THE ..MORXIXG OREGOXIAN, 3IOXDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1911.
G
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THE SEXATE A'D ARBITRATION.
J Any person who examines the text
of the arbitration treaties with Great
Britain and France cannot but come
f.o the conclusion that' the United
States is amply protected against the
risk, of being- forced to submit im
proper subjects to arbitration. The
Senate's objections to the decision by
the Joint commission as to what dls
; putes should be arbitrated appear to
' be prompted by an exaggerated fear
bf sacrificing some of its prerogatives
and, if they were sustained, would so
limit the treaty-making power of this
Government as to make it much less
than that of the governments with
which we have to deal.
! The President contends that . the
Senate has power to ratify the trea
ties, which authorize a commission to
decide whether any particular case
comes within the class which the trea
ties make subject to arbitration. Some
Senators, Lodge and Bacon in partic
ular, contend that this would be a
delegation of the Senate's prerogative
and would endanger National inter
ests, because it might include submis
sion to arbitration of questions which
relate to National policy, like the
Monroe Doctrine, or internal admin
istration, like the Japanese school
dispute. Their contention Is' in ap
parent conflict "with the terms of the
treaty itself, which provide that dif
ferences "which are Justiciable in
their nature by reason of being sus
ceptible of decision by the application
of the principles of law or equity,"
shall be arbitrated. The word 'Justi
ciable" means "liable to trial In a
court of Justice," according to Web
ster, but the treaty-makers have
broadened its meaning by the quali
fying words which follow it.
The treaty provides that. In case
'the parties disagree as to whether a
rase is Justiciable,, that question shall
be submitted to a Joint high commis
sion of three from each nation, but
it can only be referred to arbitration
when the commission Is unanimous
. or has only one dissentient. The ob
jecting Senators say this might In
volve the arbitration of questions of
policy or Internal government, but the
definition of the questions subject to
arbitration excludes any such matters
and Senator Root, in his report, says
it Is the undoubted purpose to ex
clude them. He thinks the line Is
drawn clearly enough between arbi
trable and non-arbitrable disputes,
but In order to make doubly sure he
suggests a clause In the formal rati
fication excluding "any question which
depends upon or involves the main
tenance of the traditional attitude of
the United States concerning Ameri
can questions or other purely govern
mental policy."
Mr. Root also denies that, by ap
proving the Joint commission, the
Senate would be delegating the power
to say what shall be arbitrated. He
says the submission to the commission
of the question whether any. case
comes within the description of the
class which we have agreed to arbi
trate "Is merely empowering the com
mission to find whether the particular
rase is one that the President and
Senate have said shall be arbitrated."
He compares its work with that of a
customs collector In deciding whether
goods come within the dutiable class
or not. It might be compared with a
referee appointed by a court to take
: evidence and make findings of fact
and conclusions of law.
Senator-Burton does not think even
this precaution necessary and points
out the many safeguards the treaties
provide against arbitration of non
Justiciable questions. Not only must
the Joint commission be unanimous or
have but one dissentient, but if the
United States were objecting to the
arbitration of the question in hand,
the President would appoint three of
the six commissioners and the Sen
ate could require that the appoint
ments be confirmed by it. Even after
the commission had referred a dis
pute to arbitration, the Senate would
have power to amend the special
agreement ' determining the character
and composition of the tribunal, could
define the Scope of Its powers, the
question at issue, terms of reference
and procedure.
, With all these opportunities for
preventing the submission to arbitra
tion of subjects which this Nation
wished to decide for Itself, it Is Im
possible to conceive how any such
subject could slip through to The
Hague tribunal. Certainly, If we are
to make arbitration a reality a prac
tical working means of settling Inter
national disputes without coming to
blows we must take the chance of
having some cases decided against us.
The medicine must bite, to quote Mr.
Taft's apt illustration. We must be
willing to take a sporting chance. We
cannot . make arbitration a "sure
thing," or no other nation will play
the game with us.
The latest phase of the outcry
against the high cost of living is a
simultaneous movement in several
large cities to crowd out the middle
man. In Indianapolis he has shut the
farmers out of the public market,
where they could deal directly with
the consumer, but the farmers are
clamoring for admission, strongly
backed by some local newspapers.
The Farmers' Alliance plans to estab
lish a great market in New Tork and
the. labor unions of Chicago are mov
ing to create a co-operative store.
The whole movement to eliminate the
middleman has precipitated a fight,
for the middleman objects to elimi
nation. It Is charged that a co-operative
store scheme in Chicago failed
three years ago because the railroads
"stood in" with the commission men
by holding np shipments. Manufac
turers of food products and other
commodities sold In a general co-operative
store would probably foresee
demoralization of their trade In the
tale of goods by the co-operators at
cost plus the actual expense of handling-
andwould either refuse to sell
or endeavor to dictate the price at
which goods should be retailed. Elim
ination of the middleman by co-operation
between producers on the one
hand and consumers on the other Is
one of the chief means of reducing;
the cost of living-, but It will not be
effected without a battle.
WITY THEY ARE IX POLITICS.
- The New York Times, a Democratio
paper with strong Republican lean-
tno-a wtthol a nmrDrfnl and 1 Tl f P I -
"6t . ....... '
I JVU. . U .0 sv. .V. "
I Taft, because he vetoed the wool bill.
I "The record of the past year has been
really a spienaia one, says me nuic
we had nopea u couia De consaieui.
ly carried out with unbroken success
and honor. It Is a great pity he has
tangled it with an ill-advised excur
sion into party politics."
This is very curious. The sole aim
of the President in vetoing the wool
bill, and . the preposterous farmers'
free list, and the buncombe cotton
bill was to avoid party politics. The
wool bill was the discreditable prod
uct of political bargain and sale be
tween the Insurgents and Democrats.
It was the club they Jointly wielded
to' put Taft in a hole. They, utterly
forgot their previous loud demands
for a tariff board, so that the tariff
might be settled once for all on an
economio basis, and chose to ignore
the fact that the tariff board would
report on this same question of wool
in December. They seized what they
thought a great political opportunity
and made the most of it.
President Taft vetoed the wool bill
and the other political bills because
they were the fruit of political hugger-mugger
and partisan manipula
tion. . That is all. He did not drag
them Into politics. He sought to take
them out of politics.
WHY PCXISH CRIME
PORTLAND. Or.. Sept. 9. (To tha Edi
tor.) The comment of The Oregonian on
the action of Governor West In commuting
the aentence of Jesse Webb haa ahocked
a number of your readers who are sur-
Erlsed to discover that you advocate tha
loody doctrine of an eye for an eye. a
tooth for a tooth. ' Have you no sentiment
cf mercyt Do you think the law ought
also to be a murderer? What possible bene
fit would it be to anyone to hang webbj
Johnson la dead: but Webb's wife and
daughter are alive. HUMANITARIAN.
The Oregonian would have had
Webb hanged because the Jury and
the Judge, after a fair and careful
trial rloterminpil that he should be
hanged. If the court had fixed the
penalty at imprisonment for life. The
Oregonian would have been satis
fied, and would have Insisted that
there be no interference with the ex
act and rigorous course of Justice.
It is the everlasting meddling with
the straightforward and certain opera
tion of the law by weak-kneed Gov-v
ernors and by the higher courts
through quibbles, technicalities, eva
sions and hair-splittings, that has im
peded and all but wrecked the even
march of Justice everywhere In Amer
ica. The Oregonian did not want
Webb hanged for the sake of hanging
Webb; it does not want anyone
hanged. But it Is sure that certain
and swift punishment of murder and
of all grave offenses is a deterrent of
crime and a protection to society. It
Is humiliating to note that crimes of
the blood, like murder, are the least
dangerous of all to the perpetrator;
and they ought to be the most dan
gerous. It is discouraging and it is
startling to know that only a small
percentage of homicides in America;
something like 2 per cent are fol
lowed by conviction. It is a terrible
reproach to the American people that
they regard human life so lightly and
reward the murderer so surely iwith
his early freedom.
There is a definite and obvious re
lation between indulgence of murder
ers by the authorities and the shock
ing frequency of murder. It Is axio
matic to say that if there is to be
no punishment for murder there will
be many murders. The consequences
of manslaughter ought to be sure and
terrible; there would then be as little
homicide in America as there Is in
England and Germany.
The certainty of retribution the
regular and inexorable, administration
of Justice the automatic punishment
of crime these are the things that
prevent crime. The criminal ought to
know that there must be a due reck
oning with the law. When he knows
In advance that through the arts of
hired lawyers, the complaisance of the
courts, or the leniency of a Governor,
he may well expect to escape, what
happens? No one can fail to know
what happens. A premium is placed
on lawbreaking and society is demor
alizing. . Civilization goes back. No
one is safe.
The Oregonian does not object to
humane treatment of convicts or a
system of rewards for them or final
mitigation of the severity of sentence
or punishment. On the contrary, it
distinctly approves them, but the con
vict should earn probation or pardon
or commutation. These things should
come after the period of penalty, not
before. They should be earned by the
criminal, not by his wife or relatives
or misguided friends.
EDUCATIONAL TABLOIDS.
The beginning of another school
year approaches, and soon the annual
call to books will come from all of
the fountains of learning, from the
little log schoolhouse in the clearing
remote from the centers of population
to the great schools and colleges lo
cated near the din of the great cities.
The principals, professors and presi
dents of the various seats of learning
are deploying and Instructing the
corps, divisions and battalions for the
coming fray, and the great army of
students is awaiting the opening of
the erstwhile closed doors with vari
ous degrees of approval and eagerness,
doubt and reluctance.
In a sense the children of the rich
and the children of the poor will meet
on equal grounds, for learning knows
no favorites. If the teachers are what
they should be, they will see no differ
ence between the boy or girl in rich
apparel and the barefoot offspring
who fares forth "without breakfast
from the home where want reigns.
In the schoolroom the teachef
should have but one standard of
merit good deportment and perfect
lessons.
In the race for education In this free
country all must travel the same road.
There is no private highway, no royal
turnpike, no short cut across lots.
Some of our youth have better mental
equipment than others; hut let them
not rely too much upon their mental
ity as against hard study and close
application. If they do they are bound
to miss the high mark often attained
by the plodders, those who depend on
study, rather than intuition and
brains.
And if there is any person under the
sun who is the object of pity, it is the
young man or young woman boy or
gin may souna Detier -wno uiio.u
pass through the halls of knowledge
and come out with a good education
by some easy route because of par
ental wealth or family influence. God
help such misguided students. They
are entirely out of place in school
they should be sent to an asylum or
infirmary their parents also if they
sympathize with them.
The time may come some of the
idle rich 'hope so when educations
may be purchased in the market,
when even the want of brains may be
supplied by money. Perhaps some
scientist may discover how to make
an educational tabloid which can be
fed to the .student, doing away with
study entirely. But when the road to
knowledge is anything less than free
and equal, when the time comes that
anything save brains can win in the
educational race, in this or any coun
try, then the end of civilization will
be In plain sight.
But no such day will ever come. . In
one place, the schoolroom, the rich
and poor will always meet as equals.
"JTST THIS ONE," SAYS ASTOB.
Colonel Astor"s opinion' that remar
riage should be made possible once
may be compared with the drunk
ard's "Just this one" on the eve of
swearing off. He does not care how
difficult remarriage and divorce laws
are made, once he has accomplished
his feat in consecutive polygamy.
"After me. the deluge," he says.
His marriage with Miss Force will
serve a good end In calling attention,
as no other event could, to the neces
sity of reform in the marriage and
divorce laws, either by extension of
the Federal power over that subject
or by concerted action of the states
In passing uniform laws. That - a
flagrant violation of the moral code
can be used not only by the offended
party to sever the bond, but by the
offender to provoke ' that severance,
perhaps deliberately. In order that be
may legally take as wife the new ob
ject of his affections, Is to reduce the
marriage and divorce laws to an ab
surdity. Mormon and Mohammedan
polygamy shine by contrast, for they
are at least frank in legalizing sen
suality, while the laws which coun
tenance the Astor-Force marriage
cloak that vice with a hypocritical
garment of monogamy.
The conference of Governors will
find this a profitable subject for con
sideration. It might begin by recom
mending to the Legislature of each
state a bill making effective in that
state a divorce decree of another state
forbidding remarriage. That would
be a good beginning and could be
followed by the larger work of gen
eral revision of marriage and divorce
laws to procure uniformity.
ATC INTERESTING EPISODE.
The Washington, D. C, correspond-
ent of the State Capital Record, Of
Olympia, Wash., has a story in con
nection with the services early in the
Civil War of the late General I. I. Ste
vens, first ' Governor of Washington
Territory, which Is of more than pass
ing Interest to the older settlers of the
Pacific Northwest. A series of arti
cles commemorative of the fiftieth an
niversary of the beginning of the ac
tive steps taken by the Government
for the suppression of the Rebellion
have been printed in many of the
Eastern newspapers, and the episode
In the life of General then Colonel
Stevens Is among the tales that were
deemed worthy of retelling after the
lapse of half a century.
It is recalled that on August 14,
1861, the New York Highlanders (Seventy-ninth
New Tork militia), of
which Colonel Stevens had Just taken
command, was deprived of its colors
by General McCIellan for insubordlna-
tloh. It Is well to remember in this
connection that the scope and seri
ousness of the rebellion against Fed
eral authority In the South was wholly
underrated by the Government Tha
call by President Lincoln for 75,000
men to serve three months is in strik
ing evidence of this fact. The regi
ment given to the command of Colo
nel Stevens was mustered In under
President Lincoln's second call for
volunteers to serve three months un
less sooner discharged. Composed of
citizen soldiery, wholly unused to
army discipline and acquainted with
war only through the agency of mock
battles and blank cartridges, this regi
ment, then under command of Colonel
James Cameron, brother of the Sec
retary of War, lost 198 men, includ
ing its Colonel, in killed, wounded and
missing at the-battle of Bull Run. So
complete was the demoralization of
the regiment that it -was three days
after the engagement before its panic
stricken survivors could be got to
gether. Heartily sick of war, the men
were anxious to go horn. Accord
ingly many of the officers resigned and
others, including many non-commls-eloned
officers, petitioned the War De
partment to.be allowed to go back to
New Tork to recruit to full authorized
strength. The men were somehow
led to believe .that their petition would
be granted and that the regiment
would be sent to one of the forts in
New Tork Bay for recruiting pur
poses. .
Unmindful of the fact that it was
no longer a company of the state mi
litia, but a part of the military arm
of the Federal Government, and un
der regular military rules and regula
tions, the- regiment proceeded militia
style to hold an election to choose its
Colonel, when suddenly word came
that Isaao L Stevens had been appoint,
ed to the command and that he had
been ordered to take the regiment
into Virginia, where the need of sol
diers was urgent. Trouble ensued,
and when Colonel Stevens arrived he
found the regiment in a state of mu
tiny and but two companies obeyed his
order to strike tents.
Colonel Stevens promptly reported
the state of affairs to General Mc
CIellan, who ordered a battalion of
regular infantry, a . battery and two
companies of cavalry to round up the
disaffected regiment and disarm It.
The troops assembled, having mani
festly no choice in the matter, where
upon Colonel Stevens, riding to the
center of the camp, said: "You have
been told that you were to go to your
homes when no such orders had been
given. You are soldiers and your duty
is to obey. I am your Colonel, and
your obedience id due to me. You
must obey me. Fall into the ranks."
The Colonel's voice when he ut
tered these words, says the regimental
historian, "sounded like a trumpet."
Without . further hesitation the men
stepped Into line, then arms were load
ed into wagons and, the lines guard
ed on the flanks by the regulars, the
men were marched to the place des
ignated, where an aide read General
McClellan'8 order depriving the regi
ment of its colors and severely con
demning its insubordination. Then
Colonel Stevens rode down the lines,
ruthlessly picked out the ringleaders,
and they were taken away under ar
rest. The lesson was a severe me so
severe that the reading of it at the
distance of half a century causes the
reader who realizes the inexperience
and already humbled pride of the sol
diers of the Nation at that time to
wince. But so profitable did it prove
that under the enthusiasm of their
commander and his strict administra
tion of discipline the regiment won its
colors back in two months and was
to a man loyal to him. This Is one of
the side stories of history a part of
the folk-lore, so to speak, of as gal
lant a regiment later as suffered and
bled in the bitter stress of civil war.
History itself records the splendid
valor displayed by the Seventy-ninth
New York Regiment in Northern Vir
ginia and its part in the charge at
Chantilly two years after the episode
noted, where, with the cry' "Forward,
my brave Highlanders!" Its gallant
commander, then General Stevens, fell
mortally wounded.
The memory of Governor Isaac I.
Stevens will be honored while a man
remains who at his call took up arms
against a savage foe in Washington
Territory in the middle years of the
past century, while the ability, the
valor and the soldierly qualities Of
Colonel and General Stevens will ever
hold conspicuous place in the archives
of a sorely tried but triumphant and
grateful Nation. This recital of j his
part in an important episode of the
early period of the Civil War serves to
confirm the high regard in which he
was held while in the Pacific North
west in far-away troubled years for
his intrepidity in danger and for the
compelling power of his leadership.
In a bulletin issued .by the United
States Land and Irrigation Exposition,
which will be held in Chicago Novem
ber 18 to December 19, is given a
list of purchasers of space for, exhib
its. Oregon, apparently, has made no
reservations whatever and is so far
assured of no representation other
than that to be given by the rail
road companies which have pur
chased space. On the other hand,
space has been sold for. exhibition Of
Washington products to the Yakima
Valley Exhibit Association, the Walla
Walla Commercial Club, the Cash
mere Commercial Club and the Spo
kane Valley Exhibit Association. The
State of Idaho Is to be officially rep
resented by a state-wide exhibit and
space has been taken by the Southern
Idaho commercial clubs and the Ida
ho division of the Spokane Valley As
sociation. Reservations - also have
been made by California communities.
It is asserted that six-tenths of the
people who have settled In the West
and South have come from within one
night's ride of Chicago and It is pre
dicted that the exposition will have
an attendance of 300,000 to 600.000
people. It appears to be Oregon's
move.
The panic in Germany caused by
the mere fear of war does not imply
that confidence in the invincibility of
German arms which has been often
expressed by the Kaiser. Perhaps it
is a symptom of the change in the
character of the reople. Until they
had fought their way to unity, the
Germans were essentially a martial
people. Now that they have become
a nation of manufacturers and mer
chants, in which a new generation has
been bora and has grown to middle
age since the last war, their thoughts
turn to peace and they regard war
With dread instead of delight.
Science is gradually demonstrating
that desert is only that land which
man has not yet learned to cultivate.
It has now made this demonstration
as to the prairies south of Tacoma.
These prairies contain beneath the
surface abundant streams of water,
which can be cheaply pumped, and
Cultivation will Increase the capacity
of the soil for retaining the moisture
and preventing it3 again sinking
through the gravel. Nature seems to
make such waste places .in Order to
tax the ingenuity, and industry of
man.
The twentieth century Indian ob
jects to being depicted as a warrior
In moving picture shows, but who
would go to see moving pictures of an
Indian plowing or hoeing potatoes?
While the Oregon hen is Changing
her plumage, eggs are selling at a
high price. This is but one of the
reasons why the poultry industry is
profitable In Oregon. .
That the thief of "Mona Lisa" was
a gentleman is evident from his re
fined taste in the selection of paint
ings. He does not descend to cheap
chromos.
Now that the whole force has be
come a moral squad, the man too at
tentive to his wife in public will be
come an object of suspicion.
When a man succeeds in swindling
a swindler like C. D. Hillman the pub
Ho naturally chuckles at seeing the
biter bitten.
Millionaire Stratton made provision
for good use of his money in expend
ing it upon poor people under wise
restriction.
This will be the Winter of discon
tent for the slim sister, for Dame
Fashion 'dictates curves and short
skirts.
The duties of the Portland police
have been extended to include send
ing card-playing husbands home.
Broom corn is at the highest price
in thirty years, despite the influx of
pneumatic contraptions.
Foreign missionaries in China must
expect small results when protection
by warship is necessary.
If everybody can be induced to run
for Sheriff, filling the rest of the of
fices will be easy.
Some of the modern Sam Wellers
will never learn to beware of the
"vidders."
His mother will now get needed
rest. School Opens today.
' The Jones shortage la becoming a
lengthage.
Gleanings of the Day
Stormy times are to be looked for
when the New York Legislature takes
up' the direct-nomination bill which
Governor Dix is urging, and an alliance
of' Barnes, the Republican boss, and
Murphy, the Tammany' boss, to defeat
the bill is predicted. Of the outlook
the Springfield" Republican says:
There may be laws and lawa on this sub
ject, and the utmost Mr. Murphy would
probably concede under high pressure Is one
limiting direct nominations to a very nar
row range of offices. "State wide." how
ever, means all elective state offices exec
utive, legislative and Judicial and un
doubted there are too many such offices
in New York state. The New Yorkers need
a shorter ballot. A number of executive
officials who are now elective should be
made appointive. But these things aside,
the ohlef motive of the opposition in both
parties to a direct nominations law that
would really revolutionize political business
is to preserve the present power of the
party machines. Mr. Barnes and Mr. Mur
phy have no illusions, and at this point
they are agreed. It would not be surpris
ing to Bee them combine to defeat what
ever measure is introduced or urged by the
Democratic Governor, and party lines may
disappear In the struggle. possibly we
shall see more of Governor Dix in a fighting
role than we have hitherto, but that de
pends upon the earnestness of his belief In
the direct nominations system.
An outburst of anti-British senti
ment In the German press anent the
Morocco dispute causes the American
Banker to remark that if Germany
should make war on Great Britain and
France, Russia would Join the latter
two powers, leaving Germany more iso
lated than at any time since the Cri
mean War. It continues:
The element of comedy which Invests the
situation Is heightened by the dramatlo an
nouncement of the Emperor William In a
speech that he and his son, the Crown
frince, were reaay to sacriucs tneir nc
for the defense of their country. It so hap
pens that no Prlnca of the House of Hohen
zollern has aver been under fire since the
Seven Years' war, which ended with tha
treaty of Paris In 1763.
German talk of war, however, borders so
closely on comedy that & serloua discussion
of the question is scarcely warranted by
the facta. Germany could not be less pre
pared for war than at thla time, and so the
foreign office is endeavoring to make a
ferocious bluff to serve Its purpose and
frighten France into an acceptance of Im
possible terms. German statesmen know .
very well that to Invite a conflict with
France and Great Britain would be to undo
the work of 1870. dismember the present
empire and reduce Ita greatest component
state, Prussia, to the level of Italy as a
European power.
The making of gardens and small
parks at railroad stations has increased
to the degree of justifying the exist
ence Of the Railway Gardeners' Asso
ciation, though the gardeners do not
receive much encouragement from rail
road managers In these times of re
trenchment. Yet parks and flower beds
at .stations contribute to the pleasure
of travelers and supply flowers for the
dlnlng-car tables. Sodding of the slopes
In outs also prevents washing and Is
thus a direct saving In maintenance
cost Station parks and gardens are an
Incentive to employes to exercise care,
which saves the company money. The
best argument for gardening is the
fact that its strongest advocates are
the roads which first adopted It.
Decreased earnings caused railroads
operating 60 per cent of the mileage in
the United States to reduce the num
ber of employes 81,780, or 7.6 per cent,
in April, 1911, as compared with April,
1910. During the first five months of
this year net operating revenues de
creased 8.5 per cent, and for the 11
months ending May 31 the decrease
was 7.4 per cent. Commenting on these
figures, the Railway Age-Gazette says:
The railway managers resented Mr. Bran
dels' charge that the roads are Inefficiently
managed. Nevertheless, he stimulated them
to diligence In seeking places to effect sav
ings. Many of the economics -that have
been made have resulted from this and
have not involved any Impairment of the
service to the publio or deterioration of the
properties. On the other hand, some re
trenchments have been made which have
affected service and tha physical condition
of the properties.
Congress may take up at Its next ses
sion the recommendation of President
Taft that the Spanish ships sunk In the
battle of Santiago be floated. Secretary
Knox having expressed the opinion that
they are the property of the United
States. The Almlrante Oquendo lies in
the breakers seven miles west of the
mouth of Santiago harbor, about one
third of her hulk being visible. Wreck
eta have stripped her of everything
portable. Including many thousand gold
coins from her safe, and even the cop
per rivets which held her fixtures in
place. Cervera's flagship, the Vizcaya,
lies eight miles farther down the coast,
a third of her form exposed, . and has
also been stripped by wreckers. The
Cristobal Colon lies at Rio Torquino, 48
miles from Santiago, In four fathoms
of water, and nothing on board her has
been disturbed. This includes a large
amount of money In the safe. As the
water is deep at this point and the land
rises precipitously from the sea, the en
gineers say her salvage will be most
difficult. The fourth warship, the Ma
ria Teresa, which sank In a squall off
Cat Island while being towed to port
after having been raised by Lieutenant
R. P. Hobson, is said to be beyond sal
vage. The torpedo-boats Furon and
Pluton lie submerged near the harbor
entrance of Santiago in comparatively
shallow water. Everything -portable, on
the Pluton, including the safe, has been
recovered, but the Furon has not been
disturbed. .
The New York Chamber of Com
merce has adopted a most laudable
means of avoiding the expense and de
lay of lawsuits. It has adopted a
system of arbitration for the settle
ment of business disputes, by which the
arbitrators decisions can be entered as
judgments In the court and have all
the effect of court decrees. The parties
to a dispute bind themselves volun
tarily to submit It to arbitration, agree
to abide by the award and that a Judg
ment of the Supreme Court may be en
tered. They may either agree on a
sole arbitrator chosen from the 200
official arbitrators of the Chamber or
they may each chOose an arbitrator
,iiaii riea.iiraa.te a third from among
the official arbitrators. Under this plan
praotlcally any numDer oi cases can do
tried at the same time. Approving of
this plan, the New York Evening Post
says:
Where both parties to a controversy want
it settled on Its substantial merits. It is a
thousand pities that they should waste their
own time and money and encumber tha
dockets of the court In a long-drawn-out
process of law. The . tow, being general,
hedges every case about with restrictions
and difficulties that spring from the ne
cessity t guarding against all possible con
tingencies; the arbitrators In a given case
are under no obligation to look into any
thlne but the rights and equities pertinent
to the matter in hand. It Is, therefore no
reflection on the courts to recognize that,
in a very large proportion of commercial
cues, arbitration la Infinitely preferable.
The" Jews of the whole world now
r,mht,- 11.S26.6S6. Of this world popu
lation 1,903,926 reside In America. Only
one other country has a larger jewisn
population, and that is Russia, With
k (183.342. The Dopulatlon of Jerusalem
Is to BS per cent Jewih, and of Lon
don 1.28 per oent
WHAT ARBITRATION PACT BIEAXS
Writer Likens It to Constitution Su
perior to National Sovereignty.
v PORTLAND, Sept. 9. (To the Edi
tor.) International arbitration as sug
gested by President Taft hss a pro
founder meaning than would appear
upon a casual survey of the subject.
That the Senate committee on foreign
relations eliminated the clause confer
ring special powers upon the proposed
Joint high commission serves to ac
centuate the vital point in the sub
ject and to focus the point of conflict.
What this cor. ..uttee did was to refuse
flatly to agree to international arbi
tration, since It insisted unon the risrht
' of the Senate to hold co-ordinate power
with the proposed high commission.
If the Senate reserves the right to
review the acts of such proposed high
commission, then nothing Is gained and
the sovereignty of the contracting
powers remains as before. When this
government was formed Virginia
wanted to come in with a proviso that
she could go out if she wanted to, but
Hamilton announced "that would not
be coming in at all It didn't require
as wise a man as he to say that. The
great reluctance to confer upon the
general government authority supreme
in any respect to that of v lrginia was
the vital point of her opposition to
coming Into the Union of states. If she
could have held on to the power of
reviewing, accepting or rejecting, In
dicating that her sovereignty had lost
nothing, the Union would not have been
formed. This is what the. Senate com
mittee on foreign relations has done.
The sovereignty of the American re
puolic is still intact and the Interna
tional government of three states,
France, England and America Is not
formed. " '
This arbitration move means the for
mation of an International government,
whose authority (yet to be fully defined
In an international constitution) must
be supreme. It means that each na
tion entering it will lose something in
the way of sovereign power, much less
so but In the same sense that a state
has lost something in the way of
sovereign po- er by coming Into the
Union: that our constitutional right to
declare war will be taken from us.
God hasten the day.
It is altogether the greatest move of
this century, and though weaker states
would giadly enter such a government
as a refuge, thinking leas of their
sovereign rights than of their safety,
the American Government at least Is
not ready to yield an lota of Its sov
ereignty without a struggle as indicated
by the action of the Senate committee.
The move is a very grave one and can
well wait a little, as It seems destined
to do. That the American Government
Is to become subject to any other gov
ernment In even a very limited degree
will set all the Jingos to wailing from
Roosevelt down. But this is the price
that must be paid for the assurance
of peace.
The race in the building of dread
noughts will then be declared off and
the international patrol will become
familiar In all the great harbors of
the world. The citizen has been dis
armed and compelled to go to court for
a redress of grievances. This arbitra
tion move means to disarm the citizen
nation and compel It to go to a
world supreme court for redress of
its grievances. That power to en
force the decrees of such court must
be conferred upon this world govern
ment Is a necessity A decree with no
power to enforce it Is void and a Joint
high commission with no authority
superior to any government repre
sented Is a misnomer.
An international congress should be
called to take up the subject in detail,
draft a constitution to be submitted to
each nation for ratification, thus set
ting the world to discussing the matter.
If the three nations mentioned should
ratify such constitution, the govern
ment would be complete as regards
them and other nations could come In
at their leisure. It Is a matter of too
profund a significance to be left to the
whim of a Senate committee.
The WTiter outlined such a govern
ment in The Oregonian many years ago.
with no thought that he might live to
see it realized, but it Is logical and
now seems Inevitable. A nation has no
more right to free and unquestioned
liberty than has the citizen. Society
has been defined by a great lawyer as
a "substitute for private war," so this
great government Is to be a substitute
for public war. J. R. KENDALL.
The Sardine Has a History.
London Globe.
The sardine has been honored with a
history, the writer being no less a per
sonage than a member of the Soclete
Academique, of Nantes. The sardine in
the early days was brought In In small
boats. Then came a police ordinance
in 1738 In the Interest of tha poorer
classes against the monopolist. Owing
to the police ordinance the sardine was
a source of livelihood to the Bretons.
Joseph Cillln, whose name Is still re
vered In Nantes, first prepared the
fish with oil. His venture was a great
success and he had many Imitators. In
1835 there was something like a crisis
in the sardine industry. Millet, who
was the chief curer, had his factory in
dicted as a nuisance, but the difficulty
was overcome by removing It from the
center of the town to the shore. Al-
.1 . , V. famek ft thA C -J V I i 1 II A Wa 51
firmly established. It was only in 1856
that it received it apotheosis. Then
it was shown in the Paris exhibition.
A Civil War Token.
PORTLAND, Sept. 9. (To the Edi
tor.) What Is the following described
coin, and by whom was lvmraieai 11
Is the same size as a cent and on the
face has a plain flag with 13 stars in a
circle around It and the words "The
Flag of Our Union." On the back: "If
Anybody Attempts to Tear It Down,
Shoot Him on- the Spot," with the
word "Dix" in the center, and date
1863. C. B. 8.
The coin referred to is evidently a
Civil War token issued by Governor
Dix, of New York. On page 104 of
William Van Bergen's book, "The Rare
Coin Encyclopedia," it Is stated: "War
tokens were issued by different par
ties during the late war of the rebel
lion. There are about 600 different pat
terns, are of the size of a cent, are
not very valuable and average about
not over half a cent apiece."
Changing; Things Ronnd a Bit,
Chicago Reoord-Herald.
Little Alfred had grown so weary of
being asked by admiring strangers,
"Whose little boy are you?" that one
day he surprised everyone by turning
the tables. Directing his innocent gaze
upon a very young man who was call
ing upon his sister, the child demanded
BVSGtlys
"Whose pape are your
Opportunity.
BY JOHN J. INGALLS.
Master of human destinies am L
Fame, love and fortune on my foot
steps wait,
Cities and fields I walk; I penetrate
Deserts and seas remote; and, passing
by
Hovel and mart and palace, soon or
late
I knock unbidden once at every gate I
If sleeping, wake if feasting, rise be
fore I turn away. It is the hour of fate.
And they who follow me reach every
state
Mortals oeslre, and conquer every fo
Save death; but those who doubt or
hesitate.
Condemned to failure, penury Or woe,
6eek me in vain and uselessly implore
I answer not, and I return no more.
Country Town Sayings by Ed Howe
Copyright. 11111. by George Matthew Adams.
They are saying of a pioneer who
died lately that, as a young man, ha
once killed 27 buffalo in one day, out
on the plains. There is great indigna
tion; people say it was brutal. Don't
worry; he never did it. You know how;
men lie in telling hunting stories.
- When there Is a big fight going on
among Americans, it Is usually not
owing to oppression; It's because the
people love excitement, and opportunity
to beat the torn torn, and tell how much,
they believe In Liberty and Human
Rights.
It always amuses me to see a "good
mixer" working among the people; It Is
as Interesting as a good pointer dog
working among birds.
If you are Industrious and fair, and
have a little modesty and sense, no pub
lic wrong can keep you down.
Why this terrific clamor from gome
women to vote? For a dollar, any
woman can hire a man to vote her big
principles at the rolls; at some polling
places the rate Is even lower than that.
You needn't pick at me; I'm anxious
to do better. I reform a dozen times
a day.
It Is the business of seven out of ten
men to fool you. Look out.
In a marriage, unless both sides do
fairly well, there will be trouble.
When two young men meet who have
not seen each other for some time, they
say: "What are you doing now?" And
when two elderly men meet, they sayl
"How's your health?"
The rules by which men achieve suc
cess are easy; but it Is a big task to be
modest. The best of us are looking for
opportunity to brag.
Half a Century Ago
(From Tha Oregonian. Sept. 11, 1881.)
It is very singular that in all the
accounts and letters wo received of
the overland emigration, no estimate
has been given o-f their numbers. We
only learn that it Is "very large." A
Jacksonville letter-writer says that it
Is equal to the large emigration of
1852.
Shell & Thayer The committee on
elections reported that the constitution
of Oregon fixed the time for the elec
tion of members, of Congress, that the
matter, was beyond the control of the
State Legislature, and that Shell was
entitled to the seat. This report was
agreed to by a majority of one In the
committee. The House accepted the
report.
A gentleman with a mounted tele
scope has been seen . at some of the
street corners In Portland, offering a
sight of the heavens through his In
strument for 25 cents.
It Is rumored here that the Governor
intends to make a call for volunteers
In Oregon, to protect our frontier set
tlements from hostile Indians.
Mr. Parkinson, the new mall con
tractor on the Sound, was unable to
make any arrangement for conveying
the mail during his absence In San
Francisco. The old contractors.
Messrs. Scranton and Fleming, were
left to do this work. They quarreled,
had a genuine knockdown on board
the Eliza Anderson, that boat was tld
up by legal process, no mails are car
ried, and Captain Fleming and D. W.
Lowell have gone down to San Fran
cisco for another steamer. So says the
Steilacoom Herald. ' ...
An Itoniir.ed Forecast.
Trovldence Journal.
The progressive Republicans might
make a strenuous fight in the eonven--tion,
not merely for the nomination' of
Mr. La Follette. but for a platform em
bodying his radical principles. The re
suit would be such a stirring of ani
mosities as has not occurred in any Re
publican National convention since 1896.
Senator Cummins said the other day that
the great problem in the convention
would be to ae;r?e upon a definition of
protection. With the Wisconsin dflfl
gat'on solidly at liis back, ready to in
sist upon his theories. Mr. La Follette
will be In a position to create a dra
matlo disturbance if he so desires. Fail
ing In his attempt to enforce his ideas
the W'sconsin delegates might march
out of the hall and other delegate.
might follow them, for the Wisconsin
Senator has many friends In the West,
and it is certain that there will be La
Follette delegates in the convention
from othor states than his own. A sep
arate convention would then be In or
der, a convention of protest, to wh'cli
progressive Democrats, as well as pro
gressive Republicans, would bo invited.
It would nominate Mr. La Follette by
acclamation, probably put a Democrat
In the field as its candidate for Vice
President, and frame a radical platform,
calculated to satisfy La Follette Re
publicans and Bryan Democrats alike.
How large a fisure this ticket would
cut on election day is a sorloua ques
tion. It mlsht carry Wisconsin and a
few other Western states, as the Wea
ver ticket carried Colorado, Idaho, Kan
sas and Nevada In 1892. It might con
ceivably prevent a majority for either
of the old party candidates in the elec
toral college, in which event the elec
tion would be thrown Into the House of
nonrsentatives. In that case each
state would have a slnglo vote, the can
didates being restricted to those, not
exceeding three, voted for in the elec
toral collesru. It is conceivable that at
this last stage of the contest also th.
friends of Mr. La Follette would hold
the balance of power.
Largest Beryl In the World.
George F. Kunz in the Mineral In
dustry. On March 28, 1310, In the State of
Mlnaa Geraes, Brazil, was found the
largest crystal of precious beryl, aqua
marine, ever seen. This crystal
weighed 110.5 kilograms, was 19 Inches
high and from 15 to 16 H inches in
its varying widths. It was greenish
blue and so transparent that one ooulrl
see through it from end to end. The
finder was a Turk, who realized 5-5.-000
fT it. This crystal would furnish
200,000 carats of varying sizes, and
Is absolutely unapproachable In Its
union of strength and quality.
' ,
R-ew Telephone Invention.
DALLAS, Or., Sept. 7. (To the Edi
tor ) There has been an Instrument In
vented by which a person at one end
of a wire can see the transferred Image
of a person at the othor end. What Is
Its name, and where can I find Infor
mation about it? J. W. T ILL60N.
An instrument called the tellevue was
exhibited In Portland during the Lewis
and Clark Exposition, and was invented
by a Mr. Fowler, wjiose address at last
aooounts was San Diego, Cal.
Xo.
WALKER, Wash., Sept. 8. (To the
Editor.) Will you please tell me f
there Is a bank In Portland doing busi
ness in Portland by the name of the
"Old National Bank?"
JAY E. MOSHER.
There Is no "Old National Bank" In
Portland.
Monday, September 3.
FOR LJUAii-, rtfpi.. o- v-v
tor.) Please Inform me on what day
and date Labor day was observed in
1906, OLD BUBSUKIBUK.