle Is tbla country, that
aa ana or ua ha known In tha past decade
. -, -nternrise. which could not ba
financed by bill" and notes coming within
v. . iM.rinHnn of tha bill 1 have read.
Merchandise In lt passage from the point
- . I A thm tminl nf riinl U HI Ht I Oil
Wl Ul IfU kll 1U - . - . .
may ba drawn a It ain't by succeesivs holders
l. MAri fa. tn. loll eacn treoiaier
. . K v. . a of a bill upon which d
count may be obtained, upon which a Gov
ernment note can ba laauoa.
Further, the bill provides that the
reserve to be carried by the Federal
reserve banks as additional security
' for Federal reserve notes issued
against commercial paper shall con
sist of "gold or lawful money," while
these notes are finally redeemable at
the United States Treasury in gold
alone. "Lawful money" Includes
greenbacks, which are flat money:
National - bank notes, which are only
promises to pay, and Federal reserve
notes, which are also promises to
pay. It Is feared that credit may
be over-extended to the point where
confidence in the Federal reserve
notes will become impaired and
that they wilt be presented at the
Treasury with a demand for gold, with
the result that the Government gold
reserve will be drained, as It was un
' tier Cleveland, when greenbacks
poured in for redemption in gold. The
frame of the bill have recognized
this danger by empowering the Gov
ernment to issue bonds or notes to
strengthen the gold reserve in Jhe
Treasury.
The critics of the bill would have
avoided these dangers by limiting the
discount privilege to paper covering
actual sales of goods, by requiring
that the Federal reserve notes be se
cured by an equal amount of such
paper by 40 per cent in gold alone, by
making them redeemable at the Fed
eral reserve banks In gold alone and
by making them notes of the banks,
not of the Government Issued to and
secured by the banks. In the last re
spect, they would follow the example
of European governments with regard
to note issues.
Defenders of the new law contend
that the dangers described are so re
mote, if they exist at all. as not to be
valid objections to the new note issue.
They point out that the commercial
paper must first be discounted and
indorsed by the local bank, then be
redlscounted by the Federal reserve
bank, which is managed by a majority
of directors elected by the member
banks. In order to become the basis
for currency this paper must first pass
muster with the Federal reserve agent,
who Is to be a member of the board of
directors, then with the Federal Re
serve Board. It Is to be issued only on
application of the Federal reserve
bank, which must thus take the initia
tive and will be primarily responsible
for any inflation. The Federal Reserve
Board can check over-extension of
credit, for It Is to make weekly exam
inations of the Federal reserve banks
and is to fix weekly the discount rate
which these banks are to charge each
other. Federal reserve notes are to
be sent Immediately on presentation
to the issuing bank for redemption,
hence cannot accumulate as reserve
money. -
t When questioned on this subject of
over-expansion, Frank A. Vanderllp,
president of the National City Bank,
said to the Senate committee:
It this oUl were drawn ao a to be danger,
aua on the side of the expansion of credit.
I should aay Deware." Now. It Is so drawn
that there can be a sreat expansion of credit,
bat I do not bellsTe It will be too great,
because I do not believe the bankers will
permit this power to be unwisely exercised
anv mora than at the present moment.
Undoubtedly a bank will feel freer If It
has a central reserve bask to so to. to redis
count than It doea now. Tou have to depend
on the seed Judgment and conservatlveneaa
of that banker. If ha feels ha can redle
caunt any time, aaythlns re has. and he la
a reckless roan, ha will loan too much. But
xea will have aa a Governor tha powsr of
control of your re clonal reserve bank board
and of the Federal board. That Is why I
aid that there Is not an authority given to
this Federal leeervs board which it ought
not ta have.
In regard to making the Govern
ment stand back of the riew currency,
Mr. Vanderllp said:
I da set think this bill In all human
probability would ever Involve the Govern
ment, but tha prlweiple of haying the (Mr.
neat Issue taeaa notes Ja wrong. a as
guaranty of tha Government la an unneces
sary and Illogical thing. The notes will float
perfectly well without any guaranty. Now,
practically, I teU you my opinion la that the
thing U1 work. It is wrong. It is unscien
tific, it Is not a correct way of approaching
this subject, but I think it will work, and
the strong probability la tnat tne nauua
credit will never become involves.
The danger of over-expansion is ap.
parently remote. It can be warded
off by conservatism on the part of the
local banks In the first Instance, the
Federal reserve banks next and the
Federal Reserve Board finally. It. is
apparently due to a desire of tha
sound money men in the Democratic
party to humor the flat money men
of the Bryanastamp. After amply se
curing the new currency, they have
added the fiat quality unnecessarily
and illogically. If the right men are
placed on the Federal board, that
body will ward off any danger that
the Government will be called, upon
to make good Its fiat.
ASAHEL BUSH.
Asahel Bush had a place in the an
nals of Oregon occupied by no other
man. He was by instinct a politician,
by training a writer, and by occupa
tion banker; and he excelled in all.
In the old days of the powerful Salem
clique, he wielded a wide . and even a
controlling influence In, the affairs of
Oregon; and for many year after its
passing he survived as a conspicuous
figure in politics and In finance
Throughout his long life, the name
of Asahel Bush has been familiar In
Oregon. All the time. Ire has been
aggressive, masterful and fearless; yet
It is strangely true that he had a
curious and shrinking personal (not
physical) timidity that led him to
avoid public appearances, and to keep
In the background. Probably he
might have been Governor or Senator
If he had desired; but he had appar
ently no ambition for public office,
except that for many years in the
early days he was Public Printer.
Mr. Bush was founder and for a
long time publisher of the Oregon
Statesman and he was an able ex
ponent of the so-called Oregon style
of Journalism, consisting mainly of
pointed personal references or attacks,
and of witty or satirical comment on
current matters. Long ago he with
drew from Journalism; but no pioneer
of Oregon now surviving Is ignorant
of the brilliant role Editor Bush
played in the period from 1850 to
1880, and even later. .
Mr. Bush wa a Democrat who was
not In harmony with many of the re
cent manifestations of his party, for
he was essentially cautious, thought
ful avnd conservative, and in the mod
ern sense old-fashioned. He was a
sound banker, and he amassed a for
tune by entirely legitimate methods.
He was a keen and incisive writer and
a thorough student and observer of
events. He had strict standards of
personal Integrity, and ho lived up to
them. He lived a long life and it was
an Interesting and fruitful one.
ONCE MORE THE LECTURE PLATFORM.
The Oregonian needs no instruction
as to the value of the Chautauqua, and
has Invited no lecture through any at
tempted derogation of the great serv
ice that fine Institution has performed
for the American people. It has a
thousand times commended the Chau
tauqua and will doubtless find many
other opportunities for commenting
with discrimination upon the lectures
and other educational features of its
work.
The correspondent who writes today
in approval of the performances of
Vice-President Marshall and Secretary
Bryan on the Chautauqua circuit
overlooks the essential points of the
complaint against them. It would be
Just the same if they went into vaude
ville, or the circus ring, or on the con.
cert platform, which are in them
selves entirely meritorious enterprises,
but which ought not to be utilized to
advertise among their attractions a
Vice-President and a Secretary of
State.
It is not likely that Speaker Clark,
who is himself a popular Chautauqua
star, or ex-Speaker Cannon ever re
sponded to the call of the (paid) lec
ture Dlatform while Congress was in
session; and the same is likely enough
true of Senators Cummins and La
Follette and the late Senator Dolllver.
Secretary Bryan has said that he
had a right to use his time as he sees
fit during the Summer vacation
period, which is true enough within
certain limitations. But, without re
gard to the-allegations that Secretary
Bryan ignored a plain call to duty at
his post during the early stages of
the Mexican crisis, the premier of a
President's Cabinet owes it to the dig
nity and decorum of his high employ
ment to be somewhat more than an
itinerant lecturer. He has in his keep,
ing the confidence of a President and
the position of a great people before
the nations. He ought always to be
conscious of his responsibilities and
to conduct himself with proper re
serve.
Much the same may be said of a
Vice-President, who ought not to talk
too much and. Indeed, is usually cx-
Dected not to talk at all. It will be
noticed that Mr. Marshall stipulated
that he should not be advertised as the
"Vice-President." Why-not? If im
proper, why is the Vice-President lec
turing? rARMXRS' CREDIT A REALITY.
Tvt.1t rnncrejx and various organ
izations have been talking about im-nnvino-
ho former's rredit. the Jew
ish farmers of the United States have
actually done so, for they have in op
eration a system of loans on land and
a system or personal credit. The Jew
ish A arrlcultural and Industrial Aid So
ciety, an ofshoot of the Baron de
Hlrsch fund, undertook fn 1900 to
carry on the work which that fund
had begun in 1890, of making mort
gage loans to farmers. The system is
similar to that of the Credit Fancier
and other land credit Institutions in
Europe. Loans are made at 4 per
cent interest and are repayable in
moderate annual Installments. In
fourteen years the society has made
SS00 loans aggregating about $1,800,
000 to 2500 Jewish farmers in the
United States and Canada.
From the society mentioned have
grown up seventeen credit unions in
the United States, having a total of
617 members, which make loans to
members on their personal credit.
Each union raised $500 or more by
sale of shares and the Aid Society
lent each one of them $1000. They
are organized oa the same plan as the
Ralffersen banks, adapted to Amer
ican conditions. The first credit union
was organized in May. 1911, and they
now have an aggregate capital of
$9165. They have made loans of
$73.6:4 and their net profits total
$11", or at the rate of lSVi per cent
per annum.. Of the 110$ loans made.
751 have been repaid, the total amount
repaid being $50,816.
V have become so accustomed to
regard the Jew aa concerned chlsOy
in trade and manufacture that it
seems strange that they should be
engaged in farming. Yet "when the
Jews were a nation occupying their
own country, the majority of them
must have made their living from the
soil, each one sitting under his own
vine or his own fig tree. It is in ac
cordance with the genius of the race
that they should be the first to have
made practical application of the
methods' of providing credit which
have gone so far In, promoting agri
cultural prosperity In Europe.
XEW rRENDKNT OF HILL Uts XN
OKEOOS. n ,
The retirement of Mr. Young aa
president of the Spokane. Portland &
Seattle Railroad and of the Hill lines
in Oregon is noted with regret, but It
is a satisfaction to know that he Is to
be succeeded By a capable executive
and thoroughgoing man of affairs of
the type of Mr". I C. Gilman.
Mr. Gilman was for many years a
practicing lawyer of Seattle, with a
large corporation and " railroad busi
ness. Transition from the legal to the
operating and administrative .branches
of the railroad service was thus made
easy. . He has for some years been
assistant to the president of the Great
Northern, located on Puget Sound, and
he has made for himself, a high place
In the transportation world.
Mr. Gilman will be welcomed In
Portland, where his reputation as an
energetic administrator and interest
ing and high-minded personality pre
cedes him. He Is indeed no stranger
here, for he has had much to do al
ready with the extension of the Hill
system in the Columbia Basin. There
Is no question that ho will at once
Identify himself with large affairs in
Oregon and that his first Interest will
be the development of the great field
which his railroad serves.
DANCING.
Mr. Rarlck's statement, published
in another column, that "thousands
have fallen because of the dance," 1
repudiated by every experienced social
worker. . It is not dancing that causes
them to fall, but the evil conditions
surrounding it. The new social pur
pose Is to remove these conditions and
retain the Joy and beauty of dancing
with wholesome surroundings. Mr.
Rariclfs belief that dancing is im
moral is utterly baseless.
If he would read his Bible he would
learn that "there Is & time to dance,"
and that the Savior himself encour
aged It by supplying wine at a mar
riage feast where dancing was the
principal amusement.
No sensible person wants policemen
at schoolhouse dances. The presence
of parents and teachers will provide
ample safeguards.
OREGON AUTHORS. '
- It Is said by those who have had oc
casion to look into the matter that
books on Oregon sell better in other
parts of the country than here at
home. This Is true even of Mrs. Dye's
works, which present Oregon's story In
entertaining, romantic form with all
the charm of fine literary art. In
the East people buy her "Conquest,"
"McLOughlln and Old Oregon" and
-rr.rtnnnlri'' anil rpfln thsnl ftvlth KeSt.
but In this part of the world they are
comparatively neglected. Oregon has
tint vat nova Innort to that nolnt of
state pride where it places much per
manent value upon its literary men
and women. As Mrs. Dye herself puts
i Ram Kimnsnti and.. Schwatka per
ished miserably. Joaquin Miller had to
leave the state to oDtain any son oi
recognition." The "Letters From an
Oregon Ranch." by a writer whose pen
name was "Elizabeth," perished with
the first edition."
there were 100
students from Eastern universities
pursuing botanical researcnes m
Alaska one Summer and the book
they used for a guide was by an Ore
gon author. How many who read this
can give his name? "He prepared a
hntanv fnr hntaniitta and was a mem
ber of many European learned socie
ties. And yet he died recently un
known and in penury, obliged to turn
via lifawnrir tn tha most uncon
genial tasks to make a living for his
family.
There is a brief account or Airs.
Dye in "Who's Who," but that work
la not generally accessible, particularly
in mi-si rfitrW Sh la one of the
most considerable literary figures who
thus far has lived and written In .(Ore
gon, but it seems that there is no
eoavmaona for the school children
of the state to learn the facts of her
biography. A curt and not very de
pendable memoir of Sam Simpson Is
attached to. the collected edition of his
poems, but this book is expensive and
probably not orten round in tne coun
try schools. "
Joaquin Miller is better known dui
, rilH not reallv belong to Oregon
literature. He lived only a short time
in
th atntA wnri tha subjects of his
verse were cosmopolitan for the most
part, though now ana men iocai. ii
lust be confessed tnat lor a eommun
.hir.h uonifos tn shine in literature
and art as well as in commerce Ore
gon has been neglectful of her stars.
They are allowed to expire without
much show of grief on the part of
their fellow citizens. how can we
v.r.na tn n rrii m 11 1 R.t e a ealaxv un
less we cherish our luminaries more
refully?
other states are more alive to their
iniuiisKinai Interpsta. "Indiana has
made Indianapolis," we are told, "al
most the literary capital 01 America.
Even mediocre writers receive such
encouragement that they become
known nationally." Indiana certainly
iin.. nnt hirin her candle under a
bushel. She sets it on a hill to be
seen of mfin and receives in return for
her pains not only an enviable meed
of glory, but more substantial rewards
in the shape of copyrights and theater
receipts.
Oregon's plan of burying her talent
In the ground cannot be commended.
If we ever expect to develop a local
literature we must learn to make the
most of the day of small things, though
some of the works which have already
been produced here cannot truthfully
be called small. Some of Sam Simp
son's poetry has great merit, while
Mrs. Dye'a books rank high among
those of the same . kind which have
appeared in other parts of the world.
It would be difficult to find a romantic
presentation of history more charming
than her "McLoughlin and Old Ore
gon," or one that Is constructed with
finer literary art. .
But nothing Is to be gained by scold.
Ing at our fellow-citizens for their
neglect of local writers. The only way
to remedy the fault is to form some
constructive plan. Perhaps we may
decide ultimately to follow the 'exam
ple which California has set. In that
state " literary colonies have . been
formed where kindred- spirits live In
close neighborhoods and encourage
each other by mutual appreciation and
criticism. These, colonies hpld, put
many allurements to outsiders to come
In and share their advantages.
Mrs. Dye, whose home is In Oregon
City, has been urged to Join the group
at Glen Ellen, where Jack London and,
other noted authors reside. The temp
tation to dwell among people of ambi
tions kindred with her own must be
great, but thus far she has remained
loyal to Oregon. Perhaps she has
given more to the state than she has
received.
Our local climate does not permit
literary colonies to be formed upon
quite the .same plan as In California,
but It seems as if something of a film
liar nature might be done. At least a
literary club might be organized where
people who write could meet once a
month and dine together. Even If the
plan were quite loose to begin with It
would probably develop Into some
thing permanent and become a center
of Inspiration to our young poets ana
playwrights. As Us means accumu
lated it woifld perhaps undertake to
publish memoirs of its more celebrated
members. Such a club could certainly
do much to keep their names alive
both at home and abroad.
A youth iwho aspires to reach fame
by the literary path meets with many
difficulties In this part of the world,
The local publication of books has
scarcely begun and, as most of our
authors have found to their cost, the
local market Is limited. We live far
from the great literary centers and
therefore can compete with more for
tunate rivals only with difficulty. Our
poetry and our apples suffer under the
same handicaps. Just as the remedy
In the case of fruit is to build up a
home market, so In the case of litera
ture it is to Increase home apprecia
tlon.
No'' doubt such a club as we have
suggested would bring writers into
sympathetic association with influen
tial people from other walks of life
and ultimately help to give intellectual
things their merited standing In the
community.
"Who ever heard of an Oregon com
mercial club thinking of a mere all'
thor as of value to the state.?" asks
one of our successful writers. Such a
thing may never have been heard of
yet, but if our authors will assert
themselves by forming a vigorous or
ganization they may win the same rec
ognition in the future as cattle and
hens.
Emma Eames Is reported to have
lost a $2000 diamond bracelet. If all
the stories of lost and stolen jewelry
told by stage people were true, they
would represent wealth surpassing
that of the Incas. As a matter of
fact. It is mostly dream-wealth.
Premier Asquith Is probably won
dering what particular form of Christ
mas entertainment Mrs. Pankhurst is
preparing for him.' To be appropriate,
the missiles thrown at the Premier's
windows should be ancient turkeys or
stale mince pies.
An Ohio Infant Is the recipient of
life privileges at the town barber shop,
a few bottles of wine, a theater pass
good for life and a pair of corsets, all
presented by enthusiastic townspeople.
Odd someone didn't think to throw in
a Bible. '
A strike for "polite language during work
ing hours" haa been won lu a Kew York
Iron-working shop. Everybody should be sat
isfied at that except the "bucko mate" type
of foreman. New York World.
We may yet see Alphonse and Gas
ton on the section gang.
By and by the eight-hour law will
apply to livestock. The dray-horse
worked- all day will obtain relief-and
the cow that goes twelve hours be
tween mllkings will be succored by a
commissioner.
President Wilson rose publicly and
sang the Princeton song. Observers
of his foreign policies are led to won
der if "The Star Spangled Banner"
ever arouses any emotion within him.
A high-grade engineer at $500 a
mnnth ! amiirht bv Commissioner
Dleck. . But we thought Mr. Dieck was
a high-grade engineer capable of do
ing all the heavy work.
A Denver man has proposed to' a
Los Angeles .woman who smashed win
dows for her rights. He must learn
not to speak out of his turn.
Pv.Dli1ant Wllann recommends a
"very serious reprimand" for the of
fending members of the Carabao club.
Spank 'em next time.
Tt la worth while to be Maverick in
Texas. The head of the clan will dis
tribute a million dollars among the
members tomorrow.
Manufacture of alcohol from or
chard waste will strike the prohibi
tionist as stiff a blow as beer from the
Oregon hop.
Huerta observed his birthday yes
terday, but multitudes of Mexicans
would more enjoy his dcathday.
Are vou a-olng to help see to it that
no poor lad gets nothing more than
a hole in his stocking tonight? -
ct Tnu1'a nnllne department Is now
enjoying a shakeup. There appears
to be an epiaemic 01 11.
The President is now twanging the
"Damn, damn, damn" chorus of the
Carabao melody. -
Once prosperous mining man kills
himself in poverty. Dame Fortune is
a fickle Jade.
Oet out the war scare and brush it
up- The Delevan comet is getting
brighter.
A Frenchman, losing his brain, con
tinues to live. Make a good soap-box
agitator.
Turkey arrivals are light. Which
should give the price- Jugglers a
chance.
Restaurant rushers are to be sent to
Jail. Where, at least, they can eat.
Only the bargains in turkeys come
in the late hours today.
When It comes to staving off crises
Huerta is a true artist.
' Father is today setting his face for
the Christmas smile.
- Nearly time to commence your
Christmas shopping.
What is a sled to a boy on a green
Christmas?
Welt ifi
Christmas.
time to start It. Merry
Remember be poor.
PUBLIC OFFICERS AS LECTURERS
Their Practice of Making; Paid Tours
- - la Defeaded.
PORTLAND, Dec! 23. (To the Edi
tor.) The Oregonlan's comments re
garding the Chautauqua and Lyceum
lectures by Seoretary Bryan and Vloe
President Marshall overlook one phase
of the matter that is important. The
value of lectures given by clean, high
minded public men on the Chautauqua
platform, which is non-partisan and
non-sectarian, is beyond the under
standing of the average metropolitan
newspaper.
The Chautauqua movement has
gained tremendous headway In the last
ten years, there beinir now more tnan
3000 or them. Much of Its popularity
came throueh the ability to secure men
high in public life for lecturers on Its
programmes. Many or these lecturers
were and are Republicans, such as Sen
ators Dolllver, Cummins and La Fol
lette. as well as Joseph G. Cannon,
former Speaker of the House. Much
of their lecturing was done while tney
were holding public office, and to my
mind it was of much greater value
from the fact that they were thereby
enabled to draw larger audiences, as
well as to speak with a deeper under
standing of the questions discussed. So
far as I can remember no criticism was
offered these Republicans on their do
ing this, but the cases are simliar if
not parallel.
The Chautauquaa have furnished an
Ideal forum for such lecturers. Men of
high ideals have been able to get close
to the people to learn their viewpoint,
and a small admission charge, which Is
gladly paid by the thousands who are
unable to hear such men under any
other conditions, enables these men to
carry their messages to all parts of
the land. '
Much of the success of the progres
sive movement Is due to La Follette's
noted Chautauqua tours while he was
Governor of Wisconsin. The State of
Wisconsin was benefited rather than
harmed by his lecture tours. A con
crete Illustration of this is the recent
investigations of Judge Lindsay's work
in Denver. The most serious charge
brought against Judge Lindsay by his
detractors was that he was frequently
absent on lecture tours. The net result
of these charges and investigations was
that he was commended because or
his lecturing, thus furthering the work
of the Juvenile Court throughout the
country.
Denver Is proud of Judge Lindsay
and is lad to have him visit all sec
tions of the country to teU of the
splendid work of the Juvenile court.
So, too, you will find that the major
ity of the American people are proud
of their Secretary of State, both for
his ability as an orator ana nis splen
did ideals as a man. To forbid him to
use his attainments as a Chautauqua
speaker for three or four weeks in the
Summer, when other men are enjoying
vacations. Is to forbid him to use his
vacation as he sees fit and to deprive
manv thousands of the privilege of
hearing one of the greatest oratcrs of
the present day.
J. ft. ELLISON.
FIXD A SOLUTION FOR IDLESBSS.
New Means of Handling Unemployed
Should Be Adopted.
PORTLAND, Dec. 22. (To the Edl
'tor.) It is a terrible thing for Port
land to have 9000 unemployed men look
ing for work. Yet, If during this some
what exceptional situation, the com
munity can oome to realize that even
during the best of seasons there are
always some men out of work, who are
really loklng for work, and that un
employment Is a constant factor in the
lives of wage earners; and if our citi
zens can be led to study the present
problem in the light of what other
countries have done ta relieve unem
ployment, then the present situation
may be turned to good use.
1 For many years European countries
have been working away- at a solution
of the problem of the unemployed.
What hag been done abroad has been
described In a bulletin of the United
States Bureau of Commerce and Labor
by W. D. P. Bliss, in a study entitled
"The Unemployed In European Coun
tries." Most successful have been the Swiss
labor colonies, established in many of
the- Swiss cantons. Briefly, these col
onies are of two sorts: a free colony for
those who are able bodied, but who are
Involuntarily out of work; and a deten
tion colony for vagTants. These are
agricultural ' colonies, and are largely
self-supporting. By means of them the
different classes of the unemployed are
treated neither as objects of charity
nor as criminals, but as victims of eco
nomic conditions over which they have
no control. If in addition to the very
desirable project of employing men on
public construction works, Portland
had an agricultural colony-where men
might go who were temporarily out of
work, and another detention colony for
vagrants, who have forgotten how to
work, and who need firm, kindly, reme
dial treatment, the present Intolerable
situation could be avoided.
Of course, the establishment of such
colonies would be only one step In the
solution of the problem of unemploy
ment, but they would be one step. Our
present individualistic, devil-take-the-hindmoHt
social philosophy tends to re
gard all unemployed men as "bums,"
and sends men to the rockpile because
they are found standing on the street
without money in their pockets. Logi
cally pursued, it would land thousands
more of us on the rockpile.
Modern industry by demanding re
serve forces of labor creates the un
employed classes: that Is, the problem
is one created by the community life.
It is time that we were finding some
other .ort of community solution for
it than by resorting to our penal and
charitable .Institutions. W shall be
fortunate if we shall find a solution
before the Panama Canal brings to the
cities of tha Western Coast tens of
thousands of unskilled immigrant la
borers from Southeastern Europe.
ARTHUR EVANS WOOD.
The Sea.
I thought the sea waa picturesque
When pirates flourished long ago.
But since we have the SOS;
Upon my soul, I do not know!
Did ever blood of mortal flow
So fast for wonders there displayed.
As when a fleet of steamers go
To succor some great ship in woe
That else were far from human aid?
That miracle of man Is more
In pure romance than all the sea
Has ever served to bring ashore
In all the conturles to me.
I thought it nevermore could be
The sea again, with all its thrill,
But lo! another century
With human ingenuity
Has made It more romantic still.
St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
Rablndranath Tagore.
The bard of Bengal hoary,
Rablndranath Tagore,
By famous song and story
Wins Nobel prie with glory!
Rablndranath Tagore '
Has made a splendid score
Above the loftiest tot
His pegasus will soar.
He's worthy of all fame
So I feel much to blame
In owning to my shame
i I can't pronounce his name.
George B. Morewood in New York Sun.
Wishes. .
They had broken a wishbone together.
"What was it you wished?" laughed
she..
"I wished that you'd let me kiss you.
Now, tell me your wish,'" said lie.
Her eyes fell she paused a moment.
While her blushes deeper grew.
"My wish was," she prettily stammered.
"That what you wished would come
true."
Rehobohth Sunday Herald.
WAY TO STAVD OFF FREE WOOL.
Breeder of LentT Experience Offers a
Sujrgeatloia to Sheen C rowers.
PORTLAND. Deo. 22. (To tha Edi-
f-tor.) I noticed In The Oregonian re
cently that the Oregon woolgrowers
score the Oregon Senators for-voting
for free wooL Having been In the
sheep business for 35 years, and also
coming near being born on a sheep ranch
in Ohio, now nearly 78 years ago, I
take more than a common Interest
in the sheep business. Hence. I wish
to aay a few words to encourage our
sheep men, as one of them.
In 1863 I bought' of Edmund Ham
mond, of Mlddlebury, Vt. the great
Spanish Merino sheep breeder of Amer
ica, a few of his fullbloods, which I
took across the plains to California, in
a wagon, in 1864. v
In 1865 I bought a band or lsuv sneep
that had been well bred up to Merino
stock. I kept on breeding my sheep
to fullblood rams until the bales got
so heavy with oil that I got docked
in price by the commission men in San
Francisco. Of course, I did not kick,
as I knew that I ought to be docked
before I was.
-1 had bought Tommy Cotter's' little
Hock of 16 fullblood Merinos, of Elk
Grove, Sacramento, CaU for $100 a
head, and I paid him $200 for a 2-year-old
ram that took the first premium
at the State Fair at Sacramento. So,
you see, I was up among the best of
breeders of fine sheep.
I conceived the Idea of crossing my
Merinos with Cotswold to get solid
value In the fleece. Instead of two
thirds of the weight of the fleece be
ing animal oil, or grease, as some
called It- I bought one half of a pen
of Cotswold ewes that took the first
sweepstakes prize at the State Fair at
Sacramento. These I took home to
Humboldt County, California, and
sheared them just one year after they
had been shorn before. They sheared
from 10 to 12 pounds of the cleanest
wool I ever saw. The next year they
beat the first year by a large per cent.
I bought these sheep of Hiram A.
Rawson, of Red Bluff, Cal. I also
bought from Mr. Rawson the Prince of
Ontario, which he had Imported from
Stone's flock. In Canada. I crossed
the Cotswold ewes with a Merino ram
that I paid $250 for. The offspring of
this cross were the finest sheep I ever
saw. There was a perfect blend In
fleece and the bodies of the sheep sur
prised all the sheepmen that saw them.
The wool was about four Inches long,
of splendid weight, and an armful
In size.
I bred the Prince of Ontario to my
main band and it knocked out the Me
rino wrinkles and conformation by one
fell swoop, giving me a fine mutton
sheep and a superb fleece. I also
Crossed fullblood Shropshire with full
blood Merino with good results, but
not so fine a fleece.
If It is necessary to drive far to
Summer range or to market, perhaps
they would be the sheep wanted. Wil
lamette Valley has many fine flocks
of mutton stock to select from for
breeders of sheep on the ranges east
of the mountains. The Cotswold'a fleece
is long and thin and if the sheep are
warmed enough to sweat much, they
mav take cold and run at the nose,
which will not be the case with
the Merino crossbreds. Frank Arm
strong, of Klamath Falls, one of the
best sheep shearers I ever knew, who
had sheared sheep all over California,
Eastern Oregon and British Columbia,
was at our place some years ago, in
Salem. He told me that the sheep
that I produced by the foregoing
crosses described were the best he ever
saw.
If you want to stand off this hell
born free.trade, charge the breeding of
your sheep. It looks as If the devil
was in politics and perhaps has come
to stay. With wages higher in this
country, and modern conditions of liv
ing among the masses, how can we
come down to flatfooted free trade and
competition with the pauper labor of
Europe and the half civilised coun
tries of all the rest of the world? We
can't do it without giving up all of our
real and boasted blessings that have
come 'down to us by the great sac
rifices of life and everything that we
hold dear. It seems as if the worst
form of anarchv Is lying on our track.
This may be drawing on our fears and
imaginations, but any way or looKing
at It. the devil is to pay up one side
and down the ether.
The sheepmen are the most for
tunate of all. They can always have
a leg of mutton In the bakeoven and
they can wait tho fchort time tnat it
will take Europe to get control of
all our markets on account of cheaper
labor and lower cost of living. When
we are down and out, they will put up
the price of their free trade products.
Wool will then go up. as they will have
the whip hand as long as we have free
trade rule.
If our factories nut more shoddy in
their cloth they are likely to get what
the pure food commission is dealing
out to those who are selling aaui
terated foodstuff today. Tom Kay,
in figuring out the exact difference be
tween the cost of a suit of clothes
under free trade and our past tariff,
makes It Just B0 cents. He does not
tell us just how .much shoddy is In
that suit. There are but few people
who have not lost some of their hard-
earned dollars buying shoddy gar-
ents. The woolgrowers should unite
lo stop this dastardly stealing.
The sheepmen, as a class, have al
ways been very intelligent and good
citizens, and are deserving of fair con
sideration by our Government They
kill the rattlesnakes on the ranges.
They are the victims of eagles and vul
tures that kill their lambs, and cats,
wolves and bears that kill their sheep.
They are also victims of free trade
politicians. It is to be hoped that we
will live through the present turmoil
In politics and get back to looking
after the welfare of our people in
stead vt picking out a rew for vic
tims. SALMON BROWN,
2024 East Couch street, Portland, Or.
The Man Who Had So Chance.
I used to fret because I thought
My chances were sT few;
It seemed to me that there was not
Much left for me to do:
The splendid things had all been done
At least, I thought they had
I craved a chance, and, finding none.
Considered matters bad.
I used to list myself with those
Who had been born too late;
I had no reason to suppose
I might be rich or great;
No chance at all remained for me
At least, it seemed so then
To win renown or worthily
Rise o'er my fellow men.
The great things fiad been done before
I came upon the scene;
There waa no chance for me to score
My fate w-s poor and mean:
I often hopelessly complained,
As I reviewed the case.
Because no chance for me remained
To serve the human race.
And how, as I look back. I find
Myself despondent, still;
I am distressed in heart and mind
I claim no happy thrill;
Condemned to shiver in the cold.
I cannot now resist
Sad memories aa I behold
The chances I have mimed.
S. E. Kiser in Chicago Record-Herald.
Progress In Love-Finance.
Judge.
"You say hf-r love affairs have pro
gressed from abstract to concrete?"
"yes, she jillel a title-guarantee
man to take on a builder."
Fruui Ifjite to l.ovc.
"I do so hat to have you go'."
She tearful anud li-r imrtiig f.uei;
But as the train movnrt off sho smiled,
-Lord! how l'l Iovb to get a rent!"
Frederick Moxon in Judaic
Twenty-five Years Ago
Prom The Oregonian of December Ss4. 3&S3.
Vancouver, W. T., Deo. 23. The con
tract with the California Electric Light
Company for electric lights was con
firmed by the Council and the plant
will be In operation not later than the
middle of February.
A. M. Hamilton. Sheriff of Union
County, is at the St. Charles.
Police Judge Tanner has gone to
Springfield, Lane County, to spend
Christmas with his f Jrther-in-law, John
Kelly.
C C. Scott, of the Gilman, is the re
cipient of a magnificent gold watch
from his wife.
A series of articles on the growth
of Seattle is published in this Issue.
T. L. Patty, of Yamhill County, ar
rived yesterday from the East.
Testerday was chosen by the Baptists
of East Portland for the immersion of
converts In the Willamette. Six or
eight individuals were Introduced Into
the cold water, several being of the
gentler sex.
Six teams will make the rounds of
the city today to make collections for
the Good Samaritan Hospital. Any
who are not called upon can send con
tributions to the care of Dr. J. W. Hlll,
Bishop Scott Academy, i
R. Lemon, the well-known stevedore',
was severely hurt Saturday by being
thrown from the platform of a street
car, v
Ha If a Century Ago
From The Oregonian of Deo. 24. 186.
First-Lieutenant W. V. Rtnehart, Ad
jutant of the Oregon Cavalry, has been
appointed Captain and ordered to Walla
A. Lieutenant West, of Company C
(Captain Kelly) has been appointed Ad
jutant of the Oregon Cavalry.
On November 12 Senator (ex-Governor)
Sprague, of Rhode Island, and
Miss Kate Chase, .eldest daughter of
Secretary Chase, were married at
Washington.
Some time since 41 muskets were
distributed by the Columbia County
Commissioners, but as soon as Gounty
Judge Pope qualified he issued an order
for return of all state arms. The loyal
citizens returned all in .their possession,
while the well-known secession sym
pathizers were permitted to retain those
held by them. The present Judge, B.
D. Stevens, has been unable to find the
first gun, and there is not now known
to be a' gun belonging to the Govern
ment in the hands of a Union man.
Washington, Dec. 11. The Army of
the 'Potomac is to be Immediately re
organized and made larger and bettor
in every respect. The chief command
will probably be tendered to Hooker
or Thomas. f
City- Council Mr. Frush waa un
willing to sign the contract tor grad
ing the public square unless special
provision was made that payments
should be made in gold and silver coin.
The Council deemed this unnecessary,
as the city would neither receive nor
pay out any other currency.
We were shown yesterday by Mr.
Snyder, superintendent of the assay of
fice of Wells-Fargo & Co., a bar of
gold valued at $13,975.
G. B. Waldron returned last evening
rrom The Dalles and reopens the Wil
lamette this evening.
DAXC1XG IN SCHOOLS OPPOSED
It la Xot a Wholeaome Amuaement,
Says Mr. Rarlck.
PORTLAND, Dec. 23. (To the Edi
tor.) Permit me to say a few word3
relative to your editorial of this morn
ing in which you defend the character
of Professor Krohn; also concerning
your editorial of last Saturday con
cerning the "larger use of the school
houses." With reference to the first
all I have to say is that in the resolu
tion which was offered In the Portland
Methodist preacher's meeting yesterday,
no attack was made on Professor
Krohn's character, nor was his char
acter attacked in the discussion. The
resolution had reference to dancing,
not folk games, in the public schools.
If dancing ' is discontinued in the
schools of Portland we will not need
dancing instructors.
However, the fact that Professor
Krohn has been and is teaching the
tango and other dances of a question
able character, and on his own admis
sion has been a dancing teacher for
the past 18 years, therefore in oul
judgment disqualifies him from teach
ing physical culture in any department
in our public schools.
As to the ditorial in The Orogonian
last Saturday no one questions tho
wisdom and advisability of putting
the schoolhouses to a'larger use. There
are a thousand uses to which we could
put them by which the community
could be helped. As you suggest:
"political meetings, dramatic perform
ances, debates, social gatherings," but
thousands of Portland people say
"never the dance." Tou say: "Young
people dance In low dens to the ac
companiment of beer and vice."
t tiiia hprftiine the schoolhouseB are
r"closed and dark? Is it not rather be.
cause the dance has been advocated as
essential to their enjoyment. Why not
oDen the schoolhouses to the public
and provide entertainment, recreation
and amusement of a wholesome char
acter? You say: "Those who do not
approve of dancing should not try to
compel everybody else to think exactly
as they do on that subject."
We accept tho fact "that others may
differ with us completely and still be
just as honest and conscientious as
we are." But we disapprove of dancing
on moral grounds. If we disapprove of
dancing In the public schools and do
not wish our children to come into
contact with it, should we be forced to
yield to.thoso who disagree with us?
Are we not entitled to some considera
tion? N
I am aware of the fact that those
who oppose dancing are considered nar.
row and intolerant, but I repudiate the
charge. I know that all who dance do
not fall, that many who dance may be
as pure as an angel, but the thousands
who have fallen because of the dance
warn us that we be careful lest we
put in tho way of our children that
which may cause their ruin.
If some wish to learn to dance there
is ample opportunity to learn elsewhere
than in the public schools. I say, let
them learn elsewhere. If you contend
for a professor of dancing In the pub
llce schools why not also have a pro
fessor of cards and teach the different
card gantf-s. One can be regulated as
well ;s the other. It has been sug-a-ested
that a policeman preside at the
dances In the public schools to keep
order and prevent lmproperlty. I ask,
why an amusement over which a police-
man needs to preside?
- C. C. RARICK.
o Hpace for JV'eweomece.
Washington V. C.) Star.
"KememuiT there's always room at
the top." "Maybe." replied Ine youui;
nan in politics. "And yet that intan
t!ile personage known as 'the man
higher W lluWIl t srem IO un uiui.u
siace for newcomers,"