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PORTI.lNn. MONDAY, JANUARY 10, 1913.
" WILSON'S t)NSERVATION POLICY.
Senator Borah's commendation of
President-elect Wilson's statement that
a policy of reservation is not one of
conservation and his definition of the
Western conception of the true con
servation will be indorsed by every
man who really knows the West and
who "wishes to see its resources devel
oped and conserved, but neither wast
ed, monopolized nor reserved. Wil
son's speech encourages hope in the
West that he will reject the guid
ance of Pinchot, who set his own the-j
ories above the law, ana or Aaania,
who assumes the right to nullify an
ict of Congress which does not con-
t Wilson adopt Koran s suggestion
mitffnir our nn.tuara.1 resources in
hands of the people to use, not m
ip. Let him treat the settler at
well as the man who is ac-
r crime, trial is, presume mm
nocent until he Is proved guilty.
instruct special agents that
..... tn eoAk fVniirl whprp
but to find facts whether they
vorable or unfavorable to the
Let him sell the timber in
lonal forests on sucn terms mai
nt of the National forests those great
areas where trees never have grown
and never can grow. Let him unlock
the waterpowers, that the people of
the West may have cheap light ai.d
power. Let him dig the canals Borah
suggests, pour water on the desert and
open the opportunity for many thous
ands to make homes. Let him do all
these things and he will prove himself
i statesman of the first rank one who
sees that the strength of the Nation
rests In the multitude of its home
makers and home-owners, in the use
of its resources, not in placing them
In cold storage.
Conservation is not a party question
and, if Wilson accepts Borates defi
nition of the policy he outlined at
Chicago, he may expect opposition
from men of his own party. But he
will secure the support of men like
Borah among his opponents. He will
have a fight on his hands, but. if he
makes it. he will earn the confidence
and gratitude of the West, whether
he wins or not.
A POPULAR EPIGRAM DISPROVED.
A current phrase frequently used by
agitators for economic revolution Is
the statement of Henry George that
the rich are growing richer and the
poor poorer. This theory is pretty
conclusively proved to be unsound, as
regards Great Britain at least. In an
address delivered by Lord Emmott at
Oldham. England. Lord Emmott
has evidently made an exhaustive and
impartial study of the subject and
states good reasons for the belief that.
In his country at least, the poor, not
the rich, are growing richer.
He bases his conclusion on statistics
embracing the Income tax. consump
tion of leading commodities, rental
value of houses and death duties on
estates. Incomes of 150 and less be
ing exempt from tax, he takes them as
representing the poor. Those who
have incomes between 160 and f"00
a year are the moderately well-to-do
and their number, as shown In income
tax reports, has increased from 601,304
In the year I860 to S0S.277 in the
year 1906. Other facts showing that
this increase Is not due to a decrease
of higher incomes to a point below
700, the conclusion is that It is due
to recruiting to the ranks of the well-to-do
from the ranks of the poor,
hence that the poor are growing richer.
He next takes up the sources of in
come. He shows that in the same 46
years the amount of unearned income,
which is usually that of the rich, has
increased 175 per cent, while that of
earned income above the exemption
limit has increased 250 per cent;
earned income other than wages be
low the exemption limit Increased 100
per cent and wages increased 133 per
cent. Thus the incomes of the well-to-do
show the largest increase, but
no information Is available as to how
many persons shared in the aggregate
Income or each class at the two dates.
A more satisfactory guide, however,
is the per capita consumption of the
main staples of life and of those lux
uries which poverty would cause men
to dispense with first. A rich man
would not consume more of such a
necessity as bread than a poor man,
hence if poverty were on the increase
the fact would show in the figures.
But there has been an increase in per
capita consumption of wheat In the
five years 1905-9, compared with
1S60-4. Poverty would cause men to
stint themselves on meat, but con
sumption has increased since 18S0-4
and has only slightly decreased since
1900-4. Consumption of tea has more
than doubled; of cocoa has multiplied
tenfold; of sugar has increased two
and one-half times; of currants has
increased 25 per cent; of rice has mul
tiplied nearly three times; of tobacco
has Increased over 60 per cent; of wine
has decreased nearly one-half, and of
spirits and beer has shown a slight
decrease. Evidently the poor, being
the vast majority -of the population,
must be living better or there would
be a decrease in several of the items
which show increases.
The class or houses occupied is the
next point studied. If the poor are
growing poorer, the relative number
of cheap houses would increase. If
the rich are growing richer, there
would be an increase of large, costly
houses. But Lord Emmott shows that
the number of houses worth under 10
a year has decreased from 1025 to 794
Mer 10.000 ol population between
1880-1 and 1910-1; that the number
worth 10 to 15 a year has Increased
from 257 to 515 per 10.000, and that
the number worth 15 to f20 has in
creased from 146 to 235 per 10.000
people. The Increase in proportion
continues to be large for each class
until we come to houses worth 61 to
80, when it advances between 1890-1
and 1910-1 only from 14 to 16 per
10,000. For the next class, fSO to
100, the proportion has remained un
changed, but between 100 and 500
there Is a decided decrease for each
class and in the highest class, 500 to
1000. there is an increase only from
.67 to .71 per 10,000. Evidently the
poor, while using as much of the nec
essaries and more of the luxuries of
food than forty years ago, are living
in beter houses and are able to pay
the price without stinting themselves.
The moderately well-to-do are more
numerous, the number who live in ex
pensive houses have actually decreased
and only one person in 250,000 has
risen from among the moderately rich
to the very rich.
The number and value of estates
subject to death duties in 190o and
1911 also disproves the George theory.
The largest increase in number of es
tates subject to duty is in the classes
of lowest value, beginning with those
under 500. and the smallest is in
those of the millionaire class. In ag
gregate value the total amount of each
class of estates has increased in nearly
the same ratio, namely, 20 to S3 per
cent, until we reach the class over
500,000, which has increased from 24
to 17 in number and from 17,500,000
to 3,4.000.000 In amount.
COLLAPSE PREDICTED IN CANADA.
Collapse of the boom In the Canad
ian Northwest is predicted by a writer
in the British Fortnightly Review. He
pronounces much of the land now be
ing "developed" to be of a speculative
character, rapid expansion of cities to
have ner-n made on capital borrowed
too cheap and many lots to have been
sold on Installments to people ' who
have no business to be gamDling at
all. The history of our Western States
is being repeated In that country and
the parallel promises to continue to
the end of the chapter.
An incident of the Canadian boom is
the purchase at extravagant prices of
large tracts of land by members of
the British aristocracy, who propose
to create "estates" in the English
sense of the wofd. Ignorant of land
I'nitioe rtffen icnorant of business, un
willing to work and develop the land.
they are a menace to Canadian pros
perity. The best thing that can hap
pen for Canada is that failure and a
financial pinch should compel these
men to sell their holdings at actual
value to actual producers. The worst
rhino- that can haoDen is that they
should be able to transplant the Eng
lish landlord system to rnis continent,
n t . U hicrh ror t a rinsed OT1 the eXCeS-
sive price paid for' the land and with
tenant farmers of the tmgnsn type.
If Canada breeds a race of idle rich
land owners, who live off and dissi
pate their rent roll, the unitea istates
will do well to let her continue to
finr-ir hv herself. Such a system is
repugnant to the very spirit of repub
lican institutions.
TirE KINDNESS OF MR. BENBOW.
It Is certainly nice of Mr. Benbow to
permit us to have a commission char
ter. We suspect that it would not
be impossible to find some men In
Portland who, it they had a charter
they had prepared all by themselves,
would so admire their handiwork that
they would not permit the city to
have any charter other than theirs,
ti,. nnt Mr Renbow. Instead of pre
senting his own charter and thereby
defeating both It and tne oinciai cnar
ter, he will sacrifice part of his ideas
In behalf of the broad principle of
commission government. To satisfy
Mr. Benbow the official charter will
be changed in a few particulars, and
Mr. Benbow will suppress his own
charter.
norntn is evidence of DUbliC
spirit. Mr. Benbow does not insist
that the changes In tne ornciai cnar
ter shall be radical or sweeping. Those
enumerated so-far are such as one
might suppose could have been gained
from the charter board when it was
drafting the measure. The, troubled
sky is indeed clearing In satisfactory
manner.
But there is still a small cloud on
the horizon known as the short char
ter. It is the personal property of
Colonel Wood. It may be, as it was
once before, submitted with the of
ficial charter and each will throttle
the other. But let us hope that the
consideration Mr. Benbow has shown
the majority of the people will prove
a patriotic example for the few who
demand the short charter or nothing.
What will they take not to initiate It
again? Let us hope that their de
mands, like those of Mr. Benbow, will
be moderate.
Meanwhile the thought ' surges over
us that perhaps sometime some
measure that the majority want will
be held up by one or two men who
cannot be diverted from the determi
nation to fasten their own views upon
the body politic. That there is here
illustrated the fact that the power of
one or two men to defeat the will of
the majority exists so long as paid
petition-hawking will produce a com
peting measure at the polls ought .to
convince the Legislature of the need
of direct legislative reforms.
MAKING YOURSELF BIG.
In his Eugene address William Han
ley said to the students: "Tou can't
make yourself big by making another
little!" Just read that a lew times and
then close your eyes and repeat it, and
keep repeating it for a few moments
until it sinks deep into your heart.
Then you will, perhaps, get the wis
dom of it.
From Mr. Hanley this advice comes
with greater force because he has in
his own life exemplified that very
theory. When he was getting his start
as a poor boy in Central Oregon there
were two great cattle companies there
fighting each other for supremacy
and yet unitedly fighting against the
coming of the homesteader and the
poor workingman to their ranges.
These great firms thought they owned
Central Oregon. The man who wanted
a little piece cf land for a home was,
according to their code, not only an
intruder, but an undesirable citizen.
"What right has a man to take up land
if he has no cattle to put on it? None;
so we will drive this fellow off." That
was the theory of these men. It was
a creed as old as the open range.
They succeeded for a time. Finally
one ranch manager came to his death
at the hands of one of these insignifi
cant homesteaders. He was shot down
on the range with a dozen of his range
riders right at hand. Yet nobody tried
to prevent the killing or to arrest the
killer. "The system" had not been
conducive to making friends. The cat
tle king's hand was against every man;
every man's hand was against the cat
tle kind and against his possessions.
If his life was not safe, how about
his. cattle on the range? . Did the set
tlers ever go hungry for meat? Yes,
often, for many of those settlers were
beyond being driven into dishonesty.
But many others argued that it was
no crime to take meat from those who
hoil mrtM t Via n thuu needed. So theV
considered all of the circumstances and
helped themselves.
Meanwhile Mr. Hanley was plodding
along, making headway slowly but
surely. He spent no time worrying
about the big cattle companies or the
big cattlemen. He was mighty busy
endeavoring to become a big man
himself Tn the course Of events he
got an option on the French-Glenn
holdings, put in his own rancn ana
patHo eaniii-Ail thA "OO" fDoUble O )
ranch and became a. partial owner and
iho miiiir nf this greater company
I hanama fh. rryaQtast f'l ft OT in the
cattle business that Oregon has ever
known.
At the very outset of his career as
Mnnh monao-or- "Mr- Tf M tPV decided tO
make friends and co-workers of the
small landowners and the small cattie-
..nmavo ont ha edt nhnilt tO H O It. An
opportunity occurred very soon. Two
of the range riders came into neau
quarters with the hide of a 2-year-old
hAlfaf zHth tha rennrt that theV had
witnessed the killing and skinning of
the Brute by a homesteader, rue mue
hn the French-Glenn brand: there
were two reputable witnesses who
would srwear they had seen the settler
skin the heifer, bury the hide and then
pack the meat home.
Mr. Hanley told tne naers to Keep
the matter to themselves, cautioning
thim that if he ever heard the matter
mentioned he would discharge them
both. Then he took tne niae to we
fptanfi and npicrhhnr who had com
mitted the deed. Driving up to bis
ranch, Mr. Hanley threw tne nine out
and told the offender to burn it so
there would be no evidence of the
crime. "And," went on Mr. Hanley,
"whenever you or any of your neigh-
i .i t-u (i T-t. nut nf meat, come to me.
Don't kill a fine heifer just come to
me and I will have tne boys Kill a guua
beef for you,. And remember. Hank,
nobody knows, anything about this lit
tle incident, nobody ever will know.
You forget It and I will forget it and
we will be just the same good friends
we always have been."
"You can't make yourself big by
making another little." How true it
is! But it is wonderful how rapidly
you will become "big" by trying at all
times to assist others. That is the rea
son that Mr. Hanley is not only a "big-'
man at home, but a "big" man wher
ever he is known.
FEDERAL JOBS TO FILL.
The sad story of the disappointed
office seeker is about to be repeated
once more at Washington. Many
think they are called but few can be
.hneon Thpir liune-pr for Dlace. pelf
and dignity, rendered keen by reading
that the Government employs im
persons, exclusive of enlisted men and
officers of the Army and Navy, hosts
swarm to the capital and wait many
weary weeks until their funds are ex
hausted and they disconsolately obtai:'
the loan of enough money to take
them home.
In truth, the President has power
to appoint only 10,839 Federal offi
cials, of whom 9846 must be con
bi hv ihp Sonata. All the rest
are appointed under civil service law
or by the superior omcers. tne em
roll of Presidential appointees, how
ever, Is about $30,000,000 a year and
includes all the fat plums on the Gov
ernment tree. First to be appointed
are the nine Cabinet members with
$12,000 apiece, then thirty-two mem
bers of various commissions, . ranging
from $3500 to $4000 each for the Civil
Service Commissioners up to $14,000
to $15,000 for the Panama Canal Com
missioners. Then come the assistant
secretaries, solicitors and heads of bu
reaus in each department with sal
aries ranging from $10,000 down to
$3000. There are a number of com
missionerships, dealing with boun
daries, waterways, fisheries, claims,
International arbitration and various
subjects, which pay from $4000 to
$8000 each.
The most lucrative positions in
point of salary are the ten foreign
ambassadorships at $17,500 each, but
their incumbents are required to
spend so much money in order to up
hold the dignity of the country on
the scale set by other embassies that
none but millionaires can afford to
accept the posts, and these must be
content with glory as compensation.
Then come eight ministers to foreign
countries at $12,000 each and twenty
eight at $10,000 each. There follow
about sixty-five Consuls-General who
draw from $4500 to $12,000, the high
est figure being paid only at London
and Paris, and 241 other Consuls at
from $2000 to $8000 each.
The largest number of Government
employes Is In the Postofflce Depart
ment, "namely 272,813, but only 7953
of these are appointed by the Presi
dent. The four assistants to the Postmaster-General
and the Assistant Attorney-General
get $5000 each. Then
come the postmasters of the first
three classes with salaries of $5000 to
8000 for the first class, 3UUO to
5000 for the second class and $1000
$
to
in
$3000 for the third class. Next
line comes the Treasury with 736
iciriontini nnnnintees. including 122
Presi
collectors of customs ranging from
$12,000 at New York to a lew aonars
in fees at decayed ports, sixty-seven
Internal revenue collectors at $4,500
each, 242 revenue cutter officers at
$2200 to $4000; 132 health officers at
$1600 to $5000 and twenty-six mint
id assay officers at $2500 to x6ooo.
,on onma the State Department with
The
41 positions, Justice with 383, Inter-
lor
with 272. There are dui tew in
nth a Honnrtmpnt? twentV-eight
the
in
rnmmrvjk nd Labor, eleven in
N
avy. six in War and three in Agri-
The Department of Justice has
many fat offices, but the thirty-four
circuit judges at $7000 each and the
ninety-nine district judges at $6000
each hold office for life, provided they
behave better than Archbald did.
There are, however, eighty-six district
attorneys at $2000 to $10,000 and as
many marshals at $2000 to .$5500.
aside from the Solicitor-General at
$10,000 and the assistants to that of
ficial and to the Attorney-General at
$5000 to $7000.
The island possessions offer some
good opportunities. The Governor of
the Philippines receives $20,000, the
heads of departments $15,500 each
and the other commissioners $7500
each. The Governors of Hawaii and
Porto Rico are paid $7000 and $8000
respectively. Guam and the Samoan
Islands are governed by naval offi
cers appointed by the President.
Had Congress adopted Taft's recom
mendation that all subordinate offices
except heads of departments and bu
reaus and their immediate assistants
be placed under civil service rules,
Wilson might have had occasion to
give him fervent thanks before
the new President had stood siege
from the hungry army for a single
month.
Iniection of religious differences in
to the Irish home rule controversy by
the Ulster Unionists has brought
about a vigorous protest from Protest
ant Nationalists. A great meeting of
Protestant home-rulers has been held
in London, at which Conan Doyle,
George Bernard Shaw and many otner
prominent Irish Protestants declared
their belief, in home rule and relig
ious tolerance. The guns of the Or
angemen were spiked during the de
bate on the home rule bill when prem
ier Asquith accepted their amendment
giving Trinity and Belfast, the great
Irish Protestant universities, repre
sentation in the Irish Parliament. The
day is past when religious differences
can be used successfully in political
controversy.
Recent news from Turkey is that
Adrlanople Is not in such straits for
food as has been generally believed.
Before the siege began over 15,000
cattle were driven into the city and
great stores of maize, wheat and bar
ley had been accumulated. Either
these statements were put in circula
tion by the Turks for the purpose of
weaRenlng the determination of the
allies to insist on the surrender of the
city or the Turkish rejection of the
allies' demands is prompted by con
fidence that, if war is renewed, the
Moslems will be able to put up a win
ning fight and hold the city.
Gatun Lake, on the Panama Canal,
Is fast filling by the backing up of
water in the Chagres and will soon at
tain Its intended area of 164 square
irha nttH was rtnt cleared of
vegetation, except along the ship chan
nel, for that would have cost $2,000,
000 and trees now project above the
surface. The lake Is already navigated
by launches, carrying pleasure par
ties, and by canoes in which natives
carry their produce to market. The
lake will become one or tne signts m
the canal zone.
Gov. Super's first act to show his
inrtenendpnre of Murphy is his de-
- .1 .... TneAnh V S-rttt. Mlimhv'S
uiaiiu mho.... . , , .
superintendent of prisons, for the re
moval of Warden uennam, ol mo au-
nvinnn nenharn was k Pit t in Of
fice by Murphy to gratify his rival
boss, Barnes, and scott nas reiusea iu
nA him. We shall be able to
judge by what Sulzer does to Scott
whether he is free from tne iear oi
Murphy. .
gale of the Central Pacific to the
Union Pacific Railroad would carry
out the original design of Harrlman.
Only because Huntington refused to
sell the Central did Harrlman buy con
trol of the whole Southern Pacific sys
tem. His success in effecting that
merger awakened dreams of railroad
empire, which prompted other mer
gers designed to create a system ex
tending from ocean to ocean.
Turkey's reproach to the powers
about broken promises would have
n.nn fY.i-e If the entire history of
Turkey were not a record of broken
promises. The Balkan war itself was
provoked by Turkey's failure to make
promised reform in tne government
of Macedonia.
If Greece were to produce another
Dewey to steam his fleet through the
nowianaiias ha miirht find the Turk
ish ports and mines as great a, bluff
as were those at the entrance of Ma-
-Do., Tn nrnr nnA is itlStlfled In
lint j - -
counting on the notorious inefficiency
of an enemy.
The snow storm causes woe to pam
pered denizens of citties, who wade
through slush, but it causes Joy to
npmAfa onI nlacer miners, who see
in the deep bed of snow abundant
moisture for their crops or siuice
boxes.
Wilson asks New Jersey, the mother
of trusts, to disown her children, but
that state cannot undo the mischief
Anna h- the hrood which It has al
ready turned loose on the United
States.
Tha TTte outbreak reminds us that
Indian wara are not entirely out -of
date, but its smallness snows it to De
one of the last sputterings of Indian
barbarism
Readiness of the Washington Bull
Moose to do anything for an appropri
ation is in strong contrast to their
lofty assumption of virtue before the
election.
That North Dakotan who carried
wife and twelve children down a lad
der while his house was burning is
eligible for any fire department job.
If George Cornwall's plan for chairs
of forestry becomes law, tne service
will be needed about the time the
graduates are ready for work.
Desire for baseball in Australia Is
commendable, but wait until Berlin
plays Paris for Continental honors.
If Warburton's idea to let tobacco
users build the roads be adopted the
chewers should pay double rates.
Imagination Is running riot over the
Valley in developing a nickname for
Mr. Strahorn s electric line.
Reward offered for unbroken New
Year's pledges probably would go un
claimed at this late date.
Either Taft has changed much since
Phlpps last saw him or age is not in
proving Phipps memory.
Atmospheric disturbance is so gen
eral it must be charged only to the
result in November
It is rather a pity the snow does not
extend to Mexico, to freeze out the
barefoot brigands.
The University of California is top
heavy when it finds a tuition fee nec
essary. Invitation to sit in the Cabinet will
be in the nature of a King's command.
Six to ten inches of snow make hard
traveling for the Webfoot.
Rochester is "being good." The Elks
have the "know how."
All fhe solons at Salem need Is to
start a mint.
DERIVING PROFIT FROM GARBAGE
How Two Cities Make Mosey From
Material People Throw Awiy.
PORTLAND, Jan. 18. (To the Ed
itor.) While in Columbus, O., I became
greatly interested in the sanitary and
economical -methods of garbage collec
tion and disposal by the municipal re
duction plant, under the direction of
the Department of Public Service.
The Columbus City Council has laid
broad plans for a thorough and ef
fective plant. All the buildings and
equipment have been devised to make
the operation of handling the garbage
as sanitary and free from objection
able features as possible, and at the
same time recover as far as possible
the by-products that would make re
turns that could be applied on the cost
of collection and disposal.
In view of the question of the pur
chase of Ross Island, it is well to note
that the. Columbus garbage disposal
plant is placed on six-acre tract, and
consists of the garbage loading station,
garbage collection stables, dog pound,
street repair yards, wagon sheds and
blacksmith and street cleaning depart
ment. Thirty-four wagons are used in col
lection. They are built with steel
bodies, mounted on heavy running
gear, and are provided with spring
seats and sectional canvas covers. They
have a capacity of 2li cubic yards, and
the net weight of the loads varies from
one-half to two tons.
The reduction plant consists of a
green-garbage, or unloading, building,
main, . or reduction, building, and a
stable.
The main building contains the re
duction maehinery, including dlgestors,
roller presses, grease- separating tanks,
refining and storage tanks, drying
equipment and evaporators, the boiler
plant, machine shop and wafer supply
pumps.
The part containing dlgestors, presses
and storage rooms is three stories
high, and the other parts one story
high.
The unloading building and the main
building are. constructed with fire
proof steel beams and roof trusses and
concrete floor.
The total cost of the . collective
equipment and reduction plant was
$296,530.82. For the first six months
of 1911 there was collected 7066.13 tons
of garbage. The net receipts from by
products recovered from this amounted
to $29,615.62. The total expenditure for
the collection and disposal of this gar
bage was $15,007.19, the profit over cost
of disposal being the nice sum of $14,
608.43, or a profit per ton of $2.07.
Two of the by-products which helped
make this profit were grease and
tankage grease bringing in $108 per
ton. and tankage $10 per ton. Hides
also broirght $4 each.
It is said that the Columbus method
of garbage disposal is one of the best
In the United States, the cost of col
lection In that city averaging about 2
cents per week for each residence, or
$1 per year per residence.
Buffalo, N. Y., also has a splendid
system of garbage disposal and reaps
a revenue from Its utilization plant.
The salable material which helps bring
in this revenue consists of newspa
pers, sacks, flour bags, rags, tin cans,
iron and bottles, which bring the fol
lowing prices:
Newspapers, per 100 pounds .42
Mbced naDers. Ter 100 nounds. ...... . .32
Manila paper, per lOO pounds........ .60
Charcoal sacks, per 1(M pounds 75
Flour bags, per 100 pound.. 1.7
Baps, per 100 pounds HQ
Beer bottles, each ......a... .01
MiTrt bottles, rjer 100 .' .40
Water bottles, each, 1 cent to........ .03
Old shoes, per ton 6.50
Tin rnns. oer ton 4.50
Tin cans made into nailing caps, ton. 65.00
Scrap iron, ton, 14.TO to io.w
For the year ending June 30, 1910,
the Buffalo plant operating costs were
$38,530.60, and the total revenue re
ceived was $39,175.97.
We must adopt a modern, up-to-date
sanitary method for the disposal of the
refuse of our city. The public health
demands that all waste matter be dis
posed of. It is too much to expect of
poor people to pay the price now asked
for the removal of their garbage.
The facts and figures which I have
given should encourage a deeper inter
est in this very important matter of
the cleanliness and healthfulness of our
city. While we pride ourselves on our
beautiful roses and well-kept lawns,
let us not forget the alleys and cor
ners of the back yards, where disease
breeding piles of rubbish and filth pre
vail. The best thing for Portland women
to do is to see to it that we have the
best-equipped, most modern, up-to-date
garbage disposal plant in the United
States. MARIA L. T. HIDDEN.
BUILD UP THE3 RURAL SCHOOLS
System la Great Safeguard of Present
Governmental System.
PORTLAND, Or., Jan. 18. (To the
Editor.) In an editorial January 16
commenting on Senator Dimick's at
tack on the rural schools, The Orego
nlan hit the nail square on the head,
and a harder stroke would have done
no material harm. There is an old
saying "that the home is the foundation
of society and government." Admit
ting this to be true, I hold It no less
a fact that the common school is the
keystone of our representative govern
ment, and that any one who would at
tempt to lessen its efficiency would be a
political assassin. So cripple the rural
school that the voters of the future
will be incompetent to cast an intelli
gent vote, and' the state will be ex
ploited by political freebooters who
seek to despoil the country by wholly
destroying representative government.
We have builded here in the United
States the greatest government in the
world; and this success has been at
tained because of our representative
form of government aided by our sys
tem of public schools whereby every
child can be educated to vote and act
intelligently.
Too much attention has already been
naid to our institutions of higher edu
cation to the neglect of our rural
schools, thus benefiting the few at the
loss of the many.
I am a firm believer tn higher educa
tion, but am more concerned that the
vast majority of children who, from
various causes, are unable to secure
a higher education, are guaranteed the
greatest possible benefit of their few
years in the. common school.
If It were necessary to do so, a few
thousand dollars taken from tne sup
port we are now giving our institu
tions of higher education and paid
to competent school superintendents,
would insure the best returns on the
Investment of any money ever ais
bursed by the state.
Care and provide for the proper edu
cation of the child iiv the common
school and the perpetuity of our gov
ernment is assured. Neglect tnat eau
cation and we will have a government
controlled by faddists, theorists and
despoilers. s. M. vii.NAHU
Die Wacht am Rheln."
New York Tribune.
The Imperial German library, which
possesses the original text of the na
tional anthem, "Die Wacht am Rhein,"
signed by the author, Max Schnecken
burg, has been further enriched by the
gift of the original music from a per
son whose name the librarian cannot
divulge. The report states that the
"music is written on a quarto sheet
of music paper and bears the signature,
'Composed- on March 10. 1854. by Karl
Wilhelm at Knefeld.'" The sheet ap
pears to have been dedicated to the
composer's friend, Wilhelm Greet.. A
copy of the music, also signed by the
composer, slightly changed, is pre
served at the German Museum at Num.
berg.
The Telephone Invades Jerusalem. .
London Telegraph.
The telephone has invaded Jerusalem,
a system having been installed that
connects official points, business houses
and soma residences.
TERM "WEBPOOT" OBJECTIONABLE
Beaver, However, la Satisfactory State
Nickname, Saya Mr. Himrs.
PORTLAND, Jan. 16. (To the Edi
tor.) Kindly permit me to reply to
F. M. Sebrlng, who wrote in The Ore-
gonlan of January 14. The four lines
he quotes from my article pubiisnea
on January 5, if taken out ol
their setting, convey the idea. It is
true, that I said it only rained 15
inches in the Umpqua and Rogue River
valleys; whereas, what I meant to say
was that in 80.000 sauare miles of the
area of Oregon, which would Include
all of Eastern Oregon and the section
of Western Oregon south of the Cala-
pooia Mountains and east of tne
Coast Range, the rainfall would not
average 15 inches annually. I am
well aware that the rainfall of Douglas
County east of the Coast Range runs
from 30 to 35 inches each year, and in
Jackson County the precipjtatlon is
from 18 to 23 inches yearly.
Personally, I do not object to the
rainfall of the Willamette Valley or
any other part of Oregon. The rain
we get Is our best asset. But I do
object most strenuously to applying a
word Indicating contempt to the state
at large.
While I am not a native of Oregon,
a residence of almost 60 years in the
state, with opportunity to come into
personal touch with hundreds of thou
sands of people, has convinced me that
the careless use of the term "webfoot"
has prevented thousands of people
from coming here to make homes. I
am not alone in holding this opinion
by any means. Scores of business men
In this city will support my conten
tion as a result of their personal ex
perience. "State loyalty" should be the watch
word of every citizen, and I propose
In the future, as in the past, to stand
on the "firing line" in the effort to
promote what I conceive to be the best
Interests of Oregon in every way.
Hence the opposition to a contemptuous
word as a state nickname, or the use
of It in any way. On the other hand,
as already stated in the previous
article, the word "Beaver" suggests
Industry and intelligence. This animal
Is a worker, a builder, an engineer
that sometimes builds dams across
streams that would be extremely dif
ficult for the average man to construct
Some of the most productive land in
our state is the direct result of the
work of the Deaver centuries ago.
Almost every county In Western Ore
gon has hundreds of acres of this
land. GEORGE H. HIMES.
GREAT GOOD IN WIDOWS PENSION
Law Wonld Serve to Keep Families To
gether In Child's Formative Period,
PORTLAND, Or., Jan. 18. (To the
Editor.) Among several splendid bills
before our Legislature Is one for the
pensioning of widows with dependent
children. This form of relief should
commend itself to all thoughtful hu
manitarians. If there is anything de
plorable it Is the institutionalizing of
boys and girls. Experts in child study
recommend that the child be placed
under home Influences, and some com
munities have laws preventing any in
stitution being more than a relief sta
tion from which, inside of a month, the
child is placed in a family home.
It is better to hire a family to care
for and train such children than main
tain them in an institution at less
cost.
The proposal to pension dependent
widows would enable them to' keep
the family life Intact during the form
ative years of the child.
It would ba far better for children
to be with a good mother, day after
day: to have the experience of mutual
responsibitllty in the duties of the
home, to learn to economize and make
the few dollars meet the actual needs
of the family, rather than to care for
them af our best hotel, or in an insti
tution where they never learn the cost
of anything and where they cannot
be trained In the use of money.
In an age when family ties are held
lightly, and when parental responsi
bility is largely In the past tense. It
seems as though this bill is a move in
the right direction, a help toward the
maintenance of the home and family,
and as such recelpients -would be un
der the eye of friendly visitors, who
would have power to see that children
receiving state aid were properly
taught and cared for, the representa
tives will put the state in debt to them
by passing the measure designed to
strengthen family life.
JAMES D. CORBY.
Pastor Unlversallst Church.
SEEDS'OP PISGAH HOME TOLD
Men on Bare Mattresses I Sick Have
Not Proper Food,
PORTLAND, Jan. 18. (To the
Editor.) I find that our friends in the
city are glad to help us in our work
when they know that we need help
and what Is wanted. We have now
nearly 50 men; have served about 25,000
meals in the last year, Bince January 1,
1913, we have served 2007 meals. Al
most every man who comes here has to
have clean underclothing when he
comes. It matters not so much how
old or thin, so we can have them clean.
We also need sheets for our beds. At
the present time sick men are lying on
the bare mattresses.
These things I deplore, but am unable
to prevent until supplies come in.
Changes of linen are positively neces
sary to keep the vermin out. The Vol
unteers of America have sent us beds
and mattresses. We still need pillows,
linen and comforts. Our sick should
have butter on their bread and eggs
and such food as will tempt appetite.
These we are unable to provide. Our
rent, light and fuel has to be supplied.
We are not unmindful of the spiritual
needs of these men and hold services
three times a day, before every meal,
also two services on Sabbath, with two
mid-week services. We need Testaments
so that each man can carry one in his
pocket when he leaves us. Forty-seven
men at the supper table tonight sang
"Over the River" and "Where Is My
Wandering Boy Tonight?" with all the
earnestness and devotion that you hear
in other places of worship. Not all are
hardened in sin and in every heart Is
that which will respond to kind treat
ment when it is really sincere.
"Blessed is he that consldereth the
poor; the Lord will deliver him in time
of trouble." PISGAH MOTHER. ,
Tabor 2492.
A "Young" Man of 100 Years.
Chicago Inter Ocean.
Charles Ashford Shafer, a farm hand
In the employ of Abrain S. Sllker. six
miles from Newton, N. J., recently be
came 100 years old.
His first trousers were dyed with the
Juice of walnut hulls.
His first Presidential vote was for
Andrew Jackson in 1834.
His teeth "broke down" early in life,
but he never has worn glasses.
He never was ill until 190Z, when he
had the grip.
He has chewed tobacco since he was
a.
He still shaves himself and says his
prayers.
Last Fall he won the corn-husking
championship of Sussex County.
When he was 85 ha walked five
miles from Johnsonburg to Newton in
65 minutes.
Oar Coal Trade Yet la Infancy.
Pittsburg Gazette-Times.
According to Geological Survey es
timates only about one-half of 1 per
cent of the available coal In the United
States has been mined.
Decrease of Infant Mortality.
New York Press.
In New York infant mortality has
been reduced from 185 a thousand to
160. principally by philanthropic efforts.
The Brotherhood of Birds,
By Deaa Collins.
Winter's slipped one over on us
'Buried us in snows:
And la grippe and Influenza
Seize us by the nose;
Beautiful may be that mantle
Of the snow-flakes white.
But, for one, I'm not delighted
With the lovely sight.
Misery aye wants companions.
Let me seek to know.
Something that will share my feelings
'Bout the chilly snow
Little birdie, little birdie.
Sadly flitting by.
You're not stuck upon this weather
Any more than I.
Misery loves company
Birdie, have a crumb on me!
When the Spring is tingling round W
And when Summer flames,
English sparrow, I may call you
Naught but naughty names;
I may curse your self-assurance.
And your brazen gall.
And your saucy disposition
And your voice and alL
But today I make armistice
In the snow, you see:
You and I are, for the moment.
Chums in misery.
Gather round, I have no brickbats.
With a broom I'll scrub.
I
alk
Clear the enow from oft the sidew
Where I'll strew you grub.
Misery loves company
Birdie, have a crumb on me!
Grossbeak, snowbird, roving robin.
Join the sparrow bunch.
'Tls no time to pick companions
At your Winter lunch.
In misfortune we are brothers.
Stern adversity.
Hath declared a truce between lis-
Have a crumb on me.
Later on, when Spring advances
In the balmy weather.
Old relations may renew
Now, come sup together.
Winter maketh no distinction.
Frowns upon us all:
So I say, while on the pavement
Scattered breadcrumbs fall:
"Misery loves company
Birdies, have a crumb on me!"
Portland, January 19.
Half a Century Ago
From The Oregronian of January -0, lfirt.1.
Cairo. Jan. 11. A Memphis dispati U
this morning says that McClernand h a
marched to Vicksburg and superseded
Sherman. Sherman's repulse was com
plete. The entire force under com
mand of McClernand had embarked on
transports, closely pursued by rebels'
advance, which, coming within range
of the gunboats, were driven back with
severe loss.
New York, Jan. 11. The steam
Creole, from New Orleans, has arrivii
She reports that the gunboat Clifton
arrived at New Orleans on the Sd Willi .
news that the rebels had made an at
sault on the Federals at Galveston on
the morning of the 1st Our gunboats
were attacked by five rebel steamers.
The Harriet Lane was captured. The
officers, including the captain and crew
130 in all were killed by musketry
from rebel Bteamers. The gunboats
Clifton and Owasco were engaged, but
escaped. Galveston was evacuated.
The Canoe and Saddle Theodore
Winthrop has Just published a book
with the title which forms the caption
of this article. It is principally de
voted to descriptions of scenes and
adventures in Oregon and Washington
Territory. Two notices calling for volunteers
were posted at the Postofflce building
yesterday. One of them recounted the
experience of the writer in the Cayuss
or some other war, and advised all
persons to beware lest they failed to
be paid for their services, if they ea
listed. REGULATING SALE OF FIREARMS
Mere License More Likely to Promote,
Than Minimise Crime.
PORTLAND, Jan. 19. (To the Edi
tor.) I have recently noted consider
able press sentiment against the use
of firearms. Some would prohibit the
owning of firearms by reputable cit'
zens. Persons who are agitating th
move most likely are those who hav
been fortunate enough to enjoy the.
natural lives in a period when nothln
more than an occasional case of vlo
lence occurs to disturb the peace. The
do not recall conditions recorded I
history of other days when peace .1
not reign in our land. They probab '.
believe we have no further use for tt
Implement which has assisted very ei
fectively in securing this beautlf
condition of peace. !
The question that is bothering the
few well-meaning, peace-loving clt
zens is: Should the American publ
be allowed to purchase firearm.
Facts, according to best advices pro
curable, are that legal regulation
the sale of firearms does not aecom
plish the end in view, namely, reduc
tion of violent crimes. According ti
advices from the files of the Pinkerton
detective agencies less than 50 per cei i
of murders are cornmitted with til -arms,
not practically all, as some wou I
have us believe. Ten per cent of mur
ders are bona fide self-defense, 2W pet
cent by maniacs. 2H per cent Sicilian
a r H WannlUnn vendetta, and IV Del
cent unwritten law cases. Note the!
small percentage of unwritten law
cases and maniacal murders. The two
classes total 4 per cent.
In the cities of New York and Chi
cago, where It is next to impossible
for the most reputable citizens to arm
themselves, no matter what the condi
tions are, we find automobiles filled
with desperate men running amuck
shooting men in absolute fearlessness.
Facts show that crime has Increased
rather than decreased since these strin
gent laws have been put in effect In
these cities.
There is a way to prohibit the owning
of firearms by criminals. In fact, if
this idea were carried out and made
a law, a crook or a man with a crimi
nal record with an lmDlement of death
in his possession or on his persoi I
would be, indeed, hard to find. Mak.
the law more effective by strict eu 1
forcement with no good behavior el 1
lowance and one-half the time serv I
in solitary confinement, and double 4
penalty for the offenses of the pa 4
found sruiltv. provided he ha any c ?
of an implement of death in his I s
session. This would be an easy nd
effective manner in which to handle
these cases. ,
It will not assist the matters any to
take the revolver out of the homes oi
made it next to impossible for the law
abiding citizen to purchase firearms for
his own protection, nor will It in any
way assist matters to charge the dealer
sl license to sell firearms. This can In
no way assist any In attaining the
point desired, tnat oi Keeping tni
weapons from the hands of despeiate
men. J- A- ADDLEMAN,
1299 East Thirty-second Street N.
Rules an to Turkish stamps.
London Tit-Bits.
Because of a passage In the Koran
forbidding the making of Images. Mura-
lsh postage stamps have no picture, our.
bear instead the sign manual of the
Sultan, which iB, In fact, an Impression
of his imperial hand. This signature Is
said to have had its origin with the
Sultan Murad I. who. 'on completing a
treaty with the Italian Republic of
Ragusa In 1365, and being unable to
sign his name, applied ink to his open
hand and slapped It upon mo parou-
ment.