3IONDAY, JULY ?, 101S.
'
i
COOPERATION IS
SWISS. KEYNOTE
TWO PHOTOGRAPHS FROM THE VETERANS' REUNION" AT GETTYSBURG.
TP HE LOUVRE
Corner Fourth and Alder Streets
The Louvre, "will introduce to the public on Monday, July 7, at 1 P. M., and after
that evenings, between 6 to 8 and 10 to 12 o'clock.
THE CELEBRATED
i X
Farmers Engage Extensively
in Purchase of Their
Own Supplies. . . V
SAVING IS TREMENDOUS
i'HE MORNING OREGOJflAN,
-7
r . $ s " - I
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yama:yama
Same Institution Also Serve as Mir
ket for Commodities Dairy- As
sociations . Xnmber. 3000,
With 80,000 Members.
BT HECTOR MACPHERBON.
BERNE, Switzerland, June 12. (Spe
cial Correspondence.) la studying the
development of farmers' associations In
Europe, w notice that In each country
the movement began where the need
wai greatest, and from the basis thus
established. It enlarged Its scope and
pushed out In all directions.
In most European countries, the
bone of the'?armer was usury. Feudal
serfdom was ' followed by a financial
thraldom often far more oppressive
than the old system had ever been.
Clergymen-threatened the usurer with
eternal damnation, civil law con
demned him,, society ostracised him,
but all to no avail.
Then, throughout Germany, Italy,
Austria and Hungary, the Raiffeisen
co-operative banks sprang up in the
rural villages. It was as if a magician's
wand had swept over the countryside.
At one stroke, the horde of private
money lenders disappeared.
The evil at which social ostracism,
legal prosecution, and religious con
demnation had been hammering away
for centuries, was eradicated with the
quiet lnevltableness which characterizes
the operation . of economic law. The
fundamental need of credit upon which
usury had flourished, was inexpensive
ly and equitably satisfied. and the
usurer either moved on or changed his
vocation.
Having accomplished its main task,
the credit society either took upon it
self other functions, or became the
active center from which stores, -warehouses,
winepresses, distilleries for fuel
alcohol, etc., were established co-operatively.
Irlcea of Supplies Studied.
This, however, was not the order or
development in Switzerland. In this
little republic. Interest rates had never
been so oppressive, nor had the de
pendence : of the farmer: upon private
money lenders ever been so great.
The most burdensome condition con
fronting the Swiss farmer arose out of
the high prices he was compelled to
pay for everything he bought. With
the progress of scientific agriculture,
artificial manures became a necessity.
They were extremely expensive, and,
more than anything else, this high cost
of fertilizers impelled the farmers to
investigate the profits made by retail
dealers In farm supplies.
The outcome was that, while the
farmers of other countries were or
ganizing to combat the exorbitant in
terest charges of the money lender, the
Swiss were forming associations for the
co-operative purchase of farm supplies.
At first, the business of these societies
was confined to a. few staple articles,
Ruch as fertilizers, feeding stuffs, im
plements and machinery.
Great savings were effected on all
of these lines.. The movement did not
stop here. The farmers' associations of
the Eastern cantons were united, in a
federation, and this union undertook
an Inquiry Into the expenditure of the
farmer's incoma. This Investigation
brought out the fact that the average
farmer spends three times as much for
household requisites and sundries as
he does for the staple articles which
the farmers' associations were buying
co-operatively. That Is, one quarter of
the farm Income, went for fertilizers,
feeding stuffs, etc., while the other
three-fourths was spent for other
kinds of goods.
General Business Undertaken.
The result of this investigation was
the launching of the farmers' societies
Into the general merchandising busi
ness. The venture has been an exceed
ingly prosperous one. 'l ne b;ast Swiss
Lnlon has ita own co-operative whole
sale at .. Wlnterthur, which supplies
f-verything Its patrons are likely to call
for, from harvesting machinery to hair
pine.
The wholesale has now been In op
eratlon 85 years. Its warehouses are
valued at 1320.000. its stock of goods
at $360,000, while its turnover last year
amounted to $2,000,000. Manager
scnramii gave the cost of doing bus
ness, including interest on their out
standing obligations, at 2Vs per cent on
. the turnover.
This. store supplies 180 local co-operative
retails. It sets prices which
will cover the Initial cost of the goods
and running expenses, together with a
safe working margin. The accumulat
ing surplus Is distributed among the
retails In proportion to their purchases.
The rebates last year . amounted to
$32,400.
The same method of doing business
is practised by the local associations.
Their turnover last year totalled about
$2,600,000; upon which $100,000 was re
bated to individual members.
The wholesale also serves as a
market for large quantities of commo
dities produced on the farm. For ex
ample, the cellars have been equipped
at a cost of $50,000, with huge tanks
lor the storage of wirie. The wine is
purchased from members through the
local associations, carefully filtered
graded, ana stored until prices are
right. In the same way grains, dried
fruits, home-made articles of clothing,
etc., find a market through the co-op
erative wholesale.
Costa Greatly Reduced.
The savings made possible have been
tremendous. This Is strikingly il
lustrateo in tne case of com-
merclal fertilizers, which hax
been reduced b per cent. Con
trary to tho practice of most co-op
co-operative movement, whether he
identified himself with it or not.
We spent a half day in the co-opera
tlve wholesale at Wlnterthur, and in
spected it from cellar to attic. We
found goods from every quarter of the
earth fertilizers from Chill, Peru and
Germany; machinery from England,
Germany and the united States; flou
from Russia and Minnesota. We found
a feed mill grinding corn from Argen
tine, and barley from Russia. We saw
implements made in the United States
standing In the same row with imitated
American implements, which Mr,
Schramll told us came from Germany,
The Imitation bore a gaudy label
printed in Kngusn, but without th
name of place or manufacturer. On
pseudo-American potato fork made an
extra claim upon the attention by Its
Inscription: God Save the Agricul
ture.
But I nTust not leave the reader with
the Impression that Swiss agriculture
is organized only for purchase and sale.
There are at present about 6500 farm
rs' associations In Switzerland, with a
membership of over 300,000.
Mutual Improvement Sought.
These consist of general agrlcultura
associations, which are partly educa
tionnl find partly economic in aim: so
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ABOVE. SECRETARY OF WAR GARRISON AND MAJOR GENERAL LEONARD WOOD, AT HIS RIGHT, ON
VISIT TO GETTYSBURG. PHOTOGRAPH COPYRIGHTED BY UNDERWOOD UNDERWOOD, NEW
YORK. BELOW, "POINTING HHERU HIS FOUGHT." PHOTO BY BAIN NEWS SERVICE.
cletles for the mutual improvement of
cattle, horses, goats, sheep and swine;
associations for the sale of fruits, and
the manufacture of wine and elder;
mutual Insurance companies; Raiffei
sen credit unions; associations of dairy
men with co-operatively-owned cream
eries, cheese factories and feed mills;
land Improvement, Irrigation and
drainage societies, etc., etc.
The most Important of these are the
dairymen's associations. There are
about 3000 of these In Switzerland,
with a membership of 80,000 farmers.
Some of these associations simply
pool their milk In order to make the
best sale possible. Others own cheese
factories and hog pens, which they
rent to the cheesemaker to whom they
sell their milk. Still other societies,
owning their own property, hire their
working force and market their own
product. .
There is at present a war on be
tween the milk selling associations, and
a combination of large dealers which
have joined hands with the condensed
milk companies to lower the price of
milk. The result so far has been a
rapid increase in the number of co
operative cheese factories, and the
formation of a Farmers' Cheese Export
Association.
The farmers are led by the best men
In the agricultural educational institu
tions, and all are -confident of winning
out.
VETERANS GO HOI
Week at Gettysburg Has Been
History-Making.
condemn anyone who says anything
that will in the least Indicate that there
still exists between the North and the
Sooth a feeling of bitterness because ot
the war that ended almost half a cen
tury ago.
ALL RANCOR FORGOTTEN
FIRING HOT AT GUOTAS
CANNON TAKEN FROM FEDER
ALS TURNED AGAINST THEM.
American Clubhouse at Empalme Is
Hit by- Shell From Gunboat.
Atrocities Charged.
DOUGLAS, Ariz., July 6. The bom
bardment of Guaymas was at its
height July 4. reported refugees arriv
ing here today from the front.
For the first time the Insurgents'
state troops brought Into play three
cannon captured from the federals.
shelling the gulf town and the two
federal gunboats lying in the harbor.
The Tampico, In return, bombarded
the Insurgent positions In Empalme.
where shells tore into the American
clubhouse. No Americans were re
ported Injured. Soon the Tampico was
forced to change anchorage, moving
to tha mouth of the harbor.
State officials charge the Federals
with many varieties of atrocities
against the residents of Guaymas.
Reports tell of renewed rebel activ
lty in Slnaloa, the coast state to the
south of Sonora. Military trains only
are operating between Pledras and
San Bias, where the insurgent forces
are mobilizing.
W'h;n navigation officially opened recently
there were In elevators, on steamers and on
rullroa'l cars at Fort William and Port Ar.
tfiur. at the head of Lake Puperlor. more
than 4i,T;i0.rHK bushel of grain awaiting
transportation
World Never Has Recorded Parallel
for Reunion of Thousands of
' Former Foes After Half '
Century of Peace.
GETTYSBURG, Pa.. July 6. (Special.)
Alter a week spent In tents, on
ground replete with historic interest, a
week in which the survivors Of the two
armies mingled in perfect harmony.
each one trying to outdo the other In
expressions of praise of a united coun
try and of love for both country and
flag, the veterans are leaving after the
reunion.
Pilne veterans died during the re
union. There were at one time 60,000
American soldiers in camp, 20,000 of
whom, according to the best estimates,
had been at Gettysburg 50 years before,
and everything about the little city and
the great battlefield was of intense in
terest to them.
Event la Historic One.
It was a historic visit for the vet
erans of both sides, and their visit was
a historic event which the Nation Is
likely to remember in connection with
the battle during the centuries to come,
for it was such an event as never be
fore found its way into history in any
other country In the world. They all
went away In Pullman cars, in comfort:
all of one mind upon everything that is
essential in good citizenship and all as
proud or that citizenship as any people
the Nation ever had. There was not a
spark of anger in a single breast. It
was such a sight as the world never be
fore saw, such a sight as the world
may never again witness.
Welcome Not to Be Forgotten.
When 25,000 former Confederate sol
diers leave these Pullman cars and min
gle with their families, neighbors and
friends, it will be to talk about their
visit to Gettysburg, their meeting with
friends, their never-to-be-forgotten
welcome by men who were once their
enemies, and to sing the praises of their
great country as they never befofe sang
them.
The soldiers who were In the. Union
Army will leave the cars to tell of the
greatest patriotic event the Nation has
known, an event that will be almost as
marked In history as that of B0 years
ago. They will mingle with their fam
Hies, friends and neighbors and, during
the remainder of their lives be quick to
GAMBLING CHARGE LODGED
Jake Tony Arrested on Complaint of
Victim's Relatives.
Jake Tony was arrested last night by
Police Sergeant Pressey and Patrolmen
Schlrmer and Tackaberry, at 473,North-
rup street, where he maintains a gro
eery. He was charged with selling llq
uor wunout a license, and with con
ducting a gambling game.
A system of gambling on credit was
revealed by a search of his account
books, which showed srambllnsr "chlDs"
debited to his customers along with the
more nomely bacon and flour. John
Savlch, Joe Pete and George Stiff were
held under ball to appear as witnesses.
The raid came as a result of complaints
Dy motners and wives of residents of
the colony, who said that their hus
bands were gradually going Into a kind
ol wage-siavery to the astute Tony.
THIEF CAUGHT IN ASTORIA
Detective Recognizes Old Offender
and Causes Arrest.
"While in Astoria after a prisoner ar
rested there for the theft of a. motor
boat. Detective Ackerman .caused the
arrest of Tom Kurschull on a technical
charge. Kurschull will be brought here
to answer ror larceny.
Knowing Kurschull to be an ex-con
vlct from San Quentln. and flndlnar him
in questionable surroundings, Acker
man pointed him out to the Astoria
police and he was arrested. It was
found that he had two fine watches.
of which the Portland detective took
the numbers, and upon returning to
Portland learned one of them had been
stolen from a hotel in this city. Kur
scnuii will be charged with the theft.
BOY DROWNS IN UMATILLA
John Peterson Loses lilte While
Swimming Near Hermiston.
HERMISTON. Or., July 6. (Soeclal.
-John Peterson, 20 . years ol(, was
mri ivruuy , u tne umatiua Kive
near the county brldare. Ha and i
dozen other boys and young men were
in swimming and young Peterson ven
tured beyond his depth and became ex
nausted. Two other boys went to bl
rescue, out were unable to save him.
A large party dratrcred the
until late tonight, but did not find the
oooy.
Peterson's brother Is somewhere 1
eastern Oregon. He is reported to
nave relatives in St. i-aui.
Edlefsen's fuel Is good , fuel.
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To properlj'- introduce this new -feature the Louvre dining-room has been redec
orated in Japanese style and in keeping with the "Three Twins" opera. The
public will find the Louvre the most cozy place in the city to spend a few hours.
Instrumental and Vocal Music, 6-8; 10-12 P. M.
THEO. KRUSE, Prop. ' FRITZ HAENLEIN, Musical Director
OFFICES UNDER FIRE
Systematic. Campaign to Re
move Postmasters Charged.
Chautauqua tent was crowded here at
today's programme. Including the White
City Band, Dr. Gordon Ware and the
Thovin Grand Concert Company. Fea
tures of tomorrow's programme will be
the Seton war dance, Indian stories.
Dr. John H. Andreas' lecture and Miss
La Dell's, recitations.
PRETEXTS CALLED FLIMSY
Republicans in Congress Consider
ing Inquiry Into Methods of
Creating Vacancies Kisk
Only One Example.
WASHINGTON. July 6. (Special.)
Alleging that a systematic campaign is
under way In the Postofflce department
to remove RepuDltcan postmasters on
manufactured" charges of Inefficiency,
members of the minority party in Con
gress are considering an inquiry and a
resolution, to bring It about may be pre
sented in the Senate within a few days.
Members of Congress from several
Western states, particularly North and
South Dakota, have had their attention
called to reports that inspectors of the
Postoffice Department have been mak
ing hasty Inspection of the more Im
portant postoffices. and filing reports
reflecting on the official conduct of
postmasters. In some Instances these
charges are- trivial. In others. It is as
serted, they are without basis of fact.
RealgmatlOBai Are Requested.
In almost every case, however. It is
asserted, the reports have been followed
by a communication to the postmaster
from Postmaster-General Burleson In
forming him of the findings of the in
spectors and suggesting that he re
sign in order to avoid being removed
from office. ....
The case of Postmaster Fisk, of San
Francisco, whose resignation was de
anded by Mr. Burleson, Is cited as an
example. The postmasters of North and
South Dakota have appealed to their
Representatives in Congress, who have
advised them not to resign, but to force
the department to remove them if so de
termined.
Better Office. Moat Desired.
Reports from the Western states in
dicate that only those Republicans who
have a considerable part of their terms
yet to serve are the objects of attack.
In most cases, also, the offices which
pay from $2500 to $3000 or more are de
clared to be the ones subjected to the
inspector scrutiny.
Salem Chautauqua Crowd Big.
SALEM, Or.; June 6. (Special.) The
CONSPIRE AGAINST DOMESTIC HARMONY
The Ills of women seem to conspire
against domestic harmony. No hus
band can understand why a woman
should be continually ailing, fretful,
nervous and despondent, and he gets
out of all patience with her. In nine
cases out of ten some organic derange
ment Is the cause of this condition and
is easily overcome by Lydia E. Pink
ham's Vegetable Compound, a woman's
remedy for woman's Ills which has
cured more severe cases of this kind
than any other remedy we know.
DERBY DESKS
AH Grades for L.e Cash or Terms.
EL B. HALEY DESK CO.
208-210 Broadway- St.. Bet. Taylor
.Salmon. Main 5S7
and
Asylum Inmate Escapes.
SALEM, Or., July 6. (Special.)'
John E. Whlttenton,- 23 years af age, an
Inmate of the Insane asylum, while
working oh the farm today escaped. He
weighs 170 pounds, Mas brown hair and
eyes and was sent to the asylum from
Marion County, The man came to
Salem about one year ago and soon
after was adjudged insane. He would
never tell where he lived before mov
ing to this city. He is regarded as
harmless by the asylum management.
Xolan Family Holds Reunion.
VANCOUVER, Wash., July 6. (Spe
cial.) A reunion of the Nolan family
was held today at the home of Mr. and
Mrs. M. Trombley. There were 48 rela-
times and four generations present.
The oldest was Mrs. Mary .Nolan, 64,
and a boy nearly 2 years old repre
sented the fourth generation. A big
dinner was served.
Settlers Arranging Programme.
CENTRALIA. Wash., July 6. (Spe
cial.) The old settlers of Southwest
Washington are arranging a. pro
gramme for the annual old ' settlers
meeting to be held at Rochester In Au
gust. The event was to have been held
July 4, but was postponed on account
of the numerous celebrations held In
this vicinity.
' Lumbermen Back Up Dock Plan.
EUGENE. Or., July 6. 8peclal.)
The Willamette Valley section of the
West Coast Lumbermen's Association
which met here today, adopted reso
lutions for the public docks of the City
of Portland, holding that these will
aid greatly In the general development
of the whole valley.
Vancouver Chautauqua Opens
VAUCOUVER. Wash., July 6. (Spe
cial.) The Vancouver Chautauqua
opened today In th big tent pitched at
tendance was good.'
CHERRY FAIR IS SUCCESS
ALL OTHER SALEM .EVENTS ARE
SCR PASSED.
Financial Benefits Big and Portland
Rosarlans Highly Praised
by Residents.
SALEM. Or.. July 6. (Special.) It
was declared today that - this year's
Cherry Fair here was the most suc
cessful event of Its kind ever held
here and estimates of the money left
by the thousands of visitors run well
Into the the tens of thousands of dol
lars. As a result of the fair, mar.y visitors
have announced' they will locate here
and on farms In this part of the Wil
lamette Valley.
Salem residents are still talking of
the fine showing made yesterday by
the Portland Rosarians, who are given
credit for having materially aided in
making the fair a great success.
i, f rwTTgni 1 ' hi mi usinnn
Leading experts
throughout the
world favor cement
for sewer pipes.
Improve Portland's
sewer conditions by
boosting for
PORTLAND
GLAZED
CEMENT
SEWER PIPE
The Bank of Personal Service
Our thorough knowledge of the banking business
makes us confident we can satisfy you and our
proof lies in the many pleased customers who
daily send new accounts to us.
Merchants National Bank
Under Government Supervision
Founded 1886 Washington and Fourth Streets
CANADA LANDS
This will be one of Canada's great prosperity years. Immense crop
of all kinds of grain soon to be harvested. The Calgary District is the
greatest country on earth for mixed farming and wheat raising. We
own and offer for sale tracts of from 160 acres up. suited to dairying,
mixed farming and grain farming. You can buy either as an Invest
ment or for settlement and on reasonable terms at 6 per cent. Good
agents wanted everywhere. Write us today.
CALGARY COLONIZATION COMPANY, Ltd.
CALGARY, ALBERTA, CANADA.
The Oldest and Largest Land Company In Alberta.
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