Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937, September 18, 1911, Image 6

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Morning Oregonian., September 18, 1911, Page 6, Image 6

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Newspaper Page TextI Z)t (Diyownu rOBTULD. oooi. tiiml at pr-r:4. Ora. Peaioatie a o n d : sm Katlr. . rf kuicristioa Raia Invariably A"- (BT HAH-) Il. TH!ar raci-4- roar- J Iu: ucjr tac:udd. ' mooiti. .. -- ; Ir'-T. Suaoar lel-dd. tlirao saoniae. .. !... jDHr laciud.4. on moain.... - Ia... vitaoui luiilir, on yr - - tai.r. ithnt eur-day. ! moEih...- Ia.:. Without inr mntna... La. jr vltnouc Sunday, one monl...- Wm!t. on yl-.. JO Funar. a Tr ........ - iuiUl sad tl'Mklr. T (BT CARRIER-) !!:. iaaay tsla44. on er...... I: y. luadar Influ'l'd. on month How to WmiJ r-nd po.omeo """rl ra.r, xsr ordr or prooal eh- Jar local sank Stamp, coil or " Z n at th Ma4r- rlaa. OIo " '.c a4ra u full, laeladux count aad ata.o. rootaaro Kaloa 10 to 14 paa. 1 CI t M . a coat: o to o r- to o pas, a aoata, romsa poatas Eartor lauw OtTtca Vrro II .N.w Turk. Bruaawlck bulldlas, -"'" o. Str bolldla. lansau OfOre . ( atroot, B. W L&Joa roaiTLJorD, jioxdit. sept, if. mi. tatt inoM the enate. In offering to submit to th Senate for confirmation appointment of high loramlsJUoners under tho new arbltrm llon treat!. President Taft cut the prop from under the feet of the Pen ate opponent of the treetleav. Thalr objection tru that the treaties placed !t In the power of six men to compel the Culled State to submit to arbltrft Jon ft question which we m!fht not -iMlre to arbitrate. The reply to thla ybJecUoa wa that the treaty Itswlf tlpulated that all Justiciable questions. uch a could be settled on principles of law or equity, should be arbitra ted and that the function of the Joint -Mmmlssion was only to decide whether a given question came within this definition a mere point In Inter national law. The objecting Senators then expres alarm lest the President should ap point as the three American commis sioners men who would be so fale to their duty a to declare Justiciable a dispute which was not so and on which this Nation had a fixed policy which It was prepared to maintain regard less ef arbitration, by war if neces sary. Before this consummation could be reached. It would be necessary that the President should appoint three men. all of whom would be thus blind to th National Interest and to th prorlslons of the treaty, and that at least two of them should be obdurate after hearing all the arguments which would be adranced by th lawyer for this Government. Any two of the six commissioners can reto a reference of a dispute to arbitration, for such refer ence cannot be made with the assent of less than five of th six vote. In order to dispose of- this shadowy ghost of a danger that two out of any three commissioner some President might appoint would prov to be tn competent or traitors, the President offers to submit such appointment to the Senate for confirmation. The hid den peril conjured up by the cham pions of those loTed prerogatives are thus to be removed. The Senate show lack of confidence In the Judgment and Integrity of the President, who Is elected by the whole Nation, but th President I ready to show confidence In the' Senat. composed of man who are only the elect of the elect of Indi vidual state. But In hi earnest deslr to promote arbitration, the President Is ready to to even farther and wipe out the Joint high commission entirely, leaving th board of arbitration to decide whether It has Jurisdiction under the treaty. This appears to be the speedier and more, direct mean of bringing about arbitration and 1 in line with court procedure, for a court 1 often called open to rule whether It has Jurisdic tion over a dispute. The Joint high :omml salon was seemingly devised to meet In advance the objection of Jioae Senator who feared that w might be driven to arbitrate question of fundamental policy, but with their habit of seeing bogles they have con lured this very measure of precaution .nte a danger. With th Joint high commissioner eliminated and the decision on ques tion of Jurisdiction entrusted to the board of arbitration which 1 Itself to arbitrate th dispute, the Senate would have all the prerogative It :!aim. The term of referenc to arbi tration under the treaties and th constitution of th court are to be ar ranged by special argeement, which must be confirmed by the Senate. If .hat body decide that a dispute should aot be arbitrated, even though It be Justiciable and therefore one which we have agreed under the treaties to ..-nitrate, the Senate may block pro ceedings by refusing to ratify the igTeement. Herein lies a possible danger. The '.! which It 1 now desired to make Tn the direction Of International peace is the adoption of the principle that, when two nations fail to settle a dis pute by arbitration. It shall go to arbi tration as a matter of course In the orderly progress of International rela tions. This Implies Judicial aa dis tinguished from legislative or execu tive action. But no man can Imagine anything Judicial in the proceedings of an executive session of th Senat to decide whether It wl'.l ratify an arbi tration agreement. Every Senator is a seasoned politician. If some Influ ential constituent objected to th arbl. traUon of a dispute, a Senator would vote against ratification, whether be considered the subject Justiciable or not. The Senate Is the great stumbling block In the way of arbitration. It leaiousy for Its prerogatives. Its con juring up of Imaginary dangers. It Ttuept'.blllty to political and business Influences Impel It to demand a right t veto at every stsge of procedure eadltg up to an arbitration decree. The purpose of arbitration Is to get around Just such obstacle, but how are we to get around them If the road a blocked T THI firiMnT-EZKCB'S LAMENT. The New Tork Commercial lament the poor showing made by American hips In the table of ship of various nations passing throurh the Sues Tana In 1$0 and 110. and makes a gloomy prediction that we shall nrove to have built the Panama Canal .'or other natione unless w srrant ahip lubsldle. Franc stand fourth on :h list of nation sending ship through the Sues Canal and she has a :otal of less than one-tenth as many b;p ss Oreat Britain. Japan sent .ess than one-thlrty-elghth as many ihlp. These are the two great ub-aidr-paylng nations. Th ahln-buildlng and owning Indus try has been built up on the policy of free trade In shirs and material f-r buiMlng them. The same policy will revive the shlp-bulldlng Industry In this country. Jl b5' fore of circum stance conducted Qn a free traOe basis. The nations which can bulid shtpa cheapest and best gt the carry ing trade of the world. They are such nations as Great Britain and Nor way. The nations which cannot com pete on these conditions are driven out of the business. If they wi--h to own ships, they must buy from the nations which can build cheapest or they will be handicapped again. Our high tariff shuts us out of the sfaip-bulldlng Industry as effectually as It shut" most foreign products out of our markets. Our law denying Ameri can register to foreign-built ships shut us out of the ship-owning busi ness, so far as any but coastwise traf fic Is concerned. Throw down those two barrier and this Nation, would soon resume her place among th ship building and slp-ownlng nations of the world. But If that time ever comes, the subsidy hunter will build no ships; they will continue to wait for Uncle Sam to give them a subsidy pap bottle to suck. COLONEL ttXXEJts) M.lt HOT. In the light of Secretary Fisher discoveries In Alaska. Glfford Ptnchot. Glavls and th enthusiast who hav declared the coal of Alaska to be worth a billion dollars, stand exposed aa so many reincarnation of Colo nel Sellers. They hav believed pros pectors' tale and given them Nation wide circulation. Guggenheim by hi extenive operation and hi reaching after everything In lght In Alaska has Justified belief In these tale, which have thus- become the mean of keeping the country in a turmoil of debate over Alaska and the attempt to "grab It coal land. Now cornea Mr. Fisher himself a shining light among the conservation ists, an Intimate ally of Plnchot and one whose word cannot be gainsaid and says Alaska coal Is not so much after ail. The country has been shaken and the vein twisted by volcanic con. Tulslon. The Bering River coal ha been ground to dust In many places and can only be marketed In briquet, cost of mining will b abnormal and Controller Bay Is a poor harbor. Gug-' genhelm wasted 11. 500. 000 there, an other company spent $400,000 on a breakwater to no purpose and If any others beside Ryan wish to try their luck there 1 plenty of room. From the fact that the Guggen neims are tlll anxious to lnvet money In Alaska railroad and coal mines. It I to be Inferred that they have satisfied themselve that there la tlll money to be made, even after duly discounting the prospector tales. There are doubtless place on the coal vein where the coal la olId and the vein thick, while In other placee convulsion hav pinched the vein and pulverised the coal. In min ing uch a vein there are great ruk aud whil th highest skill may real la a profit, that profit may not prov large and a alight error may change It into a Ins. In view of ueh conditions, the con servationist will find It necessary to revise their estimate of the profit to be realised and of the royalty the Government should charge under th leasing system. The profit of $1 a ton estimated by a magaalne writer In dis cussing the Cunningham case Is de clared by Morrell W. Gaine. of Brook lyn, to be flctltlous. He y that even the highest-priced coal Jand. that of Pennsylvania, 1 not worth more than 10 cent a ton as the coal lie In the ground. Profile on the Pacific Coast will be limited by competition with fuel oil and by competition with other coal deposits. The royalty must be fixed with due regard to the slie and quality of the coal vein, the cost and risk of min ing due to the Irregularity of the vein, the cost of transportation to market and the competitive conditions In that market. If It should be higher than these condltlona Justify, capital will not Invest and the coal will wait until the term are changed. The royalty must be based on facts ascer tained by skilled mining engineer, not on the statement picked up by Colo nel Seller Plnchot from Imaginative prospectors. TMI TO EXO IT. The aro'uslng of public sentiment against reckless automobile racing ha perhaps been awaiting some such acci dent as that at Syracuse last Satur day. It has been largely Indifferent so far to the protests of manufactur ers like Harry Ford and Alexander Wlnton, who place more value upon human life than upon the temporary advertising advantage the success of a winning car give to manufacturers. Indeed, the danger to driver and mechanic In aufomoblle contests has been a financial benefit to race pro moters. Its Influence has been recog nized In the adoption of the circua method of advertising. "Shaking Dice With Death! Twenty Dare-Devil Driver In Thrilling Speed Duels. The Field vs. Deatli Which Will Win?" read a poster Issued to announce race held on an Eastern track not long ago. Official race accident bulletins were posted In Los Angeles during a recent meet. "Car No. ran into car No. 7. Two met? hurt. Come out and see the, spill." read one of them. Such advertising I common, not unusual. No doubt It ha attracted attend ance. The circus has used the form for years because it paid. The acrobat has made "death-defying" leaps; the Intrepid trainer has entered the den of ferocious beasts, and the bicyclist ha looped the loop times without number, that the nerve of the public might be thrilled. Tet the danger In the aplne chllllng feat of clreu performers are more apparent than real. The circus protects Its performer with nets or means of defense or provide for them appliance that work with mechanical precision. Not o with th automobll race pro moter. His track la often dusty, or rough or Imperfectly protected. Since 1J0I more than J00 drivers and me chanic have met death In automobile races. Occasionally a spectator or two ha been crushed and mangled, but the chief blood-spilling ho been among those who have participated In the contest knowing full well th dangers they Invited. Barney Oldfleld not the Oldfleld who took hi car on a slippery track, at Syracuse and ran It 0 mile with tire shoe loose and flopping until it plowed its way through the throng1 tell us in the September number of Popular Mechanic that the manu facturers have become weary of the death roll of automobile racing: that the good drivers re abandoning the game. Oldfleld. himself, ha quit rac ing, and tell why In language that clearly show that the mala excuse T7TK MOKXTXO OREGONIAN'. MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 13. 1011. for continuance of racing Is the destre of the public for nerve thrills. "I was never famous." he tells us. "until I went through the fence at St. Louis nd killed two .pectaior." Pro moters then fell over each other to sign him tip. and .his press agent filed two notches in the hood of his racing car. ThL" pastmaster of the game who pre ferred quiet retirement to spectacular death declare that fast racing has ceased to be a proof of perfect cars; that few of the spectators care about the finer points of the cars. Racing Is now a contest of drivers, tires and luck. ,The thing that sticks, in tho public mind after a race is not the make of the winning car, but the num ber of persons killed or Injured. But with all the loss of life, th men who place themselves In the greatest dan ger do not profit much In, money. The manufacturer, too. is approaching the conclu.lon that racing Is not profitable. The main revenues have gone to the race promoters, the doctors, hos pitals and the cemeterf associations. Probably all . that now Induces makers to enter car 1 a plrlt of rivalry. If pecuniary losses will not ubdue expression of rivalry In this form, public condemnation of fast rac ing will. Mr. Oldfleld ee a possible future for automobile racing In the construction of board track. He may be right. If the board track permit the appearance of death courting, with only a shadow of reality, the lust for thrill may atill be satisfied. Dirt track and indifferent management we can only hope have seen their day. The Syracuse catastrophe should cause a recoil from present-day meth ods. The sober-minded people and lawmaker will not consent to a great amount of blood spilling In the name of sport. r raw back, or COrXTBT 14 IT.. If the "back to the farm" movement Is to gain headway, it must offer bet ter opportunities for making a good living than the city, but It must offer still more.. The people who flocked to the city did so not only because a better mean of making a living was offered, but because more of the pleas ure of life were assured. Country life, in order to draw people from the cities, must not only assure a good living but aa much of the pleasure of life a' the eltle. Of course, these pleasure would be different in kind from those of the city, but they should be as varied. The greatest obstacle to the enjoy ment of country life Is bad roads. A man going from a city to inspect a farm with a view to purchase ha his enthusiasm lowered at the outset by being Jolted In and out of mudhole and over rocks. If he persists, he will find that the same bad road con stitute a bar to social intercourse with hi neighbor a well a to marketing hi crop. Hi social Instincts, devel oped by city life, will wither and die. Social gatherings and entertainments are few, for everybody know that going to and from them mean sore bone next day. Well-td-do men. who in their Journey through life wish to live by the way. ehun the country for this Teaaon. There is no reason whatever why the country population should not in clude all grade of wealth, culture and intelligence as well a doe the city population. That I the case in Europe and it should be ao here. The English country squire, much aa he ha been abused, form a center around which a country community can gather. There are other wealthy residents, the clergy, doctors, lawyers, "gentlemen farmers," tenant farmers, storekeepers and laborer all grade of oclety going to make a commun ity. While we have no clas distinc tion which divide a community a In England and none but an Angloma nlac wishe that we had, a small com munity should have all the element corresponding to those mentioned Just aa ha a large community. Wealthy men of education making their home on farms -would adopt up-to-date farming method and serve as an ex ample to neighbor who may have got Into a rut. They would prove by ex perience that good farming pay. They would awaken the social life of the neighborhood. They would enliven public discussion on local affairs. The change begun by them would attract others of their kind and would giv Impetus to the back-to-the-farm move ment. But uch men will not move to th country in any great numbers so long as they must travel on such toads as we now have. Between the paved street of the city and the farm to "a great gulf fixed," which 1 the tring of mudhole on the country road. Be fore we can Induce the city man to go back to the farm, we must provide a good road over which he may travel. - "ORCHARD HOISE." "Orchard House," made famous by the busy pen of Louisa M. Alcott, the house In which "Little Women." her most-famous book was written, the house In which the philosopher of transcendentalism, A. Bronson Alcott, dreamed and read and wrote: the house wherein ''Marmee" tolled and planned and economised that the four "little women" of her busy flock might be fed and clothed and made happy; the house wherein .patient "Beth" passed to her eternal rest; where gifted "Amy" sketched and painted and from which housewifely "Meg" fared forth with her "John" to found a home of their own thl house for many months until recently ha stood tenantless and desolate on a secluded street in Concord, its locked doors and boarded windows mocking its ancient good cheer and open handed hospitality? Lately, however, ft change has come over the old home of the Alcott and, although automobile pilgrim "seeing Concord" at twenty mile an hour till pass It unheeding there, 1 again something doing at "Orchard House." Th neglect into which the once busy human hive had been allowed by un sympathetic owners to fall was noted last Spring by the president of the Concord Woman- Club and through her Instrumentality and by assistance secured from ft multitude of wom en who in their girlhood enjoyed the adventure of "Little Women." the Alcott home has been purchased and to a great extent renovated. Cpon investigation a committee of thla club found that the old house with some of its grounds could be purchased for $S000. To realize thl sum and secure an amount sufficient to put the house In repair it was reck oned that if every woman who. in her girlhood had enjoyed the adventure of "Little Women" would contribute 10 cents, the fund necessary for this njrpose would speedily be realized. This lde sown broadcast over the Na tion bore abundant fruitage. Of the sum required 15000 was apeedlly forthcoming, the purchase was made and the work of renovation was be gun. No thought has been entertained of modernizing (he old house. The plan was simply to restore It to a weather resisting condition and preserve as far as passible such evidences of its In terior as tell of the occupancy of the Alcott family. Built nearly 200 year ago, the house ha never been over hauled. Hence It contains many evi dences of the Alcott occupancy. Bron son Alcotf study containing book shelves of his own building; a motto on the mantel In brown old English letters painted by "Amy": The bill are reared, the seas ar scraped in rain If Uarnlns' altar vanish from tha plain; Pencil sketches, very faint, but show ing the taste and skill and Imagery of the youngest daughter of the recluse; the room in which "Little Women" was written, with mural decoration by the same eager, enthusiastic artist, these and many other tokens are found that represent the long ago spent ac tivity of ft highly Intellectual family of the Concord group that formed the most remarkable literary community in America in the last century. Emeraon and Thoreau; Hawthorne and Alcott, these are name that made old Concord famous In the world of letters in the middle years of ft dead century. The dust of all of these and many who were dear to them rest: la their nig ht-fut-ampmrnt In th hill. While the roadside from Lexington to Concord Is dotted with memorial to the "embattled farmer" who nearly ft century earlier Flrd th allot hoard round th world. It la ft reproach that the house of our literary victor of ft succeeding era standing along the same road are practically unmarked and it 1 cer tainly gratifying to know that "Or chard House" is to be maintained as a shrine sacred to the memory of Louisa M. Alcott. A woman of remarkable energy, she rose superior to her hard conditions that encompassed her and out of the bare facts of her own life she wove such sturdy, helpful types of endur ance and achievement as will make her influence felt as long as the "Lit tle Women" of her charming story find prototypes in American homes. A fitting feature of the restoration of the Alcott home Is found in the 'fact that after the special family rooms are restored to the similitude of their former condition and dedicated a a shrine to the once busy but now silent worker, the remainder of the capacious old house Is to be used as a Summer vacation place for working girls, where from April to October It will stand ready to receive in turn all of thla class whom it can accommodate. The recent railroad trlke in Eng land haa revived the always existent ' but usually dormant movement for Government owrerhip, out tne simul taneous strike of street railway em ploye in Liverpool and Glasgow haa also given ft sample of what might be expected under Government owner hip. The fact that the treet rail way were owned by the cities did not deter the employe from striking and the same condition might be expected If the Government owned the rallroadft If the Government went into business,' politics would get mixed with business and we should find the mixture aggra vated by the labor question. We are now afflicted with too much business in politics and are trying to get It out. To put politic into business would be an even greater evil. . The president of the Mormon Church need the advice of ft press agent. Be ing asked to buy photographs of the supposed secret Interior of the Temple at Salt Lake, he flatly refused and spoiled the secrecy yarn by saying 800 gentiles had een the secret. Polygamy ha become a relic practiced only by some old men who refuse to desert tRelr wives, even though they have several. At thl rate the Mormon Church is fast becoming like any other church, so commonplace and re spectable that the muck-raking maga zine will hav to hunt new material. At a time when there Is so much talk of economic management and factories are run on three shift of eight hours each that they may earn money on the Investment all the time, it look wasteful to use our invest ment in chool building only about six hours a day. They might well be used as civic centers, where branch libraries and reading rooms might be established and local Improvement clubs might meet. Tacoma haa caught the idea from some Eastern cities and it is likely to spread. If the gilded youth of the Nation is being converted into anarchists and iconoclasts at the colleges, the glided parents may atop the supply of en dowments and send their young else where. Their being made rakes and roues may be considered secondary matter In the eyes of predatory wealth. The President wisely took warning from the free use being made of Champ Clark's annexation speech by the anti-reciprocity party In Canada and said nothing on that subject at Syracuse. If Clark had had that much sense, he would not have injured the cause he wished to help. Suing a stenographer for $20,000 for alienating her husband' affection is ft change in the usual order made by ft Seattle woman. The wonder la why a woman worth that much will take dictation. - Lower rates on wheat to Fuget Sound had no effect on shipments to Portland the past week, except to stim ulate movement on the water grade and break all records. Considering Irregularities at the Union Depot. It may again be stated that it takes a mighty good man to handle other people's money. What is ft little mist In Oregon, com pared with water three feet deep in Kansas towns? The white-capped summit of all the mountains around are again in evi dence. People who attend big automobile races need plenty of accident insur ance. ' Interviewer must need all their vacuum cleaners for Plnchot' return. t Mount Etna 1 tlll on the Job of turning the earth Inside out. . The Beavers knew what the fans wanted. . Good old dependable Beaters! HOPPICKERS GET POOR SHELTER I Rat ay Experience In Ft rid BrtnaT Otat Protest Asalnat Conditio. PORTLAND. Sept. 1. (To the Edi tor.) I have Just returned to the haven of Portland after three weeks of travel In the hopfields contiguous to the sleepy town of Independence. As it was my flrst experience with hops (that Is prior to their passing through the hands of the brewers) I am Jotting down a few Impressions. In the first place the gathering of hops Is essen tially an avocation to which women and children can adapt themselves readily. I was not therefore surprised to see many mothers with their chil dren availing themselves of an oppor tunity to enjoy an outing where the expense of the same could be defrayed If one was willing to work, and given fine weather an enjoyable time can be spent a little closer to Nature than usual. Of course, you may expect to meet a few characters among the pickers who are not ultra-refined, but laboring peo ple have been treated like brutes so long that we must not be consumed with anguish and unrighteous indigna tion if we find that we -ow have brutes to deal with. It la the inexor able law of cause and effect. But to get baok to hops; this year It rained and rained and rained, and sad-faced women and Joyless children suffered correspondingly. The plot of ground where they were camped soon became a quagmire, and unfit for hu man habitation. I noticed that the horses and cattle belonging to the proprietor of the hop yards were comfortably hdused and provided for, and if a little straw was left over it was reluctantly thrown to the humans. The nightly grand frog chorus that held forth, rain or shine, was now aug mented by a grand churchyard cough chorus, this coupled with the laitntul rain made s'.eep impossible. To a man up a tree or under a tree In this particular case. It seems that some slight effort should be made by th growers to provide something in the way of substantial shelter for those who are adding to the already overflowing coffers of these same growers: but If the subjeot Is broached to the powers that be they either laugh at you or stare at you in dumb amazement and turn away horror stricken, considering you dangerous and unfit to be at large. Cannot something be done to compel growers to Improve conditions that would cause a FIJI Islander or. a Pata gonlan to hang their heads In ehameT SERF. WEBB fOMMmTIOM CO.HMEDED Governor PralaeA for Following Hla Convictions In Fare of Opinion. PORTLAND, Snpt. 17. (To the Edi tor.) In reply to the article written by A. L. Mason, published In the Is sue of September 12, permit me to say that Governor West Is doing the proper and timely thing in authorizing a 125, 000 reward for the capture of the out rageous murderers mentioned in the article. If Governor West did not take this step, A. L.Mason would be the first one to censure him for his lnao tlon. The fact that Governor West commuted the death sentence of Webb to life Imprisonment. Is no reason why he should not bend every effort to catch other murderers. Perhaps the pleas of the two daugh ters did Influence him In this step, but it is highly probable that Governor vest Is man enough to commute the Webb sentence without such persua sion. Mr. Mason speaks of It aa a "weakness." He does not know what a "weakness" Is. It showed a great strength of character to be able to dif fer from the established laws of men. and, in the face of public criticism, fol low unflinchingly the principles of the Lord.- Perhaps the makers of the law-providing capital punishment thought themselves wise; but they were not. No man. or body of men. has the right to take one life for another, even If murder haa been committed. A mur derer is a menace to life and society; as suoh he should be kept from the rest of the world. But when you take his life you are staining your hands with human blood, a stain that will never wash out It is true that the killing is done according to man's law. and within the protection of man s law, and that it is not so repulsive and bloody as the original murder, but neverthelees It Is murder, pure and Blm.ple- m .e? at this ver- slon. Let them sit by themselves for 10 minutes and tninK awmu.u this. At the end of that time they will feel thankful that they have no direct part In the killing. And why will they be thankful. Because, deep down in their hearts, even In the worst of men, the principle of good will tell their consciences that it is wrong . .oar-hlnors of God. accorainK - , . . They will realize that at the day of lng ana tnvsw " - -- - - ecutlon will be held responsible for the taking or tnai me. Governor West Is a man, a. man who did hla duty and did It well, did his aul)rBOBERT STERLING. To tbe Manner Bon." PORTLAND. Sept. 17. (To the Edi tor )if worth while let me add a little to the answer in The Oreonlan to an inquiry of a student in yester day's Issue. Hamlet or Shakespeare was perpe trating ft play on words when he said he "was to the manner born.' Origin ally a manor was an estate granted by the King to one of h,is Barons. A part of It was sublet to "freeholders' and the remainder, called the domain, was retained for the Baron's use. It was cultivated by serfs or 'Villeins, who were considered a part of the estate. Each was allowed a hut and a piece of ground for his own ""PPft. which be held at the pleasure of his lord. In course of time, however. It became recognized that so long as a villein conformed his conduct to the custom, of the estate he had a right to keep his patch of earth. This and other privileges that the serfs gradually acquired, were enforced by the baronial courts. Till a later period each estate was a law unto Itself, governed by ancient customs religiously observed. Such customs or laws were, of course, applicable only to those "to the manor born"; that Is, to serfs born on the do main and hence belonging to. the man or, although later, villeins were per mitted to transfer their holdings to strangers, but not without the land lord's consent. . So when Horatio asks Hamlet if the drunkea revel of the King and his oourt is part of a "custom, the word immediately suggests copyhold estates and Hamlet or Shakespeare seizes the opportunity to make a pun and at the same time display an almost uncanny knowledge of law "Ay. r But to my mind, though I am native here and to the manner (manor) born. It is a custom more honored In tne breach than the observance." The expression is often used as equivalent to well-born or aristocratic, although Its origin would hardly Justi fy such US R. W. .NORTH. gon la TbousHUful of Mother. Philadelphia Times. Little Albert Marcheem, of Tioga, is another bright boy. In playing the other day be upset a beautiful import ed flower holder, a gift to his mother from a friend who traveled abroad. "There, see what you've done," his mother said, pointing to the fragments on the floor. "Tea, mother, but don't take off your slipper. You might cut your feet," warned th lad. SCHOOL BC1XDISG CHEAPER HERB Compartaoa of Coat Made Wltk Boston by Mr. Manaon. PORTLAND. Sept. 17. (To the Edi tor.) The following clipping from the Metal Worker, a prominent engineering journal devoted to the interest of the metal trades, showing cost of school buildings In Boston per pupil and also per cubic foot, may serve as a solace for the economic pains and distresses of some of our citizens who think we are paying too much money for some of our later and better class of stone. brick and nreproor scnooi ounaiusa. few of which are herein mentioned with costs of same for comparative purposes: "The table of Boston schools covers the buildings erected since 1902. The cost per cubic foot of building aver ages 22.8 cents per cubic foot for SO buildings. Three of the 30 buildings are high school structures and for the 27 common schools the cost of build ing per pupil figures out $178. Ons of the high school buildings deslgnart to accommodate 540 pupils cost -$5i8.2 per pupil and the cubic contents are 1,267. 6S2 cubic feet. A normal school building with 1.392,848 cubic feet con tents and accommodating 350 pupils cost $940 per pupiL The third high school, having 1.888.807 cubio feet con tents and - accommodating 600 pupils, cost per pupil $459.19." While the material of which these buildings are constructed Is not given It Is probable that, while Boston has rot adopti the policy of erecting "fireproof" schools only, the buildings are of brick or stone and for compara tive purposes we append coBt of simi lar buildings In our city, as for e"" ple: The Rose City Park School, which Is the most expensive building yet con tracted for. being entirely fireproof construction, cost $65,000. endon a basis of 400 pdplls costs $162.69 par pupil as against $178 per pupil for the common sohools of Boston. The Washington-High School, whloh accommo dates 1800 pupUs and which is a stone building' remarkably handsome ap pearance and complete equipment lor high school purposes, cost complete $229,132. or $127.25 per puplL The Jet ferson High School, which is a very complete and handsome building or brick with the latest high school equip ment, including a flrst-class gymna sium and scientific apparatus for hlgn school purposes, cost $15 per PUP"- On a basis of the cost per oublo foot all the buildings named in this city cost much less than those of Boston, though none of the buildings either here or in Boston seem to have been erected as cheaply ai some of our citi zens not in the contracting line as serted strictly fireproof schools could be built for. thoueh our only fire proof schools" lately contracted for were advertised and let in the open market to the MANSON. MR. YODER ENTERS A PROTEST. Donbt Implied That Farmers and Tax payer Want Extra Session. - HUBBARD, Or, Sept. 15. (To the Editor.) In The Oregonian of Septem ber 14; under the heading 'Special Session for Roads Urged," the first Item I notice In double-leaded type i is "$5000 Salary Provided." Neat that the bill provides for appropriation out ol the State Treasury of $60,000 or any sum found necessary for payment of salaries. Would not $55,000 build sev eral miles of read each year " Judi ciously expended by the officials we now have to pay? In today's Oregonian we notice more about this highway commission and that there is a "general demand for an extra session of the Legislature. We would be pleased to know from whom this general demand comes. Is this general demand from the tillers of the soli, the small farmers and tax payers? If so. I would be pleased to see a list of the names and tbe occu pations of the signers. ' Our County Court saw fit to appoint a county road engineer, and under his supervision several miles of crushed rock roads were built, but the last ac count we had from that part of the county he had rails laid across the roadbed to keep the publlo from using It. This reminds me of the simple minded boy and the sod fences that the early settlers of Central Illinois put around their truck patches, the said fences were all right If they would only herd the cattle away from them. . So with our high-priced roads they are nice to look upon If only the pub llo would drive alongside. J. 8. YODER. A Great Discovery. PRESCOTT, Or., Sept. 16. (To the Ed itor.) With the memory of your vari ous caustic comments on the actions of Congressman Lafferty still fresh in my mind, your article of yesterday headed "Lafferty Hard at Work." made me wonder at the consistency (7) of your paper. Of course I noted the asterisks at the end of the article, designating, I suppose, an advertisement. Would not the "$" sign have served better? F. W. GREGORY. Here is a smart man. He thinks he has found out something about The Oregonian that is not creditable to It and he hurries to write a sneering let ter about it. Yet he Is probably the only man In the entire circle of readers of The Oregonian who failed to note that the article was an advertisement captioned plainly with the words "Paid Advertisement" and designated further by the two stars which this writer dis covered. Trouble and Matrimony. Philadelphia Times. Merchantvllle, N. J, has a new baby that Is, comparatively new. She it's a girl is only seven weeks old. "My wife certainly meets trouble half way," the father of the new baby confided to a friend the other evening. - "How so?" came the Inquiry. "Well, there's the baby, seven weeks old. just been named, not yet chris tened, and my wife's worrying already because she fears the youngsteril grow up and marry some man my wife will not like. Can you beat it?" Half a Century Ago From The Orosonian. Sept. 18. 1861. All the romance that characterized the first days of the great Civil War Is at an end. The terrific enthusiasm, the great popular uprisings, the spon taneous and simultaneous rushing to arms of tens of thousands, the showy dress of the galalay soldiers, and the expectation of victory without the ap plication of means to gain" It have all vanished. We now stand facing the dreadful realities of the question. In the light of history it was easy to see that many popular Ideas about the dura tion of the war were only so many popular durations and delusions, the difficulties were not estimated even by the most intelligent Journalists least of all by those of the Eastern States. Every inch of territory which is won back to the Union will be tracked with blood. The Federal troops will have to fight the levy en masse of the trai tors on their own soil. Battles and sieges will be the order of the day A vast sacrifice will ensue but the Union will be saved. About 10 or 12 o'clock at night a band of profane persons congregate on the corner of First and Washington streets and Indulge In some very Im proper talk in a loud tone. The true way to stop thla is to fine every one of them until he has no money left to buy whisky w1 WHERE PRIMARY BLAME RESTS. TTndestrable Parenthood Held Respon sible For Much Social Evil. INDEPENDENCE, Or.. Sept. 18.--(To the Editor.) In the reply to ths police officer who wrote on the social evil. The Oregonian struck the nail fairly on the head when it said that the girl should be held responsible aa well as the man. To blame all on the man and let ths gil or woman go free, as Is usualy done In all cases of sexual Immorality is not Justice. It is not fair to the girl. I do not believe that the morals of our growing girls will ever be bet tered if we persist in teaching and preaching that they are In no way to blame for their downfall. It is against sound reason and the laws of sex. Girls and boys will never have sound moral principle or strength of charac ter until this fact is thoroughly drilled Into their minds and being that they are the makers of their own destiny, that they and they alone, in most in stances, are responsible for all im moral acts. Inculcate this idea into the minds of the young along with good sensible advice of father and mother during- the years of budding man and womanhood, and few of them would turn out bad. Most writers and speakers blame the downfall of girls and women to pov erty and the wiles of wicked men and married men at that. While it may be true that some grown up men make It a business to prey on young girls, and for such a man no punishment is too severe, yet in my opinion the vast majority of girls are ruined by young boys of nearly their own age. As to poverty belnar a cause, I do not believe that if the exact truth oould be arrived at, there would be lound two In 100. It is so much easier to blame it onto something or someone than to say: "I am the guilty one." Self condemning is a hard thing for the best of us and it Is the last thing the . young will do. I am confident after many years of observation and much travel, that the real cause of girls going wrong and boys, too. Is undesirable parenthood, fathers and mothers who haven't the first rudiments of sound morals and sexual laws; parents who never had any proper tralnlDg; themselves and perhaps were loose in their sexual rela tions before marriage, bring children Into this world and let them grow up unrestrained. It has been said that, to reform a child, you will have to start with their grandparents. One "oannot make a silk purse out of a soWs ear," and before we do much reforming we had better start at the fountain head and stop the begetting of undesirable children, and hold every father and mother responsible for the acts of their children under age. Any old thing of either sex can get married and generally do, then go to raising hell and children. It Is ths children of such parents that fill our houses of prostitution, our Jails and penltentarles and will continue to do so until we look the facts squarely in the face and act accordingly. R. S. C. DRAMATIC OPPORTUNITY IGNORED. Webb Commutation Too Commonplace Thinks Euarene Correspondent. EUGENE, Or., Sept 18. (To the Ed itor.) I have read with alternate ap probation and nausea the public com ment on the commutation of Murderer Webb's sentence. Ignoring the ethical question, It seems to me that Governor West has sadly bungled one of the most magnificent opportunities for gal lery play in his career. Observe the facts. He stopped tha execution in a very commonplace man ner, a full 20 minutes before It was scheduled to take place. Not a soul in the crowd had fainted yet. Few were In tears. A $20-a-month press agent for a nickelodeon could have managed It better. Think what he might have done. Just as the executioner was reaching forth to spring the trap amid the sobs of Women and the agonized groans of strong men, he could have dashed up on a foam-flecked horse, flung himself from the saddle, held up one gaunt leted hand, and in a ringing volca, shouted: "Hold I This dastardly deed shall not be done! My little daughter says sol" The story would have burnt up tha wires. The din of managing editor howling for more would alone have been deafening. I fear that the Governor is losing his appreciation of the dramatic This miserable handling of the Webb com mutation comes as a poor climax to the single-handed capture of a des perate and fleeing orlminal. the rescue from death of a beautiful maiden and the freehanded paying for the honey moon of a loving and worthy couple because a bountiful Providence had sent an abundant crop of hops. Altogether, It was disappointing. The decay of genius Is ever a sad spectacle. FRANK JENKINS. Public to Blame for Acquittal f BAY CENTER, Wash, Sept. 16. (To the Editor.) As a timid suggestion, how would it do to- have courts, law yers and juries that would convlot some of these murderers when caught? Judges are either elected by us or appointed by executlves-whom we elect. The lawyers who remain In the pro fession are the ones we choose to em ploy. The average Juryman Is an aver age citizen and, in the long run, aver age Juries reflect average public sen timent. After all, who Is to blame? I L. BUSH. Conntry Town Sayings by Ed Howe (Copyright, 1911. by George Matthew AOama) "Give the devil his due," is an old saying. I don't know about that; give the devU his due, and he would soon have too much. People do not seem to understand the importance of honesty. To be sure, good conduct is taught, in a way, but too many mistakenly think such teaching a perfunctory duty, and that there are many pleasures In a reckless careless life. A man may look around a month before ordering a suit but when he finally orders It he wants It next day. Public opinion Is the great mean of accomplishing good in a community. If a man does not behave himself, public opinion can soon whip him into line. That man does not live who Is not afraid of public opinion. I can stand an ordinary school teacher pretty well; but a real pro fessor scares me. Tell a man what he should do. and he won't do it, to show that he is independent. When I deserve it I don't mind abuse. It makes me careful. But I seldom agree with my critics as to when I deserve abuse. You may be busy, but if you have time to tell your troubles, you are not . busy . enough. Some days a man is so worthless that he is In his own way. The only way to accumulate money is to be honest and trustworthy. The man who doesn't know this is dan gerous; he is a fool, and liable to be- . come a thief.