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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (April 25, 1913)
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Bid wall T-l alarkat street. Ca.. OtTIca No. Reseat atraat a. W London. rORTLAXD, rRIUAV. APRIL IS. IBIS. BRTaTS LATEST DREAM. Secretary Brj'SJi has always had the courage of his convictions. That he tin has that courage he shows by his willingness to submit his views on ar titration and disarmament to the acid test of practical application. That the scheme which he now propose will survive even the cold scrutiny of a committee of highly sophisticated Sen ators, much less diplomatic negotia tions with European powers. Is very doubtful. Arbitration among- nations within certain limitations is a realizable dream. So long as it Is made to apply only to Justiciable disputes, that Is, such as -would be capable of adjudica tion in court If they arose between In dividuals, it is practicable. But Mr. Bryan proposes to go farther than President Taft and arbitrate disputes Involving National honor or vital in terests. Every man familiar with re cent history knows that nations will not submit such questions to arbi tration. If Japan had actually bought Mag dalena Bay and established a great naval station there, we would not have arbitrated. We should probably have ignored the independence of Mexico and sent an army and a fleet -there to drive out the Japanese. Having done that, we should probably have Insisted on annexing Lower Cal ifornia and have put a veto, backed Jjy a threat of force, on any further cessions of territory by Mexico to a foreign power. We should have scout ed any suggestion of arbitration, say ing that our National interests were involved, that we had the power to protect them and intended to do so. There are also cases where nations are in Irreconcilable conflict and will be satisfied with no settlement except that with armed force. Does any man imagine that either the Balkan states or Turkey would ever have consented to arbitrate the question whether the Turks should retire from Europe? The Turks were determined to keep what they had taken by conquest: the allies were equally determined to take it away from them. Briton and Boer were determined to fight out the ques tion of supremlty in South Africa. A like conflict is Impending between Teuton and Slav In Europe and has heen brought nearer by the triumph of the Slavs over Turkey. Nations or races become Imbued with the idea That manifest destiny decrees their supremacy, or necessity compels them to enlarge their borders by swarming over the territory of neighboring na tions. Racial ambition Is as inherent in man as individual ambition, and is the. motive power In the working out of the law of survival of the fittest. Self-preservation Impels a nation like Japan or Germany. which feels cramped within its own borders, to burst the bonds. As a starving man fights for bread, such a nation fights for territory, turning & deaf ear to the pleadings of peace, humanity and justice. Even greater difficulties would at tend attempts at disarmament by In ternational agreement. Were two of the cations which were parties to such an agreement engaged In a dispute and were one of them to prepare for war, could it not make the excuse that its preparations were aimed at one of the powers which had not Joined the peace pact? The peace powers, for self-defense against the military pow ers, would be compelled to maintain a considerable armed force. They would need to have sublime confidence in each other before they could safely re duce their armaments to the point where their combined strength alone could withstand attack from a mili tary nation, for the defection of one in a crisis might place all at the mer cy of a single armed foe. This is ijne more In the procession of fantastic turns of Mr. Bryan's over active brain. First came free silver, then antl-lmperlallsm, then Govern ment ownership of interstate railroads, while intra-state railroads remained under state control, then guaranty of bank deposits. Now comes arbitration of anything ancT every thing, combined with limitation of armaments. Mr. Bryan's capacity as a constructive statesman Is in Inverse ratio to his ability as an agitator. nEXATOR LANE AND THE SENATE. - Senator Lane told the Senate finance committee some unpleasant truths In his statement of his position on the wool tariff, i The Senate has long been regarded as the citadel of the privileged Interests, and even when it amends a House bill in the public cause, its reputation gives rise to suspicion that tenderness for private interests prompted Its action. The Underwood tariff makes unwarranted reductions of duties and is full of in consistencies, not only between two or more of Its own provisions, but with the Democratic platform and with the professed purpose of Its framers. Tet the public distrust of the Senate places that body at a disadvantage in remov ing the defects. The policy of secrecy pursued by the Democratic Senators in regard to their tariff conferences tends to con firm this distrust and the Oregon Sen ator's refusal to remain silent as to what he said brings it before public attention in an unfavorable light. The whole tendency in party proceedings, as well as In those of public bodies. Is toward publicity, and the people are prone to view with suspicion all that goes on behind closed doors. : As a Senator elected by popular vote. Dr. Lane represents this tendency and he mill be powerfuly reinforced when the first Senators elected in accordance with the seventeenth amendment take their seats. The bad standing of the Senate be fore public opinion Is unfortunate for those who, like the wocigrowers, look to It for mitigation of the severities of tart ft reduction proposed by the House majority. Since the tariff-makers, af ter fixing the new duties on woolen manufactures, hesitated between free wool and a 15 per cent duty, there Is force in Dr. Lane's argument that tree wool justifies a lower duty on woolen manufactures than Mr. Underwood proposes. Woolgrowers and many others contend with better reason that a duty should be retained on raw wool and that the rates on "woolen manu factures should be Increased sufficient ly to compensate for It. But popular disapprobation of the Senate may re strain that body from raising any du ties at all. " SI GAR MEN OCT E FORCE. There Is as great an assemblage of the sugar Interests in Washington this year as there was In 1894, when the Wilson tariff was Gorman Ized. four distinct bureaus have been established, representing as many different branches of the sugar Industry. ntm nf them Is aDDropriately namea the "Refiners Congressional Advisory rnmmiiiM " Their efforts to save the sugar industry do not seem to be sec onded with that enthusiasm wnicn one K1 .vnAr fnr nn buEeaU Sent OUt a circular stating that Its account at the bank was overdrawn ana mat funds were absolutely necessary. t rnnM nnnenr that the surar men have been strangely negligent or over- Anit-n in nni nrnvidtrtjr a war fund for the evil days which now seem to be . .on " rin. rniiM think that com mon prudence would nave aictateu a MAM.Antoo-A rf the fat nronts de- llint . .o " rived from the tax levied on every breakfast table would have been set apart for the purpose of perpetuating the graft. rw AtA th.r fmna-fne that the Demo cratic party would never be able to line up the Congressional delegations from the South and West for a meas- ..tamitniii tn them as free urr o v ..v sugar? They sadly underestimated the persuasive power of President Wil son's club. '0 REFORM UNLESS COMPLETE? Aa Oregon's new minimum wage law was the second to toe enacted In Amer ica, it has naturally been the subject of considerable discussion. It is learned from the Springfield Repub lican that Mrs. Florence Kelley, of the Consumers' League In Massachusetts, apparently regrets that laws like the enacted. Not that she is opposed to the minimum wage in nnin hut hf reels mat mini mum wage statutes for the benefit of women and children only tan io ai tnA" in undemald emDloves "those democratic safeguards which charac terize the English and Australian leg islation." . She makes this comment: . vnm-n nKllvlnua of thS 1 nry Vi" J w ... fart that wives and daushteri work bacauaa . . i k.riwnn,r H r. not IITQ liiru in - - enough to support the family. Theee laws and bllla If-nore tne youin lira .muma -tora of tha working forca In the underpaid . . t i. in), i- -a 1 r,l mada un of young- slrla. They need the moral support of their man ienow-worr , about wagea. rnn if It arm to be admitted that a legal minimum wage for women and children in industry Is not so gooa as one applying as well to men. it is hardly conceivable that one who fa vors a law of the broader scope can view the one of lesser scope as Harm ful or even lacking in good. In short, criticism or tne minimum rnr wrnmen la in this respect founded on the strange argument that It is best to make no advancement un i ft he for the whole road. It is like advising the clerk who aspires to be manager some day to accept no nrnmotlon unless it be one Jump to the goal of his ambition. , Moreover, as the KepuDiican sageiy observes, there Is a constitutional rea son which prevents Inclusion of men In minimum wage legislation in this country. We shall probably have to wait a long time for the removal of ki. nhiiarlp. In the meantime It seems wise to secure what improve ment we can In the lot oi women ana hildren workers. IJVIN'G TO EAT. A pretty little difference of opinion has arisen between Thomas A. Edison and Henry T. FInck. It is over what we should eat and why. Mr. Edison needs no introduction. Mr. Finck is writer on esthetic subjects who has published several books. His latest work bears the title "Food and Fla vor."' It purports to De a guiae xo health and good living. Mr Friiann holds that the flavor of food Is unimportant. Food is to the stomach like coal to tne engine, as long- as we eat enough of the proper utritlve value we neeo. not Dowier about Its taste. Mr. Finck's doctrine that flavor Is all-important. Better eat innutritious food that tastes good than the richest In calories if it is In sipid. Thus the gastronomic war rages. Mr. Flnck believes that good cook ing is the most beneficent of all the arts. He praises the French for their devotion to the palate and declares v.,- th.i- fnrt w prv thpv have ad vanced civilization more than by their skill In war and science. We are our selves of the opinion that Mr. Edison depreciates the pleasures of the palate too much. Savory food not only gives njoyment, but it actually promotes digestion. Herbert Spencer, who was a lifelong dyspeptic, says In his auto biography that in good company at table he could eat wun peneci saieiy food that would have tormented him night If he had devoured it hi soli tude. Sapid flavors do for us all what good company did for the valetudinar ian philosopher. But It is not necessary to resort to complicated cookery In order to have 11-flavored food.- Everything eamie tastes good to a hungry man. Given - -Kam nntllA and thn flavors will appear of themselves. How many per. sons know the exquisite taste of wheat bread? Very few, because hardly any body bites into a slice when he Is truly hungry, men mere is tne incompar able flavor of baked beans. It is not perceptible, of course, to the jaded palate of the man who eats merely be cause it is 6 o'clock and his wife says difinar la readv. But fast until vou have an appetite, the real thing that craves ana nungers, ana men tasie oi baked beans or corn cake and see If anything in the world was ever so good. , "Aristocracy, snobbery, excluslve- ness, separatism," are some of the un. desirable qualities which, according to a contemporary, axe fostered by college Greek letter societies. There Is a strong movement, both within the col leges and outside them, to eliminate these secret organizations, or at least so modify them that they shall exhibit a new and.dlKf.rent spirit. Ttl trend toward democracy is as strong in the educational world as elsewhere. DR. T. A. GATCH. It is difficult to overestimate Dr. Gatch's services to education on the Pacific Coast. He was born with the teacher's peculiar genius and his na tive gifts were cultivated to the high est efficiency by his education, for he had the best scholastic training ob tainable in his youth. Thoroughly pre pared for Ills remarkable work, he came to the-Coast at a time when our educational Institutions were in their formative state so that the impress or his thought and Ideals Is deep upon them. This fact becomes doubly note worthy when we remember how many different positions Dr. Gatch filled in the course of his career. Beginning with the chair of mathematics at the TTniveraitv of the Pacific in Santa Clara. Cal.. he became successively nrlnrlnnl of the Santa CrUS PU0I1C schools, principal of the Puget Sound Weslevnn Institute, professor of math ematics and president of Willamette University, president or tne territorial University of Washington, and finally president, of the Oregon Agricultural College. Thla ia an almost unrivaled recora nf servlra to education and it extends over a pioneer field so wide that Dr. Gatch may be said to have given near ly all our Institutions, of learning their original impulse. Few men enjoy op nnrtunities for usefulness so ample or improve them so faithfully. " rr Gatrh's nersonal character was extremely lovable. His colleagues be came his friends and his students were his loyal admirers. . He was one of those rare men whom President Gar field had In mind when he 5ald that a university consisted of a boy at one end of a log and a teacher at the other. To make this definition true the teacher must be of that uncommon type which Dr. Gatch exemplified. Amply equipped with scholarship, he was rich In the qualities of heart and mind which win devotion and stimulate ambition. He taught the practice of the moral law by a fine and gracious example rather than by inflexible precepts. Sufficiently rigor ous in the administration of the Insti tutions over which he presided for all worthy purposes, he maae no xeticn of discipline for its own sake, but sought rather to develop'the spirit of self-control in his pupils. Dr. Gatch was a good man who was permitted by Providence to do a great worn. THE CENTENN IAL OF STEPHEN A. DOCGLAS. Stephen A. Douglas, who was born April 23. 1813, was a little more than a year younger than Lincoln, his great antagonist. When they first met Lin coln was still an obscure man fighting, and to all appearances fighting with out hope of victory, against "low birth and Iron fortune." Douglas was al ready famous and knew the Joy of winning applause In Congress. He made his first appearance in Illinois at Winchester, coming from Canan dagua. New York, with all his fortune in his satchel. An auction happened to be in progress when he reached the town and Douglas was made the clerk of accounts at 32 a day for the three days It lasted. It was in this way that he earned his first money. He was al ready a lawyer, but he never had practiced. Douglas was born in Ver mont on a farm, after the good old American fashion, and he would have anna tr. cnllira if he had been able to raise the money. Since he could not he stayed at home ana neipea nis mother, who was a widow, and when she moved to Canandagua he weut with her. In that town he found op portunity to attend an academy where he learned enough to build his fame on and afterward read law. . In those days it was not the custom for young men to master the profes sion of law In schools. They usually read In an office under the more or i... fuithfni direction of some sea soned practitioner. In this way they acquired no more or legai principle than they chose but they could not evade the details of practice and pleading. Hence it has been said by some critics that the lawyers of Doug ia' Hm were better advocates than those of our day, but inferior theorists. How much truth there may he tn tne observation It is not for laymen to decide. Douglas was a successful law yer from the outset In Illinois, but he was far greater as a politician, or per haps we ought to call him a statesman. On most of the public questions that arose during his ambitious career he tonu th rlirht side. The only serious mistake he made was on the slavery question, but that was so very serious thai it ruined him. His first term in Congress began with Jackson's second administration. The stern oia demo crat hadS declared martial law In the New Orleans campaign and a judge who preferred technicalities ' to the public safety had fined him a thousand niiara fnr doinif so. Jackson had been trying for years to persuade Con gress to pay back tne line, out witn Douglas took up his cause, made his first speech to the House in Jackson s ravor ana oDiainea the money. This was the beginning of a forensic career which had many brilliant triumphs and hardly any fail-.,-.. rn In tha debates with Lin- Knin nonvrlaa carried off the palm of eloquence, though not of reason and Justice. nnncrin was a member of the Sen ate when the Oregon boundary ques tion came up for aeDate. Jftis Keen sense of National advantage led him to stand for rirty-rour-rorty. tne campaign cry that elected Polk. He ctoo -, iii- tn en to war rather than yield any territory to" Great Britain. By a brilliant speech he showed that in appreciation of tne Oregon country v. a wo far ahead of his contempo raries. He pointed out among other facts that the territory in dispute nrnni.1 make seven states of the ordi nary Eastern size and held that we ought to enforce our claim to tne whole of It. Perhaps Douglas and his ManH, wnuld have carried the day and plunged the country into war with England over tne uregon Dounaary hDj it nnt heen for the Southern Sena- ators. They realized that the Oregon country must be cut up into iree mates and were not minded to Increase the power of the anti-slavery party to that extent. So they made some conces sions' and the trouble was tided over. Tn thi. matter we find Douglas op posed to the slave oligarchy and that was his true position. it- aru 7 venrs old when Clay's Missouri Compromise was enacted and lived to see tnat tamous measure grow intn mihit- favnr as securelv as the Constitution Itself. But like many other compromises, this, being an agreement with iniquity, invoivea us ni.-n rlMimi-tlon. The contest over slavery was so far from being allayed by Clays measure mat it grew ever hpttpr during J2Ulaa' ynutli flud -EX-, ly manhood and he saw that some other settlement must be devised if harmony was,, ever to be established. In his quest for a solution of the peril ous problem Douglas finally hit upon his famous doctrine of "squatter sov ereignty." Instead of fixing an arbi trary Una fnr tha boundary between freedom and slavery he proposed to leave the whole subject to the settlers In the new territories. Congress adopt ed this policy by the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill. T.lnnnln'n rlearer eve and more ac tive conscience perceived that the slavery question could never be settled hv nnv rnmnromtse. In opposition to Douglas' squatter sovereignty he enun ciated the principle that "a house di vided against itself cannot stand" and prophesied that if the union were not destroyed it would become all slave nr all free." This was the issue upon which they joined battle In the famous debates which won Lincoln National renown, and, after some delay, made Mm Pi-ealrlent. Tn these debates Doug las appeared as the polished gladiator of logic, perfect master or nimseir ana hi, sublect. exDerienced. persuasive. subtle and wily. His personality was engaging, his voice and manner be loved of the people. His presence ra diated strensrth so bountifully that hi was called "the Little Giant," and de served the title both for his body anc his intellect. Lincoln was homely patient and humorous. The hand of destiny was upon his shoulders, hi tnnsruA was touched with divine wis dom. He was not eloquent In any usual sense. He had none of the arts of the debater except that highest art which relies on eternal trutn ana tne iirtrivrnn- llistire nf God. They put their case to the people of Illinois while the country lookea on with premonitions of Impending fate. VnhnrU- fnllv understood Lincoln, but the heart of the people knew that he was chosen for greatness, ine masses decided for him. but Douglas won the most vote in the-State Legislature and was sent to the Senate, while Lincoln went back to his law practice and waited for the mandate that called him to his life work. This was the climax of Douglas' career. Circum stances had placed him fatally in the wrnne In the slavery strujrsrle. and. like many another strong fighter, he fell to rise no more. Since the Erdman act has been in nnpration. the career of a railroad msn'a nnlnn in dull and uneventful. Pftrmariv thera was nn Occasional strike to break the monotony, jnow to nnthlncr m nr. irnitlno- thfl.n An arbitration, which contains no more thrills than a chocolate sundae. If "Mary's wage" of 36 per week isn't enough, let someone offer her more. Is the argument of a great man ufacturer. The fact that occasionally she does get more elsewhere Is what has raised half the hue and cry. Mayor Gaynor appears to have com plimented newspapers in general for the purpose of adding force to his strictures on those which he does not like and which do not like him the Hearst papers, for example. The records, documents and relics in possession of the Oregon Historical Society are too valuable to remain in "any old place." The movement seeking to house them in a permanent structure is wise. The nation with the biggest navy always will be the arbiter of little des tinies. British diplomacy, backed by British might, will keep things cool In the Balkans. No child should be compelled to pa rade during the Rose Festival. There are enough with the ambition to make a grand showing of Portland's human rosebuds. The treasurer of the Women's North Pacific Board of Missions finds count ing the pennies a burden, but they are not to be despised in the contribution box. Of course Noah rode In a buggy at the head of the procession as the ani mals paraded out of the ark, and cir cus men follow the fashion to this day. Bernhardt snapped her fingers at an offer of 3700 a minute. Such Is art. Many a woman would work hard a wh'ole year for such a sum. According to Mr. Green, when the subject of Mary Konovsky's wage comes up, everybody "passes the buck" to the manufacturer. Success of the Belgian strike for franchise reform is ominous of the possibilities of the strike as an engine of political warfare. And Just as W. J. gets his beautiful little peace picnic all planned those horrid European war clouds begin to gather again. Mr. Drake's opinion of bachelors' credit suggests that the more troubles a man has the more patiently he en dures thern ' Roo-tlma rtanclnir Is doomed in Chi cago, although ragtime music will be permitted. It Is proper to near it Dut not to do it How truculent Austria, with her fifty millions, . becomes when confronted only by Montenegro's quarter of a mil lion. Underwood says cheap living will nnt fniinw immedistelv- We were rea sonably certain that It hadn't followed yet. turbulent days even the lamb of peace causes a riot when it enters a Chicago school McManigal will go free, but he will not be unknown. The brand of the Informer will always show. An Idaho man Is utterly unable to recall anything In his past. Perhaps he'll be money ahead. Despite memories of burning winds, Kansas is predicting a record wheat crop. Europe may need American potatoes and other stuff yet, but the hope is slim. - - ' Wilson to Tumulty. 3 P. M.: "Ready? Let's go." Is Bryan a good enough bluffer to sit in the game? Watch Russia stay the hand of Aus tria. Pink, lemonade day is here. STATE PRESS AND REFERENDUM Newspapers Generally Oppose Attack on University Appropriations. Hood River News. So far as we can determine It Is the overwhelming opinion throughout the state-that the move should be dropped before it goes any further. Way to Stop It. Salem Statesman. , The decent people of Oregon have a way to stop the circulation of referen dum petitions taken up in spite. Stop it by not signing them. Leave Schools Alone. Heppner Gazette-Times. It would be a mistake to hold up the university appropriation and to attempt the consolidation of that school with the agricultural college. The move should be dropped before it goes any farther. Baildinfrs Are Inadequate. Oregon City Enterprise. There is scarcely a town of 5000 peo ple in the state that does not boast of better building and equipment in their line than any of the buildings and most of the equipment at the state univer sity. Attitude of Gran bp". Beaver State Herald. Reports have been pretty generally circulated aver the state that the State Grange is promoting or at least sup porting the proposed referendum on tha state university building fund. The State Grange has never declared its in tention of doing anything of the sort As to Fresldent Parklson. Newport Signal. Parkison, of referendum fame, who avows his Intention of having the latest appropriation for the University of Oregon referred, is called by the Independence Monitor a "pestilence." The Signal would not go quite to that length. Parklson is a chronic disease. Ia Expense Justified? Newberg Graphic. It the referendum is invoked on any measure passed by the Legislature it will mean a special election, and a spe cial election will mean an expenditure of a sum close to $100,000. Will it- be wise for the State of Oregon to incur this expense? This is a question you should consider well before you decide to aid some fellow who has a grouch. Ntrt Local Isnue. Florence West. The people of Cottage Grove are taking the ' right view of matters in regard to the appropriations for the state university anu arts nut m of calling a referendum vote on the . i n-t . . aHimatinn Ik question. 113 maiwi v. t um.. w. too broad a question to be dragged into local differences. It belongs, to the whole state. Support Is Deserved. Medford Sun. T. ----aaIu ooAmai narARRRrV tn 1il&.te on the virtues of education. The hap piness or lite may oe summeu up m the word. The successful man of the ..,1.-- .,-m h, thn mnn nf trained mind and accurate information, the lasting Joys are those that mental cultivation brings. Instead or taKing money away from either of Oregon's Institutions oi all the financial support that the state can afford. Objection Is Widespread. Dallas Observer. TT-m all nnrllnTin nf the state COlTie objections to the movement. All sorts of organizations have already gone on recora as opposing it, anu iuivmui 1 i n i- vanapallv ncrnillst it- The wisdom of expending 375,000 or $100,000 in a special reiereiiuum elec tion to prevent the expenditure of Ann awliiofi tlnnnl nurnoses is questionable, and Is so regarded by all thinning people Country Folk: Opposed. Lebanon Criterion. Referendum petitions against the Ttni.....Uu rt Hrdcnn flnnrnnrintlonS Liin m i.' . - - r- r-1 . kitlUlnff. an naur pmlinina.nt lur ucn wiiv.io ..v.. 1 are not receiving mucn consiaeranun in communities outsiae oi rrunu, where the name chasers are active in the North End district. Country peo ple, as a rule, did not appreciate being lined up with the bums of North Port i .. ,..--. . ii 'i rm a cr n n nd thpv are filTht ing shy of this new proposition to di the same thing over again. Majority Favor Both Schools. T.phanon Tribune. ti,o THhiina hMiaves in the rule of the majority and a majority or tne peo pie of Oregon seem to favor maintain ino hnth sfhnnls. Tf so. then the sup port should be such as will give the best results, commensurate wim ecu nnmipni mannrpmant Necessary build inn- nnH aniHnmpnt are a necessity if me oest results uie uuimncu. twi mio . i. . : . i T7" , Li reason, the Tribune is opposed to tne plan being fathered by Mr. Parkison mhn It ia arenerallv known, has a grudge against the university. Unfavorable Notoriety Threatened. Albany Herald. To invoke the referendum against the University appropriation andthe dentists' bill will ' bring Oregon and the "Oregon system no favorable notoriety. In the first place it will cost the taxpayers of the state approximate. lv $100,000. The university appropria tion is slightly in excess of what the election would cost while the conten tion bears every indication of malice and bad faith on the part of Its pro moters. Moreover, It is a subversion of principle of the referendum. New System Xeeds Friends' Protection. Cottage Grove Sentinel. The Oregon system is presumed to have developed from greater knowl edge upon the part of electors than that which existed in times gone by. The old system thrived upon ignorance. The new system is a product or an en lightened age, presumably. Yet this great Oregon system has been used to greatly curtail the activities of one of the state's greatest educational insti tutions, the university. ... It is time for friends of , both old and new systems to unite. Friends of the old should wish to nave its worn stand. Friends of the new must needs protect it from coming into disrepute and aborting the purposes for which its parents gave it birth. Montenegro tTsernagora) By Tennyson. They rose to where their sovereign eagle sails. They keep their, faith, their freedom, on the height. Chaste, frugal, savage, arm'd by day and night Against the Turk; whose inroad no where scales Their headlong passes, but his foot step fails, And red with blood the Crescent reelB from fight Before their dauntless hundreds, in prone flight By thousands down the crags and thro' the vales. O smallest among peoples; rough rock throne Of freedom! warriors beating back the swarm Of Turkish Islam for five hundred years, Great Tsernagora! never since thine own Black ridges drew the cloud and brake the storm Has breathed a race of mightier moun . taineers. MONTENEGRO'S PROUD HISTORY Principle and Achievements of Stern Mountaineers Are Landed. PORTLAND. Or.. April 2. (To the Editor of The Oregonian.) In reply to the criticism of Mr. Wittman, from Pendleton, I would like to state that I feel very sorry for the course he has taken, thus plainly showing his lack of proper acquaintance as to the Balk an states in their past and present political situation. As far as Austria being a peace-loving nation or a gov ernment where justice is impartially adminstered, the gentleman has been erroneously informed. I can speak from personal knowledge and my ex perience has been wide, in the political situation of Austria. The first day light I saw was in Austria, and had I been born in the Sandwich Islands thed I would certainly be more proud of the country of my birth. True, it is not our fault where we are born; but no matured man ought to uphold despo tism or peacefully submit to oppres sive laws. Its prefix, "constitutional monarchy," Is a misnomer. While there exists Parliament and lower houses, the whole thing is a farcical play, be cause government does its own will regardless of protest. We see that 27,000,000 Slavonians have not as much legal right in Austria as the 8,000,000 Germans evidently the voice of the people does not predominate. This is plain. Turning now to Montenegro, we see this little state established within insurmountable mountains in the des erts of rocks and ravines, with no fields for cultivation and no roads for communication established for one purpose only that of preserving the last spark of Servian Independence and keeping alive the national spirit, customs and Christian religion against innumerable vicious attacks of the Asi atic hordes. When Turks invaded Eu rope in the latter part of the fourteenth century, they not only conquered the adjacent little states of the Balkan peninsula, but they destroyed the then powerful Servian empire and con quered with devastation all-the Chris tian territory, going to the very walls of Vienna. As the African flood threatened Eu rope from the West during the Moor Invasion, so the Asiatic flood threat ened Europe from the South by the in vasion of the Turk. As the French wall stopped the flood of the Moors, so the brave Slavonic race stopped the tidal wave of the Turkish invasion. The fearless Polish General Sobiev ski with 60,000 cavalry came to the aid of hard-pressed Germans in Vienna and with a stroke drove the Turks south of the Danube. The Turks were thus left in the Balkan peninsula, unmerci fully ruling over the newly occupied provinces, except little Montenegro. In vain they tried to put these brave mountaineers into submission. But all these attempts met with failure. So Montenegro stands today as the smallest but proudest state in the world, and while its history is full of bravery, its life and endurance are full of pathos. One can readily understand that these mountaineers had time only to attend to their immediate wants. The little patches of land here and there were cultivated mostly by their stal wart and cheerful women the men had to fight. These women bore the bur den bravely and shared equally with the men all privations, rather than sub mit to the shameful treatment of the Turks in their harems or elsewhere. Goat's milk, goat cheese and goat flesh sparingly entered into the luxuries of their homes. Women were tne mum. important factor in the history of these mountaineers. Women tilled the soil, they cooked and washed, they attended to their little ones, they bought and sold commodities and they followed their sons, brothers or husbands to the battlefields' with supplies. Such are the women of Montenegro; K . .HhAiiffh nnar lihort v.lnVinfZ although uneducated, brave and cour ageous in danger, neroic in peril, oow In risks and intrepid in jeopardy. They th.l. irwxr miuloat hnmav thPV re- spect their family ties, they are true and virtuous, faithful to their hus bands and hospitable to strangers, a nU hanil nf walcnmA la always ex tended. The dauntless and chivalrous "Lady of the Lake" could easily oe compared with the courageous and gal lant Lady of the Mountains. A alrencs, ia vorv much Hflfer In Monte- negro at midnight than in Vienna at noon., Theft is the rarest crirfie there. Now powerful Austria wants to put impediment to Montenegro's progress. Shame and injustice! But these brave people" will never submit to dictations -y.m antr i . nr o asnaplnllv Till! f TO 1T1 Austria; the arch-enemy of the Slavonic race and the greatest toe to justice mia lihrtv. MiE-ht is rieht: but might de cays and right shines forever in the eyes of all good, true and honest men and before the one wno maae us an. There ought no one to meddle in the affairs of the tilled states. They won their battles fair and square won against odds. So let them alone. Let them rest and improve their internal .Anllillina en that thttV TTlflV Mil Slffl With us in the'enjoyment of this great era of the world's progress, tet us neip them morally if not materially. Let us Bflrr.ttv u-nrk with cenerous heart and kind inclinations to elevate nobler ideas in this so struggling woria. Ana our religious side, may it so advance as to accomplish perfect harmony among all men, where truth, benevo lence, love and science become beacons of light which will show us the real nsth nf Kanniness and right course to that everlasting temple of joy. War is hell. Let us get rid of this human slaughter-house, but not before we raze IV LllC 1 ,J " " 11 ..." .......f-, . . despotism, ignorance, selfVhness, shame and bigotry. If Mr. Wittman could only witness a few acts of Turkish atrocities, such as slaughter of children and forcible re moval of young Christian girls to harems, he certainly would be at least charitable, if not Just in his criticism. S. SARGENTICH. WOMAN RECOMMENDED FOR JUDGE Qualifications for the Bench Are Urged mm Belna; Numerous. PORTLAND, April 23. (To the Edi tor.) I noticed an article in a news paper recently regarding the appoint ment of a Judge to department No. 3 of the newly-created District Court, refer ing therein to-the. fact that Miss Lida M. O'Bryon was a candidate for the office, and seemed to look upon the matter in an unfavorable light; I was sorry to see this, for Miss O'Bryon has many qualities that commend her for this position, and certainly the idea of a woman on the bench has passed beyond the experimental stage. Quite a number of Eastern cities have them, and it has proved remarkably success ful in Denver, Col. Miss O'Bryon has practiced law In Portland some eignt or nine years, and is especially well acquainted with .the troubles that usually .beset the class of people who appear before the Justice Court, either civil or criminal, her practice having been to a great extent been before that department, and where common sense and the law run contrary would be apt to give common sense the benefit of the doubt For seven years she has been re peatedly elected president of the New York Society, the largst organization of Us kind in Portland, in which posi tion, only those who have been close to her know how much she has done in a quiet way for the city and state by helping those from the East who had become discouraged, to better their condition and remain here. She was one of the hardest, most tireless work, ers for woman suffrage, was secretary treasurer of the College Women's Equal Suffrage League, is entirely free of any political alliances, and her sup port comes from whole hearted, dis interested, friendship; I especially ap peal to the five judges of the Circuit Court in Miss O'Bryons behalf, and 1 voice the sentiment of thousands of others. O. H. S. Twenty-five Years Ago From The Orefonlan of April 23. 18M. Washington, April 24. It is said to day that the Republicans of Oregon have invited John F. Swift, of Cali fornia, to stump Oregon during May. Salem, April 24. Articles of Incor poration were filed by the State Normal School Association of Monmouth to day by D. W. Drlskell, A. Griggs, J. B. V. Butler. F. S. Powell and N. S. Butler; value of property. $8000. Articles incorporating the Metalina Transportation Company were filed yes terday by J. W. Troup. H. B. Borth wick and Thomas N. Strong. General T. R. Tannatt, who now re sides at Farmington, has been in town and consulted with General Manager Holcomb, of the O. R. & N.. in regard to the prospects of that company build ing the railroad from Farmington to the Coeur d'Alene mines. Rollo Kirk Bryon, the great car toonist, at the Tabernacle Saturday night, April 28. The first five miles of the Vancouver & Klickitat Railroad is completed and ready for the iron. The fence along the west side of the disused reservoir on Fourth street has fallen down and some of the children who play around there will sooner or later fall Into the reservoir. Attorney F. B. Jolly received a tele gram from HUlsboro yesterday stating that his father, who lives three miles from that place, was very low with fever and was not expected to live. Mr. Jolly recrossed the plains to Oregon from Indiana in 1847. Mr. L. L Hawkins has lately re turned from a visit to Murray. Half a Century Ago From The Oregonian .of April 25, 186S. By Overland Telegraph (Special Dis patches to The Oregonian) by tha Ore gon telegraph line from Salem. San Francisco, April 18. In the United States District Court yesterday a libel suit was entered against the schooner J. M. Chapman by the Government pur. suant to which Collector Rankin seized the craft and now has the same in custody as forfeited to the United States. The suit alleges that the schooner was purchased, fitted out and held for the purpose of being employed in the commission of piratical aggres sion against the Federal Government. Wo have briefly alluded to the open ing of the two railroads which have been constructed by the Oregon Steam Navigation Company in connection with their lines of communication on the Columbia River. The natural ob structions to continuous navigation at the Cascades and at Tha Dalles make a portage necessary at points where deep ravines, steep bluffs, rocky cliffs and frequent landslides cause ordinary roads to be almost impracticable during a large portion of the year. The direc tors of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company decided last year that they would undertake the stupendous work of putting railroads over these port ages. The Cascades road, six miles In length, was commenced on May 21 last and that at The Dalles on March 17. 1862. The cost of these roads, exclu sive of rolling stock, has averaged about $50,000 per mile, amounting in all to $950,000. Washington, March 19. The Virgin ians now in this city contemplate call ing a convention of Union refugees. The real object is to take Into con sideration questions connected with the return of the old State of Virginia to the Union. Francis M. Sargent has been ap pointed postmaster at Olympla. The theatrical1 troupe under the management of Mr. J. P. Dennlson have returned from Dalles and again opened the Willamette Theater. Dawn of a Bright Scholar. Brooklyn (N. Y.) Eagle. "Johnny, I don't believe you've stud ied your geography." "No, mum; I heard pa say the map of the world was changing every day, an' I thought I'd wait a few years till things got settled." Civil Service and Garden of Eden. Washington (D. C.) Star. Adam and Eve were leaving the Gar den of Eden. "It's all your fault." said Adam. "It iBn't either," replied Eve. "It's your fault. You ought to have had us put under civil service so we couldn't be turned out." NEW . SUNDAY FEATURES . Friday and 13 Sound un lucky, don't tlieyf As a matter of fact, they are America's luck iest day and number. An illus ' trated pago of.- rare historical value is presented to prove the point. At the Millennium What will happen when the world conies to an end? Scientists present graphic pictures of the probable phenomana. Theodore Roosevelt The fifth article in his series, "Chapters of a Possible Autobiography." It deals with important episodes in his youth. Bold Texas Rangers An illus trated feature on the daring horsemen who patrol the Texas border. A Humming Bird Coat It is the latest, and eost only $25,000. There are three full pages de voted to fashions and topics, of special interest to women. Oleander A romance by the well-known writer, Anna Mc Clure SholL ' The Woman Behind the Gun She .gets a salary of $10,000 a year, and is worth it, even if she doesn't have to work very hard. An Iceless Arctic When this plan is put through it will .be warm at the North Pole. A Scientific Showgirl This page feature in colors tells of how a chorus girl systematized her job and made it pay. Gibson Pictures Failing to find rest and quiet in the coun try, the widow decides to return home. A feature worth fram ing. A Lot of Other Splendid Fea tures. Order today of your newsdealer.
