THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY. JUNE 9. 1913.
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FORTLA N D. MONDAY. JOE 9. 1913.
JUDGE OALLOAl"S DECISION.
We are unable to follow the reason
ing by which Judge Galloway declared
the Day law unconstitutional. This
act. which carried an emergency
clause, provides, in brief, that in the
event any acts passed by the Legisla
ture of 1913 are subjected to referen
dum, the vote thereon shall be had
at a special election, to be held In No
vember. 1913. An appropriation con
ditional on the holding of an election
is provided, but submission of initi
ated bills at the special election is
prohibited. Judge Galloway holds that
the law is special and restrictive be
cause of its denial of the right to sub
mit initiative measures at the special
election. He says further:
At the date of the passage of said act
there was no measure referred, there was no
exigency or cause for such act and no exist
ing conditions for such an act, and no de
mand for same. There was no authority for
appropriating $12,000 or any other sum, and
no cause tor proclaiming an emergency.
The initiative and referendum
amendment distinctly recognizes the
authority of the Legislature to call a
special election. It provides that "all
elections on measures referred to the
people of the state shall be had at the
biennial regular elections, except when
the Legislative Assembly shall order
a special election." This clause was
undoubtedly placed In the amendment
with the expectation that emergencies
would at times arise calling for a vote
by the people prior to the date of the
regular election.
The Day law is not "special" in re
spect to referendums on laws passed
by the Legislature because it involves
not any specific law, but all acts to
which the referendum power may be
applied. While It perhaps grants "spe
cial" consideration to referended bills
as distinguished from initiated bills, it
would seem, if this be unconstitutional,
that only the limitation is Invalid, and
that the remainder of the act should
stand.
The Day law, however, does not
place any restriction on the general
power of the people to initiate leg
islation at a general election. If the
law were sustained the people would
have authority to submit new laws
In 1914. If it were not sustained, they
would have exactly the same power.
The law can stand or fall without
abridging in the slightest particular
the right the people possess to submit
measures at the next biennial general
election.
While no exigency or cause for en
acting the Day law had arisen prior
to its passage, the same thing may
truly be said of an appropriation to
,'ombat bubonic plague. The Legis
lature has provided such an appro
priation when there was no bubonic
plague in Oregon. The use of the
money was made contingent on the
need of its expenditure for that pur
pose. Surely the courts are not au
thorized to say when an appropriation
is justified. The Legislature has cer
tain powers, exclusive of court review
which relate to the expediency of leg
islation not in conflict with the con
stitution. If the courts are to review
the merits of appropriations a new and
wide field for the exercise of their
authority is opened to them.
In connection with the Legislature's
exclusive authority it must be inferred
that Judge Galloway put, merely for
good measure, the statement in his
opinion that "no cause for proclaim
ing an emergency" existed. The Su
preine Court In more than one case,
and particularly In the case of Kad
derlv v. Portland (46 Or.. 149), has
declared that the necessity or expedl
enoy of putting laws into operation at
once through an emergency clause "Is
a question of fact, the existence of
which in either case is exclusively for
the determination of the Legislature
Also in the case of Biggs v. McBrlde
(17 Or., 6461. it has held that "the
fact of the existence of the emergency
is to be ascertained by the Legisla
ture. whose determination Is final and
not reviewable by the courts."
Time has demonstrated the expe
diency as a matter of fact of the en
actment of the special election law
R it Is finally sustained It will def
initely establish the enactment or
downfall twelve months earlier than
otherwise of some of the most 1m
portant legislation adopted at the last
session.
And such earlier consideration than
eighteen months hence is the sum
substance and purpose of the law. If
one object of the referendum Is to per
mit hold-ups of legislation by a very
small minority and against the will
of the majority, the Day act Is bad
law. If the purpose of the referen
dum is to sound the opinion of the
people on a doubtful Issue, no harm
can possibly be done by an act that
prevents postponement of a verdict.
Special referendum elections are the
logical outcome of direct legislation.
If they are unconstitutional they
ought to be made valid by amendment
In the Interest of the public peace,
health, safety and general welfare.
A constitutional amendment empow.
erlng the President to veto single Items
of appropriation bills has been pro
posed by Senator Nelson, of Minnesota.
Its Introduction was probably prompt
ed by the rider to the anti-trust appro
priation in the sundry civil bill. This
power, which is already possessed by
the Governors of many states, should
be given to the President, but It is
doubtful whether Congress will sub
mit It. Such a power would be fatal
to the great industry of logrolling,
whereby villages get useless public
buildings as the price of votes for cit
ies which really need buildings. Con
gress could only be Induced to submit
aich an amendment by irresistible
public demand and It would be im
possible to arousu the peopl:in its
TOKTLAND,
favor. As the Springfield Republican
says, it "has no more punch than a
lump of dough."
WHO WOI I.D GET THE BENEFIT.
In opposing the suggestion of the
New Tork Republican Club that the
exemption of coastwise vessels from
Panama Canal tolls be justified as the
payment of a subsidy, the New York
Times says that the proposal is to sub
sidize the wrong interest, namely, the
coastwise monopoly, and that, if the
proposal were that the exemption be
transferred from the carriers to the
freight, the movement would die a
natural death, as the coastwise mo
nopoly Is thinking only of Itself in de
manding exemption.
The "Wilson Administration is
pledged to destroy the coastwise ship
ping monopoly, with all other monop
olies. If it makes good, competition
will be restored and the operation of
the natural law of competition will
take away the so-called subsidy from
the carrier and give it to the freight
by reducing freight rates. That is the
working of the law of competition,
though its operation has been suspend
ed for so long a time that we have
almost forgotten how it operates.
Were the coastwise monopoly al
lowed to survive and were the Times
to have its wish through admission of
railroad-owned ships to the canal, the
toll exemption might add to tho ship
owners' profits, for there would be no
competition between rail and water.
The Interstate Commerce Commission
would have something to say about
that, however, in regulating rates.
But were railroad-owned ships exclud
ed from the canal, competition be
tween rail and water would soon re
duce water rates by the amount of the
toll.
Only monopoly such as rules the
waves along American shores can pre
vent the consumer from getting the
benefit of toll exemption. Then it must
be monopoly so far-reaching and all
powerful, including both rail and
water lines, that there Is no escape
from it. These are not healthy days
for monopoly, the only difference of
opinion among legislators and execu
tive being as to what weapons are
best to use against them.
THE COMING IMMIGRANTS.
The Western Labor Immigration
Conference called attention to one Im
portant phase of the immigration
problem which will confront the Pa
cific Coast when steamers coming di
rect from Europe begin landing im
migrants at our ports. Union labor
naturally fears that a flood of new
labor coming to and remaining in the
cities will have a depressing effect
on wages by glutting the labor mar
ket. It wishes to restrict immigration
in order to prevent an over-supply of
labor in the cities.
The desires of union labor are iden
tical with those of all other elements
of the population. We all wish to
avoid congestion of immigrants at the
centers of population, for we have
seen that on the Atlantic Coast, from
that cause, develop tenement-house
districts and slums and the abnormal
growth of the cities to the neglect of
the country. What wo most need is
the development of the country, the
bringing under cultivation of our vast
areas of unoccupied land. That re
quires distribution of Immigrants
through the West as soon as they ar
rive. It requires aid to them in find
ing farms, if they are able to buy
land, or farm-work, if they seek em
ployment for wages. The great ob
stacle to the development of the in
terior of the Pacific States, one of the
main causes of the disproportion be
tween urban and rural population, has
been the scarcity of farm labor.
Co-operation of the labor unions
with the State Board of Immigration
Commissioners will aid to accomplish
all purposes at the same time. By
discouraging Immigrants from remain
ing in the cities and by inducing them
to spread through the country, the two
organizations combined can prevent a
surplus of labor in the cities, which
would bring the new arrival into com
petition with the American workman.
We can at the same time prevent the
growth of the tenement districts. We
can also send into the rural districts
thousands of people who are sadly
needed and many of whom are skilled
from necessity in those arts of inten
sive agriculture for which we have so
promising a field.
Try as we may to discourage immi
gration from Southern Europe and to
encourage it from Northern Europe,
the great bulk of it will come from
the former region. The most direct
line of traffic will be from the Med
iterranean Sea to the Panama Canal.
That fact will decide the source of
most of the immigrants. Our part is
to welcome them, protect them from
sharks and swindlers, help them to
find work and homes and give them
education and training in citizenship.
They will prove good raw material
for making into Americans if we UO
our part. They will assimilate readily
if we give them a friendly rece-tion
and put the means in their way. It
is to the Interest of all elements to
join in this work.
REPLENISH THE BEEF SCT11.Y.
The great decrease in the supply of
cattle In the United States forces atten
tion to the finding of a means of re
plenishment. Placing of cattle and
meat on the free list will serve only as
a temporary check to the advancing
cost of meat, for the supply in the
foreign countries to which we must
look is drawn upon to an increasing
degree by other countries and is not
holding its own. The time is almost
in sight when Argentina, Australia,
Canada and Mexico will suffer from
the same depletion of supply as is al
ready felt in this country. We must
therefore trust to our own resources
to make good our present deficiencies.
By applying a combination of scientific
knowledge, practical experience and
good judgment, we may again raise
the livestock Industry to a position
where the annual increase will suf
fice for our annual consumption and
for enlarging our herds to keep pace
with our growing population. We may
go further In time, and raise a surplus
to feed other nations.
To do this requires recognition of
certain facts which are patent to every
observing man. One Is that the day
of the open range is almost past and
the cattle of the future will be bred
and raised on enclosed farms. The
transformation of the industry Is al
ready under way. It is waste of en
ergy to raise cattle of the common
range stock In this manner. The farmer-cattleman
must begin with thor
oughbred stock, which will put on
beef of good weight and quality to pay
the, cost of the animal and Its feed.
The rations must be so balanced as to
keep the animal growing without check
until it Is matured, to mature it for
marketing at as early an age as pos
sible and to sell it when the increase
in weight ceases to show a profit on the
cost of feed. Alfalfa should be com
bined with grain or with grass hay
and grain in order to show the largest
gain for each pound of feed. Toung
growing animals should be given a
portion of food roots, silage or green
feed, or fodder corn, alfalfa and roots
should be combined. All root crops
can be grown in the Pacific Northwest
and by intensive cultivation thirty to
sixty tons an acre may be produced.
It has been proved that corn will
grow in most parts of this section.
We can thus produce at home all the
elements which go to make beef.
As it is waste of money to grow cat
tle from scrubs, so is it waste to grow
corn or other crops from scrub seed.
The seed should be selected for its
germinating quality, just as cattle are
selected for their beef-making quali
ties. With liberal fertilization, careful
and painstaking cultivation and rota
tion of crops which will regularly
restore to the soil the properties which
have been taken out, the best seed
will give its maximum yield. The well
balanced ration will then produce its
maximum yield of beef and the
farmer-cattleman will reap his reward
In a profit which will make him rival
on a smaller scale the cattle kings of
the range who are now passing into
history.
WOMEN CAN HELP GREATLY.
That extension of suffrage to women
will bring about disappearance of the
social evil may well be doubted by
Ruth Vernon Wayne, who wrote a
most sane communication to The Ore
gonlan. But with the ballot women
can give help in doing that which man
seems to have been incapable of ac
complishing. They can do this by
bringing new issues into the choice
of public officials, thereby promoting
election of men and women who will
discard the old attitude of law and
society toward the relations of the
sexes an attitude which has been
productive of much evil and little
good. Such officials will deal with
the subject from a new viewpoint.
The first essential Is a single stand
ard of morals for both sexes on the
subject of chastity. When an impure
man is as completely a social outcast
as a fallen woman, ar.d when the
courts, police and prosecutors cease to
treat with leniency those who lead
girls astray, we shall have done much
to reduce the supply of women far the
white slave market. By discriminating
use of the ballot women can bring
about this change.
If the Federal white slave law wete
supplemented by each state with a
similar law and if every state would
act as vigorously as the Government
now does, many thousands would be
saved from becoming recruits to the
white slave army. No maudlin sym
pathy should be wasted on the white
slaver. He Is so depraved that fear
of punishment can alone restrain him;
so Inherently lazy that force alone can
make him work; and so inherently vi
cious that confinement alone can pre
vent indulgence in his vices. There
should be no parole, no indeterminate
sentence for him. He should be made
to realize by bitter experience that his
particular form of crime does not pay
from the cold, selfish standpoint,
which Is the only one he Is capable
of assuming. The work of preventing
the social evil should begin in the
school and at home with instruction
in sex hygiene. Toung men would
then go out into the world with a
different view- from that now in vogue
of their relation to the other sex, and
young women would be forewarned
against the wiles of the seducer and
against the consequences of yielding
to him.
While taking all these measures to
prevent recruiting of the ranks of the
prostitutes and of their patrons, we
can do much to rescue those who have
already fallen. For the women there
should be hospitals, where they may
be cured of disease; institutions where
they may learn useful occupations
and for the detention of the large pro
portion of mentally defective. When
a woman of the underworld is ar
rested she should not be fined and
turned loose to recoup the amount of
the fine by repeating the offense; she
should be sent to one of these insti
tutions and given the opportunity to
reform. After all these things have
been done and after the machinery
of prevention and rescue Is In full
operation, there will still be a resid
uum of both men and women who will
prove incorrigible. The best we can
do is to prevent them from spread
ing the moral and physical poison they
generate, in some such manner as that
adopted by the Scandinavian nations.
A great aid to prevention of
the social evil would be earlier
marriage than is now customary.
This subject is closely associated
with problems of wages and the
cost of living. Girls, by accepting
lower wages, have driven men out of
some occupations and reduced the
scale of wages for men in others. By
reducing men's ability to support
wives they have thus reduced their
own opportunity of marriage. This
condition is aggravated by the general
higher standard of comfort and lux
ury demanded by the present genera
tion. Young people confound what
they want with what they need and
are not content with a modest begin
ning of domestic life.
The problem of the social evil thus
reaches out in all directions until It
becomes involved with almost every
other problem, social, economic and
political, with which we have to deal.
We cannot expect to exterminate It
entirely, for, If we should, the human
race would have attained perfection
in all other respects as well as In this
one. But we can strive toward its
extermination, as every aspiring soul
sets before it perfection as the goal
at which it aims.
HOW TO MAKE THE MACHINE WORK.
The project of closer co-operation
between executive and legislative bod
ies and more direct personal responsi
bility for legislation has been taken up
and forcibly recommended by ex-Secretary
of War Stimson. He approves
the steps already taken by President
Wilson to get into closer touch with
Congress, hut he would go further. He
would give the President the right to
Introduce Into Congress an annual
budget, including proposals for the
necessary new legislation; he would
give the Cabinet the right to present
and defend on the floor of the houses
the portions of the budget pertaining
to their departments; he would pro
hibit Congress from adding Items to
the executive budget except with the
concurrence of the President; he
would give the President the right to
introduce bills which would have pref
erence over all except appropriation
bills; and, lastly, he would give the
Cabinet the right to appear before
Congress and discuss these and other
bills of general legislation.
Congress is too unwieldy a body to
accomplish anything except under
strong leadership. This should come
from the President, the direct repre
sentative of all the people, and his
chosen advisers, rather than from
heads of committees, which are little
under the public eye and are suscepti
ble to private influences. It would
.come better from the President and
his Cabinet, whose nances are in the
people's mouths and to whom the peo
ple give credit or blame for what Is
done by Congress.
With a budget backed by the Ad
ministration, we should have a sem
blance of order In our finances, and
with new legislation proposed by the
President, having right of way over
other bills and supported on the floor
by Cabinet ministers, we should have
the possibility of a consistent policy
running through both administration
and new legislation. Then the people
would be justified in dealing out praise
and blame to the Administration. As
business is now done, fairness re
quires that this be distributed among
a number of leaders and committee
chairmen whose names not one person
in a hundred can recall.
This scheme would be workable so
long as President. Senate and House
are all of one party. But if one or
both houses were of a different party
from the President, friction would be
only intensified and no more would be
accomplished than under the present
system. The final remedy would be a
non-partisan executive with a respon
sible ministry composed of the leaders
of the majority party In Congress.
That seems impossible without an en
tire reconstruction of the Constitution.
Senators Goff and Galllnger severely
criticised Governor Cox, of Ohio, for
his refusal to send troops to Cincinnati
during the recent streetcar men's
strike. Governor Cox replied In a let
ter to Senator Pomerene, which the
latter read to the Senate. This
shocked the Senatorial dignity not only
of Messrs. Goff and Galllnger, but of
Senator Stone, who could not "approve
of having any man outside the Sen
ate, through the intervention of a
Senator, make a speech in the Senate
criticising the utterances of a Sena
tor." Mr. Stone needs reminding that
there is something more important
than Senatorial prerogative, dignity or
any other of those abstractions with
which Senators endeavor to distin
guish themselves from common men.
That is the square deal. When a man
is attacked on the floor of the Senate,
he has a right to defense there by
means of a letter read by his Senator,
if he chooses that means. The Sena
tor who attacks a man and hides be
hind prerogative to escape reply is
lacking in manliness.
By making a treaty with Nicaragua
securing to the United States the sole
right to build a canal through the
former country the Wilson Adminis
tration has admitted the wisdom of
one of the acts of President Taft. This
action was probably prompted by re
ports that European capitalists were
seeking a concession for a Nicaragua
canal, which might have become a
dangerous competitor with Panama.
It is possible that at some future time
a canal might be cut through the
Isthmus of Tehuantepec and our Gov
ernment would do well to sew up that
route also.
Referring to the scheme for division
of California into two states, the
Rochester Post-Express says;
If South Cafaterla becomes a state, Cali
fornia can easily be renamed Central
Quick Lunch, and if that American syndi
cate succeeds In purchasing Lower California
from Mexico and makes a present of It to
the United States. It can be called South
western Dairy Kitchen.
The same idea applied generally
would give the boomers scope for
endless play of their Imaginations.
Perhaps If Mr. Taft, when Presi
dent, had known his way about the
Capitol there would have been a dif
ferent story to tell of his Administra
tion and of the election of 1912. His
successor is taking care not to repeat
his mistake. President Wilson's dan
ger is that he may err In the opposite
direction.
Boies Penrose, the well-known progres
sive statesman, has come out in favor of a
Senatorial primary in Pennsylvania, where.
It will be remembered, he has been working
for this reform with might and main for
many years. Boston Transcript.
He is only slightly behind that other
progressive statesman, William Flinn,
who placed a large money value on a
Senatorshlp.
Probably a circus never had a more
appreciative audience than that in
Salem last week, when many inmates
of the Asylum were guests of the
show. Pity should be extended the
clowns who had to perform before
such a critical audience.
The fatal prizefight at Calgary has
caused a demand for prohibition of
professional pugilism in Alberta. The
bruisers are being driven from one
state to another and may in a few
years be compelled to resort to the
Arctic regions.
A Wasco County man who raised
900 sacks of potatoes last year for
which he could not find sale has in
forty acres this season and is likely
to make enough on his crop to pay
good profit for both years.
Secretary Houston Is doing some
hatchet work In the Weather Bureau,
which is all right from the Demo
cratic point of view. The boys who
backed Willis Moore took the chance
and lost.
Not daunted by the difficulty of un
scrambling the eggs in the Harriman
merger, Attorney-General McReynolds
would like to attempt a second un
scrambling of the oil and tobacco
trusts.
Congress is deaf to the protests of
a mere American lobbyist, unless he
lives in the White House, but when a
foreign nation protests against the
Underwood tariff it gives quick atten
tion. Not the least attraction at the tri
ennial conclave at Denver in August
will be the grandstand made of Ore
gon fir, which masquerades under a
variety of names in the Eastern press.
If Congress does not hurry up with
the opening of Alaska, the volcanoes
will burn all the coal before we have
begun to mine it.
Rev. Jere Knode Cooke, with all his
loose ideas of the family relation, will
endeavor to correct the error.
Chicago had all kinds of weather to
tit its all kinds of people Saturday.
Nature has done her best,
is up to the people.
The rest
Smile, everybody
NERVES AND HIGH COST OF LIVING
Discontent and Indefinable Wants Wear
People to Expensive Eraxxle.
REDMOND, Or., June 7. (To the Edi
tor.) Perhaps it is not altogether up
to the trusts to explain the high living
question, although they may have much'
to io with it. There is a deeper cause
and it lies in the present high tension
of the people themselves. As the
whirligig of time flies round and round,
old things pass away and new condi
tions take their place. People change
in disposition as the years roll by, and
while this change trends to greater
charity and better education the
nervous system is becoming strung to a
tension that is dangerously near to
breaking.
In earlier days there was not the dis
content among the masses that exists
today. Xhe farmer tilled his fields year
in and year out in a steady, plodding
fashion. His children grew up in the
business without a dream of city life
and its many allurements. From the
old home on the prairies of Illinois
come the sweetest memories of the
writer's early recollections. The table
fare was plain but plentiful and the
clothes of the kids weren't of the store
variety, but we never thought of wor
rying about the style If it pleased
mother. The old sod fence around the
farm was the home limit and the nooks
and crannies close by in the grand sweep
of prairie that surrounded it con
stituted our foreign travel. When the
Summer day and our twilight romps
around the barnyard, where the stock
were resting, or around the house had
ended, the kids trundled off to bed and
to sleep. And oh, such sleep! So calm.
so sweet and so restful! Little wonder
that we never heard of such a word as
"nerve," didn't know what it meant.
But the tide of the years rolling on
has changed all that. The new conui
tions introduced have set the nerves of
the civilized world on edge and the old
restful feeling attendant on perfect
health has become diminished In the
makeup of the average human being
except he is a back number and not
according to Hoyle. And this nerve
nagged condition causes us to want
and want but we don't know for what.
Imagination runs riot when we are
trying to think of what we would like
for dinner and we forget to reckon the
cost if we can only get something to
satisfy that indefinite longing. It is
nerves all nerves and they cannot be
satisfied with anything. That is why
we buy so much butter and sugar.
In early days before our nerves were
worn to a frazzle, we were satisfied
to spread a little butter on our bread
and our taste being good we would eat
It with satisfaction. But now the but
ter must be almost as thick as is the
bread itself in order to make it taste
right. We use on an average four
times the amount at our meals that
we used to do and this makes four
times the demand. The same can be
said of sugar and other things. Sugar
used to be considered a luxury and not
a necessity. A dollar per month for
sugar was ample for the average
family. But $1 per week will hardly
pay the bill now. What are we going
to do about it? We will not be likely
to do anything about it, only grin and
bear It.
Some where In the future a change
may be in waiting and a better con
dition of health may again maintain
with the human family. Until then the
world will Jog along as It now is doing.
People will continue to kick about the
high cost of living and smartles wilj
continue to give reasons for It. Maybe
some of these may contain a little
grain of sense and maybe not. But the
sun will shine on as It does now and
the birds will sing just as sweetly as
ever while our municipal government
continues to collect the taxes for
water rent. READER.
EIGHTH-GRADE QUESTIONS FAULTY
Some Held Indefinite and Others Not
Bstaedi on Text Bootes.
WALLOWA, Or., June 7. (To the
Editor.) May I be allowed space to
enter my protest against the questions
made out by the state board for the
eighth-grade examinations? The board
seems not to have in mind the texts
used by the pupils; the questions are
not clearly worded, and no thought
seems to be given to the age and pow
ers of endurance of the applicants.
In geography. May, 1913, this ques
tion appears: "Name the counties that
border on the county in which you
live." If the counties of Oregon were
wanted, why not say so. Pupils of
Wallowa County tried to give counties
of Washington and Idaho.
The time Is past for long questions
calling for several pages of foolscap
on which to answer, and the eighth
grade student has not the endurance
to go through with such a selge of
nine subjects, ten questions to a sub
ject, in two days, especially when such
long questions as these are asked:
"Name the zones into which the earth
is divided, give the boundary lines and
write briefly of the climate of each
zone" (geography. May, 1913), or this:
"Parse the italicized (quoted) words:
'The "schoolhouses" were "crude" and
"poorly" furnished. "There" were few
text books and often "these belonged"
to the teacher." " Why ask the child
to do all the work of parsing each
when the construction would test the
child's knowledge?
In United States history why not ask
questions really pertinent to the
Lnited States instead of going to gen
era! history and asking what happened
in i4od. as was done in the June ex
amination? Of course it Indirectly re
fers to the United States, but the text
used by the children does not
give It. In May, 1913. this question
appears: "What was the ordinance of
1787? What relation does it bear to
the history of Oregon?"
But why enlarge upon these? The
board seems to ask catch questions,
whether In the book used or not; and
poorly worded questions. I do not
plead for easy examination, but I do
plead most earnestly for fair play; for
clear, concise questions, short and to
the point; questions, the answering of
wnicn win snow tnat tne pupil has
a useful knowledge of the subject
studied. ANNA M. STRONG.
Rosea for All.
PORTLAND, June 8. (To the Edi
tor.) On Flower Mission day all over
tne city Iiowers are distributed to
carmen, hospitals, homes of various
kinds and even the Jails, where the
criminals are given roses with which
Portland Is so bountifully supplied.
This Is a very beautiful thing to do
and 1 trust much good may come from
it. But I wish that the flower givine
could be extended to God's little human
flowers who fill the apartment-houses
of our big city and can only look at
the loaded down bushes with longing
eyes.
Were I an owner of a yard filled
with rose bushes I would place a box
by the side of the street with a sign
"take some," and fill It with beautiful
blooms, thereby relieving the bushes of
their load of blossoms and fragrance
and send beauty and fragrance Into
many an apartment-house,
AN APARTMENT MOTHER.
The Wage Too Minimum.
Pearson's Weekly.
An Irish M. P. is telling a story of a
man who complained to three friends,
an Englishman, a Scotchman and an
Irishman, that his servant was con
stantly breaking china.
"What do you think I ought to do
with her?" he asked plaintively.
The practical Englishman said: "Dis
miss her!" But as she was otherwise
an excellent servant, her master was
unwilling to do that,
"Then, take it out of her wages."
suggested the thrifty Scot
""That wouldn't do much good." was
the reply, "for her wages are less than
the amount of damage she does,"
"Then raise her wages!" said the
Irishman promptly.
Half a Century Ago
From The Oregonlan of June 9. 1863.
Washington papers of May 28 state
that the forts remaining in possession
of the rebels at Vicksburg are very
formidable and command the entire
town. Several charges have been made
upon them, but with little success. The
rebels seem to think their position im
pregnable. The report that Pemberton i
offered to surrender nr, term, is con- 1
firmed. Banks is said to be rapidly
approachlng lcksburg.
From Florence (Idaho) -We ware
permitted yesterday to read a letter
from the above locality, written by an
entirely reliable gentleman, who says
that the prospects of the miners in
that .vicinity are highly encouraging
and even brilliant. Two men in one
day took out 103 ounces of dust. Wages
were high; men would not work for
less than 8150 per month.
Another British privateer of the Ala
bama stripe, named the Virginia, sailed
from the Clyde on the 7th ult.. and is
probably now on tile ocean, waylaying
and burning our ships. The day after
she sailed the British government is
sued orders for her detention, but it
was too late.
Circuit Court The grand Jury, con
sisting of Henry Law, foreman, William
Cree, William Burch. William Sherlock,
B. P. Cardwell, A. Hungrerr and William
Palmer, was sworn and charged by the
court. On account of the absence of
W. C. Johnson, Prosecuting Attorney,
W. L Hill, Esq., was appointed special
prosecuting officer.
California & Oregon Railroad Com
pany A preliminary organization was
made at Marysvllle on the 1st inst. and
the following gentlemen are a part of
the board of directors Governor A. C.
Gibbs, of Portland; J. R. Moores. of
Salem: S. Ellsworth, of Eugene City,
and J. C. Tolman, of Jacksonville.
The Oregon Steam Navigation Com
pany are setting up at me eascaaes
two fine locomotives ror tne use ol i lie
Dalles & Deschutes Railroad.
NEW TREATY POLICY ADVOCATED
-Mr. Myers Objects to "Favored Nation"
and Reciprocity "Palaver."
PORTLAND, June 8. (To the Edi
tor.) I am greatly pleased with the
attitude taken by the United States
Senate on the question of foreign trea
ties and our relations to the other na
tions of the world. We need reform
here, perhaps, more urgently than in
any other department of the Govern
ment. It was natural In the outset
that we could not comprehend what
we were and what we were to be as a
nation, and In our superabundant gen
erosity and good nature and inexperi
ence we allowed ourselves to be over
reached and tied down by treaties that
were unworthy of us and whose petty
provisions and restrictions we have
wholly outgrown- Let us comprehend,
once for all. that we are not dependent
on any other one nation, or on all the
nations together, for prosperity. We
can live and live well though an im
passable wall were built round our
continent, one that would cut us off
from all communication with the out
side world. We have every needed re
source of wealth and comfort, in the
soil under our feet and in the air we
breathe.
We ought to realize, also, that we
have the genius, the skill and the en
ergy to manipulate these rich re
sources Into practical use, and all this
without the help of anybody on the out
side. Then why should we be anxious
and fearful about our dealings with
other nations? Why should we practice
the old arts of diplomacy and Juggle
for advantage? Such a course. It seems
to me, is not to the interests of the
United States, nor does It comport with
our dignity. We need not go to The
Hague at all to settle our differences.
It is a petty court, at best. In which the
prejudiced majority would always be
against us. and w e could not reason
ably expect fair dealing at Its hands-
Let us settle our differences In our
own way with each nation as they may
arise. And we should make each indi
vidual treaty stand on its own merits
and without reference to any other
treaty. This would cut out the "fa
vored nation" clause for all arrange
ments with any nation.
This "favored nation" clause is a
relic of the old "you tickle me and I
tickle you" duplicity that never ought
to have had a place in American diplo
macy. It Is beneath us to deal in that
fashion with anybody. We can afford
to be candid, open and above-board.
We are strong enough to place our
business and our relations with other
nations on the basis of candor and
merit. We need not play favorites with
anybody. We can be fair and equal
and just with all. and that is the
ground we ought to take. This posi
tion would cut out "reciprocity," too,
as well as the "favored nation" palaver.
Reciprocity belongs to the old gumshoe
style of work which may have been
useful in the past to weakling govern
ments, but it is not necessary for the
United States to coddle anybody In that
way. Besides, reciprocity and the most
favored nation plans of work are al
ways and necessarily in direct con
flict and breed trouble. They are Il
logical and irreconcilable. If we step
into a corner and make a deal and pri
vate arrangement with some nation,
and one of the favored nation fellows
finds It out, which he Is sure to do,
he bristles up at once and says "You
are not playing fair. You promised me
&s big a piece of pie as you gave any
one else." and then the trouble begins.
The United States, in my opinion, ought
to take higher and better ground than
that, and now is a good time to begin
the reform. I hope the Senate will
stand flTnly against renewal of the
old treaties until it has time to revise
them and that It will abrogate many of
the old ones that never ought to have
been made such as the Clayton-Bul-wer
and Hay-Pauncefote affairs, for
Instance. Our self-respect as a nation
demands that this shall be done.
LEVI W. MYERS.
Two New Amendments.
PORTLAND, June 8. (To the Edi
tor.) Kindly publish the recent amend
ments to the Constitution of the United
States providing for an Income tax and
the election of United States Senators
by popular vote. G. W. H.
Article XVL The Congress shall have
the power to lay and collect taxes on
Incomes, from whatever source derived,
without apportionment, among the sev
eral states, and without regard to any
census or enumeration.
Article XVIL The Senate of the
United States shall be composed of two
Senators from each state, elected by
the people thereof, for six years, and
each Senator shall have one vote. The
electors In each state shall have the
qualifications requisite for electors of
the most numerous branch of the State
Legislatures.
When vacancies happen in the repre
sentation of any state In the Senate,
the executive authority of such state
shall Issue writs of election to flll such
vacancies. Provided, That the Legisla
ture of any state may empower the
Executive thereof to make temporary
appointments until the people flll the
vacancies by election as the Legisla
ture may direct.
This amendment shall not be so con
strued as to affect the election or term
of any Senator chosen before it be
comes valid as part of the Constitution.
Break In the Courtship.
Chicago Inter Ocean.
He I shall talk to your father the
first thing in the morning.
She (glancing- at the clock) Then
I'll call him right down.
In the Realm of the Rose
Dy Dean Collins.
Gates of fairyland open;
The trump of the herald blows;
The glittering pageants thronging
I'p through the harbor diselose
The barge of the King, who sails
state
To reign in the realm of the rose.
r , , , , , , A
Rs drlft and. Pennons Shift.
The hosts of the loyal retainers
Throne in the citv way
To welcome their King, who sails In
state
To his realm of the rose today.
All the cares of the present.
Thoughts that are dull and drear.
We toss to the reckless breezes:
Presto they disappear.
Who may know aught but laughtet
and mirth
When the festival King Is here.
Unto the flowery Southland
Has sounded the Rose's call;
Borne on the herald breezes.
Rose petals drift and fall
Far In the north and bear with them
Our invitation to all.
Hearts dance light as the rose leaves.
When breath of the Springtime
blows.
And through the breadth of the city
The voice of the herald goes:
"Joy to the world is the will of tha
King
Who rules in the realm of the Rose.'
Twenty-five Years Ago
From The Oregonlan of June 0, 1888.
Washington. June 9. Those who
were lucky enough to stroll Into the
House galleries yesterday were afford
ed more than usual amusement. The
Republicans taunted their opponents,
whenever enthusiasm was shown over
the ticket nominated by their party,
with the Inquiry: "Have you heard
from Oregon?"
Columbus, O.. June 7. The Thurman
Club got up & demonstration here to
night in honor of the nomination of
Judge Thurman for Vice-President,
Salem. June 8. Ex-Governor Moody,
wife and daughter leave tomorrow for
Portland, where they will Join the Ore
gon delegation to the Republican Na
tional convention, which starts for Chi
cago Sunday.
W. s. Chapman, superintendent of
streets, denies that his horse ruined
the trees in front of the First Presby
terian Church. It was a borrowed
horse, which he drove sometimes, which
did the damage.
The call for a citizens" mass meet
ing, to be held at the Pavilion on Mon
day evening, has attracted a great deal
of attention. The call is signed by a
number of prominent men. who make
the announcement over their own sig
natures that they are profoundly Inter
ested In having a moral, decent and
patriotic municipal government for the
city. They feel that the time Is now
ripe for a radical change of adminis
tration. Rev. Ezra Haskell, pastor of
the Plymouth Congregational Church,
has agreed to address the meeting.
There was a regular School Board
meeting last night at the High School
building. Mr. C. H. Dodd was in the
chair and Messrs. Thompson. Durham,
Ladd and Therkelsen were present. The
contract for the North School building
($8419 for completing the lower story
only) was awarded to Davey & Stewart.
Mr. G. Conn arrived here vesterdav
from Tillamook via the Maddox stage
line over the mountains and he brought
In a copy of the Headlight, Tillamook's
new paper, and the first one ever print
ed there, of which C. E. Wilson & Co.
are publishers and J. B. Edwards
editor.
The performance of "Our Boys" by
the Comedy Club netted nearly 1500 for
the free kindergarten.
ORAL SYSTEM KNOWN AND TAUGHT
Teacher of Deaf Motes Insists That
Sign Language Is but Incidental.
PORTLAND. June 8. (To the Ed
itor.) I noticed in The Oregonlan the
statement that a demand Is made on
the School Board that I be dismissed
from my position as teacher in the
school for the deaf because I am a
sign teacher. In Justice to myself I
wish to state that I am not & sign
teacher. I received my training as an
oral teacher under one of the most ex
pert teachers of the oral method In
the United States, and I have taught
by that method for nine years, and was
the first teacher selected for the work
in this city. My classroom is open for
Inspection and always has been. I
have had many visitors who have ex
pressed appreciation of my work.
The fact that my parents were deaf
and that I am an expert in the use of
the sign language Is not a valid reason
to be used against my ability to teach
the deaf orally. The fact is that many
of the most expert oral teachers of
the day are masters of the sign lan
guage, having learned It at their
mother's knee as I did. Our mothers
were not able to speak, because speech
was not taught when they were young.
We are probably more anxious for the
deaf to have speech than those who
have not had this experience.
That I make use of my knowledge
of the signs for the benefit of the
adult deaf of this city, of whom there
are about 200, should not be held
against me, for most of them, like my
mother, had little or no opportunity to
learn speech. I Interpret the service at
the Church of the Strangers every Sun
day morning for them, also their mar
riage and funeral services, and act as
their interpreter when required.
Because I have this knowledge and
am willing to use it for the benefit of
the deaf is not a valid reason why 1
am not qualified to teach the oral
method, for which I have had special
training and years of experience.
FLORENCE C. METCALF.
t
The Art of
Advertising
A writer in a current publica
tion says of the preparation and
construction of advertising
' ; copy ' ' :
"No feature calls for better
art work, more faultless word
ing, more painstaking care of de
tail, than does advertising. The
necessity of saying much in few
words and for presenting facts
strikingly has developed among
those making a profession of
writing advertisements a clear
and forceful use of English that
might be studied with profit by
the best writers."
Did that phase of advertising
ever occur to you as you read
the ads in The Oregonian ?
It's surprising how much real
knowledge may be derived from
the advertising matter that ap
pears in the daily newspaper.