rOKTLAM'. OREGON. Ka!tn4 at Portiar.il. Oree, PottoPlM rnl-i'iu Matter. .ULitUM Ratea lararubly " Adrane cat MAII wea:r ana enr 1- P.nar. one yr , kuada lad Wnkl), on ier " CBT CARRIER.) I!:r. Sunday Included, om T-ar Ui:r, Suadair lacludej. on month Haw to Itasnll Band poatofnce money 4-r. aspraea oruer ar narnonai checa 00 your local bask. ittamrl. coin ar era ai tne sadar- ria- ile yat"rn-a audrsaa la fu.i. Incudlu caunijr and aiata. raataca Mat 10 to 14 pacra. 1 cat; 1 to paxea 2 rents: ta u paaea. I cents; a.) to 6- paa, caal. I'jii. nja:axe double ra:. fcaatera Buafeaa Offtraa Verr. Conk II n .Near Tora. I'runaalcK building. Cat caaa. ataser bulidia. Karavaaa OfOra .Va Susaat alraat. . If. kaasua. - rOBTla.SU, MO.VD1T. OCTOBxJ . 3tls. rnniot ixDirr TArr. With a pretense of faJrnes which would have bfn more convincing IT tt had been shorter and ls luborcJ. Glfford Plnchot give hi rtajunj In tha Saturday Evening Poet why he think President Ta.fl ihuuM not be re-elected, lie quote In full a letter he wrote to Theodore Roosevelt while (he Utter was In Africa and a few day. before he himself u removed from office. This letter u written on the last day of the year IS03. only r.ln month after Mr. Taft became President. It contain hU Indictment of the President a a friend of the "In terests" and an enemy of conserva tion. The President subsequent ac tion and word, the progressive char acter of which ilr. I'inchot cannot deny, are attributed to "conversion vllhout conviction. and he says that the reactionary newspaper do not waver tn hla (Taft's) upport. He a the Balllnger Incident prove that Mr. Taft did not understand tho purpose of conservation, and galvanise the ghot of the Controller Bay Incident to support the assertion. KaJr plsy requires that. If a man's action ar capable of reasonable ex planation without Impeaching his hon esty of purpose, that explanation shall be accepted. We claim this basis of Judgment for Mr. Taft as we would for any other man. But Mr. Plnchot put an evil construction on .every act of the President, though events have proved It not to be Justified. Take the first and third counts In the Indictment, which are: Ha rarmitted hlms-lf. a soon as ha was I.. led. IO ta airr.'UnJed ! a circle ot trul attireas and omer n art lonarlaa. from ah'ih he baa never hruken aa. H- lurroun.ied hlrr-lf In h Cabinet rr rrjwTatl.a lars a na arr nrarlty tn ti.4iuiD to lha Hxait p:ici.-a. We know to whom he alludes as the Cabinet members, but are left to guess at the trust attorneys and reaction tries. There are: Knox, who has been guilty of ac cepting fees as an attorney for trusts, but who won a gTeat anti-trust suit for the Government by breaking up the Northern Securities merger: MacVeagh. who has mulcted the sugar trust of millions and Instigated the prosecution of some of Its offi cials for customs frauds and has also caused the prosecution of rich smug glers who have hitherto enjoyed Im munity; Wlckersham. who has pleaded guilty to former employment as an attorney for trusts, but has won the Standard Oil and Tobacco Company cases,- has begun more anti-trust suits and prose cutions than any of hla predecessors, perhaps more than all combined, who 3 er. lares his purpose to force every trust to obey the law on pain of prison for Its officers, who Is denounced In most unmeasured term by those same reactionary newspapers which. Mr. Plnchot say, never waver In Mr. Taft's support: Hitchcock, who secured the passage of the postal savings bank bill and has put It In operation In face of opposi tion from the banks, and who now .Ties to push parcels post bill through Congress: Hnlllngrr. who used every legal power he possessed In the Interest of conservation, but refused to exceed It t the dictates of Mr. Plnchot. These were the Cabinet officers whose duties most affected the Inter ests at the time Mr. Plnchot wrote, and for a collection of trust attornes they appear to havs been merclleesly cruel to the trust and careless of the Interests of anybody but the people. Mr. Plnchot tries to stir up lli-feel-Ing on the part of Mr. Roosevelt against his successor by raying that Mr. Taft allowed attacks on Mr. Roose velt In Congress to continue unchecked during the last svsslon of Mr. Roose velt's term, when a word would have ended them. It Is doubtful whether this fling produced the desired effect. Mr. Roosevelt Is a fighter, and a hen he Is able to do his own fighting he does not ask any other man to do It for him. He was In Washington, ns President, able to meet attacks, and he met them. He had Just broucht about Mr. Tsft's election and he aouH hard lv desire to handicap his successor by havlng Mr. Taft take up as an Inheri tance quarrels which would die when Ms term ended. The new President was to begin mlth a clean slate, con tinuing the policies but not the quar rel of his predecessor. Surrender of the Executive's power to appoint advisory rommlwlniw, the National Conservation Commission tn particular. Is cited with the desire to arouse Mr. Roosevelt's antagonism to Ir. Tat by showing the latter's hos tility or Indifference to hi p"t ro'lcy. Mr. Tsft Is also accused of affiliating with the leaders of the opposition to the Roosevelt policies In I'orgress, namely. Cannon. AMrlch. Hale. Taw ney and others: also of not supporting the Insurgents during the tariff debate, of defending the Psyne bill, of Indors ing Aldrlch and Tawney and of trying to read the Insurgent Senators out of the Republican party. Mr. Taft did not affiliate with Can non. Aldrlch and others because they were devoted to the Interests, but be cause he was a Republican President: they were- the Republican leaders In Congress and only through them could the Republican party accomplish any thing In Congress. He did not choose them: had the choice been left to him he would probably have chosen others. They had been chosen by the Republi can majority In Senate and House and he worked with them to carry out party policy. That he was more pro gressive than they is proved by the concessions he extorted from them. He defended them from attack and proved himself a staunch friend but a poor politician; ha denounced those who ri:r. o!a7 !: on rar li t..r. Suds. iBflu'i.J. as mn! J -? J iji'itr included, tnraa monin.. l-m. r. ir.uar included, one mooio.... t-a: j. Witnout SuCflae. o sear ....... I-alj. ,:hout unia. six months La:., aitnout Sun. lay. lnrt nr-n '.ba. . - ' had attacked them, giving added proof of the same facts. He dropped the commission, including Mr. Plnchofi particular pet. as a source of friction with Congress, believing their purpose could be sttalned better without them. It Is nothing to the discredit of the President that he has changed his tac tics in dealing with Congress and has adopted In modified form those of his predecessor driving an Important measure through as he did the reci procity Mil. He believes that all ele ments of the Republican party should be represented In the Cabinet, as In Corgress. and when the Insurgents gained strength In the election of 1J10, he put two of them In the Cabinet. Mr. Taft has always been progress ive, but refused to become an Insur gent and waste his administration in factional wrangles which could have had no result except a hopeless divi sion In his party. Because he refused to lnsurge. Mr. Plnchot and the other Insurgents deny that he Is a progress ive. He has incurred the enmity of the Interests by his Insistence on tariff rlilnn mn.i ributolutlon of the trUStS. The only place where he can find any friends Is among the people, ana no has millions there. PEOIUE Flt.HT TO THEIR OtTREMstORB The Interests In Portugal are fight ing for what they call their own their rlxht to prey on the people. The great body of titled parasite and tax eaters which was driven out with King Manuel Is striving to gain the sup port of the Ignorant and superstitious people of Xortborn Portugal In an at tempt to overthrow tho republic, and may get It. Portugal at the opening of the twentieth century was a smaller edi tion of hat France was towards the end of the eighteenth a nation work ing for a bnre subsistence that a few thousand Idlers might live In luxury and vice. One of the mysteries of human na ture la that people who have been thu enslaved can be Induced to fight for their own re-enslavement. The I'rench peasants did so In La Vendee and fought splendidly. It la likely that the pessants of Northern Portu gal m-y fight with equal gallantry that Manuel may be restored to the throne and dally with his dancing girl. We In America cannot conceive It possible, but such people as the igno rant Portguese peasants love their op pressors . THE OTHER SIDE IX WlCONSrX. The Oregonlan ha received from the editor of a Republican newspaper of Wisconsin a letter on Mr. La Fol lette that It takes the liberty of re printing as the testimony of one who has had opportunity to observe the Wisconsin Senator at close range through many years. He 1 opposed to Mr. La Kollette and La Follettelsm, and always has been; yet the letter Is valuable as showing that there Is vig orous protest against La Follette In his own state and In his own party. The Oregonlan Is besides struck by the warm note of complaint against uninformed and prejudiced comment on Wisconsin political affairs by per sons who have never been In Wiscon sin. Oregon has suffered much In the same way. The Immediate occasion of sending this letter to The Oregonlan ta the widespread publication of a statement by Senator Bourne that he will sup port Senator La Follette for Presi dent. "I urge." says the Oregon Sen ator, "the big business Interests of the country to study the laws of Wiscon sin enacted since he was first Gover nor of that state. . . . Though rad ical In manner he is extremely con servative In' thought and action." etc., etc. Thus Mr. Bourne appeals to Big Business for his friend La Follette. on the ground that he does not mean whnt he says: The letter from tho Wisconsin edi tor is: If Senator Bourn really mad theae tatemrnta. I a-itulil Busiest that he eoma ti l"ona!n and larn something about Wisconsin polltu-a Like tha Hastero naa- inea. h la apparently as Ignorant of af filrs political In Vlf.'oniin and tha result of ten years of La Foliettelsra aa a bftba unbvrn. When the history of Wisconsin is written In the yar to come, tha I -a Kollette period will ba shown In Its true llcht Tha business Interests of tha srata land that doean't mean "hi business." but buslnesa irenerally ). Is na- and alwars haa been opposed to La Follette. There never waa a particle of real Injected lnl. La Ko'l. tte's admin istrations as Oovernor. tverythlnir was car ried on without a rtaard for bus;naa prtncl pv. It Is trua th.tt taxes of the corporations wera increased. It la euuallr trua that the farmer, tha merchant and evary other tox p.oer has been forced to keep up with tha pace Oct for tha corporatlona Tha Increased corporation tax would hav been sufficient to ocfrav tho expenses of ibe stale, but It wotil.t not corer tha salaries of hundre.18 of a Mitlotisl men plsced on tha payrolls for pints on an endless number of boards, c- inrultteea eommlMions. etc.. tha Sne pur po.e of which is to play In the political m. Wtaoopaln today Is tha worst tax rnl state In tha L'nlon: Its legislative aevslona are Jokes. 1.0 Kolletta is a politician, and a mtrbty shrewd one. lla neer made a political nu-v In his lira before calculating bow mu.-h tt would atlvanca his position. Hs Is f r l.a Folleita rlrst. last and all tha tlma. He was never elected to in of flea In Wis consin, asioa from his campaign for Con irr. bv a mn.'or'ty of itepuhlican volea. tie sot to be oemor by a"pcaline to tha m'v It; Hers of tha people. In nearly every hi an. mora otes were cat aa-atnst htm fan for hlro, ha ba.n elected by a rlur- te la a brilliant man. but ther Is not an ir'tustry tn Wisconsin not a buslnesa concern that woultl place him at lis heid. A o lawver he waa barely heard af out a -ie of tiie lower courts. lie has navsr shown fte lost ability In any Una of bui i.w His stock la trade has bn. an elo quent toire and a pompatlour that ha a takes wittily. He la one of tha best Sc tora in tha world today Ifow la it poaalbla for any man with tha Interests of hta country at heart to m. g-,t placing at the head ef this rreat Oov-e-nmerl a man w hoaa only ability so fr ha been to ajTltate. to theoriia and not l.-at. to caricature tn hla own masaatna f e PrcsVmt of tha Vniled States? 1 a'ocere'v wlh that tlia etiitor of ayery len.llr. publication would. If he la Inter elt. inv.-T!.le the aituatlon In Wlaooo s'n. pera.-naov. I have not word aaalnat la Folbtte. bit politically. I am aincara In tha belief that men of his stripe are a rnenace to the country, and nearly one-half of the Republicans of tha state ar of tin oin-.e cpmlon. Here is the other side of the Wis consin shield. We know that the paid writer and expert muckrakcrs have written about Oregon from the pro fessional point of view apltation. In novation, publicity, reform, down-wlih-the-oM-up-wlih-the-nea-, what-ever-l-ls-wrong. Doubtless Wiscon sin has had similar experience. The affairs of Wisconsin, as of Oregon, ouRht to be investigated from the standpoint of fact and not of mere magazine sensation. The time Is ripe for fhe re-allotment of the IJ9.000.000 reclamation fund so that the West Cmatllla proj ect may be taken up. tt the bureau is not ready to begin work In some of the other projects for which large sums were allotted, the Army Board might allow it to use some of the fund on this project, which It strongly ap proved. Some of the projects which received allotments are In states which contributed nothing to the rec lamation fund and others cover no Government land. The West Uma TIIE MORNING OREGOXIAX, MONDAY. OCTOHEIt 9. 1911. tilla project Is In the state which con tributed more than almost any other to the fund and has a fax larger pro portion of public land than several which received large allotments. THE OLTMPIC PEXIXSIXA. The trade of the Olympic Peninsula should flow to Gras Harbor as natur ally as that of tha Columbia Basin flows to Portland, and it Is not likely to be diverted to an unnatural chan nel by any efforts of the Puget Sound cities. The Olympic Peninsula is shut tn on the north and east by the main range of the Olympic Mountains, from which short stream flow east and north Into Hood Canal and the Straits of Fuca. The trad of the narrow strips of country fronting on tho water will naturally flow to Puget Sound, but the great body of the peninsula is shut off from Seattle and Tacoma by a wall of mountains. The streams on tho south and west sides of those mountains flow south and west to wards the ocean and Grays Harbor and the llnea of development of that country will follow their valleys. The section of country accessible from tha ocean has had - a limited trade by schooner with Seattle, but tha shorter distance to Grays Harbor should give the trade to that port. From the South the Olympic Penin sula can be easily and economically developed by means of wagon roads up the valleys, to bo followed, when con ditions Justify, by railroads and ves sels up tho coast. The Sound ports cannot get within reach of anything beyond the walls of the mountain without miles of tunnel. The trade Is waiting for Grays Harbor to take It and develop It. ROCKS AHEAD FOR AisQCITU. The great railroad strike In Eng land, though settled, may yet prove the undoing of the Asqulth govern ment. The Laborttes cannot forgive Winston Churchill for using the troops to suppress rioting and preserve tha peace, and are taking revenge by run ning candidates for Parliament In op position, to Liberals. .The result may be a break-up of the coalition, espe cially If Lloyd-George's workmen's in surance bill la forced through Parlia ment without tho amendments desired by the Laborltes. The watchful Tories are likely to seize the opportunity to score on their opponents by Inserting these amend ments in the House of Lords. This would tend to draw the labor men to wards them and widen the breach be tween Labor and Liberal members. Should the Laborltes turn against the Liberals, the latter would be depend ent for the existence of their Cab inet on the Irish Nationalists. This would be Just what the Tories want, for It would give them an excuse to raise the 'cry that disunion was the price the Liberals pay to retain of fice. Tho combined Liberal and Irish majority would also be so small that the government might be defeated by a snap vote at any time. All these facts, possibilities and probabilities go to show tho unstable tenure of oflce held by a government which depends on a three-sided alli ance and how the beaten, divided and discredited party of today may become the victorious, united and powerful party of tomorrow. The only thing certain about politics In the old as In the new world Is the uncertainty of It. FICTION AND TRCTH. In one of the late magazines there la presented the autobiography of a fictitious country boy whose wonder ful aptitude for any kind of business or occupation in which he saw an opening and whose success in Im mediately filling each opening offer the chief charm of the story. It Is not the purpose here to tell very much about this youth. Ha Inherited an eighty-acre run-down farm, a small general store filled with ancient and musty goods and $4000 in debts. He gave his best efforts to the farm, his undivided attention to tho store, find ing time when not otherwise busy to take a course in an agricultural col lege, establish a bank, build a saw mill, harness water power and do oth er wonderful and practicable things that any sound, sensible, energetic magazine youth might do. We would have admired this fan cied young man more had he stuck to one or two things and made of each an unqualified success. His having had a finger In every pie In town sa vored too much of village guggenhelm Ing, and everybody knows that gug genhelmlng in village or city Is now a crime against tho moral uplift. So for a real model In personal prow ess, commend us rather to the deeds of Mr. E. L. Brewer, a real and honest school teacher, until he became a real and honest farmer In Chehalls County, Washington. Mr. Brewer Is far In the lead of Jhe fictitious youth of magazine fame. He didn't even have a farm left him, and the debts he possessed were all his own. Tet in three years' time, we are told by the Chehalls Nugget, Mr. BreweA converted a $60 indebtedness and a gdod personal credit Into $50,000 worth of property. It was done in this way according to Mr. Brewer's statement, published In the Nugget: "Without kltlna- fliecks. but with oradlt that waa good." said !r. Brewer. "I bought lij acres upon the Installment plan, al ihoush I had 0 less than nothing, which la tha amount a scnool teacher ouxbt to have, Jersey cattle wcr my hobby, and upon scientific basis I have manas-ed to bred a bard of Jersays with -character.' Thera Is ona tbrea-year-old In tha axhlMt herd here that brings ma aa hlxh aa 140 a month In pure cream alona. She aver srea "0 a year In rroflts, and I can feed tn herd at a coat of $37 a year averaxa. I'm now milking 30 head of thesa threa-year-olds. I hava about 60 bead, all told. beld 100 bogs and s doxen or mora """"Vban I tarted In. I realised that It re quired xharactef la stock to maka It r-cord-breaking, so I began by developing the Indlxidual character of tha eowa 1 aiart by trying to hava calves as well born a It Is p-iaaible to hava them, by atudylng tha naads of the Individual ow. Ona featura la In tha fact that I keep clnaa tan on tha foed. weighing tha cows fre quently, and keeping them ao that tha food . -mente do not feed ort tha bodily weight of tba aalmxL" It Is stated also that the produce sold from' 100 acres under cultivation last year yielded $10,000 and that Mr. Brewer had declined an offer of $45, 000 for what he had left. The most Important point In this narrative Is not the demonstration that truth Is more marvelous than fiction. There are other things that strike the mind with force. They are the knowledge given of the great po tential wealth of farm lands in tho Northwest, of the never-fulfilled de mand for blooded livestock, of the splendid market for dairy' products, of the value of scientific knowledge In agricultural pursuits and of the openings still presented for men who have the land fever, but no land. We would not encourage every man who would leave the office, the school room, the factory, or the store for the .... . .. e VI r farm mat tne iun mouun Brewer'a success will likely be his. Not everybody la blessed with sufficient credit to buy a farm, on the install ment plan and stock It. Not every body who thinks he Is called to the land has a real aptitude for farming. Perseverance and a few other quali ties count. But who "with $S0 less than nothing" would not be satisfied with one-half, one-third or even one tenth the measure of success that is attributed to this Washington farmer? Back to the lanU stories of the Pacific Northwest need not tell of banks, stores and sawmills. What more does a man want than the land and the knowledge how to use it? There are men who in official ca pacity 'ride a worthy publlo utility or institution with whip and spur until it outgrows all bounds of the taxpay ers' Intent. Witness the speed with ...uiv. roihllo nlnvcrnund Utility o 1 1 l. 11 vntj t " . . - g, , r, - is being ridden or driven by men who , have made It a rad. a oemana oi over $53,000 In eicess of the appro priation .for park and public play ground purposes haa been made upon municipal taxpayer. Liberal esti mates for salaries all along the line, in excess of amounts paid for similar services in the City Engineer's de partment, helped to swell this In crease. The park board has made vigorous use of the official pruning hook in passing; up these aalarles. Un aesthetlc, unsentimental men, they evi dently believe that a man who drags a chain or runs a transit In the inter est of the "city beautiful" la not en titled to a higher salary than the com monplace chalnman and transltman who surveys city lota or establishes ordinary grade levela. The gentle hand of Death yesterday fell upon a kindly, genial citizen of Portland and removed Samuel Bullock from his sphere of earthly Influence. For a third of a century Judge Bul lock had been prominent In civic, fra ternal and social circles. Before con solidation he held the office of Justice of the Peace of East Portland and since had been connected with circuit and county courts In an official ca pacity, his cheerful philosophy and gentle manner endearing him with all he met He was a deep student of Masonry' and became one of tho most Illustrious members of the fraternity. Though well advanced In years, he might have lived many more, but the death of his wife a few years ago led him to anticipate the reunion, and when the summons came he was ready. Portland has lost a good citi zen, a gentleman of the old school, whom every man waa glad to call his friend. If the city Is going to continue to run a menagerie It should, for human it v-a anitA nrovlda the caged and cor ralled wild animals that It owns with sufficient space In' which to live and move about in comfort. Dr. Harry Lane, when Mayor of tho city, was a crank about some things, but not when he protested against the policy that kept a hyena in a cage scarcely three times the creature's length, the polar bear In narrow quarters, practically without shade, and the elks In a dreary enclosure devoid of verdure or possi bility of seclusion, for tho alleged en joyment" of park visitors. It Is man ifest to all humane observers of these and other creature.8 imprisoned at tha City Park that before a city goes into tho zoo business it should provide suit able quarters for the captives of the wilds. The American people built the Pan ama Canal primarily to facilitate- com munication between tho Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, and it would he direct ly In line with that policy to allow vessels going from coast to coast to pass through tho canal without toll. It has been held that this would be In conformity with the treaty with Great Britain. Under that treaty American vessels going to foreign ports will have to pay the same toll as vessels of other nations. If the revenue derived from tolls is not suffi cient to pay Interest on the cost of the canal, the direct advantage gained by uniting the two coasts "will amply com pensate for that Iobs. The discovery that soil Infertility is caused by dlhydroxystearlo acid will no doubt mark an epoch in agricul ture, or It would If It were new. As a matter of fact, this Is one of the acid products of decaying vegetation. It makes the soil sour and is best neutralized by lime. The Agricultural Department gives an elaborate for mula to detect the acid, but a strip of litmus paper will do as well. It is an old foe with a gigantic new name: that is all. Nobody need be frightened - When a girl, on discovering fire in a building, calmly awakens the teach ers, and all the 250 Inmates are marched out In safety, as at the Cath olic school near Wheeling, the value of cool heads and careful training Is exemplified in contrast with the folly of fear' as displayed In a panic Far more lives are lost through fear of fire than through fire Itself. As a pre ventive of fear, every person who en ters a large building should know the quickest way out. , Bullets In a strike do not even con vince the man whom they hit of the righteousness of the cause of the man who fires them and they alienate the sympathy of thousands who believe in peaceful settlement of labor dis putes. Both parties to the railroad shopmen's strike would do well to bear this In mind. Champ Clark, the man who did most to defeat reciprocity in Canada by his spread-eagle Pole-to-Panama speech, is 111 qualified to criticise President Taft's speeches. If Clark continues to let his tongue wag without control by his brain, he will kill himself as ef fectively aa he killed reciprocity. After all, the final test of the mer its of a mine 1 the clean-up. Now that two of the principal mines In the Bo hemia district are milling ore and one of them Is producing $1000 a day, the distrlct'ls a proved success and a per manent addition to the state's wealth producers. These golden October days are the best time of the year. All nature calls to the city man and woman to go far afield and realize that It is great to be on earth. If the witnesses heard so far in the Stephenson inquiry are to be regarded a for the defense, what may be ex pected when his accusers testify? Gleanings of the Day Among the measures for the con servation of National resources which were discussed at the National Con servation Congress, at Kansas City, was one for the prevention of the enor mous fire waste, which is ten times as great per capita In the United States as In Germany, France, England and other countries. Including excess cost of fire protection, due to bad construc tion and excess premiums over insur ance paid, this loss amounted in 1907 to over $466,485,000. The cost of build ings erected In that year is estimated at $1,000,000,000, so that we burned nearly half as much as we built. The causes of this difference between the United States and Europe are given in a report of the National board of fire underwriters to the Conservation Con gress as: The difference in point of view and responsibility of the people; difference In construction; difference in building regulations and in their en forcement. The remedies suggested are: To convinoe tha publlo that prop erty destroyed by fire is gone forever and is not replaced by Insurance pay ments, which are simply a tax; that municipalities regulate the keeping of explosives. Inflammable commodities, electrlo wiring, and enforce these regu lations; that states appoint fire marshals with authority to investigate fires, make- arrests and procure Indict ments; that all cities have a paid, non political fire department; that the larger cltie have a separate high pres sure water system for fir extinguish ment. The National Fir Protection Association has also proposed remedies. Including most of the above, but in addlUon. fire reslsUng construction in congested districts, safe-guarding of life in large buildings, automatic fire extinguishing apparatus in commer cial establishments and city blocks, prohibition of the snap match and adoption of the safety match, safe and sane Fourth of July, education on dangers of fire. Five states are in structing school children on this sub ject and the Governors of several states have named a fir prevention day. Dubuque la.. sayT a public market place is the solution of the question of reducing the cost of living. The French Md German founder, of the town established it 75 years ago and 16 blocks of downtown streets are set apart for the purpose every Saturday. The citizen, buy farm produce 60 to 75 per cent cheaper than at the grocer es. paying $0 cent, a bushel for apples. 60 cents for potatoes. 26 cent, tor to matoea. As many a. 300 team, go to market on Saturday. The first year oTTh. Illinois Central Railroad under the presidency of Charles H. "arkham ha. been one o the most prosperou. In Its UiW the year ending June 80, 1911, the gross earning, were $60,977,031. an ln crease ot $3,092,310 over the Previous year. It increased operating expenses 15S5 497 to $43,856,228 and Increased net revenue from $14,629,672 to $17,064 -Mt. the increase being $2,634,766. Its Income from other sources increased rom $5,284,608 to $6,742,438. " earned 10 20 per cent on its capital stock against 7.16 per cent last year and paid a 7 per cent dividend. Even the Peerless One. the Com moner, the Democrat without fear and without reproach. Is accused of waver ing tn his allegiance to the sacred doctrine of tariff for revenue only. Mr. Bryan, in the course of one of his tripe to Texas to make things inter esting for Senator Bailey, became enamored of the Texas onion, and bought an onion farm. Bounteous rains following a long drought, gave him a great crop, and out of the pro ceeds he Is building a farm residence at a cost of $25,000. It Is hinted that be has become impressed with the necessity of protecting the tender Texas onion against the Bermuda product and Is more than ever con vinced of the truth of Hancock', say ing that the tariff ie a local Issue. Tariff for revenue only may be all right for Nebraska, but the onion dis trict of Texas needs protection. Approving of President Taft's remark that It would be better to have twice as many farms and twice as many farmers, even If no more land be brought under cultivation, the Boston Transcript tells of a man In Massachu setts who had lived until the age of 60 on the paternal farm, which was of considerable size. Receipts and ex penditures failed to connect and a mort gage was placed upon It, which added to his burdens. Finally, to save a part he sold a large section of his farm, paid the mortgage and set at work to see what could be done with the re mainder. By Intensive farming and a study of the market he has secured a much larger revenue at less expense with what is left than he formerly did with the whole. That was the right kind of land for Intensive farming, and it had the right kind of man to farm 1 but many small farms would yield better If they were consolidated and de voted to stock raising. Many large farms are better adapted for small, in tensive farms and should be divided. Each case requires different treatment. The enormous destruction of prop erty by fire in the United States as compared with Europe has caused the Governor of Indiana to propose that a day early In October be set apart by the citizens for action to prevent fire waste, and Chicago Is working in the same direction. The loss of property by fire in the United States Is $2.51 per capita annually, but in Europe It is only 82 cents. The difference Is a di rect tax on the people, paid either on loss by fire or in insurance premiums. It can be greatly reduced by the Inves tigation and repair of houses, destruc tion of useless and Inflammable prop erty, such as old frame shacks adjoin ing modern buildings and provision for fire protection, whereby flames can be extinguished at the outset. Flaw la the Pletaure. PORTLAND. Oct. T. (To the Editor.) I fully agree with The Oregonlan' statement today to the effect that the marvels - of the mov ing picture know no limit. In the Crusaders, Raynold breaks the spell which the evil one had placed upon the forest, thereby enabling the Cru saders besieging Jerusalem to obtain more trees with which to rebuild their battering rams, that had been de stroyed by the Turks. This is supposed to have taken place In the 12th century and the fallers and buckers are pro vided with modern shaped axes and cross-cut saws, which 1 considerable at a marvel to a. ox a m HARDWARE MAN. t WHERE THE FrXDS COME FROM Allea H. Eatoa Telia of Efforts of Val vexslty Friend to Detect Fraud. PORTLAND, Oct, 8. (To the Editor.) Today The Oregonlan refer to the question asked by enemies of the University of Oregon as to who puts up the money to pay the expenses of Investigating the fraud in the referendum petitions. I am pleased to assure you that your own surmise as to the source of this fund Is correct. A hundred others could tell as well as I that this money Is contributed by friends of the uni versity in Eugene. Portland and other parts of the Northwest. At Eugene, aside from the contributions of citizens and members of the alumni, members of the faculty and studeuts have con tributed of their time and means. Here in Portland .the university has many friends but the principal contributors have been members of the Oregon alumni. The amounts given have been gen erally small but in the aggregate have been enough to make it possible to develop the cases to a point where all who have Informed themselves admit wholesale fraud and misrepresentation. And yet on account of the great ex pense of investigating eaoh separate name, the friends of the university cannot touch hundreds and hundreds of names that appear to be. forged or otherwise fraudulent Of some 13,715 names It is very doubtful if 4000 would stand the light of investigation. It should be a matter of public regret that the funds are lacking to show the magnitude of the fraud which Is being defended by the state. It may Interest Oregonlan readers to know that of nearly 14,000 names on the university petitions all but about 2000 were secured by Portland circu lators. Of these about 6000 were se cured by six men who have suddenly left the state, two who' cannot be located, one who admitted that he made his affidavit under an assumed name, and another whose testimony Is of It self sufficient to send him to the peni tentiary. These men have testified that they have written hundreds or names in the petitions, .cores of repu table citizens have sworn that their signatures have been forged, proof has been made of the writing in the names of citizens who have been dead for years, women have testified that thj circulators wrote In the names of the husbands, brothers and sons-ln-lavv, and yet there are still remaining Sundreds of case, equally usPiclous that cannot be Investigated with the limited funds at hand. The Oregonlan will be Justified In continuing Its opinion that the friends of the university and the Ore go n alumni will remain loyal to the Institu tion, and these numbers will be sup plemented by thousands of other Ore gonians who are now makliis op the -lr minds that the educational and i poll cal institutions of our state are hardly to be entrusted to men whose interests in referendum petitions are measured by 6 -dcens Pe-- GROWERS' FRUIT THAT BURNED. Charge Made That Dealer Destroy Ton to Keep Up Price. PORTLAND. Oct 7. (To the Editor.) -If Front-street dealers were com pelled to send many tons of fruit and vegetables to 'the crematory. It is a safe guess the stuff was not fit for food. Nobody has ever suspected the men on the street of burning money. Perhaps It didn't occur to the writer of the above clipping, which The Ore gonlan printed a few days ago, that It was not the commission men's fruit that was burned at the crematory and which the crematory men say amounts to 25 per cent sound fruit. It belonged to the growers. Just how the growers are treated -by the commission men Is illustrated in a story told me yes terday by a farmer. He said that a neighbor of his sent Ti boxes of fine pears to a commission house in Portland and received a state ment to the effect that his pears ar rived when they were a drug on the market that the house was unable to sell them and that he was debtor to the house In the sum of 30 cents. Putting some of the same pears in his pocket he came to the commission dealers and asked what they would pay for such pears. He was told they were worth, say, $1.50 a box. He then asked If the price the week before (when his consignment was made) was the same and he was told that they were then paying a quarter of a dollar more than the present price. He produced the statement he had. received and wanted to know how It was that he got nothing for his shipment. Of course it was explained that a mistake had been made by a clerk, and he was given a check for the proper amount. Last week prune, were selling at re tail at 6 cents a pound. I know of a shipment of the same quality of prunes to a Front-street house for which only a cent a pound was paid. The fact Is the public of this city is being roDbed by the dealers in fruit and vegetables and the destroying of tons of it weekly rather than sell it at a decent price. S. R. ROBINSON. Qaeatlona on Slnsle Tax. PORTLAND, Oct. 7. (Special.) (To the Editor.) Will The Oregonlan please answer the following questions to settle differences of. opinion among some of its readers? First Under single tax would there be any tax on incomes from the Rocke feller and Carnegie millions down to salaries of $1000 a year? Second Under single tax would the department stores, factories, breweries, banks, hotels, etc., pay any tax? Third Under single tax would the saloons, liquor stores, breweries, etc pay licenses? Fourth Under single tax In what way would land used for oil refining, slaughter-houses, soap manufacturing, etc., be assessed? . Fifth What tax would Joseph Fels pay under single tax and what does he pay now, and what country Is he a citizen of? GEORGE MARSH. Single tax as defined by Henry George, Sr., is "the raising of all publlo revenues for National, state, county and municipal purposes by a single tar on land values. Irrespective of Improvements, and all the obliga tions of all forms of direct and Indirect taxation." This definition should be sufficient answer to all but the fifth question. Incomes, department stores, factories, breweries, banks. . hotels, oil re fineries, slaughter - houses, saloons and liquor stores and breweries, not being land, would not be taxed under pure single tax. Saloon licenses could be Imposed only In an amount that did not exceed the actual cost of Issuing the license and collecting the fee. This does not mean, however, that Oregon could adopt a single tax that would do away with Federal taxation. Real single tax Is Impossible In Oregon, as pointed out by Henry E. Reed In his page article published October 1, in The Oregonlan. The Oregonlan has no Information as to Joseph Fels- citizenship or taxes. Klamath Fall Enterprise. KELSO, Wash.. Oct. 5. (To the Ed itor.) Kindly rublish the name of the big lumber company which has recently established business at or near Klam ath Falls, Or. A. SUBSCRIBER. The Pelican Lumber Company, Klam ath Falla L,IMITS OF DIRTEfT -tEGlSI.ATIOJf. It I a Help to Better Thing, but Xot Cure-All, Sy Writer. PORTLAND, Oct 7. (To the Editor.) The article "Words and More Words" in The Oregonlan Friday appeals to me. From the inception of the "Oregon sys tem" It has always seemed to me that a world of "logic was being wasted; also that a world of false, .vain prop hecy was being made in that system's name. I have no objection to the ref erendum, recall and initiative; in fact I rather favor them in an unimpas sloned way. But I favor them because I consider them educational and not because I fancy' they will materially change the material . "ready-made world" Into which they are coming. Certainly I for one do not fancy, with Bourne, "that under the Initiative the people not only will not but cannot enact legislation against general wel fare." After a very varied course In tha University of Hard-Knocks and a first hand study of men in the home and In the street, on the farm and In the town, ,on the earth's surface and on the sea, underground and above, and in our country and In others, Tve concluded that mostly our wrongs and fancied wrongs are all self Induced. To me, our crooked business Is but representative and so Is crooked politics. In the last analysis 61 per cent of our voting publlo is not unselfish and we all know It. If then, without a constant appeal to the best within us, (or worse with a sudden appeal to the worst within us) we initiate a law, what is the per centage in favor of unselfish law? These tools of direct government can (and I hope only that of them) help a little toward teaching us where the trouble actually lies. So also am I In favor of woman suffrage not In deed for any fancied sudden political good but because of Its educational value. By all means let's have these things as fast as a good sharp interest may demand them, but let us not get silly and fancy them more than step ping stones. Intellectual culture as well as mean, of communication and means of collec tion and dissemination of news have In our country today reached such a state of advancement that the old Republican Idea is out of date: It Is a rational and logical thing that we should be turning to newer more democrats tools. Let's have them. But lets not fancy that human nature and human average are suddenly to be altered by man-made law. Until we alter the ratio between love and hate and that between individual selfishness and in dividual unselfishness the world-old struggle must continue to ero to tne strong. Meanwhils the campaign and the campaign, of education. G. S. u. PI.VCIIOT-S LETTpH. VERT SLTTSTTT. Dlsaruated Reader Wlsfte Some On Had Rocked the Boat In Alaska. PORTLAND, Oct 7. (To the Editor.) In the last Saturday Evening Post appears an article by the late Glfford Plnchot which It would Interest many to have The Oregon notice editorially. Doesn't It seem a pity that when Glf ford was floating about Controller Bay some one failed to rock the boat? In his story, he outdoes himself in vain repetitions regarding "conserva tion," "special interests," the "square deal," the "Roosevelt policies" and the like. Has this man ever meant any specific thing, beyond personal vanity and petty spite? His article reads like some of the more pernicious patent medicine advertisements. It would seem to a disinterested speotator that tho United States had been held out of the demnitlon bow wows by this Glfford Peif Wllliam H. Taft is damaged by crltlslsm like this, which is less defi nite than the movements of a potato bug, I miss my guess regarding the sense and fairness of the American people. Who wanted this Glfford, any way? He ends his article with a most sickly letter written to Roosevelt In Africa, commencing "Dear Theodore, Glfford hopes Kermlt "of whom we are all proud," Is O-K and wishes his love presented. He thinks sadly of the way things are going for the "Roosevelt policies" and weeps slushlly through several pages of writing. It Is hard for Glfford to know he 1. fired and that citizen generally are glad of It. To repeat It seems a pity some one j i tha hnat. E. S. Conntry Town Sayings by Ed How Nearly all wives contradict their hus bands. When a man tells a good story, his wife says: "No, dear. It wa.nt that way." etc., and spoils the effeot "I am afraid," a mother said to her talkative boy, whose tongue had been cut when he was a baby, "that I had your tongue out too muoh." The unhappy women are not all mar ried to mean men; many of them are not married at alL When a human hog meets with a loss, how people rejoicel The only gambling tip which amounts to anything, la a tip to keep, out of the game. A boy's hands are usually dirtier than a girl's, but It is because he has to grease the buggy and carry In the coal Among women, a poor cook should be ranked with a man who has worked at a trade all his life and knows al most nothing about it. A man may love his wife dearly, but when he explains his views to her fully as they sit around the evening lamp, her yawning greatly annoys him. As soon as people begin to think, they are important, they begin to talk louder. ' It is very easy to drift Into the habit of "roasting" people. If you will eul tlvate the habit of letting people alone you will find It a good deal more sat isfactory. I don't believe In meaning less praise, but I earnestly advocate lettlne people alone. Half a Century Ago as -.rrtnI.Tl Oct 0. 1861a r ruin a no " , . It Is said that the Legislature of Washington Territory at its next ses sion will make provision for the ap pointment of suitable persons to act as pilots in the Straits of Fuca. It Is said the pony express will stop as soon as the telegraph line through to the states .is completed. Quite a number of teams were in our city yesterday loaded with apples. Deal ers are paying from 60 to 60 cents per bushel. Queen Victoria at the last dates was visiting her Irish subjects and met a very enthusiastic reception at Dublin. The Willamette No. 1 engine-bouse Is nearly finished. In a few days It will be ready for the reception of - their engines. The house will be an orna ment to the city when completed. . I should dislike to be an old maid at any time, but particularly . .during leap year. The marrying Jokes' during leap year must be terribly annoying to an old maid. Mr. Jackson, an old soldier of the war of 1812, now 73 years old, manu factured of Oregon maple a magnifi cent rocking chair, which was pur chased by James Guthrie, Jr., and D. Logan, for the purpose of being for warded to "Old Abe-"