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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (April 2, 1913)
n THE -.3IORXING OREGONIAX, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 2, 1913. SUFFRAGETTES 10 APPEALTO AMERICA Colonel Roosevelt and Senator Townsend Asked to Aid Miss Zelie Emerson. TORTURE EXHIBIT COMING Instruments Used In Forcible Feed lag of Militant to Be Sent to United States Mrs. Pank hurst Is Indicted. LONDON'. April 1. The campaign vu continued today with more energy than ever on behalf of Miss Zelie Em erson. of Detroit. Uie militant auffra gette. who la undergoing two months' Imprlaonment In Holloway Jail for win - dow breaking. A cablegram aent to Theodore Roose velt today by Beatrice Harraden. the authoress. Bays: "I cannot believe that American men, a number of whom expressed to me during my recent visit to America, their horror at the system of forcible feed ing, will remain lndlftrrent when they learn that their fellow-countrywoman. Miss Zelie Emerson, Is undergoing tbl ordeal In Ilolloway Jail and is In a pre carious condition." Mrs. H. it. Emerson and the Ameri can suffragettes in London are greatly .pleased at the reported contemplated action of senator Townsend. or juicni n. in taking up the case of Miss Zelte Emerson. Miss Scott-Troy sen the following cablegram to Senator Townsend: "We expect to send you Instruments of torture similar to those being usea on Miss Emerson. After the benate inspection, suggest placing them in the bmlthsonUn Institution. lour inter cession after' the long Inaction of the embassy is a great relief. The collection has been lent by doc tors friendly to the suffragettes. It will be exhibited In American cities. and will afterward be offered as a gift to the Smithsonian Institution. A true bill against Mrs. KmmaJIne Pankhurst was returned today by the grand Jury at the Old Bailey Sessions on the charge of Incitement to commit damage. Mrs. Tankhurst was arrested on February 24 In connection with the destruction of the country residence of Chancellor Lloyd-George. fhe said at a public meeting that she had conspired Kith and incited her followrrs to com mlt the outrage. The offense is pun ishable with penal servitude for maximum term of 14 years. DEPOT'S REMOVAL SOUGHT Railroad Commission Hears Biggs Station Controversy. THE DAUX.'n Or.. April 1. (Spe rial.) Mate Railroad Commissioner Frank J. Miller. T. K. Campbell and C. R. Altchl-on conducted a hearing at Biggs today en aniuel Mill's demand for the removal of the O.-W. R. A N. depot from Biggs to a point cart of that town, which Is 20 miles ea--t of here. Mr. Hill asserts that In 1911 the com. pany promised to remove the station and remedy conditions ox wrtien ne complains. He says the location of the present atation Is Inaccessible from the rlrer because of a series of rapids and rocks, and that It Is at times Im possible to land a boat from his place at Maryhlll. Wash. Mr. Hill asserts that 4090 people the Klickitat Valley. Washington, are Inconvenienced by the present location of the station. From Biggs the Kail- road Commissioners will go to tSrande for a hearing on the telephone rates la I nlon County. Other hear ings are scheduled for Baker and Echo. AMERICAN SUFFRAGETTE IN LONDON JAIL, IN WHOSE . BEHALF CAMPAIGN IS BEGUN IN UNITED STATES, V. REBATING FINES IMPOSED Kaitwar and Milling Company Pay $3000 Kach. MTXXEA POLISH April 1. The, Minne apolis. Ft. Paul & SaultStr. Marie Rail war Company and the Russell-MIUor .Milling Company of Minneapolis were fined $5000 each today for rebating, by deral Judge Morris, of Duluth. after rarh company. fad Tdeaded guilty. The two corporations and Thomas K. Sands, general frelrht agent for the railroad, were Indicted by a Federal grand Jury In October. 1SI. The case against Mr. Sands was dis missed. It was alleged by tho Oovernment that on shipments of grain to the East, through Minneapolis, for milling In transit here and later forwarded to Chicago and Sault Pie, Marie. Mich., such reapplleailon of rates was made as to constitute a violation of the Fed eral autl-rrbatlng law. ! i-' ' - - - -:V - fTrS) - v. ; VOsV I - V.' ' i i - J V .'i !-. j - j 1t 1 WHITE BRIDE OF NEGRO ENDS LIFE Divorced Wife of Brother of St. Louis Candidate for Mayor Is Suicide. MARRIAGE KEPT SECRET MISS ZELIB EMERSON. COURT AIDS WOMEN Function of Morals Tribunal Will Be Extended. TRAINING WILL BE GIVEN Medical Aid and Vocational In struction Promised as Means to Restore rscTuI Lives of Victims ' of Vice. CHICAGO. April 1. Extension of the functions of the morals court, to be opened here next Monday, to medical treatment, education, employment and complete rehabilitation of fallen wom en was announced here today after a conference In the chambers of Munici pal Judge Olson. The court will en deavor not only to stamp out the com mercialization of vice but to restore the useful lives of the women victims of the evil. The use of the wards In several pri vate hospitals and more than 63 beds In county Institutions were pledged for medical aid to women who come before the court. Women physicians, women probation officers and women officials In all departments, where their work is more desirable than that of men, were provided for. Money and aid were pledged by civic "bodies. In response to a statement that res cued women usually are without train Ing. It was announced that the John Worthy School for Unruly Boys soon would be vacated and that the building. fullv equipped, would be turned over to the court as a school of domestic fdence for its wards. The state employment bureau an nounced through Chief Inspector Cruden that It would aid in finding occupation for the wards of the court. WILSON HEARS WOOL TALK fCTrMmiJ From Kirt Prc REWARD OFFER REVOKED legislator1 Failed to Poride Fnnda. Sajs (Vorcrnor. PAUKit. Or, April I. ( Special. 1 De. vlartng that the Legislature failed to make appropriation to pay for future claims for rewards under proclamations issued tn 112 relative to Mind pigs and disorderly resorts, and that It is not de sired to create deficiency claims. Gov ernor West today issued a proclamation revoking the two previous proclama ' tions. The proclamation today revokes the one issued September 7. 11. offering a reward of $104 for Mind ptg convictions, and one Issued October 23. 112. offer ing a reward of f 100 for conviction of owner, lessor or lessee of house, boat. ship, vessel or ary other building used for place If Ill-fame. The new proc lamation Is effective at once. THEODORE MEYER IS DEAD I-cwi County 1 leader of The Ore gon ian for 40 Years Passes. CHEHALJA Wash, April 1. (Spe cial.) Theodore Myer. a Lewis County pioneer who had resided here for the past 49 years, died yesterday at bis home at Alpha, on the south fork of the Newaukura River. Mi Myer. a na tive of Oerniany. was Tt years eld. He leaves a widow and family of grown children. One son. Val Myer. Is Deputy County Treasurer of this county. During his entire residence In this tertian Mr. Myer bad been a regular subscriber for The Oregonlan. having boasted that he bad never missed a . copy of the paper. He also had the sania record as a subscriber for the Cbebaila Ilee-'uggeC , t ermine that certain features of the bill would not be acceptable In the Senate, efforts will be made to have the draft of the bill changed by the House committee or by the Democratic membership of the House when It meets In caucus nest week, so that House and Senate may be brought Into as com plete accord as possible tn support of the House bill. Fate Hss-isg la Balaaee. When the conference between Presi dent Wilson and Representative Under wood ended tonight the free . sugar plan and the 13 per cent tax on wool were hanging tn the balance. Sir. Underwood on leaving the White House would only couchsafe the in formation that some "progress" had been made and that there were no differences between the President and himself and that the majority of bis committee would meet again tomorrow. However, the fight against putting raw sugar on the free list and again retaining the duty on raw wool and over some parts of the tariff revision is understood to have led the President to hesitate tn committing himself on those questions until he has had an opportunity to obtain further light. He will confer over the tariff situation tomorrow and within the next 24 hours communicate his views finally to the ways and means committee, which meantime virtually is marking time. ftlMgle Bill la Ididteated. It was Indicated tonight that free sugar mould remain in the bill, aa tt Is to be introduced by Chairman Under wood, though that conclusion is by no meana certain. If the President con cludes that the pleas for a doty on sugar should be heeded, the committee majority la expected to acquiesce and transfer sugar to the dutiable list. Tbe purpose now la to go ahead with a single tariff bill. Tbe revision will be submitted tn that shape to the Democratic caucus of the House, which can break it up into schedules if it so desires, but the tariff revisionists are disposed to believe that the " caucus wil ladopt the committee's plan. . The President is understood to have agreed with the House Democrats on the income tax plan, which, however, I subjected to change as to rate and the amount of the exemption now provis ionally flexed at from 1 per cent on $1000 to 4 per cent on $100,000. It has' long been known that a ma jority of the Democrats on the House ways and means committee have favored placing raw wool on the free I let Chairman Underwood, however, has not favored free wool, and thus fur has been , able to hold his com mlttce in line, against the personal opinions of a majority of its members. Personally, Underwood is not directly Interested In the wool Industry, but he has maintained that wool should be made . a "revenue producer." Neither Underwood nor any other Democrats believe in protection, but they find good many articles which should be made to produce revenue, and wool is among those favored by Underwood in this respect. Radicals Bold Key. Just what tbe House ways and means committee ultimately will do with wool depends upon the stand taken by tbe radical revisionists on that committee. They have the numbers to vote down Underwood and If they have the moral backing of President Wilson, which they will have If the President yields to Secretary Bryan, free raw wool will be reported to the House. In the last Congress . the situation on the ; com mittee was the same as now, but Under wood was able to bring the majority of the committee into line for his moderate revision plan. This majority. however, is disposed to override Under wood on the forthcoming bill, at least on several schedules, and if 'they ex ercise the power which they possess. Underwood will be compelled to fall in line or acknowledge that the com mittee has gotten out of his control. It seems to be reasonably certain that the ways and means committee will do one of two things: either stand for free raw wool, or an ad valorem duty of not to exceed 16 per cent, which l.s less than half the present duty. Ac. cording to officials of the National Wool growers' Association, a reduction to 15 per cent would have practically the same effect upon the wool industry of the West as placing wool on the free list Twenty per cent, they contend, Is the smallest duty the Industry, can stand without being wiped out. Westerners W ill Blaase Wilson. If this is true tt will be up to the Democratic Senators from the West to say whether or not the Industry shall continue to thrive. There are quite a few Democratic Senators from wool growing states, but . how they will tand. as between the House pro gramme and a higher duty on wool, will depend largely upon the amount of In fluence brought to bear personally by President Wilson. At any rate, it Is sure to come about that if these Sena tors vote for a IS per cent duty, or for placing wool on the free . list, they will make the defense that the Presi dent forced the reduction to the point fixed by tbe House, and that they were obliged to bow to the dictates of the executive or else read themselves out of tbe Democratic party. The wool schedule Is giving Western Democratic Senators deep concern. They do not relish being forced to vote for a reduction which they fear may prove Injurious or destructive to a great in dustry In their states, and on the other hand they do not lute to break with their party now that, after 1 years, it has come into full possession of the Government. Tbey find themselves be tween two Ares, and the prospect is not a pleasant one. Levi P. Morton Improving. J"EW YORK. April 1. Improvement tn the condition of Levi P. Morton, ex-Vice-President of the United States, which followed what was reported to be sn alarming sinking spell yesterday, was maintained today. "Somewhat more favorable." waa the report of his physician this morning, and tt waa said bis condition was unchanged tonight. Ardent Huntress and Horsewoman, Mrs. Julia McFarlane Gerbart, Broods Over Fact That Black Husband Followed Her. ST. LOUIS. April 1. Mrs. Julia Mc- Farlan Gerhart, divorced wife of Charles B. Gerhart, brother of Frank H. Gerhart, Progressive candidate for Mayor of St. Louis, died this afternoon at the home of Mrs. Adeline Cox, as the result of taking poison with sui cidal intent. Mrs. Cox announced that af tar her divorce Mrs. Gerhart married a negro. , Mrs. Gerhart. as she was known here, took the poison that resulted in her death two days ago, and since then had been unconscious. She took the drug after a long spell of brooding, because her negro hus band had followed her from St. Paul to St. Louis and insisted on seeing her. Marriage Follows Divorce. Mrs. Gerhart was divorced last No vember and 15 days later, according to Mrs. Cox. she married a negro, L. W. Kellogg, at St. Paul. Kellogg formerly was butler in the Gerhart home. Mrs. Gerhart was an ardent horsewoman and huntress. In her divorce petition filed last Sep tember she said that Gerhart was worth $300,000, but that since their separation the preceding . April ho had given her but $30 for her support Alimony of $2100 a year was granted her. Kegro Calls at Cox House. Mr. Cox said that soon after Mrs. Gerhart came to her boarding-house to live, the negro, Kellogg, began to call on her. Mr. Cox objected to thes visits, but Mrs. Gerhart announced that the negro was her butler and came to see her on business. About a month ago when the negro called at the house Mrs. Cox refused to admit him. Thereupon he showed a marriage certificate to Mrs. Cox and said: "That woman is my wife. I have a right to see her." Mrs. Cox took the negro to Mrs. Ger. hart and asked if she were his wife. Mrs. Gerhart, according to Mrs. Cox. did not answer. Thereafter Mrs. Cox did not allow the negro in the house. Mrs. Gerhart was a niece of the late Chief Justice McFarlan, of the Mis souri Supreme Court. Ttccord of Lice use "ot Found. ST. PAUL, Minn.. April 1. Inauiry at the District Court here failed to dis close the issuance of a marriage license to Jj. v. Kellogg and Mrs. Julia Mc Farlane Gerhart. Keilogg's name is not listed in the city Directory. EXTRA FOR THE LADIES GLOBE THEATER Today and Balance of "Week "THE AMERICAN PRINCESS" Showing "LUCILE," Ltd. (Lady Duff-Gordon) New York '8 Most Exclusive Fashion House The Princess selects her ward robe from gowns displayed on living models. Great Comedy "Bedelia. Becomes a Lady" Beautiful Costnme Comedy "The Duke's Dilemma'' Florence Turner and Company in "Checkmated" GOOD MUSIC THE OEGAN 10c All Seats 10c IS I OREGON CITY MUX IUGE XAMiE AS JOSSELYX'S SUCCESSOR. Directors Arc Understood to Favor Appointment of Local Man Who Is Familiar With Conditions. OREGON CITT, Or.. April 1. (Spe cial.) The Live Wires at the weekly luncheon today unanimously indorsed Franklin T. Griffith for the presidency of the Portland Railway. Light & Power Company, to suceed B. S. Jos selyn. resigned. The following letter to Charles M. Clark, chairman of the board of directors, was signed by every member of the organization present: While there may be thousands In Kastera states of highest Integrity and ability as railroad, power and light experts to one In the West, from whom you could pick your representative, an Eastern man would not bo known to your customers here, he would be working under great disadvantage, not knowing the country and Its conditions and it would be many months, if not years, before be would gain the confidence of the various communities In which you operate. Tou hare at this time in your employ a man known and respected by all and one whom we believe woold get results from the start In that be knows what tbe people want. We refer to your present chief counsel, Hon. Kranklin T. Griffith. Tho following officers were elected by the Live Wires: Malntrunk line. TJvv StiDD: subtrunk line. Dr. J. A. Van Brakle: transmission wire, K. Ken neth Stanton: guy wire, E. B. Brodie. Main Trunk Line Stipp reappointed Leo S. Burdon feed wire. O. D. Ehj- urged that inasmuch as there had been newspaper discussion regarding the work of the County Court that a committee be named to represent the Live Wires at the mass meeting next Saturday afternoon at Woodmen HalL lie said, there had been criticism regarding the letting of con tracts for bridges and timber-cruising contracts. Main Trunk Line Stipp ap pointed the following a committee to attend the meeting: J. v. iDy. w. a. Ptmlck. M. J. Brown, H. E. Cross and George Randall. A successor to Mr. Josselpn, whose resignation' will become effective July 1, probably -will be selected before the end of the present month. It is un derstood that the directors of the com pany are eager to have a Portland man take the position. Inasmuch as he would be better acquainted with local conditions and more likely able to con tinue Mr. Josselyn-s won without in-1 terruntion. Portland business men are urging tnai a local man be appointed. Among sev eral names already suggested are those of Franklin T. Griffith, attorney for the company: 'F. I. Fuller, vice-presi dent: Charles F. Swlgert, president of the Pacific Bridge Company, and Guy W. Talbot, president of the Pacific Power & Light Company. J. R. KEEP FACES TRIAL Wasco County Grand Jury Indicts) Portland Man, Charging Fraud. THE DALLES, Or., April 1. (Spe cial.) The grand jury of the Wasco County Circuit Court held an adjourned session here yesterday and today, re turning nine indictments. Four of the true bills were against J. R. Keep, of Portland, who was ar rested here several weeks ago on a charge of participating in land frauds. It is alleged that Keep rorged deeds on property in the southern part or Wasco County and then mortgaged the land, clearing up 27,000 by his alleged illeeal transactions. W. G. Chann, or Mosier, was inaictea for assault with a dangerous weapon. A true bill was returned in the case of R. S. Ward, who is accused of at tempting to commit arson. Ward was arrested for starting three tires in the Umatilla Hotel here. Elmer Hill, who, it is said, assaulted Barney Pepper with a dangerous weapon here recently, was held by tne grand Jury. Charles Munson was in dicted on a charge of attacking his Bister. These cases will be heard at the May term of the Circuit Court. BOY, 16, HELD FOR MURDER Youth Accused of Killinc Aunt Is Thought to Be Demented. ROCHESTER. Minn., April 1. Henry Schmidt, aged 16 years, is accused of killing his aunt, Mrs. George Hctzel, at the latter's farm, nine miles from here, early today. He was arrested at the home of William Hetzel. a son of tlie murdered woman. Schmidt is in iall here. and. according to the authori ties, has confessed to the crime and expressed no regret. Leo Hetzel, the 14-year-old son of Mrs. Hctzel, declares that prior to the shooting Schmidt took him to the hay loft In the barn, struck him over the head with the butt of a revolver, then bound and gagged him. He says he heard the shot that killed his mother. and as soon as he could free himself gave the alarm. Schmidt declared that he had in tended to murder Mr. and Mrs. William Hctzel also, the police say. The of ficials believe the boy is demented. RICH GIRL PROBATIONER Passer of Bad Checks to Expiate . Fault Amid Every Jjuxury. LOS ANGELES, April 1. Edna Louise Adams, former society girl of Chicago, who was arrested in this city several months ago on a charge of passing worthless cheeks and entered a plea of guilty, will expiate her fault in a luxuriously appointed bungalow near Los Angeles, with a governess. an automobile and ample funds at her command. Miss Adams began her period of probation today. In granting probabtion to the young woman, toupenor judge McJormlcK stipulated that she must abide by the judgment of her governess in her rec reative indulgences; refrain from cig arettes and intoxicating liquors and that she must act in financial and busi ness transactions in accordance with the opinion of her governess. AIRMAN'S DEATH DESIGNED Army Aviator Deliberately Turns Craft and Drops 600 Feet. LONDON, April 1. Lieutenant Per lekski, of the Russian army, commit ted suicide at Warsaw on Sunday by deliberately shnttlng off the motor of an aeroplane in which he was flying and dropping from a height of 600 feet to the ground, according to a dispatch today. The tragedy was believed to have been an accident until today, when a letter written just before the fatal flight was opened. In It Lieutenant Perlekskl expressed his intention of committing suicide in midair and gave as a reason that he had been a victim of many intrigues. Suspected Burglar Arrested. ETjGETE. Or.. April J. (Special. ) GIRLS! GIRLS! SURELY TRY THIS! DOUBLES BEAUTY OF YOUR HAIR All You Need Is a 25c Bottle of "Danderine" Hair Gets Lustrous, Fluffy and Abundant at Once. Jupnutn -Welle & Co. C nercnancus or -r- j-.eni. Untrimmed Shapes Just In New Patent Milans for $2.75 As the milliner) season grows apace, certain favorites disclose them selves more prominently among the great offering of untrimmed hats. This season Patent Milans in the smaller shapes seem to win great favor. orting to their very attractive styles. They are sewn so finely that at a glance it is hard to tell the difference between these American-made and the Italian Milans. The shapes that we illustrate today are flanged with wide silk velvet, giving them a soft ness that adds to their attractiveness. Besides the styles pictured we show many other becoming shapes. We present them in black and white only, second Floor. First Special Sale Gray Hair Goods To our knowledge this is the first ex clusive sale of gray hair goods ever held in this city. And a mighty good rea son, too. Most hair goods stores are weak when it comes to gray hair selection, but our department makes this a specialty, including every shade from the slightest gray mixture to snow white. Perfect match is guaranteed, and at a price so small as to make you more than contented with the: article you buy. Gray Naturally Wavy Hair Switches 18 inches long, of fine naturally wavy hair. . . .$1.85 20 inches long, of fine naturally wavy hair. . . .$2Ji5 22 inches long, of fine naturally wavy hair. . . .$4.85 24 inches long, of fine naturally wavy hair. . . .$7.85 Gray All-Round Transformations Of fine naturally wavy hair. . ....... ......... .. .$4.95 Of natural wavy convent hair. .$7.85 Mesaanlne Floor, Sensible, Serviceable and Stylish Tailored Suits at $27.50 For Which You Would Not Hesitate to Pay $37.50 Just so long as tailored suits are fashioned in the prevailing styles, just so long will a certain proportion of well-groomed women insist upon having the strictly plain-tailored serge and worsted suit. For years this store has recognized this fact, and has specialized on the superior, better-made, better-tailored and better-materialed tailor suit. The suits hereinafter described came to us by express. They fulfill every demand of women who seek the best in this style of gar ment. They are made of fine imported serges and worsteds, in straight-front and cutaway styles. The jackets are lined with peau de cygne silk, and are made in a variety of novelty effects. The skirts are made in the new gored shapes, and are trimmed to match the jackets. Ratine The Fabric of the Hour Fulfills Our Prediction Practically Exclusive Here A year ago, when ratine first made its appearance in the costumes of Paris dressmakers, we were convinced of its reproduction in washable fabrics, and that it would be the fashionable material for the Spring of 1913. In support of our judgment ne placed liberal import orders, Tilh the result that ne are showing an immense assortment, rvhich ve doubt can be duplicated anywhere. As a customer remarked yesterday. "I am astonished at the assortment of ratine that I find in your store, which is more comprehensive than all the other stores combined, and the styles are infinitely more attractive." SOLID COLOR RATINE 60c A YARD Medium weight in solid colors, pinks, blues, tans and white. 27 inches wide. SILK WARP RATINE 75c A YARD Light weight with lustrous silk finish, in pink, golden brown, tan. heliotrope, blue and jasper. 27 inches wide.- 40-INCH RATINE $1.00 A YARD This is the latest Nub weave, medium weight, in pink, sky blue, cadet blue and white. BLACK AND WHITE RATINE $1.25 A YARD An exceedingly attractive novelty in stripes, salt and pepper effect and checks of various sizes. The very latest creation in medium weight ratine. Charles Green was arrested at Spring field today charged with having broken Into and robbed the postoffice at Junction City on Sunday night. He was first found here In Eugene re covering a bundle which he had cached and from which the officers had takes 22 in stamps and a quantity of pen nies. He eluded the officers here, go ing to Springfield. On him was found a jimmy and a dark lantern. The Fed eral officers have been notified. Immediate? Tee I Certain that's the Joy of It. Tour hair becomes light, wavy, fluffy, abundant and appears as soft, lustrous and beautiful as e, young girl's after Danderine hair cleanse. Just try this moisten a cloth with a little Danderine and carefully draw It through your hair, taking one small strand at a time. This- will cleanse the hair of dust, dirt or excessive oil and In just a few moments you have doubled the beauty of your hair. A. delightful surprise awaits, particu larly those who have been careless, wfceee hair has beea aaglected or la seragrr. faded.-dry, brittle or thin. Be sides beautifying the hair. Danderine dissolves every particle of dandruff; cleanses, purifies and Invigorates the scalp, forever stopping itching and falling hair, but what will please you most will be after a few weeks' use of Danderine. when you will actually see new balr fine and downy at first yes but really new hair growing all over the scalp. If you care for pretty, soft hair, and lots of it; surely get a S-cent bottle of Knowlton's Danderine from any drug store or toUet counter and Just tr lt CAROLINA WHITE with the Chicago Grand Opera Ce- Slnfflnn: Exclusively for tbe GRAFONOLA Hear Records of Madame Butterfly. IVoame dl t'ljcaro, . Robert Ie Dlable. I Psailaccl, Louise, For Sale at Columbia Graphophone Co. 371 Waahlnirtoa SI. and All Columbia Dealers.. Tbe most perfect reproductions of the human voice today are, beyond the shadow of a doubt, those made by the Colum bia Phonograph Company. The records are mam-els of purity of tone and expression produced by perfect mechanism, and it is a constant source of -stratification to me, to have given my exclusive services to the coiumoia raonograpn company. 8