8
W$t (Dmrmnnn
PORTLAND. OREGON.
Entered mt Portland. Oregon, poatofflee aa
Secona-Claea Matter.
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ear
ekly.
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PORTLAND. TIEoDAY, SEPT. 11,
h
f: THE JUST A"D THE' TJNJCST.
? : Some days ago when Mr; J. "W. Cul
i len. of Josephine County, made the
'; sweeping statement In a letter to The
. Oregonian that the graduated tax
?' measure would not increase the taxes
V of any moderate landowner, The Ore
.'gonian remarked that Mr. Cullen's
letter would have been more Inter
esting had he explained by what
I process of reasoning he reached that
i conclusion. Mr. Cullen today gives
his process of reasoning. He has writ-
ten a letter that Is far more Interest-
i' lng than his previous communication,
but we fail utterly to find therein any
thing more than a tendency to turn to
ian untried scheme of taxation for re
lief from conditions which made fall
t ure of hU lifetime efforts to secure
' a competence, yet conditions with
W which taxation had nothing whatever
t'to do.
I'i Our- correspondent's letter reveals
ithat he is one of the pioneers of the
?'West, one who has devoted his talents
' and his energies not to self-advance-p
ment. but largely to the lifting of his
f fellow men to higher planes of spirit
:ual endeavor. He has gone into the
' waste places, encountered hard knocks
' and has performed his duty to the race
!by raising a family of ten children.
He fought the Indians. He helped
- preserve the West to Christian clvlli-
'. zation and he defended his country In
tlmA nf rebellion.
Here are related briefly the details
of a long and useful life, but as yet
nothing has been told that in any way
'relates to the problem of taxation.
' Thfiv aimnlv show that Ur. Cullen has
i." had remarkable opportunities wr uu-
serration. As to education It may be
I conceded that he has acquired it in
f the school ot experience, if not in the
li school of books. That he Is ignorant
h was never implied by The Oregonian.
(. Some of our best scholars know next
V- to nothing of the methods by which
t Oregon derives its revenues. The sin
h gle-taxers have relied on this lack of
information to build up a mass of
M guesswork figures that give alluring
ki but false promise to me men m
dlnary means who are restive under an
h .vor-innreasinar burden of taxation.
' Taxation Is a dull and uninviting
i and the ordinary man's
K knowledge goes but little beyond the
V: figures shown, on his tax receipt. It
j Is this ignorance, not lack of general
-book learning." which the single tax
" ers rely upon and to which the Ore
U gonian referred. Mr. Cullen has no
, cause to be offended if The Oregonian
I'i implies that he is in that class. He
"J has some very good and so-called
learned company.
J.' But let us take up Mr. Cullen's un
it Buccessful efforts to found a home.
H He was driven off two homesteads by
y the depredations of Indians. We-can-fi
not conceive that single tax or any
f other kind of tax would have aided
V him In repelling the savages of the
plains. He lost another homestead
through the unlawful machinations of
?! a usurer. Again, single tax or grad
uated tax or income tax or free trade
or high tariff tax would not have put
?' the usurer out of business. It ought,
? however, dawn on Mr. Cullen, as he
-reflects on the past, that inasmuch
as the usurer evaded or scorned the
'law our large land owners might
""evade or scorn the graduated tax law.
If he will read Mr. Henry E. Reed's
r article in The Oregonian, published
' last Sunday,
he will find therein a
..laoi. arnns Hon of how the large
i viand holders could and would evade
the graduated tax.
Next, Mr. Cullen encountered the
L wire fence that Pete French built
; . around the outskirts of the "P" ranch
' in Harney County, -enclosing much
water and large tracts of Govern
i ment land. Mr. French's act also
-" was unlawful, yet he perpetrated it.
-i He is now dead, and his fences were
, torn down -several 'years ago. The
present "P" ranch Is a swamp and
r the owners are spending many thou-
sands of dollars in draining It and in
preparing to irrigate other lands. At
t its present stage It Is valuable only as
a stock rancn. it wuuiu "
t invite the small farmer and a small
I tract of it would not now yield him
tr ', a competence. Its development de
ii pends on the success of the owners'
1 enterprise, not on taxation. The grad
f uated tax would not hasten its segre
: - gation into small tracts. That must
await the completion of the railroad
T:now building into the Harney Valley
l' and the completion of the dredg-
lng operations. The owners of the
(. "P" ranch have transported dredg.
ing machinery over 175 miles of
i' wagon road, have gone to the
', top of a mountain 10,000 feet
high to obtain fuel and are dlg
' glng a great ditch twenty-five miles
i long. The graduated tax might con
i' fiscate this land and all the capital
i invested therein, tie up its reclama
' tlon and discourage all similar en
i deavors In the future. It might do
V. this. We do not say it would. But
U the ruin of Individual enterprise
! seems to be one object of the Fels
- movement in Oregon.
, The wagon road grant also seems
? a tremendous present wrong as Mr.
Cullen looks back over the past. He
.r tells us that its "millions of acres"
c were virtually stolen and are now be
Ling exploited by wealthy and unscru
pulous speculators. The "millions of
" acres" which Mr. Cullen saw tied up
on his early pilgrimage through Cen-
tral Oregon consisted actually of about
800,000 acres. im iuu is uu of
fered for sale on easy terms and at
moderate prices. One of the "unscru
pulous speculators" now owning the
grant is Louis W. Hill, chairman of
the board of directors of the Great
Northern Railway. Mr. Hill is a col
onizer, not a speculator. His chief
interests are the settling of vacant
lands tributary to his railroad and
J .-
the promoting of their cultivation
with the final object of moving the
crops that are produced thereon. The
single tax might increase his taxes,
but as the land la raw land single xax
would also increase the taxes on the
tracts that have been sold to settlers.
The owners the new home builders
would have no exemption or im
provements, because they have no im-
Drovements to exempt. Tney wouia
start under a handicap of unjust tax
ation.
Mr. Cullen does- not mention the
Oregon & California railroad grant
which includes 180,000 acres in his
own county, though the Fels writers
oromise that this land shall. yieia m
graduated taxes to Josephine County
$49,360 annually. This grant is in
litigation... It has been declared for
feited by one court and the case is
on appeal. Forfeiture means reversion
to the Government, and Congress has
already declared . that these lands if
recovered shall not be subject to dis
position. They are to be reserved
from settlement or cultivation or sale
of timber: i If the railroad company
loses its. grant, and the prospects are
that it may,- Josephine County will
not get one dollar in graduated taxes
from the grant. Tet fulfillment "of
the promise of $49,000 velvet Ms held
out to the voters of Josephine County
by the Fels agents as absolute if they
will but vote for the single tax
scheme.
Mr. Cullen has touched but lightly
on the one sound and sensible argu
ment in' his communication. He de
sires that the people put In office
assessors who .will place an, honest
valuation on land. Here is greater
need than change of methods or ex
periments in exemptions. Couple this
suggestion with one that the people
elect to office capable men who will
stand fast against demands for public
expenditures that are not needed or
which cannot be afforded and the so
lution of the tax problem is presented.
To reach the "speculating capitalistic,
land-grabbing water power and fran
chise corporations," it is not neces
sary for Mr. Cullen to vote for a
measure that also would "get" his
fellow pioneers who, as he, came Into
the country bare-foot, and punish the
men who are going on the vacant
lands of Oregon with bare hands and
willingness to work constituting their
chief possessions. Let us not be
blinded to "the effect this measure
would have on the little fellow by the
Iniquities committed in the past or
present by the corporations or land
speculators. Taxes, like -the rains,
fall on the Just and the unjust alike.
BIO PRIMES AND IXTTXE OXBS.
A group of socialists collaborate in
the preparation and publication of a
vile pamphlet defaming Colonel
Roosevelt, and distribute it through
out the ity on the day when he is a
guest here. But we only mildly pro
test, and let it go. The right of free
speech is not worth proteoting or
guarding, so as to prevent its abuse
and guarantee its proper expression.
A series of dreadful murders oc
curs in the state, committed by the
unknown assailants of Barbara Holz
man and Mildred Green, and by other
villains, detected and undetected, and
we are grievously shocked, and we
wonder whether some one will not
some day catch the unknown murder
ra. Tet a large part of the popula
tion applauds when a mushy Governor
stays the just sentence of the bestial
tv -Roberts, and refuses during his
term of office to permit any omer
foul murderer to hang.
we are greatly mieresiuu, i, "
the case of Sneed, the Texas man, whu
tnnk the law into his own hands and
killed father and eon, because the son
had eloped with his (sneeosj wiie.
and we complaoently look forward to
. .iros.oful Dlea by Bneed of the
"unwritten law." We would do the
.am. in Oreeon. for we have acquit
ted murderer after muraerer. vvwmi
they are not acquitted the Governor
mnrlAvpK them.
Tet we satisfy our own high sense:
of rectitude by applauding tne uot-ernor-s
campaign to "clean up" the
tnwn mid demanding that every cou-
nin who appear at . an apartment
house or a lodging-house, or a hotel.
hall ahnw their marriage certificate,
or be hauled to Jail, and that the
....l.t mrnmen move on. God knews
withal we wonder at the growing
disrespect of law. when we are so le
nient about great onmea, mv
tolerant of lesser ones.
SUPPING OVB OVER FOR ROOSETEIT,
The office of Presidential elector In
n.nn went begging at the April pri
mary. For the Republican ticket there
was only one avowed candidate and
for the Democrats the situation was
not greatly different. The Repub
lican managers advised electors to
write in names of well-known citizens,
and the Democratic nominations were
procured after the same iasmou.
t this wav Mr. Dan Kellaher ap.
pears among a group of five citizens
as a Republican candidate for Presi
lantini elector. But now he re-
...rfin.t-.x unv obligation to vote in the
nnlleee for Mr. Taft and re.
quests the Secretary or aiate to iitmi
on the official Danoi m w.
Di-nirrs1ve. for Roosevelt."
Mr Kellaher ' has not thought It
worth while to give to the public a
.i.i.tit of his reasons, If he has
any, for this unprecedented action, but
it is understood that he puts forth in
private the whining plea that the
nomination was not sought by him
and there is no provision of law by
which he can withdraw, and there
fore he feels justified in taking ad
vantage of the situation to convert
one Taft vote into a Roosevelt vote.
That Is the Kellaher attitude in its
best light. But Is Kellaher entitled
to have his impudent and contemptible
conduct interpreted In its most fa
vorable guise T He has offered no ex
planation whatever. He has formally
taken a nomination tendered him
by the Republican electorate of the
state and thereby accepted all the ob
ligations, express and implied, eoupled
therewith. Tet he has undertaken to
discharge a trust for the Republican
voters by boldly declaring his purpose
to deliver it Into the hands of the
common enemy. H's W will appear
on the ballot with four other candi
dates under the common caption. "For
William H. Taft for President," yet
he will not be for Taft. and says he
will pot be. He does not even fall
back on the favorite resource of the
Rnii Mooseri, by declaring that he
will abide by the people's will, so that
If the state shall declare for Taft he
will vote fer Taft, and if for Roose
it he will be for Roosevelt. Any
man in Kellaher's predicament, in
tending to deal honestly and can
didly with the people, could pot do
less.
Let us suppose that Mr.' Kellaher
had been nominated by the Democrats
of the State of Oregon, and let us
rtiv VO-RTTSn - OREGONIAX. TUESDAY, SKfXlSJllsK IT, ltna.
suppose that he had protested that he
was not a candidate. But, having been
nominated, let us suppose that he had
filed his acceptance of the nomina
tion and had coolly instructed the
Secretary of State to write after his
name, "Progressive, for Roosevelt."
It would have been a violation of good
faith and fair play, comparable only
to the action Kellaher now proposes
for himself as the Republican nom
inee. , ...
Mr. Borah is the Republican can
didate for Senator in the State of
Idaho. Mr. Borah has not declared
for Taft, . but he has indicated that
he would not support Roosevelt. His
attitude is not satisfactory to the. Re
publican state central committee and
it has demanded from Mr. Borah a
more specific definition of his posi
tion.. The Senator responds in this
fashion:
If they think I am not a Republican
and thla organization will meet and ao de
clare, I will decline my candidacy, ae I am
now nominated, and eubmlt the question In
another wa-. 1 will get off their ticket
and teat it in another way. I do not want
to embarrass the ticket. II my viewa oi
what AnnxtltiltAn Renubllcanlsm in this cam
paign are not satisfactory to this organisa
tion, I wm unhesitatingly accept w
diet and thereafter choose my cotine as to
how I shall reach the people and we will
find - out who constitutes ,. tha Republican
party In this state.
Senator, Borah" will have no mis
understandings with . the ' men who
have a right to speak, for the Repub
lican party. . But we have a different
brand of the Bull Moose in uregon.
COJUUXJB .OHADCATES IX pCHOOM.
It is- encouraging to notice the
large number of college graduates
who lira takinsr positions in the pub-
Ho' aahools this season.' Some of
them hall from Eugene, some from
the Agricultural College at Corvallls
and some from various aenomina'
tlonal schools and they are assuming
all grades of work from the primary
up to the highest- These teaoners
bring with them adequate knowledge
of their branches, or it is surprising
if they do not after the years of in
struction they have enjoyed. Know
ing their subjects thoroughly they are
equipped with the fundamental requi.
site to success In the school .room.
Most teachers who fail, fail for lack
of knowledge. They cannot teach wedl
because they are too ignorant. This
is the cold truth of the matter. Of
course some fail for other reasons.
but not many. Give' a young person
thorough mastery of grammar,
arithmetic. Latin or what not and the
chances are a hundred to one tnat
his teaching will be fairly good. Pu-
nils will overlook such trifles
hot temper. Indolence, or harshness
If they see that their teacher really
knows what he undertakes to tell
them.
But there is another side to tne
subject. College graduates bring
into the common schools not only an
art n ii a tie knowledge of the various
branches, but they bring also the
Ideals of the college and in so far
as these promote the genuine ' pur
pose of the common schools, they are
desirable. It Is sometimes oeuevea,
however, that not all the ideals ot
the college are precisely what the
nubile schools need most. For one
thing colleges aim first and foremost
at a high grade of scnoiasuc instruc
tlon. They seek learning for learn
lug's sake and when their graduates
enter the public schools they are
sometimes tempted to adopt the same
vlow of their work. Just as their
professors taught them the bare and
naked truth for the sole reason that
it was truth so they are moved to
teach the children in the public
schools with equal zeal anything and
everything which goes by the noble
title of knowledge. But that is not
th nurnose of the common schools.
They seek knowledge,' but it is with
an eye constantly on ma pratutm
aims of life. Theory Is admirable In
college. In the public schools what
we need above all is utility.
THTB U'BENTC OVERDOKp.
The Salem Capital Journal has be
come dismayed by the vast number
of measures to go on tha ballot, under
the Initiative and referendum, in No
vember, and Is candidly advising 4ts
readers to vote no on me enure num
ber. ' The principal reason given by
the Salem paper is that the expense
nf nrintinsr the official arguments and
of preparing the ballot and paying
for extra Judges and clerks is more
than the taxpayer ought to bear.
The advice Is good, but the reasons
of the Salem Journal are poor. The
voter is not so much troubled about
tha exnensa as the complicated ana
onerous nature of the task inposed on
him. Thirty-eight measures for in
vestigation and action by him are too
many far too many, jioreoveir, mere
m in the list 'many bills that should
not be permitted to go to, the people
in fho.lr nrooosed form
The antidote for u itemsm is nut
more TTRenism. Yet that seems to be
the only way wherein the public may
find out when it has an overaose.
LOVK ASD MARRIAGE.
The Los Angeles young people who
got married with tne written stipula
tion that they separate when love died
are victims of a dangerous mucoucon.
tinn of the function, utility and im
portance of the tender emotion usually
rcfoTTcA to love. It Is not surpris
ing that several preachers shied at
the task of performing the ceremony,
arid that Ae misguided pair came In
mora or less condemnation from
the pulpit, their odd contract being
described as cowaraiy sna !"""'.
Now that they have found a Justice
of the Peace with no scruples m
.tt.r. r whose scruples were over.
hadowed by need of the fee, their
progress will be watched with mora or
less interest as they ply the sea of
marital life in a frail craft that may
be wrecked by the first gust of mis
..nriat-standins:.
Love, that compelling emotion which
results' in matrimony, Is not a sub
stantial thing, nor is It necessary to
happiness, once the married state has
haen entered into. The glamour
.,m about the feeling by clviliza
tlon has gained a most powerful hold
on the imagination of the young;
hence the inexperienced are apt to
conclude that the tender passion la
,h. nea of life and happiness. On
tha other hand, there are those ex.
periepced persons who will Insist that
the married state aues j. okihoo
toother tolerable until there is t
total elimination of that peculiar state
of mind which leaos w me mar. mur
ine tha first few months of married
life the contracting parties invariably
note a falling away in the intensity
of their tender passion. But more
substantial sentiments replace
Thar comes a genuine affection.
combining of interests and viewpoints,
a. readjustment of character, a re
education of both parties to the re
qulrements of the wedded state. Where
neither party to the arrangement has
serious defects of character or points
of ineomrjatabillty. the changing proc
ess in mild, nleasant and certain. But
such harmony of soul frequently does
not occur and hence the ; estaoiisn
ment of conjugal equilibrium is
marked by tempests of greater or
lesser Intensity. Now and again, the
marital barkr Is wrecked.
The Los Angeles couple are start
ing out with a state of mind that
menaces their married life at the out
set. Obviously they have- been too
deeply impressed by the glamour ,ot
romance and sentiment that has been
thrown about love. They evidently
expect to have life proceed as a con
tinuous spooning bee, a protracieu
period of billing and cooing and arT
dent devotion. There is the danger
that they will be watching for that
falling away of prenuptial passion
which is certain to occur, and that
they may misunderstand its sig
nificance. There is the danger that
they will misinterpret the first squall
that besets their frail craft and so
decide love is dead. Unless, when dis
illusionment comes, they see the folly
of th.eir chimerical Ideals, separation
is a foregone conclusion.
DECENCY AT COTJUTRY FAIRS.
Great changes have taken place in
country fairs during the last three or
four decades, and almost every change
has been for the .better. One ol tne
changes that marks an advancing civ
ilization was the cutting out of the
pool selling and the betting ring, fol
lowed bv entire prohibition of bet
ting. Another was stopping tne saie
of ajRoholic llauors on the grounds.
Perhaps these two reforms have had
more to do with bringing our lairs up
to what they ought to be,
For years it was maintained that
elimination of betting on the races
would keep all race norses irom mo
fairs and make every meeting a fail
ure. The same was said of liquor
selling. The rum sellers were held up
for an exorbitant tax to do business
during, the few days of the fair, so
thev had to resort to every conceiv
able means to meet expenses. With
out this ble license fee It was averred
the fairs could not be held,-the loss
would be so exeat.
Tet with rambling entirely elimi
nated from all fair grounds, at least
in Washington and Oregon, the races
grow ietter, more Interesting and more
largely attended .year alter year, wnne
the farmer who has a good driver and
a faster horse than the regular race
track devotee) gets the purse.
There aa no longer urunsen men
and crooks on every hand. Children
are as safe at one of our country
fairs as at a Sunday school. They
are now real educators, every one of
them. Tear after year the exhibits oi
agricultural and horticultural products
and of live stock increase in numDcr
and in quality. Decency, pays on the
fair ground the same as it pays any
where else.
Invention promises to transform
the streetcar out of recognition be
fore a great while. New York's two
story cars are really mere adaptations
of the London bus with seats on top,
but they are a startling novelty in
thla country. Boston comes into the
game with a Jointed car, built like a
centipede on wheels, which swings
around sharp curves with unconscious
errace. By and by we snail nave street
cars of many stories, from whloh pas
sengers can step Into skyscrapers
without descending to the ground.
Automobile owners will learn with
Joyful expectations that a German
chemist has made ' artificial rubber
tires In his laboratory whlon nave run
4000 miles without giving trouble. He
noaa not claim to be able Just yet to
oomDete with the natural gum, hut
he has overcome the initial dlfficiil
ii.. whlrh are always the worst ones.
The rest will follow in due time and
prices will feel the salutary eiieci.
Now for a genius to invent artificial
gasolene.
Tha loss of Midlothian by the Brit
ish Liberals in a by-election must be
mfla noublv bitter by tne recqiiecuou
that it was Gladstone's stamping
ground. In Midlothian he made his
hiKtorle campaign when everybody
thnnirht he was too old to be danger-
o. ann returned triumphantly to of-
n. a "the Grand Old Man." Now It
rnn to the Unionists. To be sure
they win by thirty-two votes ouiy, uul
in this case a miss is worse than a
mile,
The Republican vote at the primary
in King County, wasningiuu, "
wak was more than 33,000, The Bull
mi nrlmarv vote a few days pre
viously had been about 8000. Tet
Seattle, which is In King County, is
the place where the Bull Mooser3 say
they swept the spring Pmij ii
Roosevelt by a vote oi aeven iv v..
John L. Sullivan Is out for the Colo
nel We shall iook ior bhuikm an
nouncements from Jim Corbett Bob
Fitzsimmons, Jim Jeffries 'and -the
rest of the. hasbeena. eiiow teei-
ine is strong among memoers ot me
once-were fraternity
In tracking down the leaders of the
murderous Allen gang the authorities
resorted to effective strategy. They
shadowed the house of a young wo
man of whom one of the oesperaaoes
was enamored.
Twenty - two German battleships
and multitudinous accessories maneu
vering in the North Sea are not so
much a defiance of Britain as display
of the chip on the Imperial shoulder.
Lillian Russell is to be ambas
sadress to the Court of St. James if
Teddy is elected. The "if" that inter,
poses itself should be noted In big
black letters a foot long. -
Roosevelt dined with Pinchot Sun
day and Taft was the guest of Aunt
Delia. There will be no campaign
controversy as to who got the better
meaL '
'The usual healthy Increase in
school population was shown yester
day morning and Portland can take
care of lt-
Work awaits 1000 men on Federal
irrigation projects at good pay. Soap
box meetings, however, continue full
handed, '
Ealazar may find himself at the
hot end of tha stick in holding an
American for ransom.
The high winds gave the apple trees
needed thinning, although ratner
late for best results.
Wilson's Itinerary Is now taking
him west. It will taka him south,
anon. . "
Dan Kellaher is finding himself at
last.'
SINGLE TAX AD A LOVO LIFE
Sir. Cullen Seeks tat New Scheme Sur
cease From Many Disappointments.
MERLIN, Sept. 14. (To the Editor.)
Under the caption, "Relying on Ig
norance, The Oregonian, replying to
my letter criticising the misrepresen
tations of Mr. Charles H. Shields, says
that my letter would have been more
interesting had I explained by what
process of reasoning I reached my con
clusion that the graduated tax meas
ure would not Increase the taxes of
any moderate landowner. If you will
grant me space I will endeavor to
supply that lacking feature of Interest.
First, as to implied ignorance. 1
plead guilty to lack of educational ad
vantages. Nevertheless, I Have had
some opportunities of observation, hav
ing walked and driven loose cattle
across the plains in 1847, when all tne
vast territory from the Missouri River
to the Pacino Ocean was tne heritage
of the common people. I came down
the Columbia from The Dalles to the
Cascades on a log raft, the best means
of transDortation at that time, and
from The Dalles to Portland on a Hud
son Bay batteau. I trampad, - bare
footed, hundreds of times where fort-
land now stands, before The Orego
nian was born. Have passed through
three Indian campaigns and served as
a commissioned officer through the
CIvU War.
On the frontiers of Oregon. Idaho,
Utah and Nevada I helped to wrest and
hold this vast domain from the sav
ages. I have served as an itinerant
Methodist nreacher for over 80 years
on the frontiers of Oregon, Washing
ton, Idaho and California, largely at
my own oharges, laooring, wun nnu
and brain while raising a family of ten
children, to establish the institutions
of Christian civilization in a wilder
ness; have bean twice driven from my
filings on Government lands by In
dlans, and once by money sharks and
landgrabbers, who not only robbed me
of my homestead on which I had spent
$1000 and over and spent two years,
but also robbed me and my family by
an unlawful usurious Interest of 20
per cent per annum of the fruits of
20 years of hard toil and hardships on
the frontier, thus proving themselves
a more heartless and relentless foe to
the pioneer than the savage Indiana
Again, while fleeing for refuge to
seek a new home, with the little rem
nant of stock we had left. In 1892, we
were un against the famous "D" ranoh
In Harney valley wnare fete r rencn
had stretched a wire fence 75 miles
Ions- Inclosing all of the water and
thousands ot acres of Government land
and notified the common people to
keep off the grass" under penalty or
losing stock on the first offense and
life on the second.
After Daying tribute, for driving
through this Inclosure, we came to the
notorious wagon road grant where mil
lions of acres of land were stolen from
the people while we were fighting to
preserve-our Government and hold this
herltasre of the people from savages
and plant the Institutions of Christian
civilisation in this vast domain, jau
lions of acres of this land, which has
been virtually stolen, are now being
exploited by wealthy and unscrupulous
speculators and corporations who hold
it t nrlcea Drohlbitive to men of ordi
nary means to be used for agricultural
purposes, unaer present
conditions
their taxes are merely nominal, while
they are reaping the enormous profits
resulting from the enhanced prices due
to the Influx of population.
-If the people get wise to the power
the graduated tax measure will put in
their hands, ana put men in onico wnu
will honestly assess such lands at the
values these men are demanding for
them, and cease to put the burden of
taxation on productive industry, there
can be no question as to the results
being favorable to the eommon people,
nf whom T am nroud to be one, and
atrainst the speculating, capuaiisuu
lanii e-ratabinsr. water power and fran
chise corporations, and, because they
know this to be tru.they are Bpendtng
thousands or aoiiars to put suuu inc..
as Mr. Shields In the field with his
misleading literature, to fool the peo
ple. But he cannot fool all the people
all the time. What littlo I have learned
I gained in the school of experience.
t naM dearlv for tuition and have
my diploma The common people have
already paid an enormous price for
tuition. It is to be hoped they have
n-ottea their education and graauateo.
J. W. CULLhlN.
PEACE) SUGGESTED TO "FRAT" MAN
Stand Tak.cn That Law Be Respected
and Agitation Ended,
TrTTT.ATsrn. sent. 13. (To the Ed'
Itor.) Having noticed and read the
letters published in The Oregonian late
ly concerning High School fraternities
In Portland. I believe a little sound ad
vice would do the writers no harm.
a a nrohablv know, a period of
three or four years has elapsed during
whioh the fraternities have been for
bidded by act of the Legislature. If
the fraternities succeed in evading this
law It will only be a question of time
in oma new bill Is passed and the
present one will be void. But the next
hii nnnnhtedlv be flawless. What
then can be done? And are the frater
-i. i.. .mini to the occasion?
Just what the ultimate solution of
,him will be I cannot prophecy,
though several ways are worthy of con-
t n.nv event, remember,
men. keep a stiff upper lip and do not
give up the good fight. We are in the
11 But If In the end we are defeated and
-ii fforta nrove of no avail, let
not then any man rise and propose that
. ... . e.m. iliInU wa ara
we defy tne i&w, o.a ........
now doing, vve aro i ln.u-,
novamment and all order, like
any liquor-crazed mob, but decent
Americans, and. as such, let not a man
cultivate a contempt for all la -w.
Now, men, let a ubb' e"v j
this agitation. It does harm if any
thing and Isn't becoming the gentle-
a . .v. . i ,r v, Bv,nni ru
men who maB up " "'b- " r "
ternities existing m "ri.
PEACE.
Pitch Springs In Greece.
n....ir and Trade Reports.
On the island of Zanite, Greece, there
are to be found what aro locally called
pitch springs. -They are at the south
ern end of the island in a broad swampy
baskn shut in on three sides fcy moun
...r' or,n on the fourth side to
the sea They are really springs of
crude petroleum which according to
analysis is of a very high degree of
purity. ... from tha earth
Tne peiru.Tu. ------ ;:-,,.
in
water basins, ouhhib up iu-ui-b--
mu
d in drops wnicn Dreaa auu
h aurface ol tne water. . iim
i. .r olow In the several springs,
not amounting to more than a few gal
lons a day. The springs were mentioned
v.- nrocv historian some four cen
turies before Christ. They seem to
have been considered merely as a curi
osity until aOOUl BU years ubu.
Science Surrenders to Romance.
London Corr.
ai Tama. Crtchton Crowne, a dis
tinguished British alienist, scientist and
eugenist, in an address at Sheffield, de
clared that science takes a back seat In
favor of romance and that he believes
in love at first signt. no amu.
t .m k hailever in the love match,
not only from a romantic, but from the
ei'ieenic viewpoint. I feel I am on firm
a in rornmmendlDS a return to
Nature in relation to marriage, end
with a due allowance for those natural
forces that are, pernapa, mora w
sighted in tha future of race Improve
ment than we see witu wi
.BtlAn anaotanlaa.
"Love at first sight of the right kind
is a physiological epoch, corresponding
with the installation tt new ....u.io ...
h. hi-ain There Is nothing more beau
tiful in the world than the love match.
It Is sacred, divine.
METHODS OF EDCCATIJIG Ml'TES
Lip
System Is Set Down
as . Havln
Many Defects.
PORTLAND, Sept. 15. (To the Edi
tor.) In The Oregonian' is printed
an Illustrated article concerning the
oral Instruction ot deaf children in local
schools. This city has a population
of about 100 deaf mutes, and you may
be surprised to know that many ao not
look with favor on such Instruction.
Tiiii oral instruction of deaf child
ren is "as old as t4 hills" so to speak.
Ever since me eaucation ot uw umi
mute was begun In earnest by Samuel
Helnlcks in Germany" and the Abbs
d' V Epee in France, about 200 or more
years ago, the oral and manual meth
ods have -both had strong and able ad
herents besides equally strong and able
foes.
It Is not only the adult deaf mutes
who have, almost without exception,
been through the mill of both oral and
manual instruction, but hearing men
and women who have spent most of
their lives in Instructing the deaf,
that look with disfavor upon the em
ployment of the oral method exclusively
in schools for deaf children.
The reason is broad-minded and hu
mane. No personal gain on advantage
accrues therefrom. The oral method
alone falls to restore deaf, people to
society; It falls to give them the edu
cation thev would sret If the combined
system were employed." The combined
system is a union of all methods, and
the slogan of a majority f the ablest
educators of the deaf today is the one
Invented by Richard Otto Johnson, su
perintendent of the Indiana State
School for the Deaf. vizl "All methods
for arood results and wedded to none.
Nearly every state' fn the Union has
a state school for the deaf, Oregon
among them, and in nearly every one
tha combined system is employed. The
mentality of children is as varied as
that of adults, and in ever- class of
haa-lnnara In every school each Fall
there are some who can be taught
nrofltablv bv the oral method and some
who cannot. It IS useless ior tne orai-
iats to araue that all deaf children can
be tautrht successfully ' orally, because
there are thousands of examples that
nrove tha claim to be false.
I have been eduoatea DOtn oraiiy ana
manually, have taught for seven year
In schools for the dear tnat employ tne
combined system, therefore should
know what la best for the coming gen-
ratlona of tha deaf. The deal you win
lwava hava with vou In the proportion
of one to 1000 or the population, ana
we doubt if the Burbanking of the
human race ' will materially change
thesa figures. - -
As the article today says, it Is a fact
that deaf children are not necessarily
dumb, and they can be. taught to speak,
but. Lord, how many neanng peopio
find pleasure In listening to their
voices? Writing will be founa more
nleasant and better understood- inose
who depend upon lip movements re
quire a great deal or repetition, uu
how many people of the every-day
world will stand for that?
If at the Buckmah School signs aro
forbidden and penalties Imposed for
their use, more harm than gooa is aone.
naf children will learn signs anyway.
Tt Is the same In all oral schools for
rn oaf. I or.ee Daid a visit to one
of the biggest oral schools for the deaf
in the country the Pennsylvania In-
ntitntinn for the Deal ana uumo tine
official title, hut what a misnomer!)
and thene the children used signs. How
ever, shSuld the Authorities succeed in
preventing ennaren irom using eigne,
hnr cannot Drevent them after reach
ing -maturity. As birds of a feather
flnclc toe-ether, deaf people naturally
seek out their kind, and since signs are
the means of communication ins oraiiy
taught soon learn, and, what is more,
they see the virtues of the combined
system and espouse it. The oral method
la a single method, narriw, bigoted,
refusing to see any good in any other
method. All the adult dear or tne country-,
about 90,000, so far as we know,
are against this method. They are be-
BlmnlTir tO tOln TOrCeS. tO UaiLB, UU,
sooner oij later-, .the propagandists of
the Volta Bureau, -an institution in
CTa-himrtnn. T. C whlon pUDUBnesanu
sends out literature extolling the oral
method as the thing, will meet strong
opposition.
In conclusion, I wish to express my
sympathy for the children attending
local day school for the deaf! They
will never get the education a state
school for the dear gives or is capaoio
of giving; they will never be able to
"take their place with people of the
.r.ro.div world:" they will be out of
place among those of their kind be
cause of their ignorance i m
tlonai sign language; tney win never
fit anywhere, hence their lot in lire
will be sad and lonely. Of course, there
will be exceptions.- It's the rule I'm
speak'ing of. The great majority of
deaf- children will never be benefited
by a narrow, bigoted, single memuu i
instruction such as, oralism is. Mra
Seng's daughter may be the exception,
and it is erroneous to conclude the
rule from an exception. My wife Is an
expert lip reader, being abla to read
the lips Of nearly every
talks with, but she is never aoie to
take her place In the hearing world.
It would be just as reasonable to try
and regulate or make conditions such
that a flsh cannot only live but' enjoy
living on dry land.
W. F. BUrlISl!ill-'t!irt, uoi m""
429 East Forty-second street North.
GLASGOW'S STREETCAR SK.KVIU..
It
Is In Many Ways Inferior tp Our
Own, Says a Patron.
PORTLAND. Sept, 14. (To the Edi
tor.) I read an editorial in The
nr.niti todav. signed "Commuter,
contrasting the service of tne looai
streetcar company wun mat oi vi
gow. Now. I do not wish to infer that our
local company should not give better
service, but 1 ao oeueve tuey bio en
titled to their due on either side. I
have ridden on many of the Glasgow
streetcars, or tramcars as they call
them, and I have also ridden on many
of the streetcars of London, Liverpool,
Belfast and Dublin, and I would much
prefer our local system to any of
them. " , .
you can only ride a few nlocks for
1 cent in Glasgow, and usually the
charge is 2 cents, and' as none of these
companies issue transfers your Journey
will very often -cest you 4 cents. I'll
g-uarantee you cannot get a ride in any
of these cities as long as from Monta
vllla to St. Johns for less than 6 cents,
and more likely It- will be . where
as here It costs but 5.
Now. to make a Just comparison be
tween our local company and any of
these others, we must take Into account
a man's earning capacity, which is
about H times greater here than
there. The Belfast system, as well, as
the Glasgow. Is operate4by the oity,
though Belfast gives no. Tides for 1
C'one feature of the service that I do
admire fh these eltles, and which I
think shoUM be adopted by our local
eoncern. is cars night and morning for
WOrk?elf 0nlateL5ANfBRENNAN.
Rubles and Diamonds. .
PORTLAND, SepvJ 14. CTo the Edl
tor.)I a genuine ruby more ex
pensive than a genuine diamond
The ruby is muchmore valuable than
the diamond, particularly when the
gem Is one carat or more In size.
" Willie" Pa Dcflnes Lawyer.
New Tork World.
Little Willie What is a lawyer, pa?
Pa A lawyer, my son. Is a man who
induces two other men to strip for a
fight, and then runs oft with their
clothes.
THE BENEFITS OK" FRATERNITIES
They Are I'pheld as Valuable to Col
legia Students Only. .
PORTLAND, 6ept:.' 14. (To the' Edi- .
tor.) As a' member of a college fra
ternity I regret very much the at
tempted sarcasm In the answer of "Fra- t
ternity" to your ecitoriai oi ruesoay, .
published In -Friday's paper. While I
regret it, I can unuerstanu tne reel
ing that prompted It. college rraterni- ,
ties have so many limes Deen tn
object of uncalled-tor criticism and un--
merited abuse that members have be-,:
come supersensative, so to speak. '
Prejudice and ignorance generally have
actuated the attacks and reason has .
failed as an argument in reply. So
where silence would .be - the' better-
course, the impulse Is, to striae oacK
blindly with ridicule ami sarcasm, inis
is a world-old error of youth. '
But The Oregonian s comment was
directed against high school fraternl-
ties only, and 95 per cent ot college
fraternity members the country oyer
will support a policy of abolition in
their case. , The charge of developing
and fosteHng snobbery la admittedly
well founded . against such organiza
tions. The college fraternities have
learned this through the bitter prob- .
lems of dealing with their own mem
bers taken from the high school or
ganizations' ranks. Some college fra
ternities even have louna it wise to
pass constitutional amendments against
the admission to membership ot any
young man who has been: a member of
a high scnooi iraternity.
The underlying principle or tne ira
ternity system is the supplying bf aa
Influence and a relationship to replace
the family circle from whioh the youth
Is separated on going to college. The
high school student lives at home, and
this principle Is lacking. The high
school student la under parental direc
tion and it is proper at this period of
life that all character moulding snouia
be under parental direction. The only
excuse of the high school organization
Is "society. It maKes tne social nio
complex and tends to' Interfere with
and nullify hosne' Influence ' without '
giving anything in return except, per
haps, "society advantages, iuc .nul
ls the natural product of the coodl-
tions.
College fraternities, too, have some
snobs. But tney are launs i !.
tlon and not of development. t,nspoiica'
material will never be tainted by the;
college fraternity's influence and -most
frequently faulty tendencies oi mun
men are .corrected. Some, with nar-
row principles Imbedded too deeply '
from birth, overact the democratio .
pressure and remain narrow.' Syca are .
born snobs. . ";
As said bofore, the foundation reason
for the existance of college fraterni
ties is the supplying of an influence
and association to replace the family
circle. A fraternity, laying aside, the ,
Greek mysticism and the secrtoy, ia
nothing more than a group of 80 or 25
young men banded together for home
purposes. They live together as a
family and members supply to each
other the . ties and associations that
are given up when the-home ties are
parted fpr the while. Mutual aid and
assistance based 6n a common oath
of mutual help and support, and a
purpose to pursue higher Ideals, be
tha tanants of the association.
It Is In this college home .life thal;.
the benefits of .'.he fraternity are re- .
ceived, and without it, in the modern
college, they are purposeless and existr
without reason. In early days when
colleges were limited in curriculum
and short in teaching staff, such or
ganizatlons found a field of action in
debating oontests and other lines of
literary development, .and in delving
Into other fields of knowledge not
covered by the college course. Now
voluntary organisations, of the pupils
are not required fori such things. The
colleges and universities in their
courses of study offer much better op
portunities for such study and develop
ment The college homellfe becomes
the broadening . influence at .the time
when a man's real character Is being
built on the foundation ' laid by the
family training. Toleration is tausi't
by the association, ' for toleration Is .
necessary when such a number" of
young men are gathered from as many
different waiH-a-ui uia -r .
vironjpenta to live together In the
Intimate relation indicated by the name
fraternity. The ties formed are last
ing The faculty members of the chap
ter 'are -frequent visitors at the house
and the close association between
treachers and students, not possible
now In the classroom In the great In
stitutions, thus becomes possible for
a large part oi tne iummn uuuj.
True, fraternities In college run to
society In a marked degree. But tha
social training received is an essential
part of college, as the young men are
training themselves for their part in,
life. Who will oeny w " "
Is deBlrable? In some institutions this
social "life is carried to extreme, but
not where the faculties exert the proper
Influence that comes from kindly ap
preciation and understanding of the
organizations. The undesirable phases
of fraternity life in nearly every oasa
only develop to a harmful degree,
where the natural good atrlbutes are
stunted by faculty oppression and mis
understanding. This applies to the
oharge of immorality that often is
brought against fraternities. Normally,
the fraternity is an agency for proper
development of its members. Clean
Ideals Will develop in any normal bunch
of young men bound together by the
ties of any National "iraternity now
existing if allowed to follow their
natural course.
If now and then, a chapter does
seem to -lose Its proper bearings and
sinks to a lower scale, such condition
cannot last long for the alumni mem
bers and the National organization will
soon see that there is a change. I tn
continuing " m
of my college aays -
fraternity are the greatest Joys of my
life, even after many years and the
memories or college
the dearest.
6. M.
GIRLS AS HUSBAND HUNTERS.
Experience Proves They Don't Wan
Help In Choosing Life Partners.
New Tork World. '
. To the many fads of vooatlonal train
ing In the publlo schools a new one
was proposea at mo
Institute In Cincinnati by Dr. Holmes,
a psychologist of the" University of
Pennsylvania. . He says: "All teachers
should teach their girl pupils bow to
distinguish a real man from an imita
tion one. When a girl marries she la
married to the family of the man for
fiva venerations back. If hl9
grandparents were deficient she will
have to expect trouuiu wnu i-
dIThere is a certain sex partiality in
the Inference that the proposed In
struction be given only to girl pupils.
Surely, on equal grounds, boys should
be taught to know a real girl from an
Imitation one. A boy may not have to
marry a girl's family five generations
babk, but he certainly has to accept the
old folks, and If he has been careless
he will have to expect trouble With his
mother-in-law. V :
But "waiving the Issue of partiality
and considering only the vocationr-of
the girl as a husband chooser, very
little Veflection will bring out the well
nigh hopeless absurdity of the pro
posed education. Nearly three thou
sand 'years of experience recorded In
tales arid histories proves - that the
more a girl is taught and educated to
marry a particular man the more she
doesn't do It. And who shall decide
between what Is the real man and
what the Imitation? Can any school
teacher do It better than the school
girl of marriageable age?
a' Girl's Opinion of Talk. -
New Tork Press. -A
girl knows enough to let any man
do most of the talking, except her
father. -