TITE 3TORXING OREGOXTAN. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 1, 1913-
GOSPEL OF MODERN FARMING, SPREAD
BROADCAST, GAINS DESIRED RESULTS
Revolution in Agricultural Practices Takes Place Growing of Grains and Raising of Livestock
Brought Up to Date Demonstration Farms Have Strong Influence.
F .Ov
v'Vsirs ?rsn.-' - win
cooking exhibits were boused under
tbe grandstand, while the poultry and
livestock were placed. In one of the
regular bams. Thousands of people
visited the exhibits, and it was agreed
by all that the products brought by
the children rivaled in excellence those
of their elders.
Throughout the state I have asked
the teachers to make some recognition
of the work done by the children In
the homes. Every day brings reports
of teachers who are working out this
Idea to meet the needs of their partic
ular localities. Last Spring I issued a
bulletin outlining the plan, and, sug
gesting a few ways by which the
school could be brought into closer
touch with the home. A writer in one
of our local newspapers says: "It is'
the testimony of the parents where
this plan has been tried that the
children are co-operating with them
and becoming interested in their homes
as never before. One mother said it
seemed that her duties were reduced by
half, and that the children were eager
to do more, for more work meant more
school credits. Conditions are revers
ing themselves instead of the parent
saying 'You must do your chores or I
shall punish you,' the child is asking,
'Isn't there something more I can do?" "
' The number of high schools in the
state is increasing each year. Seventy
five per cent of the children of Ore
gon who complete the eighth grade,'
By Dr. James Wltbyeombe, Director Orecon
Experiment Station.
CAPITAL Invested In the operation
of the farm is bringing in greater
returns each year. This Is due to
agricultural education. The progress
iva farmer reads the best papers and
periodicals devoted to his vocation and
takes advantage of every opportunity
to gain information. He no longer
ridicules book-farming but realizes
that agriculture Is a fruitful field for
endless thought and Investigation.
The agricultural development of
Oregon Is due to a number of educa
tional agencies. Among these we may
mention the Grange. Farmers' Insti
tutes, demonstration trains, farmers'
week and the Winter short course of
the Oregon Agricultural College, the
work of the experiment stations and
demonstration farms, the press, ex
periment station bulletins and the
United States Department of Agricul
ture farmers' bulletins. These educa
tional factors have had their influence
In developing better methods of hus
bandry. r
Any one acquainted with farm prac
tices of the past will note the changes
which have taken place. Instead of
the bare Summer-fallow In Western
Oregon, fields of clover, vetch, corn
kale, rape and other forage crops can
be seen. It Is not unusual to find, in
districts where a few years since farm
ers declared clover could not be sue
cessfully grown, fields yielding from
two to four tons of clover hay an acre,
or from 50 to 1100 worth of clover,
seed an acre. Farmers have also
learned that it is better to market their
hay and grain in the form of livestock,
butter fat and eggs than in the bale
apd sack.
Although the livestock Industry has
not been brought up to its highest
standard, there has been a marked im
provement. There are more and bet
ter herds of dairy cattle, more and bet
ter swine, and the sheep and the draft
horses have been greatly Improved.
Attention has been given to special
crops and greater care has been exer
cised In seed selection. Variety adapt
ability has received more thought.
Farmers are beginning to realize the
importance of variety and environment.
Great wastes have been eliminated
through the selection of seed to suit
certain climatic and soil conditions. A
variety of cereals, for example, which
would be excellent for some localities
would be practically worthless for
others. In the higher altitudes, where
the growing season is somewhat short,
varieties are selected which will ma
ture quickly. This question of selec
tion is becoming very well understood
by the farmer.
Agriculture is comparatively new in
much of Central Oregon, but despite
this fact the industry has made great
progress. Contributing factors to this
end have been the extension work
done through the demonstration trains,
farmers' Institutes and traveling agri
cultural advisers, and the demonstra
tion fa.-ms. Excellent results were ob-
Iiineu on me acniuiiMraiion mrrns ai
Redmond and Metolius last season.
These were splendid object lessons for
the number of farmers who visited the
farms from time to time. . The success
of the various crops was published by
the local papers, which gave it a wide
range of publicity. Much co-operative
work in connection with these farms
ras carried on among the farmers of
the district aDd the superintendent and
his assistant acted as agricultural ad
visers. They visited a large number of
farms and helped the farmer In the
most practical way to solve his own
problems. This seems at present to be
the very best form of agricultural ex
tension work.
In the older agricultural sections of
Eastern Oregon almost a revolution' in
agricultural practices has taken place
within .the last few years and espe-'
clally during the past season. For
merly wheatgrowing, with the smallest
possible number of livestock, was the
prevailing practice. Fields of corn,
field peas and alfalfa now dot the
landscape Instead of exclusive wheat
and the barren fallow. Since the suc
cessful demonstration that corn and
other forage crops can be grown in
rotation with wheat, the livestock pro
duction has greatly -increased. Even
dairying has made a good showing In
some dry farming districts, but the
greatest increase is perhaps in the
production of swine. The demonstra
tion train and the traveling agricul
tural adviser, maintained by the
Tri-County Development League, are
entitled to much of the credit for -the
changed conditions. There has also
been a marked improvement in the
horses kept on these wheat farms. The
farmer has learned that he can grow
economically a very high-class work
horse that is very popular and in great
demand In the city, hence the produc
tion of a very serviceable class of
horse Is becoming one of the features
of the district.
Since it has been definitely deter
mined that alfalfa, corn, field peas and
other forage crops can be grown, this
solves the problem of the economical
growing of the pig, and if the present
good prices for hogs are maintained
wheat is worth at least 50 cents a
bushel more for hog feed than the
present price paid for export. There
seems to be no good reason why Ore
gon should be bringing in such large
numbers of bogs and quantities of
pork products. Practically all of East
ern Oregon Is well adapted to the
economical production of hogs and, In
stead of bringing in, we should be
shipping out great quantities of pork
products. From the present rate of
development of the industry, it Is prob
able that this will be the condition
within a few years.
For the more rapid development of
agriculture in this state a vigorous
campaign of education should be un
dertaken. A good beginning has been
made. The state and National Gov
ernments are maintaining six experi
mental farms, which are very well lo
cated geographically. In addition to
these, two demonstration farms were
operated in Central Oregon, which
were supported by. funds subscribed by
the railroads, commercial organizations
and Crook County. At present the
United States Department of Agricul
ture Is partially supporting two agri
cultural advisers, one- in Wallowa
County In co-operation with the O.-W.
R. & N. Company and one at Salem In
co-operation with the Salem Board
of Trale and the Chicago Grain Ex
change. In addition to these agencies,
tbe farm, orchard- and garden pests
are fairly well cared for under the
crop pest fund of $15,000 a year. This
enables the experiment station to main
tain six scientific experts in the field
working out methods of control and
giving growers advice relating to plant
diseases.
This work could be ' supplemented
profitably by maintaining a limited
number of agricultural advisers, also
by the continuance of the demonstra
tion farm work in Central Oregon and
the establishment of a demonstration
dairy farm in co-operation with Tilla
mook County and special horticultural
investigations in co-operation with
Hood River County.
The agricultural and Industrial work
among school children, supported by
the State Bankers' Association, Port
land Union Stockyards, office of State
Superintendent of Public Instruction
and the extension department of the
Oregon Agricultural College, is giving
excellent results and is destined in
time to be an Important factor in the
agricultural and industrial development
of the state.
Money wisely expended In promot
ing agriculture is the best investment
for the state. The latest agricultural
possibilities of Oregon are almost in
calculable. Agriculture Is and always
will be our principal source of wealth.
LIBRARY WELL PATRONIZED.'
Few, if any, city libraries in the
United States have a larger per
capita circulation of books than
has the Portland Public Library.
This Institution during the past
year circulated 1,036,894 volumes,
a gain of 32 per cent over 1911.
This is equal to four books for
every resident, placing the city's
population at 257,490, the direct
ory census. The more extensive
use of the library privileges by
Portland citizens has made
necessary the erection of a new
and more commodious building,
which is now under construction.
The annual book circulation of
the library, which Is not a Car
negie institution, follows:
1900... 57.895 I 1911... 785,660
19U5... 177,076 I 1812 . . . l,U3b,33
1910... 552,722
go on to high school. A high school
within the reach of all of the people
or rural high schools are made possi
ble by the Union High School law,
and the County High School Fund law.
This latter was made effective in Mult
nomah and Lake Counties at the No
vember election, and is now in force
In nine counties.
All phases of industrial work are
being taught In the Oregon high
schools, and we are particularly fortu
nate in securing the consent of the
State University to give credit for all
such work. In other words, our high
schools give a well rounded and fairly
complete education. For those who are
able to go on to secure a higher edu
cation, the University does not Insist
upon an ironclad set of college re
quirements, but takes the pupils and
gives them credit for all the worJc done
in high school.
Teachers' training courses are prov
ing very popular. Many of our four
year high schools are employing a
normal-trained teacher to take charge
of these high school students who ex
pect to teach. The students are given
a good course' in the practical side of
teaching, methods, use of school
blanks, school laws of Oregon, history
of education, and one good work on
pedagogy. Upon the completion of this
course the students receive a one-year
limited state certificate, without ex
amination. The best part of this course is that
it gives the prospective teacher a de
sire to secure a thorough professional
training. Those who expect to take up
high school work go to the State Uni
versity, or - some other college offer
ing a course In education: those who
wish to -do special work go to the Ore
gon Agricultural College, while those
who expect to fit themselves for gram
mar grade teachers, principals or su
perintendents go to the State Normal
School. The new certificate law is do
ing . much to raise the standard of
teachers. Many trained teachers from
other states are coming to Oregon be
cause the graduate of a standard nor
mal school or of a university having
a department of education may receive
without examination a certificate to
teach in this state. This tends to make,
those in Oregon who wish to teach
first prepare themselves by a good
professional course.
The greatest problem in the publio
school system today is how to make
the rural school equal in efficiency to
the town or city school. The study of
practical agriculture will help to make
the school fit the community in which
it is situated. Oregon is well adapted
to poultry raising, yet she does not
produce enough eggs to supply her
The Delivery of Kilk
When the milk you re
ceive is clean to the last
drop, free from any possi
ble harmful germ by pas
teurization, is such that
your children and your
family can absolutely de
pend upon. for purity and;
nourishing qualities, you
are obtaining not the mere
setting of a standard, but
the highest standard that
the attention of the chem
ist, the bacteriologist, the
veterinarian and the serv
ices of men, with years of
experience, skilled in tech
nical knowledge can set.
and you will know that you
are getting from us the
best that science can pro
duce and money can buy.
Ue
Damascus Creamery
433 HAWTHORNE AVE.
East 3340, B 6155.
conditions of the rural schools. At the
beginning of the year the County Su
perintendent outlines a definite plan of
work and certain things to be accom
plished during the year.
On the whole, the public schools of
the state are progressing, modern san
itary buildings are being constructed
in. all of our cities and towns, indus
trial work is being taught in most of
our high schools and Is rapidly being
introduced into the grades. The state
may be proud of its university and its
normal' school and its agricultural col
lege. However, if our state Is to con
tinue to prosper and its resources are
ever going to be developed fully, all
must unite to make the rural schools
a place where parents will feel satis
fied to send their children.
Don't You
Want Country
Trade? You Can Get It
By Using the
Country Press
The most conven
ient, effective and
economical way is
through the
Portland Newspaper
Union
92-94 Front St.,
Portland, Or. .
Box 131. .
Phonest Halm 6464, A 3264.
SCHOOL ENROLLMENT BT
YEARS.
Enrollment in public schools in
Oregon has shown considerable .
gain every year. In 1900 there
were 89,405 pupils registered,
while in the past year there were
130,268. A table showing the
school enrollment by years follows:
1900 89,405
1905 100,534
1906 100.898
1907 102,662
1908 107,493
1909 114,464
1910 118,412
1911 124,439
1912 130,268
COFFEE
TEA SPICES
BAKING POWDER
EXTRACTS
JUST RIGHT
ESSBE
CL0SSET&DEVER5
PORTLAND, ORE.
STUDY OF AGRICULTURE IS
NEW BRANCH IN SCHOOLS
Greater Attention to Rural Institutions Is Now Need in Oregon
Progress Made During 1912.
own demands. This year through the
school fairs we expect to lay special
emphasis upon poultry contests, and
make as our goal the raising of enough
poultry products by the school chil
dren of the state to pay the cost of
public schools.
The new supervisory law is intended
particularly for the rural schools. In
the cities and towns we have close su
pervision, and all will agree, satisfac
tory and efficient service. We are
paying in such schools about $33 per
capita for the child's education, while
for the country child's education we
are paying about $13 per capita. In
the rural schools without the super
visors, there Is practically no super
vision, once a year being as often as
It Is possible for the County Superin
tendent to visit the schools. The su
pervisors not only help the teachers to
make their work more effective, but
they visit the directors and school pat
rons, hold parent-teachers' meetings in
each community and thus arouse local
pride in the betterment of the school
system. Reports from nearly every
county where the law is in effect show
that much is being done to better the'
BELL & CO.
INC
COMMISSION
MERCHANTS
WHOLESALE FRUITS
AND PRODUCE.
112-114 FRONT STREET
PORTLAND, OREGON
By L. R. Alderman, State Superintendent of
Public Intttracnun.
A DEEP and widespread interest in
the study of agriculture, do
mestic science and manual train
ing; a steady increase in the number
of high schools; a vigorous attempt
on the part of the teachers of the state
to bring the schools and the home into
a closer relation by the home-credit
plan, and the securing of a firm and
permanent position in our educational
system of a State Normal School are
some of the most Interesting signs of
progress Is the work of our public
schools for the past year.
New life was put into the study of
agriculture through the school fairs
held in every county excepting one the
past year. By far the most interest
ing feature of the State Fair was the
Industrial exhibit of the schoolchildren
of the state. The State Educational
Department, in connection with tbe
State Bankers' Association and the
State Agricultural College, inaugurated
a plan last Spring for a series of fairs
for the children, and the State Fair
Board set aside $1000 to be given in
prizes for their exhibits. In addition
to this generous backing, public
spirited citizens from all parts of the
state, including stockmen, poultrymen,
orchardists and merchants, offered a
large number of choice prizes amount
ing in value to more than $2500. Three
thousand exhibits were made at Salem
by the schoolchildren of the state. Gar
des products, woodwork, sewing and
THE LABOR COST
as charged by your printer is the same whether a good or a cheap
letter head paper is used,
STRATHMORE PARCHMENT
is the best product of the art of Paper-making. Send to us for the
Strathmore Parchment Test Book.
It shows the difference.
STRATHMORE PAPER COMPANY
Successor to
Mittineagae Paper Company, Mitt ine ague, Mass., XT. S. A.
Albers Bros.
Milling Co;.
CEREAL MILLERS
Manufacturers of
VIOLET OATS
PEARLS OF WHEAT 4
PEACOCK BUCKWHEAT j
COLUMBIA OATS i
COLUMBIA WHEAT ; ;
ALBERS PANCAKE FLOUR!
MILLS
Portland, Oregon Seattle, Washh igton
San Francisco Cal. Tacoma,Washi; ajton
A Question of Your He filth
Agitation among thinking people over the qnestion
of Table Foods is raising the standard of al food
products. . '
The housewife should purchase her Table Fo f ds by
brand just as she would an article of wearing irpparel
of special brand or design. I
If the housewife is seeking the health and weJ-being
of her household she will familiarize herself ninth an
established brand of Table Foods, that stands for i ill that
is pure and good and healthful.. . .. J ,'
"When you think of Table Foods think of our biritnd
and ask your grocer for i . '
Wadhams & Kerr Bros. "
BRAND
WHOLESALE GROCERS
Portland, Oregon
McNEFF BROS.
DEALERS
HOPS
GROWERS
614 WORCESTER BUILDING
PORTLAND, OREGON, U. S. A.
Telephones: Main 8881, Home, A 1178
iiiwniiiii
BRANCHES
Puyallup
North, "jj'akima
Santa I bosa .
Sacramento :
Salem !
Minium aiiiiiiiiiii
ANNOUNCEMENT
We wish to express our gratitude and thanks to the many! patrons
for their loyal support through the past year. We can onl:f attrib
ute our crowning success to you In patronizing a family laurtilry that
is ever progressive and striving to please. Our Motto: " Peace on
Earth and Good Will Toward Man," combined with good mi rk, and
attention to all detail. Is fast bringing us to that goal irlilch we
are ever seeking SUCCESS. l-:
Thanking you for your kind consideration In the past, and fa oping- a
continuance of same, we wish to extend the season's greeting by
wishing you a Merry Xmas and & Happy New Tear. .
' i
The Portland Laundry Co.
CITY DYE WORKS
H. ENKE, Prop.
Dyeing and Cleaning of Every Description
Main Office,
East Third
and Ash.
Phone
East 194,
B 1194
SPECIALIZING
IN
Ladies' and Gentlemen's
Fine Wearing Apparel
We Call and Deliver '
W est Side
Oiifice, 65
Sixth St.
' Phone
M; un 1713,
.11713
Use Royal White
Laundry and
Steam Refined
Borax Soap Man
ufactured by
Luckel King & Cake
Soap Co.
Clean Washed Wipers
Always in tock
The Overall L aundry
& Supply Co.
Phome East 1 tf3.
Foot of Market Street
Port'ani Or.