Morning Oregonian., May 01, 1911, Page 6, Image 6

TI1E MORNING OREGONIAN. MONDAY, MAT 1, 1911.
POBTLAXD. ORKGON.
Entered t Portland. Orijon Potofflc sa
ecoci-C'.e.e Matter. ..,
Busecrlpooa Ku-Inrlatlr la
(IT MAIL)
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(BT CARRIER)
Tally. SnJay tn.-ln.led. on year t-JJ
tily Sunday IncJuded, on month T
Haw ta Keeait Send poetoffte money
nr. exnreee order or personal check on
or local bank. STaupe, coin or currency
are at trie eendere nak. Glee poetorftc
addree In rU. Including county a a (J a Late.
raw tra It to 14 pw 1 cent: 1
to aa peea. 2 eeota; SO ta pa. centa:
o to pes. cent. Foreign poatas
dentil rat.
Eaweter Beelaeee Office Verr Conk
Ha 'eer Tork. Hranewlck. buildlns. Chi
, Steser building.
' rOKTLAXD. MOMMT. MAT U "-
-
roBTUkxirs orroBTTrrr.
',' Portland has apent nor than
12.000.000 la Improving the channel to
the aa In order that tha product of
the Columbia baaia may reach tha
; world' markets at a minimum coat
V, for transportation. The city, through
"tha Port of Portland, haa alao given
foreign sailing ahtpa fra pilotage and
i a free dock at which to discharge hai
riest. We have voted a bond laeuo of
I2.S0O.00O for public dock, which will
' enhance the vessel owner profit and
"make the port popular at the taxpay
ers" expense. A few of our citizens
! hare spent considerable money la the
' cause of transportation by 'firing In
' the air" with an up-river boat Una that
' attempts to compete with two water-level
rail lines draining; the entire In-
land Empire. These projects, some of
Tthem Indispensable and others worth-
If 3. show that the people of Portland
"'understand that the prosperity of
".'Portland depends on Ks prentice aa a
-seaport.
r But while we txe spending our
'Imontr for the purposes mentioned we
ore overlooking; a big- trade field which
J.oueht to be entered by Portland even
If It costs a fraction of what we pro
' pose to throw away on docks to be
, used by a few wealthy shlpowners.
- Alaska Is the only big trade field ac--cesslble
from this city that our people
.have Ignored. Now that there is a
prospect that Its coal mines will be
'. opened, there will be an opportunity
JTor us to enter the field to better ad-
vantage than ever, before. The
'..steamer Northwestern arrived at Ta-
coma a few days ago with a cargo of
copper ore sent south from the Alaska
f mines to be smelted. This Incident
f has suggested to the Tacoma people
that they might as well be doing busl
ines with Alaska as to permit all of it
t be done by Seattle, as It has been
,' done In the past. With ships brtng
t lng southbound cargoes of ore. there Is
I no reason why they should not secure
northbound cargoes at the same point
at which the ore is discharged.
',. The demand for coal In Portland
J 'after the development of the Alaska
i mines would give this city an advan
tage that neither of the Puget Sound
ports possesses. Neither Tacoma nor
J Seattle can offer a market for Alaska
coal, which for many years after the
.opening of the mines will be the prin
cipal commodity that will supply the
ships with return cargoes. Portland.
', however, will offer a good market for
the fuel, and the advantage of sup
plying vessels with cargo both ways
will more than offset the very slight
difference In distance which now fa
vors the Puget Sound ports.
What this northern trade, or even a
portion of It. means to a port can be
understood when It Is stated thst the
Seattle tAde with Alaska. Imports
and exports. In 1909 reachede total
of $52,000,000. Every one It all fa
miliar with the country admits that Its
resources are as yet but slightly devel
oped, and that It has practically unlim
ited possibilities for the future. This
Is a subject that Is of great Importance
o Portland and concerns the only
really big trade field on the Coast In
which this city Is not properly represented.
TflE MEXJCAX (RISIff,
It 111 becomes the officials of the
Mexican government to offer any crit
icism of the attitude of the United
States regarding the trouble In their
country. The reported declaration by
Vice-President Corrall that Americans
are fomenting trouble In his country
ln order to force Intervention is, of
course, the sheerest nonsense. An at
tempt by this country to Intervene
would provoke the hostility of both
classes. They would - forget their
grievances against each other and
unite In a stubborn resistance) to the
Invaders. This would necessitate a
prolonged war of subjugation and
would give the United States another
Philippine problem to solve. This
- country has larger Interests in Mexico
than any other foreign nation, and for
that reason la deeply Interested in hav
ing the present trouble speedily set
tled. But In a degree this Mexican trouble
. is purely a family affair in which we
r have no right to meddle. We had .a
'-war of our own about fifty years ago
-and one can Imagine the resentment
that would have been felt had soma
.'outside power Interfered with our
. .own way of settling the trouble. The
.'close proximity of tha United States
to the scene of trouble makes It very
difficult to prevent the Insurgents
' using this country as a base of op
erations. They have, since the be
.ginning of the trouble, maintained a
'revolutionary Junta headquarters at
Ttl Paso and another base or operations
"at Los Angeles. These, with plenty
.of sympathisers strung along the en
tire boundary line between the two
countries, and with agents at the Na
tional Capital., have undoubtedly
proved annoying to the Mexican gov
ernment, but there Is no legitimate
-means by which this Government could
prevent their operations.
If Mr. Corrall. President -Diss, and
all other Mexican officials had been
a little more frank with the United
States and the rest of the world at the
beginning of the trouble there would
be 'less cause for complaint at the
present time. Months after tha rebels
had been roaming at their own sweet
will through half a dozen districts in
the republic, Diss continued to an
'nounce to the world that the Insurrec
tion was an Insignificant affair which
would be speedily put down. From
the manner in which tha rebels have
ibeen gaining it would appear that he
may have believed what he waa say
ing, for now -while he la waving the
Uve branch In North era Mexico, tha
rebellion is In full swing In half a
dozen parts of hla country. The
United States is not playing any fav
orites In this game and Mr. Corrall
will not make any friends for Mexico
In this country by his ridiculous
charges.
The revolution Is to be deplored for
Its destruction of life and property.
In the Interest of humanity, all good
people throughout the world would
like to witness a speedy restoration of
peace. This country, however, has no
mercenary Interest In the matter; for.
regardless of which party triumphs in
the contests, Mexico wiU have to pay
all damages that have resulted from
tha war.
fcXRTLCS Or MONEY. .
The aurplua reserves over and
above the II per cent requirement
renorted bv the clearing-house banks
Lof New York for the week ending last
Saturday reached the highest point
touched since last August, when the
banks had amassed large reserves for
crop-moving purposes. There waa an
Increase of 17.100.000 in deposits,
bringing the total up to tl.l.5.00.
which la an Increase of 1221.000.000
over the figures for the same week a
year sgo. The surplus greserve last
Saturday was t40.sl3.17". compared
with H.711.150 for the sama week
last year. Trust companies and other
Institutions not Included in tha
clearing-house bank statement lat
week gained . IS.C47.000 In deposits.
This, Included with the gain in de
posits reported by the clearing-house
banks, brings the total Increase In New
Tork for the week up to more than
$11,000,000.
As there waa no corresponding ex
pansion In loans, the already plentiful
supply of Idle money thus received a
very large Increase and there was a
further decline In Interest rate. Call
money waa practically without a
market, and the loana were down to
3 per cent for six months paper and
2H and 2 per cent for aixty-day and
ninety-day loans.
The continued Increase In the sup
ply of idle money in New York cannot
go on indefinitely without becoming
wearisome to the capitalists who have
been waiting for something unpleasant
to happen. If money continues to pile
ufc It will soon become burdensome to
the owners, who will be glad to put
It Into circulation through the medium
of investment in railroad or industrial
securities, which of late have been re
garded with suspicion by capitalists.
It Is an unnatural condition which af
ter a time will 'be self-adjusting.
GROWTH OF ACTOMOalLE.
To what degree the age of ma
chinery has progressed is shown by a
bulletin of the Census Bureau on the
automobile Industry. The number of
establishments making automobiles In
the United States has increased from
67 in the year 1S99. when the industry
was in its infancy, to ilS in the year
1909. an Increase of 454 per cent. But
the increase In the value of the prod
uct has been vastly more rapid, for
in 1899 this was $4,743,000. while In
1909 It was $194.722. 600. an Increase
of 4001 per cent- The number of ma
chines produced was S723 in 1S99 and
127.2S9 la 1909..
The first Impression would naturally
be that the use of so many automo
biles would, by displacing an equal
number of carriages and wagons, dis
place a proportionate number of men
employed In carriage and wagon fac
tories, but this does not appear to have
been the case. The automobile indus
try has grown up in precisely those
statee where the wagon Industry for
merly thrived. The skilled labor for
merly employed in the ' one Industry
has naturally drifted Into the other,
which Is akin to It. But there haa not
been wholly a superseding of the
wagon Industry but rather transforma
tion and enlargement have been ef
fected without serious Injury to labor.
One has only to keep his eyes open
on the streets to realize that the use
of mechanical motive power on the
streets and roads has only begun. At
first, like aU new things. It waa costly
and was the fad of the rich. As It
grew cheaper, the automobile became
not only the pleasure vehicle of the
well-to-do. but a means -of rapid trans
portation for business and profession
al purposes. Then it was used for
ambulances and patrol wagons. Now
It hauls great loads of' merchandise
and Its engine helps to load and un
load them. It carries the farmer
about his farm, it takes his family
to town, it plows bis land, harvests
his crops and hauls them to the barn
or the warehouse. There are, per
haps, many uses, now unthousht of,
to which the automobile will be com
monly applied in a not distent future.
Few foresaw its present utility twelve
years ago.
PRACTICAL. SCCOESTIOS.
There are two occaslona possibly
there are others wherein a long lit
erary programme is ' not enjoyed,
where in fact It Is a decided bore. One
of these Is at the annual meeting of
the Pioneer Association, where the au
dience, composed chiefly of elderly
men and women, many of whom can
not even, under favorable conditions,
hear distinctly, and the other is on
the Fourth of July, wherein children
are required to "speak pieces,' sing
patriotic sons-a. carry banners and do
stunts in a parade. These features of I
these occasions impose weariness and
beget Impatience In the two classes
named the one at the beginning of
life, the other approaching its close.'
It may be suggested, we hope with
out offense, that they be largely elim
inated from the two celebrations now
approaching, the one scheduled for the
middle of June, the other for the ever
glorious natal day of the American
Nation.
A man not so far removed from the
years of his boyhood protested recent
ly against the Impressment of chil
dren into the Fourth of July parade
and exercises, saying: "When I was a
boy the Fourth of July meant a holi
day, not a task day, and the boys who
were required to commit pleces to
memory and recite them from the
platform of a village parade ground,
were duly commiserated by their fel
lows who looked forward to the day
aa one free from tasks and devoted to
firecrackers, feasting and a general
good time.
As everyone knows, small children
should be kept well In hand on this
great day. Those who are able to
take care of themselves should be
given a little pocket-money and free
dom to enjoy themselves in a manner
that will not endanger life or limb.
Games, athletic contests, the wood
land picr.io may be made ac
ceptable substitutes for the deadly toy
cannon and dangerous cannon cracker.
The youth of the land need a Fourth
of July celebration that, will remain
green and ' fragrant in the memory
In Inter vpnrt nnd create Dleasurable
anticipation of the return of the day,
Such feelings are not engendered in
the young by a long programme of
spread-eagle "pieces," laboriously com
mitted to memory, made distasteful
by tedious rehearsal and recited with
a self-consciousness that threatens the
boy or girl with suffocation or heart
failure. Children who are at the age
that, sad to say, comes but once In
a long lifetime, are entitled to !a
chance really to enjoy, not despise, a
safe and sane celebration of the
Fourth of July. Such a celebration
furnishes a picture, etched by the
nimble fingers of youth and framed
in the glowing light of memory, which
will be undimmed by time, unmarred
by damp and dust. It Is a celebra
tion that means something to chil
dren, which In later years will be
translated Into the unspoken language
of patriotism. ,
PROHFERITT STILL WITH TC8,
The month of April, with but
twenty-five business days, shows a con
tinuation of the great prosperity that
has kept Lb la city In the front rank
arrong all of its class in the United
State. . In building permits and real
estate transfers there was a slight de
crease in figures aa compared with
those for a year ago. Thla decrease,
however, was not enough to prevent
the totals reaching, with a single ex
ception, the highest . figures ever
shown for the month of April. " .
Bank clearings, despite the unsettled
financial conditions In other parts of
the United States, which naturally af
fect the business of this city to a cer
tain extent, exceeded these of April.
1910. by nrl $$.000,000. It is in
the postofflce receipts, however, that
the strongest evidence of Portland's
prosperity is shown. Real estate trans
fers and building permits seldom re
flect the . full value Involved In the
transactions, Portland being excep
tionally conservative In the matter of
making public the full amount or ac
tual value of the property transferred
or of the permits issued.
The United States Government, how
ever, is more strict in its requirements.
For that reason, postofflce receipts
have always been regarded as an In
fallible barometer by which to deter
mine the business conditions. These
receipts show an .Increase- of nearly
$10,000 over those for April. 1910. and
bring the total for the first four
months of the year up to $325,000,
compared with the former best record
of $285,000. reached In the first four
months of 1910.
The Impregnability of Portland's po
sition as the financial headquarters of
the Pacific Northwest Is best shown
by comparison with Seattle, which Is
the nearest competitor that this city
has north of California. Bank clear
ings of .Portland have shown a steady
increase every month this year, whilo
those of Seattle have shown a corre
sponding decrease. For the last week
In April the Portland clearings of $11,
312.000 were 32.376.000 greater than
those fqr April, 1910, while Seattle's
clearings of $9,899,000 were $1,513,
000 less than those of Portland and
$3,282,000 less than for the same week
In Seattle a year ago.
This commercial activity la being
maintained through that season that
is sometimes designated as "between
hay and grass." The showing Is so
much better than ever before that it
may be regarded as a certainty that
there will be no slackening when the
Influence of the coming crops Is felt
a few weeks hence. Within sixty days
harvesting will commence south of
Snake River, and while there is still
ample time for damage to the grain
crop, conditions are now favorable for
a wheat yield of from 50,000,000 to
60,000.000 bushels. This means that
more than $40,000,000 will be added
to the purchasing, power of thepeople
by the wheat crop alone, with other
grains increasing this to the extent of
at least $10,000,000.
Meanwhile we are beginning the
fishing season. - which produces the
most-freely-clrculated money that Is
put afloat, by any of our Industries.
The small fruit season Is at hand, wool
is going forward, and on every hand
la noticeable the elements that assure
a continuation of the present satis
factory conditions.
TKB FRACTICAL AIRSHIP.
Surprising progress la being made In
perfecting the airship from an un
certain and dangerous curiosity Into a
practical vehicle for commercial pur
poses. As it was in the Old World that
the Montgolfler brothers sent up the
first balloon, it may be fitting that the
Europeans should be the first to
make practical use of the airship.
While, from an inventor's standpoint,
the aeroplane will always far outrank
the dirigible airship, and may eventu
ally surpass It In utility. It Is the dirig
ible that has suddenly become an air
ahip which can make regular trips in
commercial service. This development
of the old Montgolfler balloon of the
eighteenth century has been so rapid
within the past decade that today
there are half a dozen airship routes
in Europe, over which the tourist or
native resident of the country may
book passage through any steamship
or railroad company, having starting
points at Lucerne, Berlin, Dusseldorf
and a number of other cities'.
These big, cylinder-shaped airships
are no longer unmanageable, drifting
balloons. They are steered by skill
ful airship pilots, "engine-room crews"
are carried to look after the motive
ptfwer. Some Interesting statistics ap
pearing In the current' number of
Hamptons' Magazine show that be
tween August 1, 1910, and January 31,
1911. these airships carried 6000 pas
sengers. The ships covered a total
of 15.000 miles in their voyages and
the companies operating them re
ceived $122,600 In fares. The average
number of passongers carried was
seven and the largest number was 32.
The maximum was carried on the
Deutschland I in a 160-mlle trip from
Dusseldorf to Munster and return. The
Parseval VI, In the first six months
of her operation, earned $35.0,00, or
about one-half of her cost, and all of
the ships In operation have made such
satisfactory returns that a large fleet
of new and larger aerial craft are un
der construction.
So rapid has been the development
of the Zeppelin type of airship that It
Is freely predicted In Germany that
within three years German airships
will be making regular trips across the
Atlantic to the United States, and that
within five years airship service In
Germany will be as regular as the
service of steamers, railroad trains and
automobiles.
Bad news is said to travel faster and
farther than good news. That may be
the reason why we have heard so much
more about the disasters which have
overtaken some of Zeppelin's airships
than we have heard of their successes.
And yet the details of the wreck of
hla most famous airship, the Deutsch
land I, show the disaster to have been
one which might Just as easily have
happened to a staunch, skillfully
handled ship at sea. Briefly stated,
the ship was caught in a hurricane
which continued more than nine hours,
At, all times her engines, rudders and
propellers were working perfectly and
she would undoubtedly have outlived
the storm had her fuel supply held out
until it was safe to land.
When the fuel was exhausted and
the ship became unmanageable, she
was landed in a 40-mile gale and torn
to pieces in the tree tops with all of
the passengers landed safely by means
of ladders. Hundreds of ocean-going
craft have met disaster from similar
causes.
The practicability of the airship has
thus been demonstrated, and the pres
ent defects are being rapidly corrected.
It is not at all improbable that air
ship voyages will, within a very few
years, be quite common in all parts
of the world.
FAT. WOCKEX.
Occasionally the "extra layer of
fat," which an eminent British scien
tist is said to have discovered enwrap
ping the fairy feminine form, is only
too much In evidence. Women are
sometimes observed who seem to have
aeveral auch layera enfolding and pro
tecting them. But again one occa
sionally sees a woman ao wan and
meager that It is difficult to think
where tha extra layer of fat can be.
No doubt we must then take it on
faith, which la the evidence of things
unseen, since the eminent scientist
avers that the fat always exists. By
Its protecting presence he accounts for
the fact that a woman can sit in a
draught on a Wintry night with her
snowy shoulders uncovered when un
der the same conditions a man would
perish of pneumonia if he did not
freeze to death.
Men, according to our learned
Briton, have ' not been furnished
wtth this fortification of fat by na
ture, which here again displays Its
partiality for the fair sex. To her
that hath shall be given. Hence the
larger death rate among men and the
preponderance of spinsters over bach
elors in old communities like Massa
chusetts and Constantinople.
Do we hear the reply that fat men
are fully as numerous as fat women T
Perhaps they are, but our hasty ob
jector . misses the point. The fat
which nature allows to men is not
evenly distributed over his physique.
It has a sad tendency to accumulate
at a single point on his person and
endow him with that bulbous form
which Hawthorne lamented In a
classic passage. Women also incline
to bulbousness with advancing years,
but every observer must have noticed
that with them the tendency is not so
pronounced as with men.
A fat woman Is evenly and harmo
niously fat, as it were. -Instead of all
being disposed at her stomach there
Is some on her arms and a fair pro
portion under her chin. With man
the accumulated adipose of time is a
burden. Often It la an incumbrance.
For women the gracious Benevolence
of nature has made it a garment
which protects her venerable age from
the unklndllness of the weather.
The Mayoralty campaign expenses
of Charles E. Merrlam, the defeated
candidate- in the recent Chicago elec
tion, were $133,254.80. The growing
Interest that la shown in reform In cltj
government Is revealed In the state
ment that this large sum was provided
by popular subscription. The contri
butions ranged from $19,600, given by
the head of a large mail-order house,
down to 1 cent, whleh' came from an
anonymous supporter. The corrupt
practices act there, as In Oregon, lim
its the expenditures that may be made
by a candidate In his own behalf, but
places no restrictions on the amount
that n?ay be spent by his friends. When
the people are more accustomed to
electing good men to office and the
advantage of the change Is apparent,
there will be no necessity for a can
didate or his friends expending such
large sums as now seem accessary in
order that the voters may bo properly
informed.
Little Jack, a famous Umatilla chief
tain, passed on to the happy hunting
grounds Saturday night after numer
ous medicine men from various parts
of the Northwest had danced in vain
for thirty-six hours In an effort to
cure a case of articular rheumatism
by that time-honored but not always
effectual method. While it Is quite
true that a good many "medicine men"
who use drugs Instead of- dancing in
their attempts at healing the sick are
no more successful than the red doc
tore who failed to save Little Jack,
there la a growing disposition on the
part of the modern Indians to take a
chance on the white man's medicine
Instead of relying on the old remedy of
their fathers. For that reason the In
dian medicine man Is becoming a back
number. Performances like that which
accompanied Little .Jack's exit from
this world will soon be a rarity even
oa tha wildest reservations.
The trolley passenger who paid fare
In a crowded car and was assaulted
Kettereri Tnv ' thA conductor be
cause he essayed to ride seated was
certainly In very hard luck, soieiy De
cause he Is of the wrong sex to Insist
nn niKh a rla-ht. A woman would
nave succeeded. If it took the help of
all the male passengers.
Mr. Staub, the Sunnys,de pastor
whose new church edifice was dedi
cated yesterday, is to be congratulated
on the great result of years of devo
tion to his ambition and the loyalty
of his helpers. '
The Insignificant Morocco is again
stirring Europe, but Great Britain
holds the peace switch at Gibraltar.
If it cost Merrlam $138,000 to be
defeated. Carter Harrison's bill of ex
pense must be prodigious. ' -
The Seattle man worth three-quarters
of -a million avho committed sui
cide was simply crazy.' "
Great Britain has launched another
battleship to help keep peace among
the nations -l
r .
Tomorrow's haul of salmon may be
a record-breaker, for obvious reasons.
There is many a trip between indict
ment and conviction. (
An exhibition in aviation to convicts
Is ta rather bad taste.
PHYSICIAN'S COMMENT '".OX VICE
Evil Can Beat Be Combated la Rigidly
. Ittued District.
PORTLAND.. April 26. (To the Edi
tor). The vice problem Is not compar
able to. the drink problem. Vice is
the outgrowth of a natural funotion.
Th men and women who supply the
individuals composing the underworld
of vice have not learned the values of
self control and do not wish to ex
ercise self-control.
In order ,to eradicate vice the un
derworld must be regenerated. and
self control taught and enforced. That
aeema truly a Utopian dream, but per
haps all things are possible.
It destruction of vice is Impossible,
a stern and unrelenting police control
of it as a necessary evil seems from
a moral, ethical and sanitary
point a wjser course to pursue than a
policy which permits votaries of vice
to scatter all over the city and spread
moral and pbysloal infection.
The clergy and certain reformers
seem to consider any regulation of
vice as a compromise with evil. Any
method, of dealing with vice must be
judged solely upon its laerlts. . The
closing of houses, driving inmates
from their houses to scatter all over
the city, has served no useful purpose,
and haa not stopped the traffic Why
the aame advocate such a oourso and
what they expect to accomplish by
this warfare is beyond my ken.
From a common sense, physical and
ethical standpoint a restricted district
with strict policing, restricted popu
lation, and rigid examination, is the
only method. It will lessen disease.
We quarantine against smallpox, but
owing to false notions of modesty and
an Impelling impulse to handle a dis
agreeable subject at arm's length, and
lacking firsthand information, we
become obaeaaed with the Idea' that If
we cannot aee vice, ergo, lt does
not exist Thereby, we actually encour
age the spread of the most contagious,
tenacious, and destructive disease
known to medical science.
Finally this is a seaport- When the
Panama Canal is completed the ship
pin of the world will come Jo Port
land. All aorta and conditions of men
of all the races of the earth
will visit our city. It is a hard, bru
tal fact that vice will exist. Let us
have no Illusions about It, Let us
regulate it with anr iron hand. We
cannot enforce self control of the in
dividual, but we must throw a strong
wall of protection about our women.
J. F. MASTOON, M. D.
COXSTJMER AND TARIFF OX WOOTu
Writer ThlBks Many Will Profit anti
Few Suffer by Revlalon.,
PORTLAND, April J9. (To the Ed
itor.) In Vhe Oregonian of April 28
tha ex-secretary of the Idaho Wool
Growers' -Association maunders down
a column of lamentation over the fact
that degenerate Republicans who ha,ve
deserted from the stand-pat fold, along
with wild-eyed demoniacs of the Dem
ocratic faith will rend asunder the pil
lars of the temple ofhlgh tariff on
wool, leaving some few sheep barons
in the Western states weeping over
their fallen estate.
That 100 flockmasters In Idaho and
as many In Oregon can be gathered to
gether who own enough sheep to be se
riously affected, even tl the tariff on
wool is wholly obliterated, I do-not
believe. So If 20.0 in the two states
may be somewhat injured, what must
be said of the one million other resi
dents that are materially benefited?
If wool were not worth 10 cents per
pound the. vast herds running the pub
lic range without cost for forage, at
tended by poorly-paid, half-demented
shepherds, would still be vastly profit
able to the owners. The certain in
crease of 100 per cent In reproduction
Is enough of Itself to make it more
profitable than in almost any other
calling.
. President Taft was forced to call the
Aldrlch-Payno conspiracy against the
people in the wool tariff- "utterly inde
fensible." so that in looking for solace
for the outcome, which is dally shaping
Itself 1n our Congress - where honest
men are in the ascendency, the stand
patter of the flocks will have to delve
In the tombs, taking- comfort in. the
thought that Mark Hanna, McKlnley,
Aldrich and Cannon would not have
had It so.
As for the rest of us, we hope to see
wool as cheap as cotton, pound for
pound, so that what Is now sold as all
wool may hereafter be more than half
cotton. And there are other things that
will be revised Just aa sharply; the
stricken wool growers will have many
mourners at their side, the people will
wax fat and be merry, and the end
Is not yet. CHAS. P. CHURCH.
Qualification ot Voters.
GRESHAM. Or., April 25. (To the
Editor.) (1) What are the qualifica
tions of a State Representative? (2)
What Is the present ratio of repre
rentatlonT (3) When a new census is
taken, how are the extra representa
tives In Congress apportioned among
the states? (4J Can the. Governor be
compelled to appoint a United States
Eenator in case the office becomes va
cant? (5) A Representative? (6) How
could each be done, if it be possible?
(7) If Arizona and New Mexico are
admitted to the Union, how will the
length of the term of the new mem
bers of the United States Senate be
determined? ' STUDENT.
(1) He must be a citizen, at least 71
years of age, and have resided in the
district or county from which he is
elected at least one year. (2) The
last apportionment of State Representa
tives in Oregon was on a ratio of one
to each 6041 of white population; Sen
ator one to each 12.083. (3) By act
of Congress, fixing the number of mem
bers and the ratio to population. (4-6-6
He might be threatened with the
recall. . We know of no other way. The
Governor 1 not authorized to fill a
United States Senatorial vacancy if
caused by the failure of the Legisla
ture to act. but may fill vacancies
caused by death. (7) The Legislature
will probably elect one Senator for
four yea? and one for six years.
Phases of Fishing; Laws. -
WOODBURN. Or., April 28. (To the
Editor.) Does a man have to have a
license to fish in a small lake with
hook and line where he Is acquainted
with a part owner of the lake and
hires owner's boat to. fish from? There
are no trout or other protected fish in
the " lake, only carp, catfish or bull
heads, as they are sometimes called,
and a few big-mouth black bass? Is, it
against the law to fish for bullheads
after dark? The others "will not bite
after dark. Of course, the owner gives
his consent when he hires his boat.
Does a man have to have a license to
fish for crawfish?
A ST7BSCRD3ER.
No license Is required to fish for
carp, catfiah or bullheads. Every male
over 15 years muse have license to fish
for bass. Trout are the only fish pro
tected against night fishing. No li
cense is required to fish for crawfish.
Indians FUbed for Roasted Hams.
' PRINEVILLE. Or..' April 25. (To the
Editor.) In The Oregonian's column,
"Half a Ceqtury Ago." an item refer
ring to the burning of the Linn City
warehouae April. 1861. .and the scorch
ing of the steamer Relief, lying by the
warehouse, before being towed up out
of danger, reminds me that this boat
had just-discharged at the warehouse
nearly $3000 worth of bacon, belonging
to my father,: Luther Eckins, then
merchant at Lebanon. He suffered an
entire loss. It was the only freight
put off that night, as we were told.
The Indians feasted on our roasted
ham by fishing it out of the river. It s
an ill wind, etc" Yours,
JAAIE3 ELKXMS.
AS" SEES BY" COUXTRY JUSTICE
Sage of Clackamas Corners Discusses
Xew Styles in Lawmaking.
CLACKAMAS CORNERS, April 26.
(To the Editor). As nearx as I can
make out, the Oregon Idea, as preach
ed and practiced by the pure patriots
who patented it, ia that the people
haven't got gumption enough to elect
the right men to make right laws, so
they must make the laws themselves,
having plenty of gumption to do that.
That's what Abner Heppner says, and
he says he knows because ITRen told
him so. llet.be so, mebbe so. But it
strikes me that If I had a new barn to
build I wouldn't be showin' much Judg
ment to tackle the Job myself because
I was afraid I ; hadn't hoss sense
enough to hire a good carpenter.
' Seems to me that pickin' out a good
lawyer or a gcrod doctor, or a good
blacksmith, or a good hired man. when
you've got a Job in one of them lines
to do, and the money to pay for it,
takes a hean less general education, so
to speak, than it would to do the' Job
yourself.
My experience In life has made me
believe that there are a heap more
good citizens than bad ones anywhere
you go. There's slick fellows in town
that sell brass bricks to greedy fools
who think somebody is going to give
them gold' for half the price the Jewel
er around the corner will pay; and
there's farmers that ain't above put
tin' all the little potatoes In the bot
tom of the sack a sellln' a blind hoss
for the price of a good one to some
Innocent who don't know. enough to
fan his hat In front of a new hoss's
eyes; but most men in town are ready
to give a customer one hundred cents'
worth of honest goods for a dollar,
and most farmers deal pretty much' on
the square. If folks elect crooked
politicians to make laws, It's Just
because they are too lazy and care
less to take the trouble to pick out
honest and good men; and if they are
too lazy and careless to do that, how
are they going to be busy and care
ful enough to make wiBe laws for
themselves?
I ve heard the parson say that mira
cles ceased way back in Bible times,
and I'm pretty certain they alnt be
ing worked no great extent Just at
present. But Abner Heppner says
there ain't nothing impossible with
God and W. S. TTRen. He says URen
sold a half a law practice that wasn't
workln' to a Philadelphia man for
$2500 a year, and Abner says that If
makln' a Philadelphia lawyer out of
a soap-man in the twinklin' of an eye
ain't a miracle, men he ain't no judge
of miracles.
e e e
Sometimes I go to Portland and ram
ble around among the commission mer
chants. The last time I was there I
found potatoes selling wholesale at
$2.50 a hundred pounds, and carloads
coming in from the East. Tea. sir,
and onions at $3.50 a hundred pounds,
and being shipped in from benighted
sectlons'where theyaln't never heard
of the Initiative and referendum. And
a commission man told me that 60
per cent ofthe vegetables eaten in
Portland were shipped in from other
states. He was a profane, careless
speakln' cuss and he said he thought
it would be a damsite better Oregon
Idea to raise half as much political
hell and twice as much potatoes and
beans and cabbage.
e -
Tm a kind of old-fashioned Ameri
can man and a whole lot of a believer
in a tub standin' on its own bottom.
I believe that a boy or a girl who is
taught to be self-reliant and to take
and give hard knocks makes a better
man or woman than one who is per
petually molly-coddled. And I believe
that what is good or bad for the Indi
vidual ,1s good or bad for a whole peo
ple. Now-a-days the principal occupation
of half the population seems to be
thinking up new laws to take care of
the other half. Even the length of the
'sheets on a bed. the drlnkln' cups In
public places, and the number of mon
sters that may. be kept in the chicken
yard without offending the sensibili
ties of the Lady Secretaryess of the
Society for the prevention of Improper
Practices among Poultry, are all sub
jects of new laws.
Unruly .lildren must not be spank
ed with anything harder than a roll
of cotton batting. Nude works cf
art must be put In overalls- The peo
ple's habits, amusements, health,
hours of work, drinking and about all
their Individual concerns must be re
gulated by a lot of laws. About the
only part of the Lord's Prayer these
folks seem to know is "Lead us not
Into temptation," and that's the only
part of that prayer that makes a real
man feel kind of sneakin' when he re
peats It.
But Abner Heppner says he knows
that makin' laws Is a citizen's first
duty, and he's going to circulate a pe
tition for a hog-law that will make
Bill Sykes clean up his pen once in
a while. If he has to hire a man to
help Mrs. Heppner make the crops this
year and next.
e e e
I'm not against government In rea
sonable amounts, and I believe every
man fit to live In a free country ought
to take his fair share of interest in
helpln" to see it run right. But I be
lieve that .the man who attends to his
own business first and looks after his
neighbor's next is liable to vote with
more sense than a fellow who holds
down a cracker-barrel all day and lays
out plans for ..the runnin' of the uni
verse, while hla children go to school
with their toes stickin" out of their
shoes at one end of their little bodies
and their hair comin' out of the holes
In their hats at the other end.
e r
The Oregon Idea that strikes me as
about right is more initiative behind
the plow-handles and less referendum
at the corner grocery; more chickens,
eggs, pigs, potatoes, cabbages, beans
and onions and fewer petitions and
amendments; more Btump-pulllng and
less stump-speaking.
But Abner Heppner says he would
rather hear U'Ren or Epgleston or
Crldge save the country than to pull
a stump anyday. He says it's only a
question of time till the initiative and
referendum will make the stumps pull
themselves out.
But the country has to be saved
right away. And people around here
do say that Abner is a smart man.
A. MOSSBACK. J. P.
Income Tax Amendment.
GERVAI9. Or., April 28. (To the
Editor.) As it has come up in my class
at school. I wish to know if there was
a sixteenth amendment added to the
United States Constitution during the
first part of Taft's administration, and
If so, what it was.
NELLIE PATTERSON.
Congress submitted the Income tax
amendment July 12. 1909, but It has
not yet been ratified by the Legisla
tures of three-fourths of the states.
The amendment is to permit Congress
to lay an income tax without regard
to population or to the source of the
Income.
No Duty ob Personal Effect.
LINNTON. April 29. (To the Editor.)
Are citizens of this country return
ing from a visit to Vancouver and Vic
toria, B. C, allowed to bring in free
of duty goods for their personal use
only? If so, to what amount is there
exemption of tariff. - A. J. C.
Residents if the United States are al
lowed $100 worth of articles In the na
ture of personal effects at their pres
ent foreign value, free of duty, pro
vided they are not Intended for other
persons, or for sale, or to be used in
business, and are properly declared.
Advertising Talks
By William C. Freeman.
An ' Important point In advertising,
which cannot be too strongly empha
sised, is this: - ', . . .
To be- effective the copy muet be
written In a manner that will appeal
to the particular community In which
the advertising" is done.
An English advertisement, for In
stance. Is not apt favorably to impress
an American audience, and It has been
that n American advertisement
hhes not make much impression upon
an Englteh audience.
' Everybody in the advertising world is
familiar with the unique advertising
adopted by Selfri Jge & Co. In London.
The average American firm has a
hard time of it making an Impression
on the British public by -applying
American methods to their advertising.
Selfridge & Co. have had as hard a
timo as anybody, but their recent ad
vertising haa been more to the liking
of the Britishers.
They have taken a full column In the
"Evening Standard and St. James
Gazette," which is headed:
"Selfridge Co, Ltd. (Editorial
Rooms), Oxford atreet, London, W.
Notei 'This column is occupied every
day by an article reflecting the policies,
principles and opinions of this houe of
bualne upon various points of poblto
Interest,"
Each article has real news Interest
and treats of a topic of the day. No
reference is made In It to the business
of the store.
Its advertising value Is Indirect, of
course, but I am told that this policy of
wriUng about subjects in which British
ers are Interested, paying advertising
rate for the space occupied, is winning
a lot of customers for Selfridge & Co.
that their previous advertising did not
bring them.
The nearest approach to a similar
stylo of advertising in America is that
done by Chamberluln-Johnon-Duboe
Co, of Atlanta, which has aroused a lot
of comment and which is bringing busi
ness to the store in great volume.
(To be continued.)
Conntry Town Sayings by Ed Howe
Copyright, 1911, by Georce Matthew Adam.
Worshipers of a man or theory are
always willing to Invent facts.
There is always a controversy going
on as to the worst man in town; but
nobody seems to pay much attention to
the best man In town. ,
Men always exaggerate when talking
about hai-d times, Russia, stepmothers.
Standard OH. the beef trust, or the
clutch the railroads have on the
throats of the people.
Most of the people known 'as Bohe
mians should be known as Bums. . .
trn,, ,i,nnnf TMmnflhlv exnect others
to do morfT for you than you do for
yourself; if you cannot help yourself,
others will not do it for you.
The trouble with encouraging abuse
of prominent men is it is training the
people to abuse each other.
Now that we all favor reform, will
we get it?
Toung people wonder how old folks
can get up as early in the morning as
they do. The explanation, is simple:
They go to bed early.
When a' nice woman starts to be
shiftless, this is the first sign of it:
She begins using baker's bread. '
When a woman Jumps a man, and
finds it isn't dangerous, she never lets
up. '
DR. BUTLER'S SYSTEM UPHELD.
Columbia Ha Great Freedom of Teach
ing;, Declares Writer.
EUGENE, Or., April 2S. (To the
Editor.) A few days ago I saw - an
article in The Oregonlan anent the
tyranny and spy system of Pi-esident
Butier. of Columbia University, New
Tork. I feel sure you will not object
to a bit of counter evidence to that on
which your article was based.
First, aside from the special conten
tion of your article. Dr. Butler must
have been an exceptional man to hold
such an eminent position for so many
years. Also, without state aid, he has
put Columbia at the head of All Ameri
can institutions in point of. siee, and
(barring Berlin) all others in the
world. Ita last published onrollment
was 7420.
The special schools which distinguish
Columbia and have In some cases, as
the Teachers' College, been created
under Dr. Butler, are well known espe
cially to college men, for example the
med'cal school, the departments of po
litical science, philosophy and mining;
Now, as to the particular'complaint
of interference and espionage: I was a
member of the university for quite a
while as a post-graduate student, and,
though I knew the president only by
sight, I had as personal friends several
members of the faculty, and certainly
had the best kind of opportunity to
know of any well-recognized grievance
on the part of the teaching body to the
president on the points mentioned. And,
my Impression was, and belief is, that
there is no American university where
there M greater freedom of teaching
and less interference In any way than
In Columbia.
While I was there one of the great
est scholars in the United States came
to Columbia from the University of
Chicago, so it -was said, that he might
have greater academic freedom. It Is
certainly the common impression that
Chicago permits almost any limits.
To manage a university of 7000 stu
dents and several hundreds of in
structors Is a task, of course, requir
ing great ability and numerous devices
to keep in touch with what is going on.
and it is not surprising that every once
in a while some one should be croesed
and make a fuss about It. '
Considering the magnitude of his task
and the splendid results which have
come to Columbia since Dr. Butler came
to its head, he easily ranks with the
three greatest university presidents of
today. C. J. E. BENNEN.
Ships for South America,
PAULINA, Or., April 29. (To the Ed
itor.) Please publish the name and
address of some steamship company
which runs from Portland to South
America., A SUBSCRIBER.
There is no regular steamship line
between ""Portland and South American
nni i.i. V.H frtn n trt I nn a m n v hn marlA at
San Francisco with Pacific Mail Steam
ship Company boats. U'or sailing oates
write latter . company at San Fran
Cisco. ....
Oregon Irrigation Projects. :
PAXSON", Alaska, April 10. (To the
Editor.) Please print in The Oregonlan
the . addresses of the Government
projects In Oregon. J. L. DEAN.
Umatilla and Klamath Falls,