TITE MORNING OREGOXIAX, TUESDAY, JULY 11, 1911. 8 rORTLIND, OKK.ON. Eatered at Portland. Oregon FoatofTlea aa Sf-n4-f'iu Matter. ube.rtpUoa itatae Invariably In JWdvance. (BT M1IU) TaVy. Sunday tnetudad. on year. eo !:, haaday Inrluded. e!i months..... 4.2 lUr. S'jn-Uy Included, three) manlhl... XJ3 lel.y. Senday lnrludad. one ra'inth. lin"ut sunoar. ml year laiiy. wttnout unaay. six months.. PillT. without feuatiay. una month.. Weekly, one yaar...... ....... 1? .an 1.9i f-'jrMay, ,114 TMr 2 SO feuaxiAjr and Weekly, ana year. sou (BT CARRIER.) rt'r. Suader Included, oft, ye.ir. . AO Ie;:y. oundav included, obt math.. ... - - Haw ta Kamlt end PietolTlce money arear. iprts uruer or personal cherk on your local tank. Mtampi. coin or currency ara at tha HiJrri r-.a. Olve poeiofflee a-wres ta ro.l. Inrludlns county an 1 state. rwwr Rat 10 to 14 pu. 1 rant; 1 to 2 pa-ea. 2 casta: 8' to mim, S centa; to , pasea. 4 cents, forifa poataa Bvuo.a rata. t aataraj rlaafneae Otflrra Verre a CtiH l'n N Tre, Krnaeelck bullions Chl- rao. stea-ar Sulltllns. rRTUD. n tsUAI. Jl I.T II. 1IL ox erA&ixo tbc a l1dajit?y Dr. F. W. Van Dyke I" Cot much of a believer In the Angelic theory of th nature of children. We '111 not go so far a-a to say that he would call them all little Imps of Satan, but from his presidential ad dreaat at tha opening of tha State Med ical Foclety we are constrained to In fer that ha pins hie faith to the an cient and respectable doctrine of total depravity, lie emphatically Indorses the opinion that "all children will lie and steal" "that cruelty it Inborn in lys." that "the Joy of killing some thing Is well marked. and to cap the ft-arful climax he seems to hint that our lax methods of parental discipline tend to deepen the dye of the evil tr-its which nature had planted In the infant sou I. While we are not prepared to Insist upon the formal morality of little chil dren, we think it proper to caution the public against taking their sins too seriously. The lying that children do ! something very different from the ,c:ibvra:e mendacity of their elders. The Infant mind require a certain amount of experience before It can Craw a clear distlnctlno between the Inner and the outer world. The two series of "states." the Internal and the external, which play such a part in Herbert Spencer's psychology are only a single series until events have sep arated them to the intelligence. The child must wait for this to happen and in the meantime he necessarily treats the figments of his Imagination almost as he does the reports of his senses. Hence If he Is a liar his sin Is venial. He cannot help committing It. It is much the fame with the little hoy's stealing, and perhaps also with the little girl's. The distinction be tween rneum and tuum. as all philos ophers agree. Is not natural. That is to say. it Is created by society for so cial purposes. In the world as man originally found It this distinction did not exist. Dr. Van Dyke himself says that "children are In their Instincts and desires primitive men." There fore they take the world as primitive man did and, regard as their wn whatever they happen to want. So If we eonsent to brand our infants as liar, and thieves It must be with the proviso that their crimen are InstlrV tire and Inevitable. I'ntll they can be born mature they will continue to be born with Imperfectly developed morals. Indeed complete morality is the highest intellectual state to which man ever attains. Many persons never reach It before death calls them to a haprler sphere. But we say this merely to relieve me-hat the somberness of the stain on the infant character, not by any means to deny that the stain exists. It Is there even with the most angelic Indeed, too much of the external angel la a child U a bad sign. It Is only too apt .to Indicate that within there Is a superfluity of the imp. The relieving thought is that the stain, dark as it Is. need not be indelible. It can Ve erased by education, and here la where we Join hands with the eloquent and -wrathful doctor. Nature has done her best te make our beloved offspring end on the gallons or In the peniten tiary, and we fond and futile parents do little or nothing to thwart her baneful purpose. Instead of chastis ing ot:r chllJren. we. as Dr. Van Dyke -. "tdoltie them." Especially is the "only child" set on a pedestal and wor shiped. The doting mother narrates his wonderful performances to the guests at luncheon, the boy sitting by end drinking It all In. The father bores his visiting friends with the mar vets the Infant prodigy has wrought while the prodigy listens and plans t jture miracles of magnified naughti ness. The simple truth of the matter is that the ordinary American parent, of e'rher sag. completely falls to do his Z-V'T y his children in the way of caJii'ivMng their Inborn devtllshnes. Jr. far from eradicating It they do ':: they can to encourace it by fulsome Matry. by neglect of discipline, by Taollab Indulgence. Is It any wonder " a., as Dr. Van Dyke declares, our children grow up to be nuisances neg-Jas-nful of their plainest social duties roi too selfish to admit the rights of Oars ? A man who has been edu cd to think his will the law of the liiFrersa. Is not to be blamed If he oaas the statute law when It stands he wwy of his desires. When he T as beam trained by Ms parents to con s!.W himself the only person In the wrU of any consequenre. It Is not avirpr-atrg If be develops Into a cruelly ih man. Social morality has not Traor. Implanted In the human heart by tho Lord. It Is a matter of education and simple, and If the education s neglected the morality la never at tained. Much lees will it be attained !f the person Is educated away from morality by the silly Idolatry of weak tr.lmled parents. The long and short of It is tliat the human lnfsnt Is a little brute and his proper training cannot be carried through without a certain amount of b7-utailty. There are times when the father's hope and the mother's Jy must feel the tingle of a hickory switch tn his skin or suffer serious moral detriment. To whip a bad boy is not cruelty. It la often the greatest favor that can he conferred on him. since if rescues him from moral wreck. Occa sionally a good, sound thrashing is the i-nly thing that will convince a boy of the supremacy of right and bring to h:s attention the value and besnty of fh moral I so. As to cruelty, that la a aide topic. In our opinion it Is more rrua to make a boy lie abed all day for e'ealirg aplae than 1t la to thrash him and have does with It. Many of the S4-ca!!e1 "humar.s" p jnlshmer.ts. athich, fiaodd parental ladulfenco. has i devised are Incomparably more brutal In essence than tho old-fashlonod ap peal to the roe. Take, for example, the sentimentalizing which goes on in some refined families. The boy must not pick daisies because "the mother daisy grieves over the death of her dear little ones." and so on. This Is not only inane, but It is the worst kind of cruelty because It p'.:ts the wretched boy fataily out f touch with the re alities of the svorl 1. HALF-WAY .MTEAerKKS. If Urother Ciim. who ridicules local option and prohibition, before the Christian convention, will tarry a while In Oregon, he will get testimony from many sources to convince him that he has made a mistake, and from other sources that he has not. Here there are about twenty counties with local prohibition. A traveler through Ores-on recently reported that the law was not enforced in some of the counties. Indifferently enforced in others and rigidly enforced In a few others. It denends on the community. If there is a strong and active sentiment against liquor, ltquor-eelllng and liquor drinking. It will manifest itself In the election of otlicers who will aee that the law is obeyed. If the community is divided, or If In any city or town prohibition haa been Imposed ngalnst local feeling, there the saloon has been replaced, by the deadfall.- the speak easy, the locker, the bootlegger and the boKus soft-lrlnk emporium. That Is local option in Oregon and everywhere. Urother Crtm thinks It hopeless to expect lasting reeults from it But through It the community that prefers aridity and sobriety can stay dry. sober and peaceful; the people who want the other thing get it Urother Crtm Is weary with the effort to reform people against their appe tites and will. He would go to the source of the evil by destroying the distillery and the brewery. Hut the brewery and the distillery are only half way on the road to the real origin of all the mischief. If liquor-making and llquor-drtnklng are to be reme died onlv by going to the fountain head, the only sound way is to abollsn the hopyard. the wheat field, the corn field, rye. sugar cane, rice, potatoes and other abundant products from which beer, whisky and other liquors are mail a. What is the use of any half-way mensurest tOE BR YAK TTU-eT TVTWONT Sir. Bryan quotes in his Commoner from the Sioux City (la.) Journal an ajilt 1 which he captions "A Republl can Newapaper on "Bryan"1.' " and which contains expressions that evl dently reflect the present Bryan view of an interesting public subject. The Sioux City paper describes consecu tively the several defeats of Mr. Bryan, but finds that while the country de feated Bryan because he was Bryan, It elected Taft because he was for Bryanlsm or the twin Rooscveltlsm. or it thought he was. It defeated Bryan In 1398 because he was a radical; It elected Taft In 108 because it had become a fixed National habit to re ject Bryan. But it has become great ly dissatisfied with President 'iait ne- cause he Is not more like Bryan. Now, continues the Journal: Tha ritemocratlr Dartv Is looking for sura enough radical to oppoaa Taft. If It .fi tha naht man It ronnd'ntlr ba- lm ha can be ale.-td ovr Taft by a largo a majority aa Talt nan over nry In toe ronfui'd rampalsn of !!. Tha talk n. la that Wooriruar H'Hion Is the right .a ir ha ran Mcurf the Indnraem nt of Jiryan. Wllaon la a fjnuar conrvain ho turned radical alter raiicaiim nma boeo mail, fashionable through tna inula tire at Bryan. If Wilson turned his tack on his ncient conservatism when he had be- coaie "fashionable" through the initia tive of Bryan, for that reason. It may be supposed there Is some doubt In Bryan's mind aa to whether he is a sure enough radical. Are there any sure-enough radicals besides Bryant Mr. Bryan arrears to accept compla cently and approvingly the Journal'i statement thai the right man must se cure the Indorsement of Bryan. But how nearly can anybody be right who took to the cyclone cellar In the dark das of ' and who emerged only when the political fashions had changed? There la only one Bryan man that Mr. Bryan can unconaltlon lonally trust. Putting his O. K. on one's residuary legatee as a Presidential nominee Involves a grave responsibil ity and equally grave consequences, as Mr. Bryan may leavrn by consulting Mr. Roosevelt. IIOVT uRS.IT Ay ELEMENT IS Hf-XT What part dooa luck play In one's success! Is the question which has been put to a number of distinguished Frenchmen and their answers vary widely, from a denial that there is such a thing as luck to an admission that luck plays the chief part In all things. Paul Deroulede sal.l that the recipe for success was one-quarter luck to three-quarters perseverance. But several Insist that luck amounts to lit tle, some putting It as low as 10 per cant. Most precise of all Is a member of the Academy of Medicine, who says: ftuoeaaa la made up of Intalllgenca. ra pacity and luck. At eheae talent miani la par cant and chance nil; but at reuletta chance meane loO per cant and talvnt nil. Itwen thaaa two extramae He an poaai bllltlea Succeaa, I ahuu.d say. needs 60 per rent InteKiitenre. 10 per cent lnduatry and SO per rant luck. lint theaa flgur-a ahnuld be taken a prbdurta, not a addi tion. If any of tneae thraa farultlea or poetera la nil. then the result will be nil. too. After all la aaid and dona, the question whether we have been born Intelligent la Itself a matter ot chance or luca. l nere ta no woraa atroka of bad luck than to be bora a fooL Jules Lemaltre thinks there la no such thing as luck. "What we call luck Is the belief in some equalizing power: an Idea born of the innate In stinct of Justice in man." And at tho other extreme is the composer Masse net, who says: Tea, I believe In luck especially in others." But If the chess-players opponent makes a false move which leaves him an opening, is that not luck which re duces below 100 the percentage of tal ent entering into success? At roulette a winning player must exercise Intel ligence, in order to know when to stop playing, hence his success is not due entirely to luck. Luck in some degree corresponds to that "tide in the affairs of men hich. taken at the flood, leads on to fortune. l he quotation from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar continues: Omitted, all the voyage of their life la bound In shallows and In mlaetiea. Industry Is required to get into the tide, perseverance must be exercised to keep In It and not be diverted by some side current and Intelligence must be used to know when it Is at the flood and take it then. What Is commonly called luck Is a !arg element In the lives of all men, but men are too often called lucky be cause their fellows do not kjiow or J are unwilling to admit the qualities of mind and character which have con trlbuted to the so-called stroke of luck On the other hand, the chronic failure, the human derelict is prone to blame his "rotten luck" for "slings of for tune." which are nothing but the fruit of his own follies, either of commis slon or omission, for the last person such an one is willing to blame is himself. In short, good luck Is the scapegoa of thlse who see others achieve where they have fallen short and bad luck Is tha scapegoat of those who have failed. If each man exercises the seV' eral qualities which the Frenchmen mention perseverance, industry and intelligence his share of luck is pretty- apt to come and do him some good If he lacks those qualities he will waste the fruits of the greatest stroke of luck and fortune, being a "fickle Jade," is likely never to return. REVISING THE nECUABATION. It strikes one that some of the crit los of ex-President Kliofs Fourth o July address In Faneull Hall did no read it very carefully before they be gan to pour forth their reflections. One commentator records that Dr. Eliot, referring to the statement that all men are created equal, "bluntly speaks of It aa a lie." What the distinguished orator really said was that "the state ment la manifestly not true In every sense." Who ever dreamed that It was? Are not some men fat by nature and some lean, some muscular and some feeble. sumgVpoete and some painters? What Jefferson meant was that all men are born equal before the law, that they re born with a Just claim to equality of opportunity in the world. Once given the opportunity, it Is their own fault If they fall to improve it. Again, Dr. Kllot remarked that some time, he hoped, education would clear away the "error that every Journeyman In the same trade should receive the same sAages. that the hours of labor during the day should be the same in all occupations." and so on. Note that Dr. KItot calls these propositions "errors," but his critic counts them "among the things which he would have in his new Declaration of Inde pendence," Is this not excellent fool ing? It requires some little "gall" first to quote a man as saying the ex act opposite to what he did say and then gravely scold him for doing it. The remarkable point In Dr. Eliot's address was his Insistence upon the economic motive underlying human affairs. He reasoned that tha Dec laration of Independence was written to correspond to the economio condi tlons of a time when the citizenry of the country was composed largely of farmers, all In fairly comfortable cir cumstances; without Industrial prob lems and without social misery. If it were to be rewritten now, he went on to speculate. It would probably be made to Jibe with current economic conditions. Instead of the old insist ence upon political freedom he de clared that It would call for industrial freedom because the public lnconven lences which then flowed from pollt leal tyranny have now been replaced by others arising from industrial tyr anny. This is too obvious to startle any. reasonable person, but even If it were the hottest radicalism, Faneull Hall would have found It well In line with familiar traditions. The audience room which has heard so many radical and revolutionary speeches could hard ly have been much disturbed by the cautious and restrained remarks of a great scholar upon the manifest con ditlons of the life around him. THE WORLD'S UUUiEST LIBRARY. The new public library that was opened with great ceremony In New Tork recently is housed in the largest single building in the world devoted to this purpose. It has a floor space of I7&.000 square feet compared with 146.000 In the great library of Con gress afAVashington, and represents a combination formed by the Astor Li brary, which was Incorporated in 1849, the Lenox Library, Incorporated In 1870, and the Tilden Library, Incor porated In 1887. The total endowment of the three foundations la 18,446, S00 and the new Institution started out with 378,000 books on its shelves. The main reading-room on the top floor is 295 feet long. 77 feet wide and 60 feet high. the lofty celling painted to repreaent the sky with drifting clouds. The Influence of the effort and op portunity represented by this great and artistic building with Its hundreds of thousands of books and the Invita tion and even enticements on every hand to read, study and acquire Infor mation, Is beyond computation. Even aftetr It haa left Its stamp upon suc cessive generations of men this chap ter in lis history will remain un written. A great and growing Institu tion, an object lesson. In the progress of human Intelligence, It will simply take its place among the forces of civilization that lay a shaping hand upon the destinies of the race. DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL BOOMS. If the next President should be an Ohioan, his name will be Taft, not Harmon. Not every Democrat who Is elected Governor of a normally Re publican state can be regarded as good Presidential timber. There was quite a crop of them last year, but the only one who haa succeeded In enlisting any following outside his own state is Wilson, of New Jersey. An attempt has been made to Inflate a boom for Marshall, of Indiana, but the gas leaked out through many pin holes in the envelope. Publicity has everything to do with the Inception of Presidential booms. Whatever achievements Harmon has to his credit have not been noised abroad to the extent that Wilson's feats have been. Wilson was a pictur esque figure through having fceen a president of Princeton, a university of National fame, and few college presi dents have gone into politics with any remarkable success. There was natural curiosity to see what sort of a Governor a pedagogue would make and the opportunity for publicity was good through New Jersey's proximity to New Tork, the news center of. the country. When Wilson proceeded to win one battle after another, to bowl over the bosses like tenpins and to force the Legislature to carry out platform pledges) which had been adopted only to bunco the voters, the attention of the country became fas tened on him. He riveted this atten tion by his Western tour. In which he recommended progressive measures without the usual red fire of the in surgentsnamely, furious denuncia tions of the "interests." He had caught the public ear. he stood In the lime light, and Harmon could arouse but a languid Interest. Wllson'a jaoet riouv rival appear to be Champ Clark, of Missouri, which state has become a' good source of Presidential timber since It became doubtful In Presidential years. Clark's prospects are somewhat complicated by the pledge of support given Folk at the state convention in 1910, but as a candidate for President Folk is a back number. He might have secured the nomination while the Impression of his prosecution of the St. Louis grafters was fresh In 1904, had not Bryan secured such an unbreakable grip on the nomination, but since then the Missouri Supreme Court has undone his work and it has passed into history. Folk is left over from a for mer crop of candidates. Clark, on the other hand, comes with the flush of victory in 1910 and with the pres tige of the Speakership. If the Democrats should name Clark for President, It is within the range of possibility that the Republicans might retaliate by naming ex-Governor Hadley, of Missouri, for Vlce-Pres-klent on the ticket with Taft. Hadley has made a fine record both as Attorney-General and Governor. In the former capacity he co-operated with Folk, then Governor, in anti-graft prosecutions and became a National figure through his successful prosecu tion of the Waters-Pierce Oil Com pany for combining with the Standard, of other trusts and of race track gamblers. He continued his good rec ord aa Governor and has contributed largely to make Missouri a Republi can state. Casualties of pence were reported as the result of gun vibrations on the Eastern shores of Virginia and Mary land during the sinking of the old bat tleshlp San Marcos by the twelve-Inch guns of the New Hsmpshlre. These consisted in the killing of hundreds of unhatched chickens and thousands of hard-shelled crabs. Farmers and crab packers in the sone affected by these vibrations have filed a strong protest with the Navy Department Against a repetition of this slaughter of the innocents by further gun tests in Chesapeake Bay. Reprisals upon Industry and destruction of property In time of war are unavoidable and must be borne with patriotic stoicism. but gunplay In time of peace arouses no such response. It remains to be seen whether the Government will take this view of the matter and move out to sea the next time it puts up one of its old naval craft as a target. The National Educational Associa tion la fighting again the battle be tween, the old and new, the past and present, the ornamental and the use ful. The conservative universities are ruled by veneration for the great works of the past; the progressive Western universities and schools are Inspired by the thought of great works to be done in the future and by desire to fit the growing generation to do them. They have use for the works of the past only so far as they aid in doing greater works in the future. They would shape the brain and hand to do the work of the world and con sider" that the most beautiful which best serves man's ends. The conserv ative East would beautify first and make utility a secondary consideration. Secretary Meyer's plan to have the battleship fleet divide its time between the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts is grat ifying evidence that the East at last realizes that the Pacific States are not a mere distant colonial possession, but are as much a part of the United States as are the Atlantic States. But Mr. Meyer need not wait for the com pletion of the canal, near as it is. Now is a good time to send the fleet. She was indeed a sensible mother who met her eloping son and his young bride at the Union Depot in this city last Sunday with kisses and con gratulations. It is the part of wis dom under such circumstances to ac cept the situation, not only without useless protest, but with amity. Just think of the grandchildren! The professional arbitrator is the latest in labor affairs. The Kansas coal miners and operators have Joint-, ly employed W. L. A. Johnson In that capacity and hope thereby to end strikes. They may have many imita tors until the walking delegate or business agent Is supplanted. Bruce, the Chesapeake spaniel, is out of place on a farm and knows it. He should be the pet of some childless rich woman, with his own valet, has msrble bathtub and all the other fol derols of a poodle. He is as out of place on a farm as the woman fitted to be his mistress woulif be. The latest crop estimate by the Government shows that everything that grows Is about one-fourth or more short of normal and will. In conse quence, command good prices. There Is but one way to beat the game di minish consumption and acquire bet ter health. If Captain Farla delayed landing the passengers of the 8anta Rosa In re sponse to orders from the owner;, as dispatchers -state, the law should have some dealings with the company's of- Clals who gave the orders. John Keats sang pathetically of the owl that "for all his feathers was a- cold." A news dispatch tells of the pitiable plight of John D. Rockefeller, who, for all his money, s "a-hot." Poor rich man! There Is one thief beyond the power of Sheriffs to arrest and of courts to punish, as Sheriff Bonn, of Lane County learned when the wind whisked a check out of his hand. Early apples from The Dalles are crowding late strawberries from many parts, and between them the market s well supplied with all the fruits that make Portland famous. One big thing to the credit of Post master-General Hitchcock Is the raise In pay he is giving to the rural deliv ery carriers. They earn the money in the hardest kind of work. One of the demonstrations in con struction of blg office buildings Is that the best-paid men are the slowest to quit when the whistle blows. Pedestrians have right of way on the crosswalk, but will be better off by using a little vigilance. Depend upon it, everybody in Atlan tic City will know that Portland, Or.. Is on the map. Nat Goodwin has a good memory. Most men forget about all but tha first and, latesK Gleanings of the Day That crops of grain, potatoes and other food plants may be Increased not only by rotating them with crops of leguminous plants, but by actually mixing the seeds and growing the two crops together, has been proved by T. L. Lyon and James A.vBlzzell, of Cornell University. Such leguminous plants as alfalfa, clover, peas, beans and vetches manufacture their own fertilizing nitrates, which not only In crease the following crops of grain in quantity, but also Increase their per centage of grain, which Is the tissue building substance of food. The Cor nell experimenters have discovered that not only may the soil be stored with nitrogen compounds by turning under the leguminous growths for fu ture crops, but "the growth of legumes may also furnish nitrogenous food to other plants growing with them," and "then influence the nitrification of the soli besides." They Increase the per centage of protein In timothy from 12.75 to 16.6s by sowing it with alfalfa and from 17.19 to 24.66 by mixing its seeds with red clover. Oats which sown alone yielded 3750 pounds of hay to the acre Increased the yield to 4850 pounds when sown with peas, while another lot of oats which yielded 2900 pounds alone Increased to 3900 pounds when sown with peas. By this method. too, the nitrification f the soil con tlnues long after harvest- Sir Charles Watson, speaking at a meeting of the Palestine Exploration Fond, . referred to his recent visit to Palestine and the explorations being carried on at Beth Shemtsh by D. Dun can Mackenzie, says a London dispatch to the New York Sun. During the past year the White Fathers of St. Anne have discovered the site of the church erected by the Empress Helens, mother of Constantino, on the Mount of Olives, over the sacred cave in which, according to tradition, Christ sat and taught his disciples. The church was completely destroyed by the Persians In the sixth century, and its situation and that of the cave were quite unknown. Sir Charles said Dr. Mackenzie and his assistants had found several pe riods of construction, the earliest dat ing very far back. Great quantities of pottery of all ages had been found, but bad not yet been classified. Va rious flint Implements and bronze and Iron objects had been found, while other articles belonged to an Egyptian occupation, possibly of the 18th dy nasty. , In a debate on the Aldrloh National reserve plan at the recent convention of the New Tork Bankers' Association, E. C. McDougal, of Buffalo, said: . Ona gentleman here today said something about tha fact that whan legislation of this kind la Introduced by bankera tney would Just aa soon trust criminals to formulate the criminal laws and other classes of tha communities to formulate lawa to apply to them. I know, too. In eome cases, the bankera era to blame for that, I think, and In soma waya they are not. They ara to blame for this reason. I think wa will ad mit that we ourselves very seldom recom mend and bring In legislation which la primarily for the beneAt of our depositors, unless It aeema to ba at tha same time for the benefit of our stockholdera. Now. there la where the bankers ara wrong. We ahoutd bo first to bring In measures for tha benefit of our depositors for the benefit of the general public The next reason la that we are kept ao busy defending ourselves, there are ao many attacks on us oy the Legisla ture that wa do not give very much time to originating any lawa for the benefit of our depositors. But the banka should realise that helr first consideration should be tor their depositors, and for the soundest pos sible banking system and that their stock holdera will be well taken care of on that basla. ' Mr. McDougal has put his finger on the cause of much of the distrust of legislation. Bankers go to the Leg islature to see that their interests are guarded in new laws and pay no at tention to the depositors, without whom they could not exist. Manufac turers,, merchants and fisheries do the same with regard to the interests they represent, ignoring the people who buy their goods. If they would do some thing to, help "tho other fellow" the depositor or the customer the other fellow would help them to safeguard their interests by. proper legislation. A battle between clans at Point Creek Church, Whitley County, Ken tucky, Is taken by the Louisville Cour ier-Journal as the test for a lecture to the Legislature on how to civilize the mountains and backwoods. Three Gal- amore brothers went to the church with the avowed intention of breaking up the services, and driving out the four Swain brothers and were sent to glory by the Swains, who plead self-defense and recall a previous attack by the Galamores in support of the plea. Commenting on the enoounter, the Courier-Journal says: Encounters such aa tha Qalamore-Bwatn battle do not occur where the highways are broad and smooth, where the little country echoolhouaes ara aufTlolently numerous and ell conducted, and where Industrial pros perity lifts the people above the necessity or llvtna- In primitive homes and laboring tinder the disadvantage of the limitation ot their mental horlson to the natural horlxon created by the eurroundlng hills. Whitley County's backwooda dlatncta are not repre sentative of Kentucky, as Is believed In a considerable part of the United States, thanks to the wide exploitation of tha de tails ot such picturesque affrays as that re ported from Williamsburg, but they are a part of Kentucky, nevertheless. Tha people of tna state owe n to tnemeeivea to pro vide a avste-ro of taxation, highways and schools that will give the people of the backwooda an opportunity to develop the abilities and virtues to which their excel lent Anglo-Saxon blond entitles them. The residents of the rich bluegraas counties upon -which prosperity has smiled for a century shirk a plain duty when they oppose liberal lawa for road building upon the ground that they would benefit pauper ooonttea rather than their own section. And legislators who play peanut politics at Frankfort and refuse to conalder tax bills that aim at bringing capital into Kentucky, at developing the natural resources of the mountains aa well as bringing a greater number of milts and factories to other parts of the state, are guilty of criminal neglect of their duty as law makere. The white man's burden Is not sviways black. There Is a fttortage of candidates for midshipman at Annapolis. Only 300 appeared to fill 450 vancancles and only 140 of these passed the tests. Allow ing for the usual number of failures, there should have been 700 or 800 can didates to fill all the vacancies. A Terrific Romance, Almost. Answers, London. He took the proffered gloveless hand In his, while high above them blew soft breezes, which, descending, fanned the stifling air that sought to stew them as they stood there face to face. Her brows were raised. What Joy to Via ao naai this mieen of Smtlina STraCe. to hold her hand so tenderly! Tha Ano-aea raat. allm And WhitA. for one brief moment on his palm. And yet his face showed no aengni, nis massive chest betrayed no qualm. A- . Vans a hAVS rtlMnArseo' the heated air and flies, he said, wlth-j out a sign of love: "Si and a- half, ma'am, ia j-oui size," BALLIXGER ASO POPULAR WILL Writer Likens ex-Secretary to Alarm lata ta Early Days of Nation, PORTLAND July 5. (To the Editor.) I note the recent statements of ex Secretary R. A. Baillnger challenging present-day popular government by the people. It is to be regretted that in this day of printed page, rural free mall deliv ery and generally discussed social and economic affairs by the people, one as learned as Mr. Baillnger should, bring forth the same argument that was made against popular government by the framers of our National constitution. With the limited knowledge of state affairs when compared with the pres ent day then prevailing among the common people and with a large per cent of the citizens disqualified through a property franchise right, the demand was even then so strong as to cause fear for the adoption of the National Constitut'on If submitted to the people for ratification. At the so-called constitutional con vention, which was never called for that purpose, Elbridge Gerry, of Massa chusetts, said: "I am afraid' to submit the proposed constitution to the peo ple." , Mr. Madison afterward President was afraid the majority would oppress the wealthy minority and said: "In a Republican form of government, the ma jority, if united, have always an op portunity" to defeat the ruling mi nority. His plan was to keep them divided and thus destroy their unity of action through conflicting interests of representation Mr. Rutledge. of South Carolina, had no faith in the people. He said: "If this convention had been chosen by the people In districts it is not supposed that such proper characters as com posed that body would have been pre ferred." Listen to Mr. Baillnger at Aber deen's celebration July 4, 1911: Will not every ona say who candidly sur veys the situation, that the tendency to legislate In our constitutions, to weaken our representative system, to leave to the pop ulace the decision and disposition of public functions which dSmand the deliberate con aideratlon of men of wisdom and of special selection. Is destructive of the liberty sought to be secured by our constitutional system, and, most of ail. produce a mutable policy . Is this not the same spirit that ruled the self-imposed constitutional conven tion of revolutionary war times, when we had not a smattering of the knowl edge of economics that prevails today? This same issue was loudly proclaimed during the agitation for the adoption of the Initiative and referendum. In this state, which today stands In popular favor with our people and Is fast pre paring every state In the Union for a similar privilege. The Issue is fully demonstrated, not in fiction but in fact, that the people are the government. Their manage ment may not be to the liking of the special Interests; neither is it neces sary that their actions and legislation be always perfection. Their mistakes are as easily corrected as are the mis takes of an arbitrary representative body and their blunders far less In number and magnitude. The fact remains that the people are fast coming to the management of their state affairs by a more direct method. The general education and common knowledge, as the legitimate offspring of the common or public school system, has prepared the people to surmount ev ery possible objection for complete, democratic self-government. Every impediment placed in the path of prog ress by any autocratic power will only add to the force that will sweep It away. Flowery words and fine techni calities fall to stay the pending changes demanded by an educated populace; and we sweep irresistibly on. C, W. BARZEB. Pedestrian Has Slim Chance. Buffalo (New York) News. Here was a case where It seemed a If ,1'trvihlnr was settled. The In snrance company's doctor had reported rt to he nil rierht. and the man himself had certified that he was not engaged in any aangerou Aiinnatlnn 'T laaH a naripntnrv life." he told h.m "t work In ttn office and we have no danger or excitement. "How about the sports? the exam iner asked. "Do you football? Base ball? Do you box? Do you belong to an athletic club?" "No none of that stuff. I guess I m a sate risk. "Do you scorch?" "What do you mean?" "Do you drive your car faster than the speed limit?" "I have no car." "What? How do you get about?" "I walk." "Rlolr mfuaori ' A Rrnrph,!- l- a. rlan- grerouB risk, but a pedestrian has no chance at ail. Buy a car, oia man Sorry good night!" THE HOTHOUSE METHOD. Professor Boris Sldis claims the train ing of the kid la Not everything it should be in our nroarresslVA day: That his system psychologic should supplant the pedagogic Methods that at present hamper us on , learning's thorny way. The Sldis system drastic grabs tho mind when it is plastic. And early is the twig inclined toward mathematlo lore. "Til a youth of seven Winters can knock Euclid Into splinters. While most of his contemporaries balk at "four times four. With Baby's milk dentation, comes Demosthenes oration. An almost simultaneous growth like nuDDvdogs and fleas And bis convolutions can knit rings around the Persian bansant. Where our present system binds him to the simple A B Cs. He-can argue on extension to a fourth or yfth dimension. And can draw dodekahedrlgons whatever those things be While a lad of the old system never heard of them or missed era From his limited arithmetic or his geometry. When the prodigy Is twenty, then his learning will be plenty To confound the deepest scientists and thinkers of the age. And then if he be alive still at the age of twenty-five, will Rank him up, to put it mildly, as the Dickens of a sage. But the thing that puzzles me now is the fact I cannot see how. With his baby bites of Sanskrit, and bis boyhood, science filled. He will have a chance of learning. when the Autumn leaves are turn ing. Where crabapples ripen thickest, and where chestnuts have been spuiea. Will the lines of "Do Corona" give unto the boy alone a Clue by which he can translate with ease the lansruaee of his dog? Will the fourth or fifth dimension e'er improve on that invention Of a forked stick with which to twist a rabbit from a log? After all. Professor Sldls may have am ple right to Old us To plunge straight out from the xeaia into 1aarninars crabbed land. But myself I really can t see, but that childhood's age or rancy Is lots shorter than the most of us would have It, as it stands. -i Dean Collins, Portland, Advertising Talks Br William C Freamaa, I received a letter from Frederick Edward McKay, from Seattle, recently. He Is now manager and half owner of "The Yankee Girl" company. In which his wife. Miss Blanche Ring, is star ring. While in Seattle Mr. McKay wrote an article which appeared in tha Post-ln-telllgencer at the head of the dramatic department. On this subject he writes: "As I read my own paragraph a sec ond time, it occurs to me that you might be glad to have it sent to you as a text for one of your dally chats. The point I make is that If a manager who is in the same class with all other business men make, an honest and valiant ef fort to give his patrons "the goods" and advertises exactly what he has, he will make all the money he requires In this world, and the mere fact that his pro duction is financially successful in first class theaters proves that it must be artistic must have merit. "Every week throughout the last two seasons a great many dollars have been spent In the daily newspapers in the various cities In which Miss Ring has appeared. As I look upon the profits of these two tours I consider that a very considerable portion of them Is dne to tbe thousands of dollars spent in extra advertising In the daily newspapers and the further fact that the old-fashioned hot air over-elaborate methods of vrritfnsr tkeae advertiaementa has been thrown to the discard. Henceforth I will spend twice aa much money in this direction as hitherto, realizing that in the theatrical business, as in other lines of occupation, the scheme of qraU'a-eye statements In the dally press Is simply casting bread upon the wa ters." When Mr. McKay and I were associ ated together we often talked about the value of advertising discussed the methods employed by theaters and we always agreed that a theater running a good play would always be filled with an appreciative audience if the man agement took the trouble to put some human Interest, as well as facts in the advertising copy. I am glad to know that Mr. McKay has done this on his own account and that he has succeeded. The plan that he has carried out so successfully should be adopted by theaters every where. Five-line theater announce ments have little if any effect, (To be continued.) Country Town Sayings by Ed Ho wa (Copyright, 1911, by George Matthew Adams.) If you can't do anything well your self, be a critic. If any one gives you more than ho gets in return, you may rest assured it is counterfeit. One reason some actors change their names is that their acting is so bad they don't want people to know who they are. People don't seem to be homesick as much as they formerly did. Most ministers are too willing to al low strangers to strike their congre gations for a collection. If a woman of 30 marries a man of 60, people say she is 18 and her hus band near 70. Too many men, when asked for an opinion, try to decide in favor of all parties concerned . I believe I never knew a widower who was not abused for not visiting his wife's grave oftener. A rich man usually has poor kin to keep him humble. No man ever enjoys the kisses en closed in a letter; but they are said to make women feel happier. This is the season when a woman never goes to the front door without chasing out a fly. Half a Century Ago From The Oregon.an, July 11, 1861. The first Central Overland mail left Placerville on the 1st of July. The coach and horses were decorated with American flags. There were six bags of letter mail and 28 bags of paper mall, weighing 1776 pounds. The U. S. troops have been removed from the fort near Klamath reserva tion. The Indians In the country are Just double the white population, and some solicitude is felt for their safety. The people are about organizing them selves into military companies. There was a severe shock of earth quake at Pan Francisco on the 30th. It lasted 15 seconds. Tkn.. waa a profit flrft In San Fran cisco on the 8d. It was progressing at the date of the dispatch. Fifteen buildings were burning. loe winci was high. The Are commenced on the corner of Valleio and Kearny streets. There was no water. Stop it. Bathing in front of private dwellings. If this Is not done there will be some striped hides. The comet, one day last week, occu pied a portion of the same space that the earth had occupied the day before. A meeting would have done no harm. The earth would jhave gone through the comet without the least inconvenience. What are comets made for? Brad's Bit o' Verse You think your life is all -up hill? Then think of poor old Kaiser Bill: If anyone deserves a crown for daring dark misfortune's frown it surely is that monarch grand who tries to run Der Faterland. In vain his fierce mustaohioa point upward with Imperial pose; in vain he chants Pie Wacht am JUiine they calmly chuck his right divine and teil him bluntly to his face that "Me unt Gott" can't boss that ra.ee. The reichstag hands hlra out a chunk that makes his dally life seem punk; his stein of beer has lost it charra; his soul is filled with deep alarm. He sees the people getting wise it brings the tear drops to his eyes: each day with bootless worry teems; the spooks of freedom haunt his dreams. The trouble with our good friend Bill, be wants to see the world stand still. He thinks it might ad vance too fast; he loves the cobwebs of the past. And there be others of his kind who grope about in darkness blind like blinking owl3 that fear the light and hoot at all things fair and bright- If all such dubs would disap pear and leave the track of progress clear, this world would lose a heavy load and be a place of blest abode. (Copyright, 1811, by W. D. Meng.) - v. f