Morning Oregonian., June 14, 1913, Page 8, Image 8

8
THE J1 U It J 1 ; Ult I A N . SATURDAY, .TUK lHia.
ruromt
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PORTLAND, SATURDAY, Jl N E 14, 191S.
years, and may assign his land, sub
ject to the lien, after two years.
The operation of this law will be
watched with a great deal of interest
and if it works out at all satisfac
torily, perhaps the next Oregon Legis
lature may be able to pass an act of
the same import with such added fea
tures as its actual workings in "Wash
ington may suggest. Anyhow this law
is a step in the right direction.
FREE POSTAGE FOR THE LOBBY.
Comparison of the testimony ob
tained by the Senate lobby Investigat
ing committee Friday with the defini
tion in standard dictionaries, forces
the conclusion that certain "Insidious"
lobbyists have been uncovered. Sly,
crafty, wily, which correspond In
meaning to Insidious, was the work of
the sugar representatives. They oper
ated on the theory that public senti
ment would have great Influence on
Congress and succeeded In obtaining
Government aid In the effort to manu
facture public sentiment. The really
reprehensible feature, of the procedure
was the abuse of the postoffice frank
lng privilege.
The representative of the beet sugar
industry, which desires that a tariff
shall be retained on sugar .prepared an
argument. An obliging Senator ob
tained an order declaring the argument
a public document. It was then pos
Bible for the beet sugar representa
tive to have as many copies of the
argument as he desired for dlstribu
tion printed at low cost to himself at
the Government printing office, while
the frank of the obliging Senator car
ried the "public document" to the
people free of postage cost. The beet
sugar men not only saved $28,000 in
stamps, but succeeded In giving their
argument what would seem to the un
informed to be a weighty indorsement.
Not to be outdone, the Federal
Sugar Refining Company, which wants
free sugar, prepared its argument, ob
tained through the aid of another
obliging Senator a. publio document or
der and also flooded the country post
age free with its literature.
But it appears the crafty plan did not
end there. The beet sugar interests
were dissatisfied -with the Govern
ment's printing In black and white of
certain charts illustrative of the sugar
industry, so the charts were reprinted
at a private publisher's and substi
tuted for the real Government docu
ment and sent out under postofflce
frank. It is also indicated that one
order covering a document was forged
The Senate records do not disclose
that the publication was ever made a
public document.
Even though the Senate committee
sees in these facts little justification of
the charge that Congress is lobby
ridden, it at least has developed sound
justification for curtailment of the
franking privilege. Information that
this courtesy to Senators and Repre
sentatlves Is grossly abused is not new
Manipulation of the franking prlvi
lege extends into campaigns for pollt
leal preferment as well as into lobby
ing by special interests. We but re
cently in Oregon had illustration of
the opportunity it offers for a Senator
seeking re-election to evade the ex
penditure limitations of the state cor
rupt practices act and acquire advan
tage over candidates who must buy
stamps for circulating their literature
The postofflce frank supplies one of
the obstacles to a self-sustaining Gov
ernment department and bears no
small part in the postponement of re
duction in letter postage. Its reform
would be one aid to getting rid of the
insidious lobbyist.
GOOD CROPS ASSURE PROSPERITY.
With reasonable assurance of a
good grain crop, -which will sell at re
munerative prices in the world's mar
kets, the Pacific Northwest can safely
smile at croakers and can be compara
tively indifferent to tariff-makers.
With a crop of the three principal
cereals only slightly less in quantity
than that of last year, and worth an
aggregate of $57,450,000, prosperity
will remain with us another year, and
comfortable balance -will be carried
over to next year.
The slight decrease in the esti
mated yield at wheat and barley as
compared with last year is a favor
able rather than an unfavorable sign.
for It is mainly, if not entirely, due to
decreased acreage, not to decreased
yield per acre. That implies that
farmers are diversifying their crops.
and are thus broadening the base of
prosperity for this section. A farmer
who divides his land among several
crops and adds hogs, cattle or sheep
to his product Is not putting all his
eggs in one basket, as does the one
crop farmer. A big yield in one direc
tion compensates for a small one in
another, so that net loss is next to
Impossible.
Prosperity will naturally spread
from the farms to the cities and towns
through all the arteries of trade. The
commerce of Portland will be swollen
by the many cargoes of flour and
wheat which will go from this city
and by the purchases of machinery
and supplies which the farmer will
make. Timely rain and sunshine thus
bring their blessings to the merchant,
exporter and manufacturer as well as
to him who cultivates the soil.
would be engrafted upon and worked
In harmony with the general banking
system.
A COMMKRCTALIZED DEXXSION.
That Dr. Friedmann and his asso
ciates are fostering a delusion in or
der that they may make money out of
the false hopes of tuberculosis suf
ferers is the fairest conclusion to be
drawn from an analysis of the first
eighteen cases treated with the 'vac
cine in this country, which has been
made by Dr. George Mannheimer. As
published in the Medical Record, Dr.
Mannheimer's findings of fact are
summed up in the following paragraph:
In not a single one of these cases was
there definite Improvement to the date at
tributed to the vaccine. In some, the dis
ease has progressed unchecked. In no in
stance did the temperature return to nor
mal. Five of the 18 developed abscesses, tour
of them small and one large. I cannot de
termine whether the vaccine hastened the
progress of the disease where it occurred.
Dr. Rambaud, director of the Fried
mann Institute, says that criticism of
the institute is due to misunderstand
ing of its policy, but he has had ample
time to make it understood, by the
medical profession at least. The en
tire method of exploiting the alleged
Friedmann cure laid it open to sus
picion, and its failure in the test cases
selected and treated by Dr. Friedmann
himself confirms this suspicion. If
the vaccine had been the boon it was
represented to be, it should have been
given free to mankind, as have been
former medical discoveries. Its com
mercialization justified the most rigid
investigation of the claims made for
it. Its failure lays its promoters open
to the charge of fostering and com
mercializing delusions of the world's
unfortunates that there is hope where
no hope is to be found.
Anything said on behalf of men so
sordid is subject to enormous discount
and anything said against them should
receive the closest attention. Dr.
Friedmann himself is to blame if the
judgment thus reached be unfair to
him.
AN OVERLOOKED CAUSE OF VICE.
The recent inquiries into the rela
tion between low wages and vice have
revealed many startling facts about
women and their habits of life, but
very little has come to light about
men. Are their wages, as a- rule,
high enough to enable. them to marry
and bring up a family decently? This
question has not been raised until
lately. Now the Illinois Vice Com
mission is taking it up and we may
expect interesting disclosures.
The other day the Lieutenant-Governor
of Missouri told one of the girl
witnesses in a vice investigation that
her proper place was the home. She
had no business to work in a factory,
but she ought to get married and oc
cupy herself with her house and -children.
The Lieutenant-Governor had
no doubt a sound philosophy, but he
overlooked one important question.
Before making his mandate positive
he ought to have inquired whether it
was possible for the girl to find a hus
band. Admitting that it was her duty
to go out into the hedges and high
ways and look for one, there is still a
doubt if she could find him.
Everybody will admit that if all the
Women in the country had husbands
and good homes it would be their duty
to attend to them. And if that were
done the vice problem would vanish
without any further effort, or the
worst part of it would. But this
brings us back to the starting point.
Do workingmen as a rule get pay
enough to support a happy wife and
family in a good home? If they do
not, how idle it is to commend girls to
look up husbands. We might as well
tell them to pick up gold dollars on
the street.
More than is commonly supposed
of the modern decline in the birth rate
and many of the evils of bachelorhood
prostitution and wife desertion may be
traced back to poor pay. A man in
comfortable circumstances naturally
prefers to have a wife and home. His
decent pride prompts him to maintain
his family suitably. He prefers to
stand well in his community and be a
man among men. But if he gets only
a beggarly wage, he cannot live like
an American citizen. Investigation of
this subject ought to be profitable.
We may talk as much as we like of
the spiritual aspects of the family,
but its real basis is economic, and
when the material means to support
it fail the family Itself must fail.
We may therefore see in the modern
drama and its Insistence upon the
rights of the toilers the determina
tion of the Life Force itself that the
human race shall not pass into lower
stages of existence. In other words,
the drama simply repeats the edict of
biology that those who do the work
of the world shall be adequately nour
ished and sheltered, in order that they
may keep the world nobly populated.
On the other hand the drama's in
sistence upon the relations of the
sexes must be interpreted as an ex
pression of the, will of the Life Force
to produce a better race. To this end
we need not only, adequate food and
shelter, but adequate institutions too.
especially an adequate family. So we
see that the modern drama, in spite of
all its attacks upon things as they
are, is really constructive and It is
doing its constructive work mainly by
dragging into the light problems
which society has agreed for thou
sands of years to ignore. It has
broken the old conspiracy of silence.
which has done more than anything
else to perpetuate the reign of evil.
It has boldly denied the pessimistic
cry that ''these problems cannot be
solved" and forced the thought of the
world to undertake their solution. No
doubt it has done its best work in the
realm of the sexual relation, that
kingdom of darkness where silence
has so long betrayed youth and beauty
to death. As long as we consent to
sit speechless before the miseries that
haunt us we are spiritual slaves. As
soon as we learn to speak out boldly
we are on the road to freedom. The
modern drama has unchained our
tongues.
SUGAR l M'KINLKY
Raw Commodity Was
Ol R IXMJG ED -OFF LAND PROBLEM.
The logged-off or cut-over lands of
Western Oregon and Western Wash
ington are possibly the greatest of all
hindrances to the development of the
two states, and any step towards put
ting these lands into the possession
of settlers, and thus getting this large
area of unproductive soil into a state
of production, is a great stride for
ward. It must first be understood
that these lands are generally com
posed of the best soil in our states. It
is soil upon twenty to forty acres of
which an intelligent, frugal and in
dustrious husbandman could not only
make a good living for himself and
family, but could accumulate in a
very short term of years a compe
tency. Just how to get these lands cleared
at a reasonable cost has taxed the in
genuity of some of the clearest think
ers in the states named. Char-pitting,
the use of powder, the donkey-engine
stump-puller some headway has been
made in each direction, but not
enough to induce incoming settlers, or
our own land-hungry population, to
take active possession and go to mak
ing homes upon them.
There has just gono into effect in
Washington a law framed for the pur
pose of testing a new method, the es
sence of which was given in these col
umns a few days ago. In effect it is
an adaptation of the irrigation and
drainage district systems in use in
some of the arid sections of the West
These districts, to be formed primarily
for the purpose of reclaiming logged
off lands, are in a measure in charge
of the County Commissioners, who are
authorized to create such districts and
then call an election to choose three
Agricultural Development Commis
sioners and at the same time authorize
the issuance of twenty-year bonds up
to 5 per cent of the assessed valuation
of all the lands in the district.
These commissioners will have the
power to purchase or otherwise ac
quire any undeveloped agricultural
lands within their district for the pur
pose of improving and fitting them for
productive use at a price not to ex
ceed $20 an acre for logged-off lands
and $25 for arid lands, but no lands
shall be cleared when the estimate
exceeds $100 per acre.
There are several r.-tther ambiguous
clauses in the draft of the law as we
have seen it, but the feature that ap--seals
to us as of great value is this:
ny settler wishing to have his land
beared, up to twenty acres, may do It
Vjimself and collect pay for it and then
have twenty years to repay the money.
Or he may pay the amount after three
SCHEME OF FARMERS' BANKS.
A definite plan for establishing a
system of farmers' banks was laid be
fore the recent Indiana Conference on
Agricultural and Country Life by
George Woodruff. It has the merits
of making a system of farm credit one
feature of a general reform of the
National banking and currency sys
tem; of developing the farm credit
system gradually with the minimum of
governmental interference and the
maximum of self-help ; and of aiming
at the final establishment of a system
of farmers' co-operative banks as a
part of our National and state bank
ing system.
Mr. Woodruff would have us begin
immediately by enlarging the facilities
of our present banks for the extension
of personal credit to farmers. Flexi
bility is necessary to this purpose, but
can be brought about only by a Na
tional banking system which hinds all
independent banks into a National or
ganization . with re-discount facilities.
The farmers bank in a rural town
could then safely make loans with
confidence in its ability to discount
notes with the central agency. A
regular flow of money from the bank
ing centers to small communities at
seedtime and harvest -would then be
created, with a return flow when crops
were harvested. Each state could fol
low up this National law by establish
ing local and farmers' banks and state
central farmers' banks, the latter co
operatively owned by the individual
farmers' banks, and exercising the
same functions within their territory
as the National organization would
exercise in the country at large, and
thus gradually concentrate agricul
tural funds for the development of
agricultural credit.
Mr. Woodruff would then develop
agricultural mortgage credit, at first
by creating joint stock mortgage
banks, and as the farmers became fa
miliar with the system in practice, by
establishing co-operative mortgage
banks. He suggests that each state
pass a law authorizing such banks on
the same lines as the present state
banks. Their power would be limited
to lending money on long-time amor
tization mortgages and to the sale of
bonds secured by these mortgages. He
would cap this structure with a Na
tional mortgage bank, which would
become a central bank for the state
institutions of the same kind, accept
ing mortgages from them and Issuing
bonds based thereon. As these bonds
would acquire a universal market
value, they would be salable through
out the world.
The plan bears a family resem
blance to the French and German
systems, but is adapted to the Amer
ican people in giving the widest scope
to individual self-help with the mini
mum of paternalism. It would stim
ulate better farming by developing the
now dormant credit of farmers and by
supplying them with capital at more
moderate rates of Interest than they
WHAT THE DRAMA HAS DONE.
A friendly reader of The Oregonian,
writing not for publication, asks a
question about an editorial which ap
peared in Mas. It contained this sen
tence: "The drama has already begun
the work of bringing us face to face
with problems that must be solved be.
fore humanity is free in spirit as well
as in body." The question asked is,
"What was referred to in this sen
tence?" We shall be better able to
answer It if we consider first what
problems are treated by modern dram
atists such as Hauptmann, Ibsen, Shaw
and Brleux. To begin with, Haupt
mann. In his stronger plays he takes
up the question of the relation between
the wage earner and society. This ap
pears in the "Weavers," "Before Sun
rise" and even in "The Sunken Bell."
The last play presents the wage earner
as a master-founder whose work
scarcely falls below fine art, but in his
case Just as in that of the poor Silesian
weavers and the coal miners of "Be
fore Sunrise," the argument pertains
to their duties and the rewards which
they ought to receive. This is the
warp and woof of Hauptmann's
thought. He evidently feels that it
is fundamental and its solution worthy
of the best efforts of a man of genius.
Ibsen on the other hand has little
to say about the wage-earner. His
heroes are chosen from the profes
sional and salaried class. We find
among them such men as Professor
Tesman, Dr. Stockmann, Pastor Man
ders and Helmer the banker. His
women are either securely settled in
matrimony or else they are living by
their wits like Mrs. Elvsted and Re
becca West. We do not think of
them as belonging in either case to
the working class as that term is
commonly understood. The problems
which Ibsen discusses arise from the
station in life of his characters. They
pertain to the respective rights and
duties of husband and wife, the effect
of parental vice upon children, the
relation between the individual and
the community he lives In. The lat
ter subject comes to the front In such
plays as "Pillars of Society" and "An
Enemy of Society." The former are
taken up in "The Doll's House" and
"Ghosts," as well as In the "Master
Builder." We do not mean to say
that the main purpose of Ibsen's plays
Is to discuss these topics or any others
like a professor writing a scientific
treatise, but he made the dramatic in
terest depend upon the conflicts
growing out of them, and this is
where his genius is unique.
Bernard Shaw takes for the basis
of "Man and Superman," his most In
teresting work, the cross-purposes at
play between the individual and what
he calls the Life Force. Sexual love is
presented, somewhat flippantly per
haps, as a device of the invincible
Life Force to bend the individual to
its will. Its energy is so great as to
blight his happiness and often destroy
him, but the ultimate object of the
world is attained, no matter at what
cost, and in ways which we cannot
comprehend the Superman is being
evolved. In protean forms this theme
pervades most of Shaw's plays. It
comes out in Mrs. Warren, in "Wld.
ower's Houses," in "Candide" and in
"Getting Married," though many
others are intermingled, especially
the one which fascinates Hauptmann,
that of the worker and his wage. To
Shaw the Institution of marriage
seems as often to thwart as to further
the propagation of a better race, and
most of the social criticism in his
writings is made to play upon it.
Brleux, In the plays which count
sociologically, pushes farther than any
of the others into the intimacies of
matrimony. He is far more plain
spoken than Ibsen even in "Ghosts,"
though of course not more heart
rending. Ibsen directs his fire
against the psychological sins of mod
ern marriage, Brieux against the
physical sins. Nor must we forget his
penetrating Interest In the same wage
question which gives Hauptmann and
Shaw no rest. The "Femme Seul"
mingles the difficulties of marriage
and wage-earning in a pessimistic plot
showing how the specter of hunger
makes workmen themselves unjust to
women even as the lust of wealth and
power makes capital unjust to wage
earners. It may surprise us at first
to see how Intimately the wage ques
tion and the sexual relation are com
bined in the modern drama. But aft
er a moment's reflection we perceive
that it is perfectly natural, since they
present at bottom the same problem.
The struggle for a living wage is
nothing else than the struggle for lib
erty to live a normal human life and
Regulation of lobbying is suggested
by the Boston Transcript as the best
way for Congress to dispose of the
charges that Improper influence has
been used upon its members. The
Massachusetts law recognizes lobby
ists, holds them accountable and com
pels them to work in the open. Some
additions to the rules of Senate and
House regulating the manner of pre
senting arguments for and against
legislation should suffice. A man
should be required to present his case
in the same way to all who will be
required to vote upon it, not make
promises to one, threats to another
and perhaps give a dinner to a third
He should come out openly and say
who he is and whom he represents
When lobbying Is thus relieved of
suspicion that it is corrupt more hon
orable men 'will be willing to appear
before committees of Congress and
those bodies will get more light on th
subjects upon which they deliberate
The new Dillingham Immigration
bill is criticised by the Springfield
Republican as leaving "untouched
immigration from the countries which
contributed the bulk of the popula
tion" and as "checking severely the
newcomers who have no great mass o
compatriots in the United States." It
cites the population per square mile
of various countries to show that we
have room for more, while other na
tions need more room, and it su
gests the need of better distribution of
immigrants. That is the heart of th
aimcuity. We have abundant room
for more people, but, left to them
selves, immigrants too generally go
where there is already a crowd to the
cities Instead of going where there is
room to the country. They need
guidance. The situation annually pre
sented of the West crying for harves
hands while hundreds of thousands of
hardy European peasants swelter in
city tenements is absurd.
Lewis C. Green, a banker of Nor
walk. Conn., while standing beside the
track, was thrown down by the wind
created by a Pennsylvania Railroad
train traveling at the rate of ninety
feet a second at Elizabeth, N. J., an
was killed. His relatives sued for
damages, but the New Jersey Suprem
Court holds that he was at fault for
standing within three feet of a trai
traveling at such speed, for he must
have known that it would cause a vio
lent wind.
Since the Governor, the Municipal
Judge, the City Council and nobody
knows how many more can pardo
criminals, the offender who does not
get out of Jail must be a mere nobody.
TARIFF BILL
on Free List
Bounty Offered Producers.
COBURG. Or., June 13. (To the Edi
tor.) In re the comment on the Derao-
ratlc tariff, pardon a remark or two.
In place of putting sugar on the free
list, did not instead the McKinley bill
ut a bounty on sugar giving it sufft-
ient protection? What the reason was
or changing to bounty I have never
understood, but it Is evident the Mc
Kinley bill, whatever its faults, was a
consistent one on the theory of pro-
ection. It aimed to protect all alike.
McKinley was a large-hearted and pa-
riotic man, too broad-minded to give
way to a system of special favors or
ectional advantage, which has been
the fault" of many tariff measures be-
ore and since. The West, It seems to
me. Is getting nit hard. The lowering
on manufactured products will far from
make up for the loss on competition in
Western products. REPUBLICAN.
The McKinley bill placed raw sugar
on the free list and reduced the duty
on refined sugar to half a cent a
pound. The reason given by the ma-
ority of the ways and means commit
ee, of -which McKinley was chairman.
was that protection had failed to de
velop the home production of sugar
beyond one-eighth of our consumption.
It therefore held the duty to be a
revenue tax. In the hope of developing
the beet sugar industry after protec
tion had failed to expand cane sugar
production, the McKinley bill provided
bounties on sugar produdctlon in the
United States. This, too, failed to de
velop home production sufficiently to
Justify its existence. The Wilson bill
of 1S94 repealed the bounty and re
stored the tariff. The Dingley and
Payne-Aldrlch bills continued the tar
iff. Under this continued stimulus, out
of our total supply in tha year 1912t
aggregating 3,504,182 tons, only 257,194
was domestic cane sugar, 516,851 was
domestic beet and 15,155 tons was maple
and molasses.
Experience under the McKinley tariff
has proved that the consumer gets the
full benefit of the reduction in duty
in the shape of a reduction in price on
all the sugar we consume. We have
therefore been paying taxes on 3,504,-
182 tons of sugar In order that we
might enjoy the luxury of producing
789,200 tons. McKinley held free sugar
to be fully consistent with the policy
of protection, for in the report of
the ways and means committee of 1890
he said:
So large a portion of sugar is imported
that the home production of sugar does
not materially affect the price and the duty
Is therefore a tax which is added to the
price not only of the Imported but of the
domestic product, which is not tT-ue of
the duties Imposed on articles produced
made here substantially to the extent
of our wants.
That is the true Republican doc
trine, from which the Republican party
departed in 1897 and 1909. For that de
parture the people punished the party
in 1910 and 1912.
The West Indeed is hit hard by the
Underwood tariff but free sugar would
be vastly to the advantage of the Pa
clflc Coast- By giving up cheap sugar
it would develop the canning Industry
and the manufacture of jam and Jelly
from our surplus fruit. While not for
getting the many grievous wrongs to
be done us by the Underwood tariff, let
us get what good we can out of it. Free
sugar will do us good.
9TTPPR.KSSIOJf OF FACTS IS TJJTWISE
Invent fixation a Reveal Sham and Tinsel
of Commercialized Vice.
PORTLAND. June 13. (To the Edi
tor.) The basic error In J. Hennessy
Murphy's letter condemning the spread
of facts regarding commercialized vice
in American cities, is that knowledge
can ever be prurient or obscene. Truth
is by nature never vicious. The impur
ity we may imagine is there, exists
only in the minds of those persons who
declare they see eviL Mr. Murphy's
contention is on a par with the old
idea, now gradually fading into
oblivion, that physiological knowledge
of the science of procreation can be
obscene. The truth is, physiological
knowledge is one of the greatest safe
guards insuring well-being. w ny
should sociological knowledge not be
regarded in the same light? In fact
it is so regarded by all persons with
a sane and wholesome outlook on life.
Mr. Murphy's views are about as en
lightened as those of the bigots who
suppressed the works of Linnaeus, the
great Swedish botanist, because he de
clared there is sex in plants.
Mr. Murphy need have no fear of
the effect that vice investigations will
have on the young. They should be
informed, at a proper age when they
naturally begin to notice and inquire,
by persons for whom they have a feel
ing of respect and in whom they have
confidence, as to the inevitable and
horrible effects of our system of com
mercialized vice. The young man or
woman who knows that its outward
glitter and tinsel is mere sham is in
much less donirer of falling a victim
than the Ignorant and unlnstructed
who are misled by a false glare of daz
zling allurement. Inculcate a proper
sense of the Inestimable value, dignity
and beauty of the human body in its
health and strength, show how the
terrific conditions of commercialized
vice will utterly destroy all that is
good in body and mind, and you have
set up the best possible defense against
the invasion of evil.
Despite quotations from Mr. Murpyh's
authority unnamed, the conviction is
gaining ground that the facts as to
how and why the social evil thrives
have been suppressed too long. Modern
free-minded, self-reliant men and
women demand the truth. Knowledge
is the first requisite in effecting a cure.
We do not fear to face the facts,
grapple with the problem and bring
about an ultimate solution.
P. J. M CABE.
Half a Century Ago
A Spokane man with $50,000 in his
pockets Is reported missing. As he
had just received the wealth as his
share of an Eastern estate, perhaps
he wants to vanish for a while.
A Forest Grove lad of 16 who was
shot in the hip refuses to tell how it
happened. Packing a gun in the hip
pocket leads to serious trouble at
times.
The wonder is that more people are
not injured during these festal days.
Strain on drivers must be greater
than on pedestrians who dodge them.
A NEW TYPE OF LOCOMOTIVE
Steam Flows Direct Into the Cyllndera
of System Invented In England.
Engineering News.
A locomotive with the Stumpf sys
tern of cylinders and valves for direct
now of steam has been built for the
Northeastern Railway, England, and is
an interesting novelty in locomotive
design, although a few locomotives of
this type are in use In other European
countries.
In the Northeastern Railway engine
the cylinders are 20 inches diameter
and 4 feet 8 Inches long, with a stroke
of 26 Inches. The exhaust ports are
a series of holes drilled round the
cylinder walls and leading into an an
nular exhaust chamber. The piston
fills approximately half of the cylinder
volume. In fact, at the end of each
stroke one or the other of Its edges is
Just clearing the ring of exhaust ports
and allowing exhaust to take place.
In this way each half of the cyllndei
volume has to deal with the steam
from only one inlet port, and as the
total area of the exhaust port is large,
the period of exhaust extends from
short time before the end of the stroke
until a short time after. The bulk of
the one stroke is thus occupied with
the admission and expansion, and the
bulk of the other with the compres
sion of the steam. In general, the
period of exhaust covers ten per cent
of the stroke each way, so that ad
mission and expansion occupy 90 per
cent of the stroke In one direction and
compression 90 per cent of the stroke
In the other direction.
The pistons are hollow castings,
with spring rings at each end. The
admission of steam is controlled by
piston valves operated by Walschaerts
valve gear. The valves have inside
admission ; their maximum travel is
Inches and their exhaust lap 1
Inches. When the engine is running
In full gear the valve ports provide
an auxiliary exhaust, but when the
engine is notched up, this auxiliary
exhaust is closed and all the steam
escapes by way of the central ring
of porta
From The Oregonian of June 15. 1S63.
Griffin, the murderer of Shane, was
hung in Lafayette on Tuesday, June 9.
The scaffold was erected in a small
prairie about half a mile from the Jail.
Mountain Rangers. The officers of
this company have received their com
missions and the organization is now
perfected. The following are the com
missioned officers: Hon. D. Applegate,
captain; James Thornton, first lieu
tenant; Christian K. Blake, second lieutenant.
New York. June 7. The Times' spe
cial dispatch from the Army of the
Potomac says that our crossing of the
Rappahannock was very unexpected to
the rebels. Our pontoons were laid at
Franklin, one mile below Fredericks
burg. St, Paul. Minn.. June 8. An expedi
tion will soon move against the hostile
Indians of the NorthwesL The sup
posed destination is Devil's Lake, where
the Indians are gathering. The expedi
tion will act in concert with that of
General Cook, which is moving from
Sioux City, la.
Commissioners Hale and Howe ar
rived in this city on Saturday evening
from the scenes of the treaty Just con
cluded with the Nez Perces Indians.
They were accompanied by Lawyer and
Captain John, Nez Perces chiefs, who
visited our office last evening to see
the power pres3 In operation and ex
pressed no little astonishment at the
process of running paper through.
J. M. Shepherd is running an express
line from Walla Walla to Auburn, John
Day, Boise mines, connecting with
Wells, Fargo & Co.
The drama of "Alice on the Mys
teries." from Bulwer's novel of Erne?t
Maltravers, was presented to a large
audience on Saturday evening.
The candidates for delegate from
Washington Territory have gone down
the Sound, speaking at different places
on the way.
TEACHING THE LITTLE MOTHERS
Phlladelphla'a Baby Show an Educator
for Future Mammas.
Philadelphia North American.
Fifty "little mothers" In gingham
dresses sat in a group about their
teacher in a remarkable outdoor class
in a courtyard at the rear of 1720
Race street.
"How many little girls here take cr.re
of baby brother or baby sister for
mother sometimes?" asked the "teacher."
Fifty little hands went up and fifty
hair ribbons bobbed in time to the an
swer. "I do! I do!"
Little mothers, all of them, and the
oldest was not quite 10. The fifty little
girls were taught how to sew and dress
babies in a daily afternoon class which
was a feature of the Baby Saving Show
of the Child Hygiene Association of
Philadelphia, which just closed a two
weeks exhibition at 1720 Race street
formerly the Cathollo Home for Desti
tute Girls.
The teachers of the remarkable class
were Miss Gertrude Rhoads and Dr.
Mary Sallom, who were in charge or
the show.
Oh, why dldn t someone tell me
these things before?" was the cry of
more than one mother when she saw
the charts attributing the cause of
death to babies to unclean milk, im
proper feeding. patent medicines,
hereditary diseases or bad clothing.
That's why the Baby Saving Show In
its two weeks centered its efforts on
teaching the children, the little girls
who are the. mothers of tomorrow.
That's why the Child Hygiene Associa
tion, when the figures for the two
weeks showed that of the 11,000 visit
ors a large proportion were girls and
young women, felt' that the show had
been a marked success.
Among one day's visitors were 700
girls from the Girls' High School.
"These children all go home and tell
their mothers what they learn at the
show," said Miss Rhoads. "One day
last week we asked a class to tell
some reasons why they shouldn t give
babies patent medicines. 'Because they
have sleepiness In them, one tot re
plied."
The fire .bell that has done duty on
Fourth street for a generation will not
be missed. Nobody nowadays has time
to count the box and run to a Are.
Is President Wilson sending all the
writers on diplomatic missions so that
he can have the local literary field to
himself?
But what are we going to do for
writers with Wilson sending them
abroad at the rate of two or three a
week?
In bestowing honors upon Ameri
can writers Wood row Wilson should
not overlook Mrs. Wilson Woodrow.
Having received the reward that
comes to the faithful, Hon. Milt Miller
can retire from politics.
now pay
and on easier terms. It I enjoy the blessings of family love.
The weather folk were safe in pre
dicting showers for yesterday Friday,
the 13 th.
Brazil is encouraging Japanese im
migration. Sow the wind, reap the
storm.
Tariff and Reciprocity.
PORTLAND. June 13. (To the Edi
tor.) Your leading editorial today is
clear and convincing: but I cannot
understand why, holding such views.
you favored President Taft's Canadian
reciprocity treaty. Would not that
measure have produced the same re
sults you apprehended from the pas
sage of the Democratic tariff bill and
give the Canadian farmer the additional
advantage of "free" farm Implements?
This is not written In a carping or
critical spirit, but because I desire the
information. E. H. FLAGG.
When President Taft arranged to ad
mit Canadian farm productes duty-free,
he also arranged for reciprocal conces
sions from Canada. By putting grain
on the free list the Underwood bill
would open our markets to Canada
without securing to our farmers recip
rocal advantages in that country. The
reciprocity agreement would have ad
mitted our agricultural implements to
Canada at reduced duties, but it would
have given Canadian Implements cor
responding advantages In this country.
In short the Underwood bill gives Can
ada something for nothing, while tha
Taft reciprocity agreement gave Can
ada something for something.
The wetting was great for the crops
and did little harm to the Rose Fes
tival. .
Cherries are beginning to redden
and the strawberry must get out of the
way.
Is it the unfit that boost Vancou
ver's marriage license records?
A battle of roses Is the kind of war.
fare we like to see.
The horse easily bested the auto on
parade.
Twenty -five Years Ago
From The Oregonian of June 14. 1SS8.
WASHINGTON, June 14. Chairman
Landes, who reported today favorably
the bill appropriating $150,000 fur Dr.
A. de Bausset, of Chicago, for a steel
air and passenger ship, says that he
thinks it possible the doctor has solved
the problem of aerial navigation.
Port Townsend, June 13. The Grand
Lodge of Masons of Washington Terri
tory commenced their regular session
today, Joseph Smith, of Kalama, grand
master, presiding. The other officers
present were: M. S. Porter, deputy-
grand master; B. L Sharpstein, senior
grand warden; W. A. Fairweather,
Junior grand warden; B. Harned. treas
urer; Thomas M. Reed, secretary; H. M.
Eagan, chaplain; Thomas Amos, mar
shal; Fred Furth, grand orator; Charles
A. Johnson, standard-bearer; William
Farrell, lecturer; Alf A. Plummer,
senior deacon; Levi G. Shelton, junior
deacon; E. C. Ferguson, senior stew
ard: Jerome Ely, junior steward; D. H.
Mullen, tyler.
Salem, June 13. The graduating ex
ercises of the Conservatory of Music of
Willamette University took place this
morning. Diplomas were awarded to
Miss Kate Reynolds and Jessie Dalrym
ple of Salem and W. H. Bagley of Ben
ton County.
Tomorrow is Pioneer Day. All mem
bers of the association will meet at the
courthouse at 1 o'clock P. M. sharp
and the procession will be formed un
der the direction of George H. Durham,
grand marshal, assisted by Fred K.
Arnold. Thomas N. Strong, O. F. Pax
ton, W. B. Gilbert and R. B. Lawson
as aides.
Henry Weinhard sailed from - New
York for Germany on Wednesday.
The Masonic Grand Lodge has ac
cepted the invitation to lay the corner
stone of the Industrial Fair building
tomorrow.
TROUBLE WITH THE TELEPHONE
Berlin Lawyer Alleges Operators Play
Trlcka on Irate Subscribers.
Exchange.
Not so long ago, when the nlckel-ln-the-slot
telephone was quite com
mon in residences, a certain man got
good and even for all the mental tor
ture that the telephone had made him
suffer. After wrestling with the tele
phone for some minutes and getting
central, he dropped In his nickel. But
central failed to hear the bell ring
when the coin fell and wouldn't believe
he had let loose of it, and admonished
him, "Drop your nickel." This so an
gered the man that he seized an ax,
smashed that telephone off the wall
and threw it out into the street.
The Incident is recalled by the trial
of a Berlin lawyer named Pachter,
who Is alleged to have used abusive
language over the telephone to girl
operators when he could get no serv
ice. It should be noted that, like the
Kansas City man, he was using an un
usual type of Instrument. This was
the new telephone with no handle and
an automatic call. At the trial Doctor
Strauch, a mental specialist, testified
that this type of Instrument was apt
to disturb the mental balance of peo
ple with very placid temperaments.
Doctor Stauch mentioned the case of
a Burgeon widely known lp Berlin who
had been driven Insane owine to exas
peratlon over the telephone since the
introduction of the automatic calL
The accused lawyer produced evl
aence that the Berlin girl operators
played tricks on subscribers. For ex
ample, it was declared that the girls
connected togetner and called up all
the people in the telephone directory
named Schmidt, shrieking with laugh
ter at the bombardment of replies,
"This Is Schmidt," which came from
all directions.
Scholarships for Merit.
London Telegraph.
The British Government is planning
to provide scholarships that will make
possible a university education for
every boy and girl attaining a certain
standard.
The Hottest and the eoldeat State.
Farm and Fireside.
From weather bureau data covering
a period of 14 years, it has been discov
ered that the average temperature of
the United States is 52.9 degrees Fah
renheit, and the annual amount of rain
fall is 1308 cubic miles.
The state of Arizona had the lowest
amount of 'annual precipitation, 5.8
inches, of any state during the 14 years
which extended from 1891 to 1904 in
clusive. Alabama had the greatest
amount of rainfall, 71.6 Inches.
The state having the lowest average
temperature waa North Dakota, 35.5
degrees. Florida had the highest tern
perature, 71.8 degrees.
Faith and Engrenlca.
PORTLAND, June 13. (To the Edi
tor.) Referring to editorial in The
Oregonian entitled "Eugenics and the
Clergy, some who write fluently on
the subject of eugenics should be able
to tell what the "Prince of Courtesy'
wrote, when, to save from shame and
death, he touched the earth with his
finger in the presence of one who had
committed adultery. Though he knew
no sin. he went sorrowing with ub as
far as Golgotha. He will even more
certainly return with us as near as
the new Jerusalem. "Common sense"
is better than word-chopping, but slm
pie faith is better than both, If that
faith be well founded.
Among ordinary folks prudence and
obedience are the best guides to con
duct. If we follow the best light we
have we may be sure there is one who
is mighty to save, both In this world
and In the world to come.
"GENTLE READER."
Painting From Memory.
London Tit-Bits.
The walls of the Brighton (England)
workhouse are adorned with water
color drawings by a former inmate;
Claude Cooper. The works are well
executed, and for the most part repre
sent Sussex scenery. Cooper, who is
about 60 years old, has done them all
from memory. He recently received
grant from the Artists' Society.
Special Features
for Sunday
Rose Festival Pictures Five
full pages present a pictorial re
view of the Rose Festival. The
most beautiful entries in all the
parades are included. Not the
least interesting is a group of
pictures showing the throngs
that witnessed the pageants.
7000 Years Ago Incidents of
previous existence are recalled
in a remarkable excursion into
the realms of past centuries by
Dr. Charles Arym, of Chicago.
Are You An Ideal Wife?
Beauty isn't necessary, but the
good wife knows the value of
good looks, says an expert who
gives much good advice on the
topic.
Your Husband Are the po
lice looking for him? Laura
Jean Libbey writes on the dan
gers of marrying men - without
learning all about their past.
Why All These Roses? Clim
ate provides the principal rea
son that roses grow more pro
fusely in Portland than any
where on earth.
Park Baboon Prays Further
more, he goes through his weird
pranks unprompted, leading to
speculation on the subject of his
, conduct.
A Local Mermaid She is a
girl of 18 who frolics in modern
diving attire at the bottom of
the river. A page feature in
colors.
Theodore Roosevelt He con
tinues his story of his own life
with another chapter on past
legislatures.
Greater Things for the Farm
er A great new idea of im
mense value to the country is
gone into by the new Secretary
of Agriculture.
Brazos A short story of the
West by Edward L. Sabin.
Gibson Pictures The widow
wins new friends without losing
old ones.
MANY OTHER FEATURES
Order today of your newsdealer.