vm? MnpvTvr. ni?Ff;nTTiV MfiTAY. XOVEMBEE 18. 1912. r
i '
t (Busman
PORTLAND. OREGON.
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econa-class Matter. . .
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TJ U 1 II.
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Daily. Sunday Included, three montBS. .-.-
Duly. Sunday Included, one month..
Dally, without Sunday, alx months....
Dally, without Sunday, three montna..
Daily, without Sunday, ono montn
Weekly, one year
Sunday, one year.
Sunday and Weekly, one year
8.25
1.75
.60
1.50
2.50
8.50
(BT CARRIER.)
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nti Btiniiiw inriuded. one montn.
.00
.75
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double rate. .
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PORTLAND. SUNDAY. NOT. 11.
A SCi'GLE TERM AS PBE6ED-EXT.
President Taft would be more than
human If, In advocating a single term
fnr tha President, he had not two
things In mind. One Is that an
amendment to the Constitution m ak
in c aiieh. a change would exclude
Roosevelt from all hope of ever again
occupying the White House. The
other Is that his speech at New Tork
serves to remind the Democrats of
their platform pledge to Introduce and
support such an amendment, though
by so doing they would call upon wn-
son to limit his ambition to a single
term.
History affords abundant evidence
of the -wisdom of a single-term liml
tatton and of a longer term. We
" know by experience that four years Is
too short a time for a President to put
his policies In effect and to show their
results. This fact Is so .generally rec
ognized that it has come to be taken
as a matter of course that a President
serving his first term will be a candl
date for a second term. Lincoln and
Grant were both elected to second
terms. Hayes was an exception to the
rule, because the circumstances of his
election and his unpopularity deprived
him of hope of nomination. Cleveland
sought a second term, and after an
interval of four years secured it. Har
' rison ran a second time and was de
feated. McKinley was elected a sec
ond time, and Roosevelt, after serv
ing out McKlnleys unexpired term
was elected to what he himself called
a second term. The result of Taft's
pursuit of a second term is fresh in
all memories.
Had these men been allowed to
serve six years with the knowledge
: lhat their fame would be made or
spoiled during that period, they would
have devoted their "undivided atten
tion to giving the country a good ad
ministration. In many a contingency
1 where public duty and political expe
diency conflicted, the former Instead
of the latter would have carried the
. day with them. When they persuaded
themselves that both duty and expe-
- dlency dictated the same course, re
'.. moval of the unconscious bias due to
the opportunity for a second term
" ' might have enabled them to see their
3uty to decide otherwise. Even tnougn
they hewed strictly to the line of duty,
the energies of both themselves and
their subordinates would have been
' diverted less from their official duties
- by Dolltical work.
There are some objections to the
single-term amendment. One is that
. the President would be apt to groom
' one of his lieutenants for the succes-
sion. It is now generally conceded
that but for Roosevelt's Influence Taft
would not have been nominated or
elected in 1908.. The lesson of Taft's
failure Is that. In order to succeed, a
candidate must have inherent fitness
and a personal following, and must
make the fight on his own meritsThe
general adoption of the direct Presi
dential primary, which is probable be
fore another election, will, however
prevent another President from dic
tating the choice of a candidate to his
! party and of a President to the people
- as Roosevelt dictated the choice of
. . Taft. In a direct primary, official in
fluence Is at a discount, indeed might
Injure the chances of the man In
" whose behalf It was exerted. On the
. other hand, the President might allow
his eligible subordinates to get more
fully "in the limelight" than Is natural
" with a man ambitious to be his own
successor, and might encourage among
. them a fair fight for the succession
with no favor.
Another objection to the single term
is that an emergency might arise in
our National aiffars which imperatively
demanded continuity of policy. This
, assumes a poverty in Presidential tim
ber which the people are not willing
to admit. In a grave emergency
where continuity of policy was essen
tial, some one of the President's lieu-
. tenants could be chosen to secure it.
There need be no fear that a capable
man could not be found in this man
ner, especially as the President would
have no selfish reason for keeping
good material in the background.
As the Democrats are bound in good
taith to introduce a single-term
amendment, and as Republicans, in
view of the recent campaign, have
every reason for supporting It, there Is
; good ground for the expectation that
the votes of the states will be taken
In time to make the amendment oper
ative in the election of 1916. Thus all
three of this year's candidates Taft,
. Roosevelt and Wilson would be in
eligible in that year, if three-fourths
of the states approve the change. We
should have new men among whom to
make a choice.
Marshall may be the first Vice-President
to sit as a member of the Presi
dent's Cabinet. Wilson Is said to con
template inviting him to join his Cabi
net in an advisory capacity. There is
no legal difficulty in the way, for the
Cabinet has no legal existence. Its
meetings are simply conferences of
the heads of departments with the
President. Participation" of the Vice
President in these meetings would
have several advantages. It would
help to preserve party unity and the
Vice-President might have opportuni
ties to help along the policy of the
President in the Senate. He could
also keep in such close touch with af
fairs as to be better equipped to suc
ceed to the Presidency in case of the
death or disability of the President.
But It would remain entirely optional
with the President to invite him to
Cabinet meetings. There have been
times when the two officials were
such bitter enemies that co-operation
between them was impossible, and this
might happen again.
WHAT FIGURES SHOW.
WHITE SALMON. Wash.. Not. 12. (To
tho Editor.) In your answer to John H.
a .inn vnn uv ,-rhi Oreconlan doe not
here maintain that In a legalised primary
held throughout the Nation. President Taft
could nave gainea tne preierenum
xn It rfnnhta that Roosevelt could navt
got it." The election has vindicated what
Roosevelt haa claimed all the time, that
If primaries had been- held In Michigan,
Iowa and Washington. Taft would not have
had their delegates at cnicago: itoisu
50. Inn in Washington 14. total 60. Root
fni- nhnlrman had 558: where would M
Taft have been without theso BO votes
Can you answer?
General election figures do not
show that Iowa would have gone for
Roosevelt In a preferential primary,
for the reason that Cummins was
candidate for nomination, but "was not
voted for in the general election. Be'
sides, primaries were held in Iowa.
Cummins had ten votes in tne con-
ventlon which went to McGovern
Moreover, Mr. Parry has not yet suf
ficient figures to justify the conten
tion that all these three states in an
honest preferential contest between
Taft and Roosevelt alone would have
crone for Roosevelt.
Desertions from the Republican
ranks In order to defeat Roosevelt for
a third term must be taken Into con
slderation. Furthermore. Mr. Parry
has considered only three states. He
would have to analyze the vote of all
states to form a definite conclusion.
Oregon, for example, sent a delega
tion to the convention Instructed for
Roosevelt. Election figures seem to
indicate that with La Follette out of
the contest and the Democratic vote
eliminated from the Republican pri
maries. Roosevelt would not have
gained the preferential vote In Ore
eon.
The Oregonian expressed the opinion
in the article from which Mr. Parry
quotes that in a legalized preferential
primary held In all states neither Taft
nor Roosevelt would have had a ma
Jorlty in the convention, but that the
balance of power would have been
held by La Follette, Cummins ana
perhaps one or two others. Mr. Parry
may be able to figure Taft out, but he
unable to figure Roosevelt in,
Election figures do not vindicate
Roosevelt's policy or his refusal to
compromise at Chicago. This ana
this alone is what The Oregonian con
tended in the comments that caused
Mr. Parry to write his letter.
PARTY TARIFF POLICIES.
We do not see very much in the let
ter of Mr. James B. Carr, printed else
where, with which to agree. The
Democratic platform adopted at Bal
timore, which is the latest definition of
Democratic doctrine, says nothing
about incidental protection, but says
plainly:
We declare It to be a fundamental piin
elnla of tha Democratic party that " tne
Federal Government under the Constitution
has no rlxht or oover to Impose or collect
tariff duties except for tne purpose 01 rev
enue.
That declaration expressly excludes
the purpose of protection and holds
duties levied for any such purpose to
be unconstitutional. If the Democrats
live up to their platform, they will
give Incidental protection for no other
reason than that, in levying a revenue
tariff, they cannot help doing so. The
Democratic platform does not modify
this doctrine In any particular, merely
saying:
We favor the nntlmate attainment of the
principles we advocate by legislation that
will not injure or destroy legitimate in
dustry. There Is every reason to believe.
from past experience, that the Demo
crats will not live up to their doctrine.
but will have incidental protection
distinctly in mind in adjusting a reve
nue tariff.
Taft has never approved the Demo
cratic tariff doctrine, even as mis
stated by our correspondent. He has
spoken for a moderate protective tariff
which will offset the difference in cost
of production in this and competing
countries, and he has consistently aa
hered to that principle. He vetoed the
Democratic woolen tariff, not because
he was opposed to reducing the Payne
duties, but because the reductions
made by the Democrats were greater
than the tariff board found necessary
to carry out his principle. He ex
pressly stated in his veto message that
he considered reductions of a certain
amount justified, and Intimated that
he would approve a bill making such
reductions.
No, we certainly do not consider the
McKinley, Wilson, Dingley or Payne
tariffs moderate revenue and protective
tariffs, and we have repeatedly said
so. Taft's tariff policy is sound Re
publican doctrine. In approving the
Payne law he did not abandon that
policy. He regarded the Payne law as
necessary to raise revenue, and as an
Improvement on the Dingley law, in
that It reduced duties. But after ap
proving it he set right to work to se
cure further revision in conformity
with his policy. He was at fault In
going the wrong way about securing
the co-operation of his party in carry
ing out that policy. He thereby
showed himself a good statesman, but
a poor politician. .
A FRETEXT SEIZED BY SCHWERIN.
Although the collectors of customs
at San Francisco and Puget Sound
may have informed the Treasury De
partment that they are complying
strictly with the Treasury decision re
lating to the acceptance of bills of
lading marked "for custom-house
purposes only" on imports destined to
Interior points. It is possible that they
have taken more latitude than was
taken by Collector Malcolm, of Port
land. Mr. Malcolm has observed the
orders of the department exactly, but
evidence has been seen in Portland
that the Puget Sound collector has
recently Interpreted them more liber
ally. Fair play as between ports re
quires that the practice at all ports
in this particular be identical in order
that shippers and steamship com
panies be on equal terms, whether
they do business at Portland, Seattle
or San Francisco.
Mr. Malcolm has refused to allow
shipments to go forward to interior
ports without the original bill of lad
ing unless a separate bond covering
each shipment be filed to protect him
against error in delivery under so
called "bum" bills of lading. While
the collectors at San Francisco and
Port Townsend accept a general bond
to cover all shipments made under
such circumstances, the Treasury
Department states that the practice at
all ports is the same and asks for
Information as to specific Instances of
violation of its orders. Although pos
itive evidence exists that the depart
ment is misinformed, those who pos
sess it are unwilling to produce it, for
the same importers do business at all
three ports in question and-by taking
sides with Portland in such a contro
versy they would injure their business
at the other two ports.
R. P. Schwerin seizes upon this
slight variation In practice as a pre
text for asserting that Mr. Malcolm's
ruling caused shipments to Portland
to be diverted to other ports. Tet all
he need have done In order to comply
with Mr. Malcolm's demand was to
authorize a clerk in his Portland of
fice to give the separate bonds re
quired. This would have been a mere
piece of clerical work, occupying but
a few minutes, involving no delay and
obviating the necessity of producing
the original bills of lading. Mr.
Schwerin is making a very flimsy ex
cuse for an act which Is In line with
his general .policy of discrimination
against Portland. '
It appears to The Oregonian that
the general bond which Mr.' Schwerin
says he offered should be as adequate
protection to Mr. Malcolm as to the
other collectors. If the regulations
forbid its acceptance, the other col
lectors should be compelled to cease
their present practice or the regula
tions should be so changed as to allow
our collector to adopt their methods,
The department should be able to as
certain the facts through Its agents
and should take the Initiative in mak
ing Inquiry, without awaiting- pre
sentation of specific examples by men
who can only take an active part in
the controversy to their own injury.
ROMANCE AND REALISM.
A writer in the New York Times,
Cecil Chesterton, undertakes to ex
plain the distinction between romance
and realism In fiction. To illustrate
his point he takes Jane Austen and
Charles Dickens. Miss Austen, he tells
us, did not make her novels a copy of
life, any more than Dickens aid. fcne
selected, arranged and modified bits
of her experience and wove them to
gether in such a way that she pro
duced an almost exact illusion of life,
but it is far from being a mere repro
duction. She produced ' the sense of
reality by making her characters and
Incidents conform to the general rules
of experience, at least of her experi
ence. She perceived the commonplace
and used it to fashion interesting
stories. Nobody but a genius could
do anything of the sort. In mediocre
hands the commonplace is insufferably
dull. Dickens, on the other hand,
pursued an entirely different method.
His genius overlooked the common
and rulable and fastened upon the ex
ceptional. He selected and rearranged
his material as diligently as Jane Aus
ten, but since it was material of a to
tally different kind, he produces an Il
lusion of reality while we are under
his spell, but not the lasting sense of
reality which Jane Austen Inspires.
Thus Mr. Chesterton makes the dis
tinction between romance and realism
depend upon the author's choice of
material. If he selects and uses the
ordinary, he is a realist. If he fixes
upon the exceptional, he is a romanti
cist. This seems to us to be about as
far from the truth as a critic could
well stray in the space of a newspaper
article. Exceptional characters and
incidents are just as real as ordinary
ones, and handled as Dickens handles
them, they excite, not the mere pass
ing illusion of reality, but the last
ing sense of it. Mr. Chesterton classes
Dickens among the romanticists, and
no doubt he would call Henry James
a realist, but It would be a queer sort
of reader to whom James' characters
and events would appear more real
than Dickens.' It has been said by
a writer on Dickens that his people
are often far better known to us than
our daily associates. Exceptional as
they are, they belong to that fertile
species of exceptions which we call
types. They signify immensely more
than they are. They are so wisely
chosen and so deftly portrayed that
in their misshapen figures and dis
torted qualities they embody the en
tirety of life. We should class Dick
ens as a symbolist, If there were any
necessity for classifying him at all,
We should certainly never think of
calline- him a romanticist. As for
Jane Austen, she is not a realist mere
ly because her stories conform to gen.
eral rules. All readable books do tnat.
But because the rules she abides by
happen to be true. The most arrant
romantics obey rules Just as docilely
as the realists, xne misfortune is
that they are false.
A symbolist like Dickens may be
either romantic or realistic. John Bun
yan's symbolism, for example. Is in
tensely romantic because it is utterly
false to the laws by which we Know
that the universe Is actually governed.
Having chosen arbitrarily a set of
principles for the conduct of life he
constructed a story to show how they
would work In practice. It Is inex
pressibly well done. No greater mas
ter of fiction than John Bunyan has
ever handled a pen. The illusion of
reality is almost complete as one reads
the "Pilgrim's Progress" and the tri
umph is attained under tremendous
difficulties but still he was not a re
alist. The laws by which his actors
are governed are not the laws of life.
Their Ideals are beautiful, ' but chi
merical In many Instances and his
conception of righteous conduct is so
far from correct that it might even do
harmin the modern world If It were
taken for a guide.
But It may be necessary to say a
little more to make perfectly clear
what we mean by romanticism. The
romanticist sets out by furnishing his
brain with an array of preconceived
notions on such subjects as the duties
of women, the obligations of marriage,
correct conduct -of courtship, the vir
tues of patriotism and the like. He
assumes that these notions are infal
libly correct, eternally true, and If a
person's actions do not conform to
them he Is wicked and ought to be
punished. The genuine romantic will
not submit any of his canons to the
test of experience. If they do not work
in life it is life that is wrong, not
the rules by which . he would regu
late it.
So the romantic's world Is unreal
not at all because he describes Im
possible events, but because he dwells
in a universe governed by Impossible
laws. His world is ruled by what
Bernard Shaw scornfully calls "ideals."
Ibsen In the "Wild Duck" frankly
calls them Ilea. . Neither term is de
sirable, because, on the one hand,
Ideals may be true, while, - on the
other, romantic Illusions are not al
ways lies. It is also well to notice
that a writer who Is a realist in his
own age may become a wild romantic
as time passes over him and. his works.
The stories of feudalism, or some of
them, afford excellent examples of
this degenerative process. When they
were written they conformed to the
actual laws which governed life. The
principles which they took for true
were true as far as human relations
were concerned. But now feudalism
has passed away and they are true no
longer. ' Hence those books, once
vividly realistic, have now become as
vividly romantic. They no longer pro
duce even the Illusion of reality. No
author, however great he may be, can
hope to escape this wasting process
completely. To the little Athenian!
boys, who committed the Uliad to
memory It was a picture of life not
merely In the events it described, but
in the deeper realm of thought and
feeling. They believed In its ethics
and accepted the heroes' conduct as
the proper thing in war and debate.
To us all this has changed. Neither
the ethics nor the manners of the Iliad
are true for us. Hence the poem has
lost its reality. It has degenerated
into pure romance so far from life
that a modern schoolboy is probably
trying to curry favor with his teacher
if he professes to be interested in it.
Nor has Shakespeare been exempt
from the same destiny. His plays are
still popular with the aid of elaborate
scenery and expensive advertising, but
would they be popular on a bare stage
as they were when they were first
written?
Large crops offer prosperity to the
railroads, but scarcity of cars pre
vents their reaping the profits to the
full extent. During the previous
period of prosperity they did not accu.
mulate enough surplus to increase
equipment, maintain and improve
their roads during the period of de
pression which has now closed. Had
they been content with a moderate,
stable rate of dividend in good and
bad times alike, they could have car
ried forward a large enough surplus
from the good times which ended in
1907 to continue Improvements
through the bad times. They would
ttten have been able to buy cars and
material cheaper and would have miti
gated the depression to some extent.
They would also have been in position
to carry the great volume of traffic
now offering without congestion, or at
least with much less congestion. Rail
road managers are as fallible as the
rest of humanity.
Should the Democrats carry out
their declared purpose of granting in
dependence to the Philippines, the
population will be more nearly fit for
self-government than when the United
States acquired the Islands. This is
due to education. There are 199
schools in the Philippines. They have
already gone beyond elementary edu
cation and are specializing and con
ducting adult extension courses. Spe
cial courses are given in farming,
housekeeping, household arts, trades
and business. Adult women are trained
for six months in housekeeping and
such lines of home Industry as em
broidery and lacemaking, and on re
turning home start classes of their
own. Of the schools, 54 teach farm
Ing, 54 housekeeping, 35 trades and 42
teaching. Whatever education can do
to prepare the Filipinos for self-gov
ernment Is being done.
The consequence of the Roosevelt
victory in Pennsylvania promises to be
the substitution of one boss for an
other Flinn for Penrose. Those who
know Fllnn's record know that he Is
not one whit better than Penrose. He
aims to succeed Penrose In the Senate,
but Republicans and Democrats may
combine to thwart him. The chair
man of his party in Philadelphia an
nounces that a fight is to be made for
control of that city at the next munici
pal election. In short, the old, famil
iar political game of Pennsylvania Is
to be pursued by the angelic band of
reformers headed by Flinn, with no
change except a slight one In methods
The Progressive party may be kept
alive for a few years by the vigorous
efforts of Roosevelt and his lieuten
ants and by the enthusiasm of his ad-
mlrers, but the satisfaction of Its every
legitimate demand by the other par
ties and the discovery that the charges
of fraud with which it entered the
arena are baseless will gradually sap
Its strength. The calm reflection
which will follow the recent period of
excitement will all tend to disintegra
tion of the Roosevelt following and to
lead the great majority of the wan
derers back to their old political fold.
Why should Underwood be Clark's
rival for the Speakership? As chair
man of the ways and means commit
tee under the new rules, he Is the big
ger man of the two and has a better
opportunity to build up a reputation
and develop a boom for higher hon
ors. The Democrats have reduced the
Speaker to much the same position
as the Speaker of the British Parlia
ment, to whom the door of further
political preferment Is closed and who
can look forward to nothing but a
pension and a peerage.
A week ago a small group of aged,
stoop-shouldered men organized . at
Kansas City as the survivors of Quan
trell's guerrillas, the band that made
themselves Infamous by wholesale
murders of Inoffensive people at Law
rence at the beginning of the Civil
War. At this late date it would seem
as if organlaztion of the survivors
would be of little effect other than to
plan for the salvation of their souls.
John I. Butterfleld, the octogenar
ian, showed of what stuff Oregonians
are made when, after drifting for five
miles down the Slletz River, waist
deep in water, he rescued his would
be rescuer from drowning. He will be
acclaimed a hero, whether the Carne
gie Commission awards him a medal
or not. .
It Is good for the consumer that
James J. Hill does not buy more than
a hundred boxes of apples at $10 a
box. otherwise "there, wouldn't be no
core even ror tne orainary mortal.
Woman as a factor in politics here
after in Oregon must be considered
when handing out Federal plums.
This course will disconcert the hungry
Democrat, but It will go.
American settlers In Canada find
that, however large may be their
crops, they must race with Winter in
the effort to harvest all they have
grown.
Sometimes Justice works in a satis
factory manner. A man has Just been
acquitted of killing a Kansas oil pro
moter on the ground of Insanity.
The suffragettes- who walked from
Edinburgh to London have probably
benefited their health more than the
cause by their 400-mile tramp.
The man ambitious to get back to
the soil can find a pointer toward any
line of industry in the shows In Port
land this week.
The results of farmers' week at the
Agricultural College should appear in
larger crops and fatter bank accounts
next Fall.
The 10,000 animal at the livestock
show this week is certainly a "gentle
man cow."
Governor Hawley's modesty out
classed his nerve In the first round.
COMMISSION TO NAME CANDIDATES
Writer Would Abandon Primary, Bnt
Not Go Back to Convention.
ONTARIO, Or., Nov. 16. (To the Edi
tor.) In The Oregonian November 12
Ralph W. Eckhardt discourses on the
fact that Oregon, with an abundance
of big men, puts little ones into office.'
He bemoans the condition, but does not
tell how to remedy the matter.
Now, that is what I propose to do.
To begin with, I would throw the pri
mary to the dogs. It is "no good."
It has not given us the best men and
it never will. 'Tis conceded that the
best men will not present themselves
to the primary. Only the Toms, Dicks,
Harrys, . Joes, Bens, Sams, Bills, Ikes,
Jims, et aL, will enter the race, and we
have to get behind and elect the one
who gets a plurality, though it be no
more than an eighth of the vote.
I would say, go back to the conven
tion, but that is tabooed. There is a
strong antipathy to it, but the opposi
tion is unreasonable. If the convention
did not give satisfactory results, the
people had no one to blame but them
selves. They chose the delegates to
the conventions. Why.- did they not
select good ones? It Is no use to say
the bosses did It. An -Intelligent, cap
able people are under no obligations
to obey a bad boss. A boss alone can't
do much. Murphy did not elect Gov
ernor Dlx, of New Tork. He named
Dlx. but the people elected him, and
they could have Just as well elected a
bigger and better man.
Now. I will tell you how to get good,
honest, capable men for all. our offices,
or as good as we have In the state, and
we would not like to have It said that
we have not as good men as has any
state.
On the eve of an election I would
have the different parties select a com
mission of not less than five or more
than 15 of their wisest and best men,
and let them look over the official tim
ber and name a list of candidates for
all the state offices, from Governor
down to dog-klller good, wise, capable
men and then ask these men, not
whether they will "make the race," but
whether they will serve if elected.
We should not require such men to
run their legs off and spend a fortune
to get these offices, but we should ap
preciate their willingness to serve us
enough to give them our votes cheer
fully.
When these commissions have thus
made out these tickets they might say
to the people: Take your choice.
You will get a set of good, efficient
servants in either case. I do not see
why this method is not practicable and
easily carried out. Do you say there
would be wire-pulling and log-rolling
and various other dishonest schemes
Then, as Ethan Allen Is said to have
told his soldiers on the eve of the cap
ture of Ticonderoga: "We must either
take that fort or quit our pretension
to valor." I would say, if we cannot
find men that would carry out these
provisions honestly and rightfully, then
we would better quit boasting of the
Intelligence, honesty and capability of
the people of Oregon.
W. P. LAWRY,
TARIFF POLICIES OF THE PARTIES
Correspondent Attempts to Show Taft
Approves Democratic Idea.
PORTLAND, Nov. 15. (To the Edi
tor.) It is true, as you say, a tariff
tax on an article not produced in this
country yields revenue and lacks th
protective feature; but incidental pro
tectlon is comprehended in the Demp
cratic doctrine of a constitutional tar
Iff. The theory of the constitution is
that the power of taxation should have
for its objective every species ot prop
ertv modified only by the constitution
al exemption of exports. "Tariff for
revenue only" and 'tariff for revenue
with incidental protection" are the ex
Dresslons by which the Democracy has
avowed its belief In a competitive tariff
from the beginning.
Mr. Taft's proposal of "a moderate
protective tariff imposed with a view
to both protection and revenue" Is the
exriression of his approval of the Dem
ocratlc tariff doctrine. The view with
which such a moderate tariff may be
Imposed and the manner in which the
moderate rate may be arrived at are not
modifications of the doctrine. Mr. tail
has often snoken in favor of low tariff,
but his acts have been uniformly
aeralnst it.
Less than three years ago ne oeciarea
that the duties on wool and woolens in
the Payne-Aldrich tariff act were too
hlirh and In many cases promotive.
The tariff board which he appointed
after due Investigation confirmed him
in this, yet he vetoed the woolen bill
which Congress subsequently passed,
though the proposed reductions were
vArv moderate.
A moderate revenue ana protection
law would certainly encourage ana ios
ter foreign trade. Now Is the time to
ask Congress to act, and to educate the
DeoDle. that tney, too, may mara im
perative demands lor it, even upon a
Democratic Congress. You certainly ao
not believe that the McKinley act, the
Wilson act, the Dingley act or the
Payne-Aldrlch act is such a moderate
revenue and protective iaw.
508 Everett.
Police Department Appreciative.
PORTLAND, Nov. 16. (To the Edi
tor.) The Portland police department
and its members wish to thank The
Oregonian for the share which it took
In the recent fight to retain civil serv
ice In the nolice department. Articles
and editorial comments of The Orego
nian were of especial value to us in
impressing the people with the justice
of civil service continuance, ana as
sisted materially In retaining the police
under the present system.
We wish especially to tnank tne
nws-wrlters of The Oregonian for
their evident interest in the fight Their
articles were looked for with pleasure,
and always contained matter which im-
nrnssed the readlnsr puDllc
Since civil service has been retained
at a special election, by a comfortable
majority, we again take pleasure in
extending our thanks to The Oregonian
for their sense of right and Justice and
the retention of our present system,
HARRY RILEY,
President P. P. 'Athletio Association.
Lack of Street Signs Noted.
LOS ANGELES, Cal., Nov.-14. (To
the Editor.) After a great amount of
traveling from coast to coast a number
of times during the last six or eight
months. I had the pleasure or spena
Ing a few days In Portland about a
week ago. One thing struck me very
forcibly, and that was a lack of street
signs on the corners and numbers on
stores and buildings srenerally. If the
"City Fathers" realized of what Im
portance this is to a stranger.they
would not hesitate to have this proper
ly taken care of without delay. ,
I feel that a city as Interesting and
as well kept as Portland is should
quickly extend this means to the stran.
ger within its gates for finding his
way about. ARTHUR KRIEGER.
Suffrage League Grateful.
PORTLAND. Nov. 16. (To the Edi
tor. 1 The College Equal Suttrage
League tenders you an unanimous vote
of thanks In appreciation oi ins in
valuable service rendered our cause
during the recent campaign, by the
generous and spontaneous support of
The uregonian.
FLORENCE & M ANION,
Corresponding Secretary.
New York State Vote.
MONTESANO, Wash., Nov. 16. (Tc
the Editor.) To settle a wager, wbo
had the most votes In New York State
Taft or Roosevelt? T. F. BROWN.
Taft had a plurality In New York
over Roosevelt of 65,700.'
Works on Marriage. Parenthood and
Kindred Topics Recommended.
PORTLAND, Nov. 14. (To the Edi
tor.) The discussion in your columns
regarding women as wage-earners and
the 20th century aspects of love, mar
riage and parenthood, is a most en
couraging sign. It proves that the
people are thinking on -these vital
things. As an inquirer myself along
these lines, I beg leave to submit a list
of books in which the problems men
tioned are given full, frank and Intelli
gent discussion by thoroughly sincere
authors. Some of these books I have
read, some have been recommended to
me. They may all be found at the
Public Library, the directors of which
are to be complimented for having pro
vided such high-class, serious and In
teresting works from which the people
may learn the Ideas of some of the
most earnest writers and thinkers on
contemprary moral problems. The list
is not complete, but It includes none
but works of recognized merit. Here
it is:
"Evolution of Marriage and of the
Family," by Charles Letourneau. Be
ing part of the Contemporary Science
series is sufficient to stamp it as i
standard volume.
"The Family," by Elsie Clews Par
sons (especially the chapter headed
Ethical Considerations). This book is
by a woman who ranks high as
scientific sociologist. It lays the
groundwork for a broad view of the
problems involved.
"Woman and Labor," by Olive
Schreiner. A convincing and brilliant
summary of the ease for the emanclpa
tion of woman (and therefore of the
race), and for the opening up of op
portunltles for her to develop all her
latent mental and spiritual powers.
The author upholds the proposition
that no race can rise higher than the
average level of the physical and men
tal efficiency of Its mothers. The ten
dency toward female parasitism which
all advanced societies manifest is given
a keen presentation.
"Love and Marriage" and "Love and
Ethics," by Ellen Key. The latter is
a condensed statement of the argu
ment of the former. These books for
mulate the morality of marriage in
the new time. They uphold lofty and
noble Ideals.
"The Century of the Child." by Ellen
Key. In this work Is shown how the
true aim of education should be the
rearing and training of strong, healthy,
capable children in an atmosphere of
love, developing In them efficiency,
self-reliance and the power of original
thinking and Initiative In action. The
ideas of the book may be said to be
the basic ones of the author's views
on current problems.
"The Education of the Child," by
Ellen Key. This is a reprint of a chap
ter from the foregoing work, with an
introductory note by Edward Bok, edi
tor of the Ladies' Home Journal.
"The Man-Made World," by Char
lotte Perkins Gllman, also by the same
author "Women and Economics" and
"The Home." Mrs. Gilman Is a bold
and Incisive thinker.
"The Problem of Race Regeneration,'
by Havelock Ellis. Dr. Ellis Is recog
nized as one of the world's authorities
on eugenics.
"The Women of Tomorrow," by Wil
liam Hard. Reviews the fact that wo
men have entered the industries by
the million, and considers its signifi
cance and probable social effect in the
years to come.
Needless to say, these books deal
with problems arising out of modern
conditions. Those who think it pos
sible to restore the family Ideals of ox
cart days which undoubtedly served
the needs of the simple civilization of
that era, but are hardly adequate for
these days of the steam engine, electric
dynamo, machine Industry and the com
plex form of social production and In
terdependent social relations which
have arisen will find no meaning In
the discussions . In these books. For
an intelligent understanding of them
it Is necessary to bring to the reading
of them an open mind and an appre
ciation of the fundamental fact that
the world has changed vastly In the
past 100 years. H. C. U.
ADVICE GIVEN THOSE IN TROUBLE
Associated Charities In Portland Now
Has Legal Aid Committee,
PORTLAND, Nov. 15. (To the Edi
tor.) In The Oregonian November 13
I read with Interest the editorial re
garding the need of a publio adviser to
give the right kind of advice to, those
in trouble and that had there been such
an adviser J. L Vincent who forged a
check to secure the necessities of life
for his family might have been shown
the way out of his trouble.
May I can your attention to tne work
along this line now being done
this line now being done by
the Associated Charities, and especial
ly Its legal aid committee? Persons in
various kinds of trouble come to tne
office asking for advice, work and
material aid. In no Instance is any
person turned away. .
Since the terming or tne legal am
department a month ago over 20. cases
have been taken up. one especially is
like that of J. I. Vincent.
Recently a man came to the office
who was working for $56 a month.
There was a wife and three small chil
dren to be supported. In the past
three years over $200 had been spent
for doctor's fees for the wife. On
toD of it all came a note from a col
lection agency stating that unless a
grocery bill of $100 was paid within a
week suit would follow. That even
ing his wife noticed In the Telegram
a story regarding the legal aid com
mittee of the Associated Charities. He
came to the office the next day and
one of our lawyers arranged for him
to pay the bill at the rate of $5 a
month.
The difference in the two instanoes
mav be that Vincent was out of work
whle the man mentioned was employed.
The Associated Charities maintains an
employment bureau which attempts to
secure suitable work for men and wo
men In need of it. When it Is not
found immediately adeauate helD is ex
tended, and speedy and adequate relief
s one of the policies hereafter to De
emphasized.
It may be unfortunate that tne so
ciety is called by the name it is. for-
hass more Deonle who are In trouble
would avail themselves of Its aid If It
were known as a personal service bu
reau or social service society, but we
invite anyone in any sort of difficulty
In need of advice, encouragement,
relief or work to call at our office.
Thev will be eiven a sympathetic pri
vate Interview, whatever they tell will
be treated as confidential ana tne ngnt
sort of help will be extended.
C. HE-NK1 JUAWBEi,
Vice-President.
Obstructions In Streets.
PORTLAND, Nov. 16. (To the Edi
tor.) I am not very familiar with the
fine nolnts and narrow distinction of
the law regarding public streets and
their fencing: and occupation Dy pri
vate individuals, so Inquire whether It
s right for some individual to erect a
shack and fence on the foot of East
Division street, where it strikes the
water front? J. B.
The streets are publio property and
no person is allowed to obstruct them
In any way without getting permis
sion from the City Counoll.
Date of General Lee's Death.
INDEPENDENCE. Or., Nov. 16. (To
the Editor.) Is Robert E. Lee, the Con
federate General, of the Civil War, still
living? It not when did he die?
D JK.C1J nUUPER,
General Robert E. Lee died October
12. 1870.
The Baldhead Germ
By Dean Collins.
I taunt thee, barber man. Avaunt,
Nor touch my hallowed head.
Saying: "This tonic Is what you want
Ere your last hair be fled."
My fears for aye are dead.
I scorn thee, barber man forlorn.
And laugh full mockingly;
New hope is In my bosom born
And fears of Baldness flee.
I jeer thee, barber man, and sneer
At thee, poor cringing worm.
Thy tonics all are on the queer.
Because of a new germ.
My hair shall stand full firm.
I know forever It shall grow.
Since a professor shrewd
Has found a germ that can bring low
The hair-destroying brood.
Shake not thy tonic flask! I wot
My servitude is through;
I'll keep the hair that I have got
And ask no aid from you.
Tho new-found germ shall do
The stunt. Relentless It shall hunt
The germs that slay my hair.
And when It finds them it shall shunt
Them straightway out of there.
For years, unto the verge of tears
I've been annoyed by thee.
Who clipped too close about the ears.
Who cut my chin for me,
- Who evermore would be
In haste to boost some sort of paste.
Or dope or rub, and say:
"Your hair is going fast to waste,
So try this tonic, pray!"
Oh, list! I laud that scientist
Who freed me from all care.
Gladly I'd grasp his calloused fist
And leave three dollars there.
My life Is smooth and fair,
For bald I never shall be called;
The new germ gives me hope;
And never more I'll be appalled
By barbers and their dope.
Portland, November 17.
Half a Century Ago
From The Oregonian of Nov. 18. 1862.
So well satisfied are they that the
Snake River Is navigable for boats at
this season of the year that some six
or eight men have left Lewlston for
the Boise mines In a whaleboat. The
only obstruction they expect to meet is
the ice. Several other parties with
packtralns have gone from Lewiston
up the Snake to Grande Ronde and
there take the old immigrant trail;
others have gone up the east side of
the Snake and taken the old Indian
trail. The reports of the success of the
miners in the Boise mines are wonder
ful. We hardly dare state the results.
such as $180 and $225 per day.
Lewiston citizens have a regular de
tective police on duty night and day.
Twelve men are on a watch and all
suspected persons are closely watched.
Several well-known characters have
been notified that they were not want
ed in the community and have taken
French leave.
Louisville, Nov. 10. Rebels at Mur-
freesboro have been In constant com
munication with Mobile and have no
confirmation of the statement that that
place had fallen into Federal hands.
Washington. Nov. 10. A letter has
Just been published, written by General
Halleck, on October 28, to the secretary
of War, from which we make the fol
lowing extract:
'On the first of October, finding mc-
Clellan purposed operating from Har
pers Ferry, I urged him to cross tne
river at once and give the enemy cat
tle, pointing out to him the disadvan
tages of delaying until the Autumn
rains had swollen the Potomac and im
paired roads. On the 6th of October he
was peremptorily ordered to cross the
Potomac and give battle to the enemy
or drive them south. It will be ob
served that three weeks have elapsed
since that order was given."
The grand jury, having examined the
prisons of the county, feel compelled
to speak in terms of earnest condemna
tion of the city prison In the City of
Portland. The building Is Insecure;
there Is no arrangement for fire; the
air of the Jail Is very offensive; the
bedding Is Insufficient, and things gen
erally uncleanly and some filthy.
William Wilson, who came to Walla
Walla from Boise this week, informs us
that the Snake Indians recently made a
descent upon the camp of a company
of packers In the vicinity of Fort Boise
and drove off all their animals.
RESIGNED BACHELOR POOR JUDGE
Woman Physician Sees No Dearth of
Home-Loving Women.
PORTLAND, Nov. 16. (To the Edi
tor.) Have been reading the letters In
The Oregonian on marriage, and think
the original old maid has expressed
some very truthful thoughts. I believe
the average woman is virtuous. In
my profession, a physician, I come In
contact with many women, and I think
well of my sex, and It sounds a little
hard to have a man 40 years old say
he had become discouraged hunting for
the proper kind of a wife. He surely
must be an extremely poor judge.
I do not believe, either, there Is a
normal woman anywhere not married
who does not want to be, provided, of
course, the right man comes along.
I am 88 years old, was happily mar
ried once, but my husband was killed,
leaving me with a child three days old.
It has been 10 years, and I have faced
life and have learned to handle busi
ness. I could not marry Mr. B., even tnougn
he was well-to-do, for I did not care
for him. He seemed grouchy.
I could not marry Mr. A., for he was
too fat, and a man who 1b old enough
to marry me Is old enough to aemon
strate his ability to support a family.
It would humiliate me to have to sup
port my husband.
I could not marry Mr. G., for he was
not educated, and we had nothing In
common.
Mr. H. was younger than I, so there
you are.
I go my way alone, and am trying
to get the very best out of life as it
comes to mo and not worry about how
much better contented I could be If
only. And all you dear women who do
not find the right one, you all have my
sympathy. A WOMAN PHYSICIAN.
Women In Saloons.
PORTLAND, Nov. 16. (To the Edi
tor.) An argument has arisen between
an anti-suffragist and one who voted
for suffrage as to whether the women
are entitled to walk into a saloon and
order a drink the same as men. A. H.
contends that as a woman In Oregon is
today a full cltlsen and a voter it
would be unconstitutional and class leg
islation to prohibit her from doing so,
and that the local ordinance against
her doing ao Is automatically revoked.
Suffragist contends that the local or
dinance Is still In full effect and that
women -will not be allowed their "full
rights" unless the City Council changes
the present ordinance. INQUIRER.
The new amendment merely elim
inates the words "white male" from
the section of the constitution enu
merating election qualifications. It has
no effect on ordinances passed in the
Interests of publio welfare.
Popular Vote.
PORTLAND, Nov. 16 (To the Edi
tor.) C. asks your decision as to
whether Roosevelt gets more popular
votes than Taft? H.
Incomplete figures so indicate.