(DitjTwmit
roKTUtri. oaxaoit.
Entered at Portland, OnU. Post office s
eutacripliaa aia Isa nMr ta 4iM
BT MAIU)
r-al:y. Suae taeludad. aoe " M,
I l.r;a? IRcluoaO. sis BWIM ...
r. (aafar lr.c.dJ. tfiraa "'" ;?
l-a.:r tuaay ir.c.uad. eaa ssosia. ... 1J
!... without tirdiT. ra yr . M
rl vlfbouf fuacay, eis mooiba TZ
I: r. without Sunday, toraa in"ntM... -
i..t. wi:aat iuui, ana aaoats. - 7,
w !. ana yaar iw
S3r-dr. aria 7 r ....-- -
a-tilaj an Waakly.
(BT CARRlgR-
Sunday laciuSad. ona yesr...... J
I; a. r. Sunday Inc.ud.d. oca moots ...
Hm t Hamlt ..n4 p.tof fir . mr"T
r a?r.aa ardr or firlonil chck
Kxal eaaa. '.,'.7- VJdraaa
at tf! aaolr-a run. Ois r""',l
la full. mcludias county atata,
4 to k. paa. 4 cat, Fora. poetasa,
4oubi rat. , ta
taMra aa rncaa Varra Con.
cuo. ntaaar bul.aia.
a.miin.an Utt
W . l.or.doa.
f-lKTl.AM. Tt ,! V. M!"-' 1'
The Nsw York World ha takn the
pain to gather from the vsrlous state
holding- Presidential preference pri
maries the detailed total, of the entire
vote In both parties. The purpose U to
how that, d'splte the acuteness and
Importance of the Issues, the pubtlc
Interest after all wu languid. nd that
approximately per cent only of the
total wot wu represented at the pri
maries The figure are a follows:
mmana.
E:act!n.
KapuMtoan
far?'.an.1 .........
M !tcba
lunula
N,lraka
Srin tata
Waoachusaits
jtrfOlt ..........a
Hnl
I'tt'l
Prnnrylvanta ......
lwli.
4U'4.
Ill .Ml
;t t-it
!-
1.4
4I.W
T41.TT"
4.S4
ITi A
Sw.;ia
--
67
14T.7'-'
7l.rt
4SS.ft.V7
T,.i, i..iv.T rs.'
Th lmncratlf primary vota In ha aama
.a. a. '"ll"-'-,d.,1., ...rttlal
ImTatlc -
KiriuM
VI ii'Onaln .......
I: '.n'.la .. .....
XohrAaka ........
North Paaota ....
4aa;huaatta
l'-'n
F.'r:a
O'-'rBi'
Pennsylvania
i Ml -J
lt.V!""
4.u.7.'3
ISl.l'W
1..0..V4.I
a.4
31. I'M
2.413
14.li .
::iT .M
4.'
.
lT.rM
Sl.l"l
1.1.4 12
Ul.14
Totala M-
1.S43.204
n. World-, flanre. era ,h
rr.ct total of ll.twu tapproxlmately) !
bThe'V"tte!i which have for aeveral
years had the direct primary had a
fairly full ote; the atatea where there
was a eoap-bojr. or volunteer primary
made a poor ehowtn. But the most
striking- and illuminating- fact dis
closed by these valuable flgTire ap
peara In the Oregon return.
The only state In the entire list
where the Republican total exceeded
the 1 vote for Taft wa in Oregon.
Kverybody voted at the Republican
primary except a few thousand faith
ful Democrats who remained at home.
Th,v hraltated at perjury. The same
phenomenon appara In North Da
kota, where the Democrats almost in
a body abandoned their own flag. The
flKtires tell the story.
In Oregon all parde vote a Repub
lican ticket except at the regular
election.
M.r-R TEKM FOB rRKMOKNT.
The movement for direct control of
the Government and party machinery,
which has culminated in submission
to the state of an amendment ftr
direct election of Senator. Is to be
carried further. It Is to be expanded
into a movement for a six-year term
fr the President, who Is to be Ineligi
ble for re-election. Thl t a natural
outcome of the ferment of political
activitv which cause us to examine
critically each part of our Institution
and to cast off that seml-euperstltlou
reverence for the work of the father
which regarded any tampering with
that work as sacrilege.
The present dissension in the Re
publican party, caused by the attempt
of one candidate to set aside a century-old
tradition and by the charge
mad against his rival of ustng Fed
eral patronage to secure renomlnutlon.
doubtlee had much Influence In de
ciding the Senate Judiciary committee
to report favorably the Works
resolution submitting a constitutional
. . -.i..K vtndi t h a Presl-
uit-i.iii. ... - - - -
dentlal term to six years and restricts
each President to one terra, iiaa mis
. .4 . .. n t Km n In effect, neither
Roosevelt nor Taft would now have
been a candidate and there would hae
.,r-i. for the highest official
of the Republic Jo descend Into the
mire of personal controversy
The framers of the Constitution de
bated Jong whether the President
should have a short term and be eli
gible for re-election or a long term
nl be Ineligible. Kxperlence ha
proved that, however wise may have
been the choice for the early year of
the Republic. It was not wise for these
days. Though tradition forbade a
third term, the country has been per
turbed for the second time; within a
generation by an attempt t et aside
the prohibition. It ha bac.ane the
custom for a President to M'cr'
ond term on the pretext leaifur
I tiwi ihnn a ttmf i V cam
through his policies and thatVe de
sire approval of his conduct ,Lirlng
hi first term. Prom thra custoVfhav
grown up those of ualng patrotrjre to
aecur re-election. cf servility j Con
gress and of playtr.g poittV Jt the
administration of his office. , "U ef
fect 1 pernicious on the Preidr.t, on
all his subordinates, on Congress, and
therefore on the w hole public service.
The argument for a longer term I
conceded on all hands to be sound.
Kxperlence ha proved that In four
years there Is barely time enough for
a President to settle down In ham,
to get hts policies started and his ad
ministrative machinery working
smoothly. He should be given time
to show result. Deprived of the op
portunity of a a' ond term, he will
have no excuse for allowing any con
siderations oth-r than that of the
highest duty to Influence him. Know,
Ing that history will Judge him by his
performance In that one term and
that he has no opportunity to repair
any shortcoming by securing a sec
ond, he wll do his utmost to make a
creditable showlrg
The Nation cannot but rroflt mate
rially from the change hn wrought
In the position of the President. Rut
It will profit vastly more by having
frequent Prealdentlal election.
Politic so vitally affects business In
the United States that uncertainty as
to the result of a Presidential election
t-a'ises the whole Nation to pause until
It Is over. FCnterpris and business
await the election returns. Men's
mmds aro naturally diverted from
business by political excitement, but
when political issues are such matters
a the tariff, trusts, the monetary ss
tem. railroad, shipping laws, the ef
fect Is almost paralyzing. In a six
year term a PreMent would have bet
ter opportunity to secure final settle
r ent of some of these problems and
thus to take buines out of politics.
In any case, there would be a distinct
gain In making our periodical political
convulsion lei-s frequent.
The Works amendment has a much
to recommend tt a the amendment
for direct election of Senators. The
latter Is practlcaPy assured of ratifi
cation by the Spring of 1914. The
Works amendment should be ratified
at the same time. We should then be
able to elect the President In llfor
six year, to serve with the first Sen
ate cornpwi. partly of directly-elected
members. With the backing of a pop
ular vote at a Presidential primary,
with Senators backed In like manner
by the ballot, the President elected In
that year should be able to Inaugurate
a new era In our history.
MR. t.RAV PROMOTION.
Oregon has known Carl Gray for a
short year: but In that brief time he
ha made an indelible Impression upon
the state and the Pacific Northwest.
He Is an admirable exponent of the
new spirit and new attitude of the
railroads. He sees the people and
knows them. He learns their needs,
their desire and their sentiment. He
regards a railroad as something more
a great deal more than a private
enterprise and Its patron as having
something more than ordinary deserts.
The business of the railroad 1 to serve
the public. Mr. Gray", cardinal policy
Is that It should realixe that prime
function.
Mr. Gray has done much for Oregon
and much for the Great Northern and
North Bank roads In the Northwest.
All here note his departure with re
aret: but they are nevertheless pleased
with his promotion to be the titular
head of the vast Great Nortnern Jtau
road system. It Is a fitting recogni
tion of proven capacity and tested
character. It Is all the more signifi
cant, indeed, as a tribute to his worth,
since It come from the greatest rail
road man In the world and means that
he has been chosen to carry forward
the mighty work of Mr". Hill.
Mr. Gray like Oregon and the
Northwest. It Is pleasing to know and
feel that he will have the same inter
est always In Northwest affairs that
he has heretofore had. In his depar
ture we may have lost a neighbor, but
we keep a stout friend.
riNf-HOT-S VrXDETTA.
The hanging ud of the Borah-Jone
homestead bill In conference Is due
to the vendetta of Plnchot and hi fellow-conservation
crank against any
man who does not submit to their
dictation.' Plnchot boasts that he "got"
Balllnger. If Secretary Fisher were
not of one mind with him on the sub
ject of conservation, he would try to
terrorize that official by trying to
"get" him. Plnchot has promoted the
Roosevelt candidacy In an effort to
"get" Taft.
But Fisher ha proved an enthuslu.
tltc ally of Plnchot In an effort to
"get" any Senator or Representative
on the conference committee who
votes to reject the amendments on
which Fisher Insists and which would
defeat the whole purpose of the bill.
He has induced the conferees to delay
action and has used the time thus
gained 1ft starting a backfire In Senate
and House, for the purpose of securing
rejection of the conference report. In
case It should not meet with his
approval.
As usual with fanatics, Plnchot and
Fisher are manifestly unfair In their
methods of opposition. The man who
has been able to comply with the re
quirement of five years' continuous
residence Is a poor Judge of the case
of the man who. for lack of title, can
not raise money on mortgage to im
prove hi claim fully and who, for lack
of money, has not been able to make
it produce a living for him and must
therefore eke out a living by working
elsewhere. If Fisher desires to form
an unbiased opinion, let him obtain
the statement of the latter class of
of men. Let him send to Alberta and
Saskatchewan and obtain the state
ments of some of the American settlers
a to why they went to Canada Instead
of taking homesteads In the United
State. Let him distinguish between
the settler on the pralrU. who can put
a large part of his claim under culti
vation the first year, and the settler
in the Umbered country west of ths
Cascades, where the first two years
are occupied In getting ready to culti
vate a small patch of ground.
Senator Borah has shown himself to
be a good, persistent fighter. He and
hi associates In Senate and House
should Insist on a report from the con
ference committee, hammer away till
they get a vote and then carry the
right to the White Houe. Their great
eat difficulty will come in that quar
ter, for President Taft Is naturally re
luctant to turn down a member of his
Cabinet, but he Is open to reason and
may even act contrary to Fisher's ad
vice when Borah show him the better
reason.
-MVE ACRES) WILL IK.-
The Evening Record, of Marshficld.
Or, of a recent data ha an article
answering the queries of several as to
how rmich land would be necessary in
that section, for a chicken ranch on
which a family could make a living
and perhara save some money.
The Record saysr
On flva ar ot land a man who kns
somrlMnc of tha poutry buinaa and u
lnil'lsn.a and laiiuairy can raally mak a
Mvlna tur hlmea.f and family and aiao claar
ama mopry beeid-a a-n y.ar. This la
aaauming that good JuJsm.nt la eaarolaad
In tha choice of tha land Moreovar. It doea
not raqulta tha moat aipmla bottom landi
of rooa Pay for a chiraan farm. Tha hill
iasrfa offancs cralnaa axa t be beat and
in many c. " 1" buh.;
at a vary raaopaoie i;aur.
land, whi.h can ha acur.d at a low "sura-
ill In many caaaa. If proparly banc!
make a Itrat-ciaae ehlckaa ranch. Fire
arm aeTotad to a home ardo ana a
chl.kra ranch la al.out all ona man wt.l
care to hand.e If h is making a apacialty of
that Ilr.a.
Unless a person wished to engage
In the poultry business on a very large
scale, which would require consider
able capital, five acres is perhaps
enough land upon which to prosecute
the poultry business on a paying bast.
For the person of small mean there
are splendid openings In all part of
Oregon f.r establishing such enter
prise. The land needed can be pur
chased at a low figure, for. a the Rec
ord ay. It need not be the expensive
bottom land. Cut-over lands can be
had In various parts of Western Ore
gon that are Ideal for this business
close to markets, possessing a superb
climate, and there the poultryman can
raise all of the vegetables th family
TTTT; MORNING lOREGOMA. TUESDAY. MAY
will need with a surplus to sell, if
the man Is of the right sort.
One of the fallacies entertained by
many who embark in the poultry busi
ness Is that tt U a vocation of ea.-e
and idleness, the hens doing all the
work. Thousands of people are ruined
by such a view. As a matter of fact,
there U no business requiring closer
attention to details than the raising of
poultry and the production of eggs.
The eight or ten-hour man or woman
will surely fall at the business. The
labor a a rule Is not nam. out ono :
must be on. or at least close to, the
Job 2 4 hours a day.
Women generally are more success-
ful In raising poultry than men. They
seem to "take" to the business better, j
pay closer attention to details, get In j
closer touch with the fowls, watch the
young chicks In a motherly way get I
the best results all around. There are j
hundreds, perhaps thousands, of worn-
en now employed In menial capacities j
In the cities of Oregon who would do j
much better In every way on a little ,
poultry ranch. The capital required ;
n .tart mm- ha vp rv amall. The lano
.... h t. i nn innr time with a vezv
small cash payment, a tent will answer
In place of a house ror many monmis
and there will be money coming In
almost from the nrst aay oi mo atari.
d.. . v. whn anereed must live with
the strictest economy and devote every
moment to the business. in return
i .m .4 a Ufa of health and
lndepender.ee. Most of their time will
be spent out of door, so that even
those In poor health can afford to take
to the business witn a certainty or
hMtrinr their condition in every way.
Indeed, for the seml-lnvalld one who
can get around to do the light work
the poultry business In Oregon offers
the best inducements or any occupa
tion open to the person of small
means.
A LlMOS IN QrAXJTY VS. QIAXTITT.
So bountiful Is Nature In her largess
and so Improvident, looking to per
fection If unaided In the product of the
orchards of Hood River that It will be
necessary for orchardlst of that re
gion to thin the apples that have set
on the trees by at least one-half.
Otherwise quality will be sacrificed to
quantity and that without Increase In
the bulk of fruit at picking time.
There Is a lesson of undue prodi
gality of production In this that Is by
no means confined to the orchards of
the Pacific Northwest. Erstwhile we
were taught by a maxim saying: "Na
ture, as a mistress, is gentle and holy:
to obey her 1 to live." We know bet
ter now. having learned that Nature,
as a mistress. If unrestrained and not
subjected to human reason. Is hard,
even cruel, and given to excess, and
that to obey her Implicitly and unques
tlonlngly at all time Is to make seri
ous wreck of things material to the
happiness and prosperity of the Indi
vidual, the Nation and the race. The
lesson is a valuable one whether
learned from orchard trees and their
fruitage or from vital and economic
statistics that relate to the progress of
the human race.
NEW YOKK'K ANTKjrK It BUI
KCHIHI1A
Under the general direction of Pro
fessor Paul H. Hanus, New York has
been making a thorough Investigation
of Its antiquated public schools. Pro
fessor Hanus Is the head of the peda
gogy department In Harvard Univer
sity and his stricture upon the condi
tion of the New York schools show
that he Is fairly well up with the times,
though no doubt he might learn a few
things if he would visit the progressive
West. The Superintendent of New
York's public schools Is Dr. William
H. Maxwell, who has held his position
for a long time and is not commonly
believed to care much for what Is go
ing on In educational circles outside
the metropolis. Like the Yale secret
societies. Dr. Maxwell concludes that
because a thing has "always been so"
It ought always to continue so, hence
the public schools do not welcome
new Ideas very warmly under his
headship. He Is solidified and ap
plauded In his fixity by a board of di
rectors more antiquated if possible
than he Is himself. It consists of
forty-six members who receive no
ostensible pay for their services, but
Tammany finds many of them useful
In various ways and sees to it that they
do not go entirely without recompense.
Most of the directors know a great
deal more about ward politics and
paving contract than they do about
schools.
Under such influences the public
schools of New York have naturally
run up to Latin, examinations. Inter
minable written reports and various
other varieties of useless seed. They
are highly nutritious to Dr. Maxwell
and the ruling caste of politicians, but
the children get comparatively little
out of them. The recommendations
for reform which Professor Hanus
make no doubt raised goose pimples
all over the bodies of those In author
ity. What he said about Dr. Maxwell
Is discreetly suppressed, but we can
make a shrewd guess at It without
much difficulty. A city superintend
ent who ha fed side by side with
Tammany for a generation and never
raised a row presents a fair mark for
an Investigator who really wishes to
Improve the schools.
So far as the multitudinous board of
directors I concerned, no Westerner
needs to be told what Professor Hanus
recommended. He wants It cut down
to reasonable proportions. Five direc
tors are enough for any city in the
world. Very likely three would be
better than five, and perhaps one
would be preferable to three. With a
small board responsibility Is fixed and
efficiency is obtainable, as of course It
never can be with a mob of forty-six
to wrangle over every proposition.
The Interest which some of these di
rectors take In the schools is said to
be "languid." Their Incomes are so
large that they can send their own
children to private Institutions. Hence
the public schools sit very lightly on
their consciences. The same phenom
enon has been observed In other cities
not so large as New Tork. Professor
Hanus Is of the opinion that the
schools try to teach too much, but he
happily escaped the quagmire of rail
ing at "fads and frills." Like a wise
man. he directed his thunder at the
really useless elements of the school
curriculum, like "higher arithmetic."
most of which Is neither very high nor
very good arithmetic and utterly silly
a mental pabulum for school chil
dren. Professor Hanus also speaks with
refreshing frankness against the fool
ish practice of "analyzing" literary
masterpieces In school. This unblest
process neither conveys any knowledge
of literature nor fosters the love of
reading. It simply sterilizes the child's
Intelligence. In place of It. Professor
Minna like a man of sense, want
more reading. Let the boys and girl
take "Robinson Crusoe" and read it,
he counsels, and do not bother them
with questions about the sources of
the story, the style and the grammar.
By taking up a dozen masterpieces in
this way, the pupils will begin to find
what literature Is and perhaps get
some taste for reading, which they
certainly never do get a things are
managed under the old system of lit
erary dissection.
Under the Maxwell regime It Is im
possible to overestimate the fetich
worship which Latin enjoys. The su
perstition is that no school course can
have any value whatever without an
Infusion of this magical tongue.
Hence it is taught with reverent assid.
ulty even in the manual training
schools. The boys and girls may
never learn anything about chisel and
planes, but if they know how to de
cline mensa their future Is supposed
to be assured. Naturally Professor
Hanus desires to change this arrange
ment. He approves of the modern
languages, the . fads and fripperies
such as mechanical drawing and do
mestic science, and has not a word to
say against music which is sometime
denounced as the worst of all the
frills.
Somewhere In his report, of which
we have not seen a complete copy,
there must be a recommendation for
the use of the schoolhouses as social
centers. New York ha 600 of these
buildings, which, like those of Port
land, stand vacant for the greater part
of every day In the year and for a
large portion of the year are never
opened. The modern doctrine of effi
ciency counsels that Bchajolhouse be
used for all sorts of public meetings
and civic diversions. Whatevar Inter
est the decent public is a proper occu
pant of the public school buildings.
Some cities are enlightened enough to
permit parents and children to dance
within the w alls so long consecrated to
arid learning and dull stupidity. Prin
cipal A. F. Hershner, of . Lents, has
caught the social center Idea, as we
discern from an address which he
made last Friday. "These plants
should be utilized during the Summer
months." he said, meaning the school
buildings. Like Professor Hanus, Mr.
Hershner favors all the frills and fan.
cles, such as manual training and
school gardens. We are not sure that
he approve of picnic and dances
within the hallowed precinct of Mi
nerva as yet, but he is headed in the
right direction, and It is only a ques
tion of time when he will arrive.
The numerous friends and profes
sional associates of Miss Eva S. Rice,
who has for many years been engaged
In teaching in the public schools of
this city, will learn with deep concern
and regret of the serious accident
which befel her through an automo
bile accident last Sunday. Miss Rice
has been active In the promotion of
the Teachers' Retirement Fund. Her
long term of service for the district
will make her one of the early benefi
ciaries or annuitants of the fund and
It is hoped that she will live a goodly
number of years to enjoy the rest and
annuity to which her faithful services
entitle her
Bv August Strindberg death the
world lose one of its foremost literary
men. His life was unhappy and his
character by no means amiable, but his
contribution to Swedish literature was
of the first importance. Some of hts
radical plays have been translated into
English and are for sale at the book
stores. "Countess Julia" 1 a good one
to begin with.
An old-timer well known to the pub.
lie Is In the habit of saying that Ore
gon never has settled Summer weather
until the "high water" in the Colum
bia Is over. Circumstance seem to
suDDort his view this year. Just as
the river reaches flood stage the rains
begin. The coincidence Is interesting,
to say the least.
By the time the San Farncisco Fair
Commissioners finish their round of
banquets in Europe, their digestive
omns will need repair. But a san
Franciscan Is so loyal to hla city that
he does not grudge ruining his diges
tion in it service.
If most people would use all of the
five senses with which nature has en
dowed them, they would not need to
borrow a sixth from the lower animals
In order to guard human life. The loss
of the Titanic wa due to failure to
use the five senses.
An Idea that should develop Into re
ality is the proposed rest place and
nursery for weary mothers and chil
dren during the Rose Festival. A tern.
r.Ara rv reatinir-rtlace where needed at
tention can be extended is proper part
of the fiesta.
A man who lacked resolution to for-
sake habits of Inebriety, even for love
of a woman, could summon up resolu
tion to take his own life after deliber
ate Dreparatlon. Human nature is
full of such paradoxes
If the Ty Cobb case puts a stop to
offensive remarks from spectators, the
Incident will have value; but It will
not. That Is a matter for local man
agement and police.
When a widower of '0 prays for a
second wife and gets one of one-third
hi age. It is demonstrated that ybung
rren of this day are shockingly slow
or lacking In piety.
The heroism of the priests who have
devoted their live to the lepers will
always make the dreaded name . of
Molokal shine brightly.
Carrying out Hiram Maxim's idea. If
white mice protect the submarines, the
big liners need something the size of
a white elephant.
i whit man who nlavs China lot
. l..a aa fia miiat In aurh a
game. Is deserving of pity for hi lack
of acumen.
Berrv growers are sending out their
perennial call for help, but the crowds
about the employment omces ao not
diminish.
Newton Johns, the Seattle bootblack
and llfesaver, has the modesty peculiar
to the brave. .
The gardens and pasture needed
the showers, dui me loiiage on iicuu
gear suffered.
Abdul Baba Is all right in sizing up
this country a all right.
The Western Reserve is again the
, battleground today.
21. 1912.
PROVISIOXS OF SEW PENSION ACT.
New Law Bases Farsseats Age and
Length of Service la Civil War.
CHEHALIS, Wash, May 19. (To the
Editor.) Please state the provisions of
the pension bill Just passed. I served
four years in the Civil War.
L. W. SANDERSON.
The new pension measure is a gen
eral service act payment of pensions,
under its provisions being progressive
according to age and service. Appar
ently those entitled to increased pen
sions do receive ths same automatical
ly, as proof Is required, according to
rules and regulation, to be fixed by ,
the Secretary of the Interior.
It is provided that any person who
served 90 days or mors in the military
or naval service of the United States
during the late Civil War, who has
been honorably discharged therefrom,
and who has reached tb age of 63
years or over, shall, upon making proof i
of such facts, according to such rules !
and regulations a the Secretary of the
Interior may provide, be placed upon
the pension roll and be entitled to re
ceive a pension as follows:
In case such person has reached the
age of 63 years and served 90 days, 113
per month: six months. $13.50 per
month; on year, $14 per month: Hi
years, $14.60 per month: two years, $15
per month; $H years, $15.60 per month;
three years or over, $10 per month. In
case such person has reached the age
of 66 years and served 90 days, $16
per month; six months, $15.50 per
month; one year, $16 per month:
years, $16.50 per month; two years,
$17 per month; JV4 years, $18 per
month; three years or over, $19 per
month. In case such person has reached
the age of 70 years and served 90 days.
$18 per month: six months. $19 per
month; one year, $20 per month; 1 H
years. $21.60 per month; two years, $23
per month; years, $24 per month.
three years or over, $25 per month. In
case such person has reached the age
of 75 years and served 90 days, $21 per
month; six months, $22.60 per month;
one year, fH per month: Hi years, $27
per month; two years or over, $30 per
month.
The act contains the further provis
ion:
Any person who served In the military
or naval service of tha United States during
tha Civil War and received an honorable
discharge, and who was wounded in battle
or in line of duty and is now unfit for
manual labor by ' reaaon thereof, or who
from disease or other cauaea incurred in line
of duty resulting in hla disability la now
unable to perform manual labor, snau do
paid tha maximum pension under this act, to
wit. $30 per month, without regard to length
ot aervico or age.
HOW FLOODS ARE AVERTED
Impossibility of Recurrence of June
Overflow 1st River Explained.
PORTLAND, May 20. (To the Edi
tor.) In thnse warm dayii one bears
tourists, ani some Portlanders, ex
pressing them lelves in regard to the
"annual flood" in the Columbia, and
they have the idea that each year
Portland either suffers, or is likely to
suffer, from excessively high water.
Probably It would be well for Port-
landers to make an effort to remove
this impression, and all of us ought t
know why there 1b small chance or
no chance that the city will ever be
visited by another "June flood."
Two factors are working in Port
land's Interest to avert floods from the
Columbia River. The first is that very
large quantities of water are now di
verted annually in May and June lor
irrigation of lands along all the trib
utaries of the Columbia and Snake
rivers. All through Eastern Oregon,
Eastern Washington, the State of
Idaho, parts of Montana, Nevada and
Wyoming, as well as in the British
possessions to ,he north, this diver
sion and consumption of water go
on at a time to decrease the flood that
used to come down from the melting
snows of the mountains during the
hot days of May and June. Possibly
10 times as much water is now ai-
verted as during the year of our last
back-water flood from the Columbia.
The Becond factor that operates to
nrevent the Summer flood is the great
deepening of the channel of the Colum
bia between Portland ana tne sea, oy
reason of the woric done by the Port
of Portland Commission. The dredging
has been done, of course, at the very
places that formerly clogged and hin
dered the flow of the flood waters.
The deepening of the channel, witn its
consequent Increased drainage, is proo
ably more important in the matter of
avoiding Summer floods from "back
water" than the increased diversions
for Irrigation along the tributaries of
the great river.
Of course. In these days, wnen an
'unslnkable ship." like the Titanic
roaa to tha bottom of the sea, It is wen
not to prophesy with too much posi-
tivaneaa but nevertneiess it appears
certain that Portland will never again
suffer recurrence or tne great June
floods of 1$76 and 1894.
WILLIS S. DUNIWAY.
Votlag Qualifications.
MEDTORD, Or., May 17. To the
Editor.) (1) In which states are there
more negroes than there axe whites In
the United States? If so, which ones
are they, and the relative population
of such states? (2) What Is the voting
age In Finland. In New Zealand and
In Australia? Are property rights re
quired In all of them?
RALPH CLARK.
1. The 1900 census shows: South
Carolina, whites. 657.807; negroes, 782,
811. Mississippi, whites. 641.200: ne
groes, 907.630. Figures for 1910 census
are not available.
2. The Australia laws are mad by
the separate states. New South Wales
and New Zealand have universal male
and female suffrage for citizens over 21.
Tasmania has universal male and fe
male suffrage for the House of Assem
bly, but a property qualification for the
Legislative Council applicable to both
sexes. Queensland ha a property qual
ification for male suffrage. South Aus
tralia and West Australia have a prop
erty qualification for both men and
women. Victoria has a property qualifi
cation for men of little education; pro
fessional men are freed from that. Fin
land has universal male and female
suffrage for citizens 24- years old. See
"Australian Year Book." page 962.
Lobs Hatpins In Germ amy.
PORTLAND, May 20. (To the Edi
tor.) Apropos of the recent letters in
The Orea-onlan relative to the
dangerous hatpin, I would suggest the
plan In vogue In "certain cities in Ger
many. The streetcar conductors are
provided with nippers, and snip off Vie
ends of all protuberant hatpins worn
by passengers. A most excellent and
precautious measure for the protection
of eyesight. Hatpin shields for the
point are likewise for sale in all
jewelry shops. And may I make one
other suggestion on a widely-different
subject- Why do not our candy-sbop
proprietors provide small scoops or
tongs for the handling of candy. What
Is more unsanitary or repeilant to a
dainty person than to have the candy
you have selected, clutched In the
soiled band of the clerk and the hand
must of necessity be soiled from the
frequent handling of boxes, scales, etc
and sometimes from the caressing of a
fluffy pompadour. Often when tempted
by the attractive window displays to
purchase, I as often turn away at the
thought of the manner In which It
will surely be dealt out.
A MOTHER.
HOW TO KEEP TP TO DATE.
How best can the Constitution be
kept up to date be kept in harmony
with the popular will of the time?
That is the question brought up for
discussion by Roosevelt's plan for re
call of decisions annulling acts of the
Legislature on constitutional grounds.
The constitution of a state is the for
mal declaration of the will of the peo
ple of that state that their government
shall be organized In a certain manner
and of the principles by which It shall
be guided. Those principles are neces
sarily general. The Legislature has no
power to enact laws which do not con
form to those principles. Some au
thority must decide whether laws do
so conform, when their validity is
questioned. The courts have been by
constitutional provision or by common
consent adopted as this authority.
Every constitution contains pro
visions for its amendment by a cer-
taln process n tne older states by
submission of amendments by tne
Legislature to the people and their
adoption by the people; in Oregon and
other Western states by that method
or by submission of amendments un
der the initiative. XTnder such pro
visions a Judicial decision which inter,
prets the constitution as being at vari
ance with the popular will as expressed
in a legislative act can be reversed
by adoption of an amendment which
brings the constitution Into harmony
with that act. By this process not only
Is that particular decision reversed, but
all others of like tenor, and the ren
dering of any other such decisions is
forestalled. This is done by a change
In the declaration of the general prin
ciple involved.
The weak point about the Roosevelt
plan, from the standpoint of the man
who seeks the same end, as Roosevelt,
1 that it does not strike at the root of
the evil. It acts like a man who mere
ly cut off the stalks of the weeds in
stead of rooting them up. Thus recall
of the New York decision, of which
Roosevelt made an example, would
only effect a change in the constitu
tional provision" on which it was
based, so far as that provision related
to that particular case and others
closely parallel to It. The constitu
tional provision would remain in full
force with regard to all otner cases w
which It might apply. "We should,
therefore, have a restricted, piecemeal
amendment of that provision. If the
recall of decisions were used to the ex
tent to which the initiative is exercised
In Oregon, we should have a constitu
tion the letter of which would be to
tally misleading as to what was actu
ally the fundamental law of the state.
We should not know what the consti
tution really was until wo had made
footnotes to each clause, giving tne
substance of each decision which had
been recalled.
In order to attain the end Roosevelt
seeks, therefore, and to keep our con
stitution free from doubt and confu
sion, we shou'd amend the constitu
tion and embody in it a new principle
when Judicial interpretation shows it
to be out of harmony with the popu
lar will. The new declaration of prin
ciple, being broad and general In its
terms, would cover every case coming
under the same general head and
would be a clear guide to the courts.
It would dig up the weeds hy the roots.
Instead of merely cutting off their
heads, as would the Roosevelt plan.
THE ELECTION MURDER AT BULLY
Pioneer Corrects Some of Statements
Made About Old Incident.
VALE, Or, May 17. (To the Edi
tnr i in The Oreeonian May 14 you
say "the ' County Court of Malheur
County would do a good deed by clos
ing the saloon at Westfall," which
statement is probably true, as might
also be said of saloons almost any
where, owing to the point of view of
thA onA ennflinerinor tne Question, uui
referring to the Humberd murder you
av the Bailev brothers were "filled
with Phil Cammann's whisky." Per
mit me to say that P. A. Cammann
never sold any whisky, nor did he run
a saloon, but did conduct a general
merchandising establishment and was
the first Postmaster at Bully (now
Westfall), and held the position until
his death. June 14, 1896. No man liv
ing in that community ever held more
of the esteem and regara m un uo. ar
bors or was more sincerely mourned
than Phillip A. Cammann.
The fact is that at that time no
saloon had been established in that
precinct, and it was currently reported
at that time that the whisky was sent
into the precinct that day by a promi
nent candidate of the Democratic party
for the purpose of controlling the pri
mary in his own interest. But be that
as it may. It was very easy at that
time to send out to other towns in the
county and have from one to five gal
lons of whisky sent in by stage. It is
within the bounds of possibilities that
the Bailey brothers and others Jointly
ordered in the whisky, as it was a com
mon occurrence lor tnis io muiio.
especially upon any extra occasion, and
a few moments' conversation with any
one who was living there at that time
would probably lead one to the conclu
sion that the sole "mitigating circum
stance" was that by a great many peo
ple It was believed there were others
who were equally guilty with the
Bailey brothers. but who escaped
punishment. a pIONEER
Three Queries Answered.
CASTLE ROCK. Wash., May 19. (To
the Editor.) Please Inform me as to
the location of the Grand Trunk Pacific
Railroad, the names of five noted sing
ers of the present time, and some
thing about Henry Foster. R.
The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway
was chartered October 24, 1908. It Is
intended to extend from Moncton, New
Brunswick, via the city of Quebec
thence in a direct line to Winnipeg,
Manitoba, and through to the Pacific
Ocean at Prince Rupert, B. C. Total
length of projected line is estimated
at 3544 miles, exclusive of branches.
Nordics, Schumann-Helnk, Melba, Ca
ruso, Bond.
Henry Foster (1796-1830) was an
English navigator who accompanied
the commission on the Northwest
boundary between the United States
and British Columbia, and made sur
veys of the mouth of the Columbia. He
later was engaged in important geo
graphical and scientific expeditions to
the Polar regions and the South Seas.
He was drowned in the river Chagres
while taking observations on the Isth
mus of Panama.
Differences la Pension Laws.
PORTLAND, May 19.(To the Edi
n Kindlv state in which way the
pension bill which was recently signed
by the President differs from the so
called Sherwooa bill, and also how it
differs from the law now in iorce.
OLD SOLDIER.
A synopsis of the new pension law is
published elsewhere on this page. The
Sherwood dui graniwi ui v
to all veterans of the Civil
War, irrespective of age and time of
service. The bill differs from the pres
ent law in that the latter in theory is
a disability act, while the new law Is a
general service act.
Half a Century Ago
Prom Tha Oregonian of May 21, 1SK.
New Kent, Viu. May 10. The pursuit
of the rebels by General Stoneman has.
been in every respect successful. His
headquarters is now here, 29 miles
from Richmond, while his advance is
five miles ahead. The rebels are ever
In sight but are gradually falling
back.
Chicago, May 13. A dispatch from
Norfolk, Va.. of May 10, states that
General Wool had Just entered the city
in company with the Mayor and com
mittee of the city government. The
last of the rebel troops left that morn
ing. The forces arrived at Norfolk
after a tiresome march at S o'clock
without firing a gun. The Norfolk
Navy-Yard was burned.
Cairo. May 13. The steamer Meteor
has arrived from Pittsburg Landing,
bringing news to May 11. It has been
definitely ascertained that General
Lowell, from Missouri, has arrived at
Corinth with 30,000 troops. Instead of
the rebels abandoning their entrench
ments, innumerable forces of negroes
are at work felling trees, forming
abatis, strengthening earthworks, etc.
The Atlanta Confederacy states that
in its Judgment Beauregard is well
nigh flanked on both sides.
Cairo, May 13. General Butler has
issued a proclamation declaring mar
tial law in Norfolk and suppressing the
collection of taxes, except such as were
imposed by the laws of the United
States. The circulation of Confederate
bonds as evidences of debt was strictly
forbidden, but in consequence of the
great distress which would ensue
among the poorer classes If the circu
lation of Confederate bank notes was
suppressed, such circulation is per
mitted as long as any one may be in
considerate enough to receive them,
until further orders.
The Paris correspondent of the Lon
don Herald writes that a strong feel
ing is growing up there in favor of
intervention In America. The impres
sion is so powerful as to cause uneasi
ness among the northern party in Parts.
It is believed serious overtures have
been made by the French Cabinet to
Palmerston with a view to joint action
to put an end to the war, which, ac
cording to otnciai tniormaiion rnceiv
is now as far from terminating as
ever.
Three companies of Oregon cavalry
took their departure from Fort Van
couver yesterday" bound for Walla
Walla.
Mr. John Hatches' pack train, consist
ing of 31 fine mules, from Siskiyou
County, arrived in this city last even
ing. It is bound tor tsaimon rtivei.
Shortly after the arrival of the Carrie
Ladd last evening we noticed iwo
miners depositing the sum or u,m in
gold dust in the house of Wells, Fargo
& Co.
The Carrie Ladd brought down $175,
000 gold dust last night from Salmon
River. It is said that the snow has
nearly all disappeared In the Salmon
River mines. Many miners are doing
well those who have their claims
opened.
The remains of three men were found
on the 13th inst, by Thomas Newland
and Charles Carson 12 miles north of
Turner and Newlands' place, at the
Pataha. The flesh had all been eaten
off the bodies by wolves, and nothing
remained but the bones and part of the
clothing, together with some old let
ters and a memorandum book. On a
flyleaf of the book was written: "Jan
uary 24, 1862. James B. Shaw. In com
pany with Solomon Brodman and Henry
Debbena. If you find this, you will
please advertise It In the Christian Ad
vocate." The party had evidently
frozen to death in attempting to cross
the ridge from Patana to aif-
1
A "Ed" Howe Sees Life
Few men do as well as they could
do, to say nothing of doing as well as
they should do.
The average man is the best type;
the great genius is a freak.
How stubborn men are in refusing to
accept your clear, convincing argu
ments'.
When a man falls in being wise, he
attempts sarcasm; then, lacxing suc
cess In that, ne Dscomes a numonsu
Business men, as well as working
men, are working shorter hours al
though we are accomplishing more. It
is commendable, but it reduces the op
position of the men willing to work
ten hours.
If a woman makes $16 a week, peo
ple say: "Isn't she grand!" But a
man must m&so more ina.n ma.t ii
hopes to attract general comment.
There is nothing more pitiful than
the man who has responsibilities he is
unable to meet successfully. x
Every man like the word "progres
sive," although he may not he able to
do anything with it beyond the talk-
Nature asks nothing of you except
that vou hurry along and get out of
the way waen you can't hurry along
fast enough.
It is
looking.
a woman's duty to be good-
The Wonderful Power of Radium
New York World.
Suppose that the energy of a ton of
radium could be utilized in 30 years.
Instead of being evolved at its invari
able slow rate of 1760 years for half
disintegration, it would suffice to
propel a ship of 16,000 tons, with en
gines of 16,000-horsepower, at the rate
of 15 knots an hour for 30 years prac
tically the lifetime of the ship. To
do this actually requires 1,500,000 tons
of coal.
A SPECTRE.
A ship went down in the wintry sea
As slie struck on the grizzled ghost.
Where demons were holding revelry
And death stood near aa host.
Loved ones whispered a fond farewell
And clung in a last embrace;
E'er they sank to the realm where
mermen dwell,
A spectre marks the place.
A spectre that haunts us through the
years
And marches the ocean sands.
Waiting her chance, as she laughs and
sneers.
At the strength of our puny hands.
And all the wisdom tha years have gave
Is crushed in a fitful hour.
And, stilled are the hearts of the true,
the brave.
While we in awe may cower
Upon the rocks and whisper prayer
As we list to the echoing moan.
Of stricken hearts, in the waters there.
For they were all our own.
Ah, yes, 'tis a spectre bleak and drear
Clothed In the shroud of death.
That hovers about us ever near
To stifle ths human breath.
And though we may build our mightiest
things
And Bcorn impending gloom.
She swoops to our very midst and
- wrings
Our heartB In the hour of doom,
G, NORBREY PLEASANTS.
rl