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PORTLAND. MOXDAT.
APRIL. .
THE DEMOCRATIC CONTENT.
The race for the Democratic nom
ination Is now between Governor Wil
ton and Speaker Clark, with the lat
ter In the lead for the present at least
and gaining m many quarter. Wil
ms derives his strength from the rank
and file. North and South. whlle
Clark's popular following Is rendered
more effective by the backing of the
party organisation and by the coali
tion he has made with Harmon and
i-nriorwnod against Wilson. Clark
wMr th edse off his defeat in Penn
irvlvanla by earning Nebraska, and.
though Wilson carried Oregon, i
3rv.kr rave him little to apare.
Clark has been making great gains
In Iowa. Massachusetts. Texas. West
Virginia. Kentucky and Maryland.
Wilson's hardest fight Is In his o
tate. where ex-Senator Smith a
Nugent are vigorously campaigning In
r Harmon. Clark having re
mained out of the contest through
rm.FiMr A divided delegation is in
prospect In Ohio. Wilson Is backed
there by the strong Bryan following.
nri nnm has been stumping the
state In an effort to kill off Harmon
The outcome Is not easy to forecast.
Wilson has a long lead in the South.
He Is believed to have two-thirds of
the voters in North Carolina, thougn
I'nderwood Is forcing the fight
through newspapers and circulars. In
Kentuckv Wilson Is losing ground
many of his supporters having deserted
to Clark, but his managers are man
Ing an aggressive campaign. Louis
lana turns to him as first choice. Har
mon as second. I'nderwood and Clark's
advocacy of free sugar having spoiled
their chances. The Maryland organ
ization is divided between Clark and
Harmon, but Is united In opposition to
Wilson, who has the backing of the in
denendent element. Wilson is still the
strongest man in South Carolina, hay
ing the support of Senators Tillman
and Smith and Representative John
son, but Underwood has made some
Inroads on his following. Clark has no
upport there. Wilson Is most favored
by the Independent element in Ten
nessee. Harmon by the, regulars, but
I'nderwood is a general favorite with
both factions and has made great
gains. Wilson has made a breach In
the Harmon ranks in Virginia and Is
working to widen it. If West Vir
ginia were to elect delegates today.
Wilson would almost surely get them
all. but Clark Is strong in the rural
districts and is gaining In the cities.
He Is the second choice.
Connecticut is divided by a struggle
between the state committee, which
plans to send a delegation instructed
for Harmon under the unit rule, and
the Insurgents, who wish to have the
delegates untrammeled. Clark has a
majority of the Iowa state convention,
and Wilson has been weakened by the
withdrawal of two of his backers from
the contest for state offices. Chances
favor Clark in Massachusetts, where
the rank and file of the state- leaders
support him. while the "high brows"
favor Wilson. Minnesota is practi
cally conceded to Wilson, sentiment in
his favor being overwhelming. The
Michigan organization Is uncertain
whether to concentrate on Clark or
Harmon In order to head off the
strong Wilson movement, which Is
gaining many instructed delegates to
the state convention, neither Clark nor
Harmon having an Instructed delegate.
South Dakota has a three-cornered
contest among factions for the use of
Wilson's name on the primary ballot,
so unanimous is the state for the Gov
ernor. Bryan Is the second choice of
one faction. Clark of another.
Wilson Is expected to carry the Cal
ifornia primaries on May 14. though
the result may be Influenced by pri
maries and conventions In other states
prior to that date.
The tide of Wilson sentiment has
evidently passed the flood, while that
nf Clark sentiment Is fast rising. If
Harmon has any strength. It has not
yet developed, though his sponsors say
it Is being held back purposely. At
present the chances of the Ohio man
as well as those of Underwood and of
the several favorite sons rest in the
possibility that Wilson and Clark may
develop about equal strength, but that
each may fall short of the necessary
two-thirds. In that case, should the
following of neither break ranks, both
men might be dropped and a sable
teed be trotted out.
l,Offc! IS MAR1VK TV81 RANCK.
Such losses as that of the Titanic
make so large a hole In the funds of
Lloyd's marine underwriters as can be
filled only by a long period of Immu
nity from serious marine disasters.
Profits on marine Insurance have been
small for several years, owing to the
keen competition among underwriters.
In consequence, the admissions of new
members have not been sufficient to
offset the number of deaths and resig
nation, for bidding for business has
left little or no margin and has taken
away the attractions of underwriting.
Although the shipping business has
Improved materially as compared with
the last few years, this brings no com.
fort to the marine underwriter. Para
doxical as It may seem, good times for
the shipowner are hard times for the
underwriter. The explanation is that,
when demand for tonnage Is heavy,
the older ships are pressed into serv
ice and losses are proportionately
greater, while only the most modern
ships are used In hard times, owners
finding It cheaper to lay up old ves
sels than to pay for repairs. Prosper
ity has also Increased the cost of re
pairs to such an extent that an effort
has been made to raise Insurance rates,
but without success.
There is an element nf gambling in
marine Insurance which attracts men
of a speculative turn. This U pafUcu-J
larly the case with reinsurance of
overdue vessels, this being the means
by which an underwriter "hedges" on
his risks. Many a fortune has been
made by a man who has taken a long
chance In reinsuring an overdue vessel
and who has proved a winner when
his risk came battered Into port
months after It had been given up as
lost. But the element of chance which
tempts men to reinsure has been
greatly reduced by wireless telegraphy
and by other modern aids to
navigation.
DBVEIOF HOMB INDISTRV.
Is showing what home Industry can
manufacture. Linn County has adopted
the most effective means of develop
ing the home market. A common hu
man weakness is to assume that no
commodity can be produced as well
at home as at some distant town, yet
It is most unreasonable. It is also an
offense against patriotism, which, like
charity, begins at home and extends
over a wider circle as the field or
common interests and associations
broadens.
That country become truly rich
which goes beyond producing raw
materials from the earth to working
up those materials into the finished
shape. It also, becomes Independent
and self-reliant by supplying lis needs
at home. Every citizen has Interest in
promoting home industry, for the far
mer. merchant, banker. Each thereby
broadens his own market and in
creases his own prosperity.
Oregon, however, has a claim on
her home market not only on th
ground of local patriotism, but on that
of the excellence and relative price of
the manufactured product. Not only
is our wool equal to that of any state
or country, but we have the best cli
mate and the best water for making
it Into cloth. The adaptability of our
soil for flax-growing has been proved
and our climate is equal to that of the
north of Ireland for making flax into
linen. Our forests produce lumber In
the greatest quantity and of the great
est variety, and we are admirably sit
uated for the Importation of the beau,
tlful woods of Central America, the
Philippines and Australia with which
to make furniture.
Then let us not be content with pro
duclng raw materials for the manu
facturers of other states. Let us
manufacture them ourselves and let
us provide the manufacturers with the
nucleus of a market by buying their
goods at home and making every Ore
gon home an exhibit of Oregon
products.
WILLIAM T. STEAD.
Among the men who went down on
the Titanic, none will be more widely
regretted than William T. Stead, Brit
ish Journalist, philanthropist, author
and publicist. In the face of his sud
den and awful fate even the British
Imperialists are ready to forgive his
championship of the Boer cause, while
humanity everywhere will mourn him
as a friend.
Mr. Stead was known as the most
outspoken man in ail England in the
cause of duty and right aa he con
ceived them, against selfishness and
wrong. His open crusade against vice
and licentiousness a few years ago w-as
largely Instrumental in starting the
agitation against what is known as the
white slave traffic ." His words upon
this topic were well considered, but so
plain that their meaning could not be
mistaken, and these were Illustrated
by Incidents, not of hearsay, but which
had come to the actual knowledge of
settlement and slum workers, that
gave to them appalling significance.
He was a man who lived In the domain
of mind a man of spiritual alertness
Joined with an unflinching courage to
uphold the right as he saw it. whether
It touched the domain of politics, law,
economics or social science.
A philanthropist withal, with a sim
plicity of nature that made him too
often a prey to the unscrupulous who
demand and live upon alms as their
right, it Is pleasing to think that, like
Abou ben Adhem." "exceeding peace
had made him bold" and that as "one
who loved his fellow-men" the name
of William T. Stead has been written
"In the Angel's Book of Gold."
TREATIES TO OOVERN SEA TRAVEL.
Close Intercourse among nations Is
steadily building up a code of interna
tional lew dealing with many subjects
on which each nation has hitherto leg
islated independently. The subject of
precaution against repetitions of such
disasters as befell the Titanic Is no
sooner taken up than it is recognized
that, unless all maritime rations make
them Jointly they will prove ineffec
tive. Thus tie Senate la not content
to pass laws governing American ships
only, but calls upon the President to
negotiate treaties which will make
such laws International.
The .treaties may be expected to
place safety above every other con
sideration. The steamship companies
will probably be required to provide
enough boats and life-rafts to carry
all members of the crew and all pas
sengers, regardless of the number of
water-tight compartments Into which
a ship Is divided. No discount on the
boat accommodation is likely to be
allowed on account of any other safety
measures, since the sinking of the
unsinkable" Titanic.
Strict regulation of wireless teleg
raphy is sure to be a leading feature
of the treaties. Not only will all pas
senger vessels be required to have
wireless equipment; employment of
enough operators to Insure the con
stant presence at the key of a man
whose mind will be alert, his ear
keenly listening for the least whisper
from the air, will be compulsory.
There will be no more cases like that
of Cottam, of the Carpathla. who had
only eight or ten hours' sleep between
Sunday night and Thursday' night.
There will be no more neglect to an
swer wireless calls because the oper
ator is busy casting up accounts. Had
Bride promptly answered the Caltfor
nlan's call, the Titanic would have had
timely warning of the presence of ice.
bergs and could have so reduced her
speed aa to render the impact harm
less, if she could not have avoided col
lision entirely. The treaties may also
contain stipulations for uniform laws
to be passed by each nation preventing
Interference by amateurs with the
public wireless service.
It is possible that the nations may
agree on regulations by which vessels
will steer a course clear of the Iceberg
belt during the period of danger from
that cause, or will be com pelted, to re
duce speed when In iceberg-haunted
seas.
These precautions will Increase the
cost of building and operating ocean
liners and will proportionately ln-
miM rafber mv a llttlo wnnrm fti - - f
...... .
ve at his In- I of
& ot going to I th
surance that he will arrlv
tended destination Instead
the bottom Of the ocean. The speed
of ocean travel will be reduced some
what, but steamship companies will
find "that a record for crossing the At.
iantic in five days is not as good an
advertisement as a record for few
shipwrecks and low mortality. A re
action from the speed mania has set in.
"LKST HE FORUET!"
Early In June, less than two months
hence, we are to have great "doings"
In Portland the festivities attendant
upon the annual Rose Festival. This
carnival has come to be not only one
of Portland's greatest bids for popular
favor but is now considered as one of
the most Important holiday periods of
the West.
To make the Rose Festival what it
has become has taken much thought
ful and intelligent labor and much
money; but our people have quite
willingly footed the bills, which It is
understood amount to something like
$50,000 per year. To put the festival
on a permanent basis it is now pro
posed to levy a special tax on city and
county property of something like
fifth of a mill, which would provld
sufficient funds each year without re
sorting to subscriptions to carry th
jubi'ee through even in a more elab
orate way. There has as yet developed
but little opposition to this plan of
procedure.
Something like a month after th
Rose Festival we shall have the Elks'
Carnival, or rather the meeting of th
grand lodge of that body, and again
all Portland will be In holiday attire
and the carnival spirit will again con.
trol us. To make this meeting possl
ble and as elaborate as other cltle
have made former meetings of the
grand lodge of the order our citizens
have subscribed about 1125,000, which
will be used In entertaining the guest
and furnishing amusement for them
and the attendant throngs. That the
payment of such a large sum shows a
commendable public spirit is certainly
true; that those who were lnstnjmen
tal In securing the meeting here are
worthy of the greatest commendation
is likewise true. Portland is proud of
the Elks, proud of those who have
labored and given financial aid to
make the coming event in July possi
ble, and. as it Is sure to be, successful
But "lest we forget" let us consider
another meeting which will be held
here between the two events named
above, perhaps In the last days of
June. That Is the annual meeting of
the Oregon Pioneers. Heaven forbid
that we should become so engrossed
with the Rose Festival and the Elks'
Carnival, or with our social, political
or business pursuits as to overlook
what ought to be Portland's most hon
ored festal occasion. But for-the la
bors of the pioneers, ibut for their
trials and hardships and devotion, but
for their love of home and country,
but for their sacrifices without reward
and their struggles without recom
pense, there would be no Oregon, no
Portland, nothing to make the Rose
Festival or the Elks' Carnival possible.
But for the pioneers we would be liv
ing. if residing in our present hablta
tionn, on alien soil, would be ruled by
a King, would be the subjects of a
monarchy In place of living in a free
land.
'Lest we forget!" Can it be possi
ble that any son or daughter of Ore
gon, native or adopted, win ever for a
moment forget the work of the pio
neers? Is it possible that In our pur
suit of the dollar and our love for the
festival and the carnival we shall
overlook all that the dollar and the
festival and the carnival stand for a
happy, prosperous, united' and liberty
loving citizenship? Can It be that In
our pursuit of wealth or ease or com
fort or pleasure we are going to over
look those who gave them to us?
In June In the last days of June
the pioneers will meet here. In their
time there were many of them, many
men and many women. Of all those
who took an active part In laying the
foundation and starting the frame
work for a great state there is only one
left today; he may not even be with
us tomorrow, for he Is 94 years old.
When our beloved Father Matthleu
passes away there will be no link left
to bind the Oregon of 1912 to the Ore.
gon of 1843. that is, none who took an
official part In the proceedings at
Champoeg, on May 2 of that year,
where the real Oregon was born.
"Lest we forget!" We have given
liberally to the Rose Festival, liberally
to the Elks what do we Intend to do
to make the comlna meeting of the
Oregon Pioneers a red-letter day In
Oregon history?
ELECT THE IMMIGRANTS.
The time has come when the United
States must more and more carefully
select those whom we will admit to
our shores and on whom we will con
fer citizenship. Conditions have so
changed as to require a radical alter
ation In our policy toward Immigra
tion. Fifty years ago we had vast
areas of land which we desired to have
peopled, and the Immigrants who
came to people them were of the same
nationalities as had contributed the
original colonists. Our supply of va
cant land Is now well nigh exhausted
and we need no longer welcome all
comers. Tet those who now come are
mainly of nationalities alien to the
early colonists and to the Immigrants
of (0 or more years ago.
Disappearance of the principal rea
son for inviting Immigration has coin
cided with a great Increase In immi
gration and with the coming of a less
desirable type of immigrant. In 1911.
of the net addition to our population
by immigration, 67.9 per cent were of
the Slavic and Iberlc races of South
ern and Eastern Europe, 2 per cent
were Asiatics and 38.3 per cent were
of the Teutonic and Keltic races of
Northwestern Europe which readily
assimilate with our native population.
To how great a degree the new type
of immigrant Is deteriorating our pop
ulation Is apparent from the fact that
the percentage of Illiteracy among
those over 14 years of age was only
2.2 for the Teutonic and Keltic races,
while for those of Southern and East
ern Europe It was 81.9, and for other
races, including Cuban, African, Jap
anese, Armenian, Syrian and Mexican,
It was 31.5. Many of these illiterates
show a laudable desire to learn Eng
lish and to become truly American,
but the great majority swarm In the
slums of the great cities and often
herd together, forming foreign colonies
in which the English language Is al
most unknown.
The Dillingham bill, which has just
passed the Senate, does something to
remedy this condition by requiring
that every male immigrant must read
and write. This would at least exclude
the Illiterates and render the, immi
grants more easily assimilable. But
the bill should go farther. The statis
tics for 1911 show that 59.5 per cent
the Immigrants were destined for
the four great manufacturing statesj
of New York, Massachusetts. Pennsyl
vania and Illlneis. and that 81 per cent
were destined for the states east of
the Mississippi and north of the Po
tomac and Ohio Rivers. The great
states of the West and South, where
population Is most needed, received
only 19 per cent of the total.
This glut of immigration to the
states where It is least needed and this
thin tide to the states where
It Is most needed is due to
the failure of the law to guide the
stream. Steamship companies and
labor agents are allowed to stimulate
immigration for purely mercenary
reason without regard to its desira
bility from the standpoint of the Na
tional interest. Steamships are al
lowed to dump their loads of immi
grants on the Eastern edge of the
country. Employers are allowed
to aggravate the congestion in
great centers of population, that they
may use the green Immigrant In club
bing down wages and lowering the
tmcrlran standard of comfort. No
provision is made, except to a very
limited degree, for selecting the immi
grant and placing him where he is
wanted and where he will become a
gain to the country rather than a
detriment.
The Pacific Coast has until recent
years been protected from undesirable
immigrants by distance at the same
time that it has been deprived of its
share of the desirable. The time is at
hand when we shall be as much ex
posed as the Atlantic Coast to the
evils of the present lack of system.
We have a direct, vital Interest in the
immigration problem, for upon its cor
rect solution depends the future cnar
acter of our population and the fu
ture course of our development. Our
troubles with the I. W. W. will prove
only a foretaste of the troubles in store
for us unless we exert ourselves' to
bring- about the right solution before
the flood of immigration pours into
our ports.
The combination of the fruitgrowers'
associations of the Pacific Northwest
with the Northwestern Fruit Exchange
is an application for the general bene
fit of those modern economic methods
of which we hear so much, but which
have been applied by the great Indus'
trial combinations solely to their own
aggrandisement. Such a combination
is In the interest of both producer and
consumer, for It secures to the pro
ducer a higher and more stable price
at the same time that it secures to
the consumer a lower price and a
more constant supply. This statement
Is no speculative assumption, for its
truth has been proved by experience.
The California orange and raisin-
growers, the Michigan peach and grape-
growers and other like organizations
in various sections of the country have
successfully followed out the same
plan of packing and marketing their
crops. selling direct insteaa ot
through middlemen, they have in
creased their own profits by securing
for themselves a large proportion of
the middleman's profit, while yielding
a share of that profit to the consumer
In the shape of lower prices.
A bill fixing express rates for par
cels weighing eleven pounds or less
has been introduced in Congress by
Representative Adamson. It estab
lishes the zone system and greatly re
duces rates, but may be used as a
buffer against parcels post legislation
and therefore encounters opposition
from parcels post advocates. Its pro
visions contain evidence that it is de
signed to save the express companies
from postal competition. It is not
likely to go far.
The Government contemplates the
establishment of a laundry to wash
paper money and Is now experiment
ing with two machines, which cleanse
$25,000 worth of money a day. If this
device succeeds, as seems probable, a
large proportion of the $1,000,000
spent yearly in redeeming soiled cur
rency will be saved. The bills are
made to look as clean and crisp as
when new.
Orders have been received at all
recruiting stations to rush the increase
of the regular Army. Well, possibly
It's better to have a large standing
army In time of peace than a large
running army In time of war.
Putting aside the crushing horror
of it all for a moment; do you not
feel just a little prouder of the race
after reading of the Titanic wreck, es
pecially if you are Anglo-Saxon?
It will be found that the sparrow.
being city bred, eats the alfalfa weevil
as a diversion when in the country.
The good In that bird has yet to be
demonstrated.
Mr. Bryan continues to play In good
luck. He declared he would not sup
port Harmon, but would abide by the
choice of the state, and the state chose
the Mlssourtan.
Writing of insulting notes to young
schoolgirls seems to have been stamped
with the approval of Multnomah
County's voters.
The defeated candidate for nomin
ation will have much less to worry him
than the successful man.
Viola Carver has given one proof
of sanity. She has refused 'to go on
the vaudeville stage.
Opinion of the result from Wash
ington, D. C will have something
frank to It.
Large sales of automobiles do not
affect the sales of real estate this
Spring.
Maybe we can have a few days now
of uninterrupted Interest In the ball
scores.
The Walla Walla penitentiary seems
to be a profitable institution In many
s.
Toung Mr. Rosewater .has not his
father's faculty of swinging Nebraska.
Really, now, what can one suppose
the defeated man told his wife?
The Maryland is going to Mexico to
remind them of the Maine.
The number of Democratic voters In
Oregon Is surprisingly small.
"When you see It in"
'it's so."
the returns.
All together, now. for the Rose Fes.
tlval!
Oregon wosupJi trial, and won
At the Cafeteria
By Addlaoa Bennett.
There was trouble at the cafeteria.
The checks and the cash and the cash
register and the blonde did nut agree
on the receipts of the day before, and
as usual there was a shottage of
money, for the amount registered was
$3 less than the cashier could dig up. j
I do not know hew it is, said
she to the proprietor, "for there was
every cent in the mill that I took in.
and I know I did not make any mis
takes In change: I never do." In de
tall the boss tried to have her go over
the larger transactions, where she had
taken a ten or twenty dollar coin.
Finally, becoming discouraged, the
boss asKed If there was any way she
could account for the discrepancy, tell
Ing her for the hundredth time'tha
the machine couldn't pcsslbly lie. Thi
roused the blonde to sharp retort, for
the implication was that she lied. So
she remarked, sweetly but firmly:
think somebody gave the mill a dose
ot this medicine that I see advertised
and it worked while it alept.'
Just how much further the repartee
would have proceeded no one knows,
had there not been at that niomen
a commotion at the entrance, and in
came the members of the Cafeteria
Poultry Company Limited, and they
were all talking at once, talking rathe
loud and rather excitedly. They grabbed
their little bundles containing each
napkin, knife, fork and spoon, and wen
down the line, loading their trays abou
as usual, save that the vegetirlan con
tented himself with two portions
what was designated on the bulletin
board a "vegetable roast."
'
Once seated at the table the con
versation started up again in a spirited
manner, apparently where it wa
broken off at the entrance door.
tell you what the trouble is," said the
vegetarian. "Our friend. Bones, made
a pretty darned bad mess of things ou
at the ranch, for he allowed that hon
est farmer man he told us about to
hand him, or us, according to the way
you look at It, a large and juicy lemon,
When I got out there the other day,
as per our arrangement, I was met by
that honest feller and the first thing
he did was to make me an offer of two
bits each for them hens
"I asked him what he could do with
such ancient fowls, and he told me he
had a recipe for a mash feed by which
he could fatten 'em up in a week or
two and sell 'em for broilers. 1 told
him I would see him later and he went
away. Then I went over to another
neUrhbor what keeps hens and when
I told him what that honest man had
told Bones. I Just thought that feller
would laugh himself Into a fit.
"Now, I lcnowed the other day, when
you fellers was tttlking, that hens don't
have teeth; neltner do roosters nave
teeth. I always knowed It, but I Just
thought I wouldn't let on to you fellers,
but would go out there and straighten
things out." Then he explained how
he and his new-fjund friend had looked
the situation plumb in the face and
had discovered that the reason the hens
were not laying was not on account
of their age at-tall. but because they
were short of male society, two roosters
not being enough to scratch for them;
that there ought to be a rooster for
each hen: have them In pairs.
"Mv new friend, who Is above all
question one of the finest chaps I have
met up with for some time. tooK me
over to his henyards and showed me
that he had 50 hens and 50 roosters,
all running together and producing
eggs to beat the band almost 60 eggs
every day. And he said we should be
getting 6UU eggs a aay, ana wouia si
that many if we treated the hens as
thev should be treated.
So I started in at once by buying
45 of his roosters, which he said would
leave him five only, but Jie had bu or
dexed, always changing the breed every
Spring, which was the scientific thing
for Doultrv breeders to do. i nen i
sent into town end bought all tn
likely young roosters I could get
about 250 and have an order in for 300
more, which will be out In a couple of
cfays."
www
"1 would pointedly like to ask.
butted In the fat man. "how we are
going to get 5000 eggs a day from 6000
hens, as you fellers figgered out to
me when vou promoted this 'ere com-
Danv and trot me hooked for my $333.33
when the half of them hens Is roosters?
You fellers may be mighty smart; any
how you was smart enough to separ
ate me from that wad, but I know a
thing or two about the hen business
my ownself, and one ot them things Is
that roosters don't produce no eggs."
You needn t get hot under tne col
lar." replied Veg. "If you wsnt to lay
down on this proposition you can do
so. But suppose you go out there and
manage this poultry company yourself
for a few day7 Bones ana me ng earn
had a few days on the Job, and, while
I am free to admit that Bones allowed
that hottest countryman to shot his eye
up about the age of them hens, and
about the teeth of them hens, we must
remember that any of us Is liable to
make slight errors. Bu: I haven't made
any mistakes and the concern Is now
in good working order, or will be as
soon as them other roosters arrive."
oao
So It was agreed that they would dig
up another thousand dollars, that Fat
should go out and receive the roosters
and get the hens started to laying, all
expressing the belief that they had at
the outset been a little too sanguine,
too optimistic In their calculations, but
that their first estimates could be cut
In half, allowing the roosters their
board and room rent free, and still
there ought to be. and would be, a
profit of at least $4 per hen for each
female, egg-laying hen, or say $100.
000 profit per year from 35,000 hens
and they ought to have that many In a
year without any Investment beyond
the $2000. .
F. M. WARRE.VS KIWDLY DEEDS
Illustration Given of His Readiness te
Help Those In Distress.
PORTLAND, April 19. (To the Edi
tor.) It was with deep regret that I
read the news confirming the loss of
F. M. Warren in the disaster to the
Titanic. My respect for him dated from
our acquaintance, which occurred about
13 years ago, arising in this" manner:
A widow client of mine, who had re
cently lost her husband, held an in
stallment contract for the purchase of
two suburban lots from Mr. Warren in
a tract which he was then selling oft
in that manner. Considerable had been
paid upon this contract, but the woman
was In default In her payments and not
in financial circumstances to go on with
and fulfill her contract.
I laid these facts before Mr. Warren
and asked him if it were possible that
all of the payments made by her upon
the contract could be applied in pay
ment on one of the lots, and let this
widow pay up the balance and have
one of the lots, otherwise she would
have to lose all that she had paid. Mr.
Warren, without hesitation, spoke up,
saying. "Certainly, we will let her have
the corner lot" which, of course, gave
her much the best of the transaction.
This, no doubt, is only one or tne
many Kindly ana gracious icis per
formed by Mr. Warren, but I felt that.
as I knew the circumstances oi tnis
particular case, it would not be im
proper at this time to give the same
publicity. SOL BLOOM.
Italy aa Cotton Producer.
New Orleans Picayune.
Italy now imports more than $50,000.
000 worth of cotton each year. Hence
the government is carefully fostering
all attempts to produce a native crop.
CLOSER RELATIONS DESIRABLE. 1
Kx-Soldler Speaks for Friendly Feeling
Between Veterans of Two Wars.
CORVALLIS, Or, April 18. (To the
Editor.) The fragrance of blossoms
and flowers on every side reminds us
that in a few days the veterans of the
war with Spain, Sons of Veterans, the
good women ot the Relief Corps and
the public in general will all unite
with a few surviving veterans of the
Grand Army in paying tribute to the
memory of those who gave their lives
for their country's cause.
I would like to express my thoughts
with regard to the respective relations
j of the. Grand Army with the Spanish
war veterans, and among the comrades
of the latter organization, with the
hope that when we meet this year and
all subsequent years, the ties between
us may be stronger and stronger as
time goes on.
There is an impression among Grand
Army men that the war with Spain
did not amount to very much, and we
of the Spanish War veterans have to
acknowledge that, as far as its dura
tion and the number of lives lost is
concerned, it does not come up to the
Civil War. But there are other things
to be considered, the first being tha
when the war was declared tn 1898
and volunteers were called for, the
same spirit of patriotism which caused
the men of "61 to flock to the standard,
was .displayed in '98. And no
knew when or where the trouble would
end.
The war with Spain did not last very
long, it is true, but another thing that
seems to be overlooked by our good
fathers of the Grand Army is the
surrectlon which followed the Spanish
American War, and which lasted quite
a while, resulting in the loss of nun
dreds of good men, both regular an
volunteer. Though It is a dozen years
since peace was established and th
volunteers mustered out and returned
to civil life, the regulars are still i
the Islands, and still losing men, on
or two or a dozen or so at a time, but
still losing them.
It Is suggested that it is as hard to
die in some bamboo thicket In the
tropics as It was at Shlloh or Gettys
burg, and the shock to the widows and
orphans, made so by the war with
Spain must have been as severe. Serv
ice in the tropics Is not a picnic, by
any means, as is evidenced by one fact.
at least; that the Government gives th
men 20 per cent increase of pay and
two days for one, for service ove
there.
It Is not my purpose to make light
of the services of the men of the Grand
Army, or to bring on a controversy, but
simply to ask them to give credit where
It is due, for we are their sons, and
had the war with Spain lasted up to
the present day, and there were any of
these same sons left, they would still
be doing business "behind the guns.
We love the men of the Grand Army
and feel It our duty to make their
stay among us as pleasant as possible,
and we would assure them that they
can make their last "bivouac" secure
in the thought that the glory they
earned can never be dimmed.
THEODORE F. DARCY,
U. S. A. Retired
POIXT IS SOCIALISM EXPLAINED
Private Ownership of Things to Be
Used Individually la I'pheld.
PORTLAND, April 19. (To the Edi
tor.) According to the heading of J.
H. Wilson's letter in The Oregonlan of
April 15, "destruction of the Institution
of private property" Is the rock upon
which Socialism Is about to be wrecked
Now, before the opponents of Socialism
sit down satisfied that the wrecking is
as good as accomplished, it would be
well for them to examine that rock
little more closely and see if it is really
as dangerous as Mr. Wilson would lead
us to suppose. We believe they will
find it to be a phantom existing only
in the minds of those who have not
studied the question very thoroughly.
Socialists do not advocate the de
struction of the institution of private
property." On the contrary, they
strongly uphold private ownership of
everything that one may use or enjoy
Individually.
I will quote a few writers on this
point:
Tha only property that Socialists wlah to
transform is the property no longer mado
use of by the individual owners thereof.
Deville. In "Socialism, Revolution, ana inter
nationalism."
Knf.1alfnta hHlpv in nrivate nroDertT. WOSt
we advocate is the collective ownership of
the sreatnr material means of production.
tarl I). Tlioir.pson, in -frincipiea ana rru-
gramme of bociallsm.
Let It be understood once and for all that
Socialists make no demand for collective
ownership of anything except the things by
which the nation obtains Its livelihood.
N. A. Richardson. In "Industrial Problems.
This la the position taken by Russell
and Socialists in general since the time
of Marx. You will find it in the Com
munist Manifesto, the first great dec
laration of the principles of modern So
cialism.
For a brief outline of Socialist prin
clples by an anti-Socialist, Ernest H.
Abbott, see the Outlook of April 1, 1911,
which will be found bound in Outlook,
volume 97, in libraries. A similar out
line by a Socialist, Allan L. Benson, ap
Dears in Pearson's. April, 1912.
For a more complete treatment oi
the subject, yet brief and to the point.
N. A. Richardsons "Industrial i-roo
leras" deserves first mention. The Port
land Library has it.
There are hundreds of books on this
question, both for and against, and we
are soon to be compelled to decide
whether we want it or not. Shall we
remain in Ignorance regarding its
meaning till the last moment?
As I see it. under Socialism, any one
bv industry and thrift may accumulate
as much of the material blessings of
this life as normal men could wish, ana
the man who will not work will lack
them, as be sometimes does now, the
principal difference in respect to the
latter being that after tne cnange every
man will be provided with the opportu
nity to work, and it will be his own
fault If he goes nungry, wnicn is not
always true now.
Above all things, it win enaoie an
who desire a home to have one worthy
of the name, one which may be made
beautiful as the heart may wish. Where
the children may grow up without suf
fering for the want of food, clothing or
shelter; where each will be provided
with the opportunities to develop tne
best that Is in him, such as Mr. W ilson
nrnsMai for his children but wnicn, ac
cording to Mr. Wilson's own aijsuowl-
dirmrnt are denied to many mousanus
of children in this fair land, this beau
tiful land, where Nature is most boun
tiful and where her limitless forces are
placed at the service of man by a mod
ern civilization. a.
Modeaty Wave Hlta Paris.
Paris Correspondence New York Sun.
Paris, which has long boasted of Its
liberality in the matter of art. has been
shocked by M. Leplne. the Prefect of
Police, who, on a preliminary visit to
the annual salon which opens next
week, ordered the removal of three
pieces of sculpture which he Judged to
be detrimental to public morals. The
pieces had been accepted by the judges
and well placed. "Increase and Multi
ply," a group of shadowy figures; "The
Damned" and "Messaline," a nude fig
ure In terra cotta, are the titles of the
barred groups. .
The Grouch's Point of View.
Washington (D. C.) Star.
"A holiday now and then is very de
sirable." said the genial citizen. "It
gives us all a chance to rest."
"I can't see it that way," replied Mr.
Growcher. "It compels me to work that
much harder to provide the clothes de
manded for the special display.r
Half a Century Ago
From The Oregonian of April 22. 1862.
Four companies of the Washington
Territory Regiment, Colone' Stein
berger commanding, which have been
recruited in this city, sail on Monday
next for Kort Vancouver, which is on
the Columbia River. They will be ac
companied by the Colonel and by Ad
jutant William Myles. San Francisco
Call.
General Tllgham, the rebel com
mander at Fort Henry, has been sent
to the Minor's Penitentiary at Alton.
After his capture he made many In
solent demands and became so troublo
some that his confinement became nec
essary. The butter divided among our boy
on the Potomac does not appear to b,
of the best quality and the different
grades are now arranged according to
the following scale: Strong, bad,
rancid, vile, abominable, sutler's.
The released Union prisoners, taken
at Ball's Bluff, say that their captors
taunted them with being sold by Gen
eral Stonej.
Mr. George Walling killed yesterday
a cougar at his farm' in Clackamas
County. The animal came down on the
express and it can be seen at Buchtel
& Cardwell's photograph gallery.
The benefit of Mr. Beatty last night
was a substantial one, the house being
uncomfortably full.
The boat from the Cascades last
night brought down $25,000 In gold
dust.
The name of the steamer Unio has
been very properly changed to Union.
She Is making regular trips to Lafay
ette on Tuesday, Thursday and Satur
day of each week. Captain Miller and
Mr. Apperson. clerk, are by their po
liteness, attention to business and ac
commodating manner rendering the
Union indispensable to the Yamhill
trade. ,
The Clothing Inspection Board al
ready figure up $1,500,000 worth of
clothing on hand which i wholly
worthless. They havu condemned It.
It came principally from Philadelphia.
Colonel Crossman, who made the con
tracts, together with the inspectors,
has been summoned by the Board to
give information that shall lead the
roguish contractors to justice
As "Ed" Howe Sees Life
A day's work has been steadily de
creasing for hundreds of years.
You may think that, in the confu
sion, a bride won't notice it if you
do not send her a present; but she will.
After the average boy learns to read
and write, you might as well take him
out of school: lie never seems to learn
much after that. It is the girls who
are ambitious to teach, and are known
as "good students."
An unfortunate love affair is more
disastrous for a woman than a business
failure Is for a man.
Don't hate people; If you can't love
them, laugh at them. It is a sign of
weakness to hate so viciously that you
are disturbed by It.
A politician in office takes a gentle
manly interest in a campaign: but it
Is the politician who is out. and wants
in, who kicks up the big dust.
After every big business failure. It
develops that some very shaky men
get credit at banks.
When a woman says she is "all in
rags," she means that her aprons are
about worn out, and that she must
make a new supply.
A man I know has told me every
week for 30 years that times are hard,
and business dull. Yet he has made a
fortune.
If a hard working man take a day
off, it takes him at least three days
to get the harness fitted again.
TAX THAT FIXES THE POOR MAX
Writer Illustrates How Fela Plan Will
Work Injustice.
ESTACADA, Or. April 9. (To the
Editor.) In discussion of the single
tax I think some of its dangers have
not been brought out. An instance of
the workings of the single tax may
be had by using two homesteads ad
joining each other, one all improved
and in cultivation, the other without
improvements, as an example. We will
assume that each Is 160 acres and that
the one without improvements is as
sessed at $1000. Then according, to
single tax the improved homestead will
also be assessed at $1000, regard-less of
how much value exists upon It In
houses, machinery and livestock. We
will assume that the owner or the
improved farm has an income of $5000
gross per annum from his land. The
man who owns the unimproved home
stead begins improvements. His tax
under the present system is about one
third of the tax of his neighbor. Single
tax comes in and his tax Is Increased
three-fourths above Its present level,
while his prosperous nelgvbor's is
lowered to the same level as his. He
Is struggling to make a home and
while he is doing it, he must carry the
same amount of the tax burden, with
a very stinted income, as his neighbor
with $5000 per year.
Therefore single tax win increase
the tax burden upon him least able to
pay and decrease it upon him most able
to pay.
We must pay our taxes oui or our an
nual incomes. These are limited ana
Just how It will help anyone to in
crease the inequality of the proportion
ot our annual incomes that must be
taken as taxes is more than I can
see. It seems to me that a tax upon
gross incomes would be the fairest of
taxes, for then each of us would pay
in proportion to his annual income and
ability to pay. I do not believe the
time for this reform is ripe, there be
ing difficulties that are to be removed.
Certainly we do not desire to Increase
the inequalities in our present tax
system by adopting single tax.
The single taxer argues tnat tne
single tax w'll discourage land specu
lation. It will not discourage specula
tion in improved lands. It will en-
ourage that kind of speculation, be
cause taxes will be decreased on im
proved lands. Single tax will dis
courage home-making upon wild land,
because taxes will be correspondingly
higher on wild land than upon im
proved land. It will therefore retard
the development of the state.
We had better adopt tne ew Zea
land plan of handling land speculation.
Appraise the speculative holdings; the
tate buys it at its appraised value and
sells It to actual homebuilders on an
nual installments for a long period of
years at an interest rate of 4 per cent.
This would develop the state.
In mv opinion single tax will do the
very things its friends claim it will
not do. It will detorm instead or re
form the tax eystem.
It is. said that W. S. U'Ren read-
Progress and Poverty" and "saw the
cat." I fear he will see a whole yard
full of Thomas cats if the people adopt
the single tax.
I advise everyone to think about
hree times before they vote for single
tax. In fact, that would be a good
policy to follow In regard to any pro
posed reform. F. M. GILL,
Member Legislative Committee State
Grange.'
A