TTIE MORNING OREGOXIAN. MONDAY, APRDL 24, 1911. fre (Drrimtrtn rORTT, .TD. PRBTOT Entmtrl at Portland. Oregon. Poatoftlc a hcon-l-Otu Matiar. uir:nioo Raia Invariably la Advance. (BT MAIL) r!Ir. Bandar lnc.'utj5. oaa vr . . ...lAe I-aHy. Sued? loclud-4. i month .... 4 23 , . .t f w .-f X !I. Sunday Inc1u.l.d.thra month.... iSS ! Ur Proportion Of the total cost or t aiir. evuidar ineiadcd. on month. tj the finished product Is represented by I1.T. wltftout unl. on . i.k Xal.y. without undT. month S-M r It. wlthont Sunday, thra montfca. ... 1.7 country widens the market for this sea food there la certain to be a, great expansion in this business. In time it will become aa Important aa that of the rivers and bays. The treat value of fisheries to a community or to the state Ilea in the facta that the raw material Is avail able without cost to any fisherman who roes after it and that a very .... 1 w J-AO S.40 I'ilr. without Sunday, on meats on yar undy. on yr. aWaday aod walr, ona yar. (BT CARRICK) fai"?;. oB4ay included, en yar. ...... JO J . tl III HI p. ,1., III I .11. V U 1UWU.1...... i How t BaUf sand Pwioffiw monr ! system to the Columbia River. Testl r,o?r l'A ;ZT '..n" frfn before the Stat. Railroad Com. m at th adr- nak. iiir poatorf.ca ! mission hearing; at Spokane. Saturday. ad-3ra la foil. Inrlsdins county and aiata, pre-id-nt Graves of the road said: TO EXTEND Ot K TRADE LIMITS. The Spokane & Inland Railroad, a line that la doing- for Spokane what the Oregon Electric is doing for Port- ts . land, la planning an extension of the lntara Kama 10 to 14 eaaaa. 1 cant: IS to 2g pacae. 3 canta; 30 to ) pas. 1 cent; to ao pgea. 4 canta, foreign poiag dotjtla rat. Earm Bawtnea OTfluva Verra A conk II f Nw Tork. I.runavlca. building. Cul rego. stger building-. T-QBTLASD. JtOVDAI. ATEIX 14. Mil. THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT. The political cauldron at Washing ton Is fairly seething at the present time. Like the song of the witches in Macbeth, "black spirits and white, red spirits and gray: mingle, mingle, mingle." There axe some rare good men among those who have cut loose from the party through which they rode Into power, and there are also among their number a few political highbinders who are aa patriotic and mild mannered aa the best-natured pirate 'that ever cut a throat or scuttled a ship. It Is the association of these political pirates with the really honest and well-meaning men who have become weary of the stand pat policy of the Republican party that has given the progressives numer ical strength with a corresponding re duction In the average good character of the body aa a whole. The old Republican party before it began wearing high tariff hobbles fought shy of these political mounte banks with whom gall and matchless nerve took the place of merit and po litical honesty. Whenever one of these adventurers slipped into the House or the Senate while his constituents were engaged in a family row, the august body in which he alighted at Wash ington was somewhat Indifferent about giving him a preferred place on committees. As a result, members of this type may be said to have been on the ""waiting list" until this progres sive movement, led by a few really honest Republicans, came along and welcomed them into the fold. Any new organization badly in need of members la not apt to look recruits over with a mlscmscope until there Is assurance that the organization Is strong enough to exercise some dis crimination regarding the company it keeps. It is not much of a strain on the memory for one to recall the days when the party of Champ Clark was so far In the minority that It was re garded as a good deal of a Joke. Per haps If Uncle Joe Cannon and his compatriots of the hlde-boun i. steel riveted, blown-ln-the-bottle, high-tariff type, continue their Ajax-defylng-the-lightnlng stunt long enough, this new party, or new wing of an old party, may grow Into proportions where it also may elect a Speaker of J iue .House. ii is poaviojo, even proo able, that the very respectable show ing made by the progressives, good and bad included, may cause some of the old guard to alt up and take notice. There are enough good Republicans in the country to rehabilitate the grand old party of Lincoln. Grant. Garfield and other illustrious haroea and if thev can keen the nolltlcaj ad- But for the past two years Gel venturers who at Dresent flirura on 1 has been unusually prosperous. the roster from becoming too promt- ! H manufacturers have undoubtedly nent. there Is something more than ! found It very profitable to Import. In a fighting chance for the party to re- j H"" quantities, raw material and gain the ground that has been loot by ' other commodities which are used in too much Cannon and too much tar- ' the factories. The big grain crops iff. Political history of the oast ' whlcn are grown in the uerman Era "We have promised Lewlston and Walla Walla a line In the future. Further, the line down the Spokane to the Columbia has been surveyed. We have the rights of way and are all ready to let a contract when the op portune time arrives.' Explaining his remark regarding the opportune time, Mr. Graves said that work would be gin as soon aa financial conditions be came less stringent. This Is an announcement of consid erable Interest to Portland. The ex tension when built will add another large are to the territory for which this city is now the tidewater market The Spokane A Inland traverses much of the best portions of the rich Palouse country and it also draws big traffic from the Idaho Panhandle. It has. from Its Inception, bandied such a large volume of traffic that it has been one of the best-paying electric lines In the West. At the present time it assembles a large amount of freight .which Is turned over at Junction points to the steam roads. Part of this freight now finds its way to Portland. With the proposed lines built to Lewlston and Walla Walla there would not only be much new territory opened, but the frequent service which is possible with an electric line would greatly increase the prosperity of the people in the dis tricts through which It operated. Let us hope that there will be a speedy ad justment of the financial conditions so that Mr. Graves can get his construc tion forces In the field this season New railroads are dally adding to Portland's trade territory, but there Is still room for more development of this kind. THE WORLD'S TRADE. A very Interesting; summary of the world's commerce for 1110 has Just been published by the British Board of Trade. The United Kingdom still leads all other countries In both ex ports and Imports, but the United States Is crowding it hard for the place with ex porta of $1,852,000,000. Germany cornea third with 1 1,788, 000,000. and France follows with II. 169.074.000. these being the only countries with exports In excess of 11.000.000.000. All have shown sub stantial gains over the preceding year. In Imports for consumption, the Uni ted States Is crowded out of second place by Germany, while France which was more than 1600.000,000 be hind the United States In exports falls but a few millions short of this coun try la the amount of Imports for this item. The figures on German trade for the year offer an Interesting study for the people who profess to regard an excess of Imports as detrimental to the country. Germany Imported II, S34.000.000 worth of commodities and exported but ll.7S6.000.000 worth, the "balance of trade," as we call It, thus being very much against her. shows that it haa generally required some economic or social cataclysm to bring a new partv r",,,1 "o power. The growth of great parties as a rule has be-n alow and for that reason it may be several years before the pro gressives can swallow the old Republi cans or the old Republicans win back the progressives. Whichever method la successful will be agreeable to those who believe In good government hon estly administered. OKEGO.TS FISHERIES O Not very many years ago that the fisheries of the state constituted one of the most Important factors in the general trade situation especially in the Columbia River district. The Im portance of this great industry has been somewhat overshadowed by the Increased growth of other industries. Wheat, fruit and lumber have all come Into prominence since the Co lumbia River fisheries first made Ore gon famous. While the relative Im portance of the fishing Industry has been thus lessened the actual output still remains at a pretty high figure and with the enforcement of laws will undoubtedly show an Increase. The United States Government Is a lfttle slow In completing some of its elab orate compilations of statistics, and for that reason the 190S returns on Oregon fisheries have Just appeared In a census bulletin report. Despite the fact that they are two years old. these figures present some very Interesting details of the great Industry, which once was the prin cipal wealth producer in Portland's trade territory. The value of the products for 190$. according to the Government flrurea. was fl.35C.000. Of this amount -the Columbia River, with Its big salmon pack, easily led ail other portions of the state with a total pack valued at 11.1(1.000. The remainder of the total was made up by the packs at Nehalem. Nostucca. Tillamook. Rorrue River, Coqullle, Clackamas. Willamette and Siuslaw Rivers. Coos Bay. Taqulna Bay. AIea Pay, Umpqu River, and Necanlcum River. The capital Invested In this great Industry amounted to Sl.3iS.000 of which $735,000 was Invested In apparatus of capture. 1508,000 In boats and outfits and $45,000 in shore and accessory property. The fish Included In these statistics were practically all caught In the rivers and bays of the state. Deep water fish cut no figure In the totals. With proper attention to artificial propagation and care of the young fish from the hatcheries, there la still possibility for great expansion in the Industry. The greatest Increase In the future will come, however, from the exploitation of the deep water f.aherles. The waters of the Pacific off the coast of Oregon and Washing ton teem with valuable food fishes. plre, and the meats that are produced on the German farms, are thus used at home to support the laborers who are employed in making the articles that figure In the record-breaking ex ports of the empire. We have heard much of late about the aggressive nature of the Germans in building up their manufacturing trade, and it is not difficult to understand from these figures why Germany is making such progress. In Great Britain the showing Is even more printed, for In 1910 the par with those that had their foun dation In the favor of royal licen tiousness? None certainly, unless the sense of American dignity and the In dependent spirit that is fcopularly sup posed to be begotten by republican in stitutions do not provide such a rea son. If the American women who hope to attract attention In London dur ing coronation week by the display of wealth see no Incongruity In the at tempt to Intrude themselves and their Jewels . Into the presence of British there is no reason why they should not do go. They will be snubbed, perhaps, by those whose favor they seek to gain, or perhaps they will only be ig nored. In any case they will have their day in the ranks of barbaric splendor, bring- their Jewels and other trappings back through the New Tork custom-house in triumph and boast to their descendants, if they have any, of the splendor of the coronation, which In their view would have been shorn of half its brilliancy had they selfishly refused or wantonly neglect ed to lend the splendor of their Jewels and the charm of their presence to the pageant. Since there Is so little left for the rich American woman in the way of personal enjoyment, he would be a churl Indeed who would if he could deprive her of the privilege of going to "Lunnon" next month and taking her Jewels and Individual coronation robes with her. THE VANISHING SHEEP. Sheep shearing In Walla Walla County Is about over for the season with a total of about 20,000 fleeces re moved. This Is only about one-fifth of the number sheared five years ago. The range Is becoming so scarce that the Industry no longer figures very much as a factor In the commercial situation. The great decrease in such a brief period, it Is asserted by some sheepmen, is due to the Pinchot policy of conservation, which restricted the available range. Unquestionably the absurd policy of Mr. Pinchot. has been responsible for some decrease in the herds of Eastern Washington and Ore gon as well as elsewhere In the United States. There is a possibility, however, that other causes may have contributed to this striking reduction In the sheep census. Walla Walla County, like all other portions of the Columbia basin, has been undergoing an economic change. Many of the old sheepmen have be come farmers, and now reap larger profits from a few acres of fruit and vegetables than they formorly secured from a big band of sheep. Some of the land "which was formerly regarded as worthless for any other purpose than grazing has been Included In Ir rigation projects and Is of course making big returns, which would have been Impossible from the sheep In dustry. The restriction of the range seems to have brought at least one pleasing change. The annual epidemic of assassinations and slaughter of sheep by the cattlemen who were also anxious of monopolizing the free range of Government land Is no longer noticeable. It Is doubtful If very much harm ever resulted from running a moderate number of sheep through the forest reserves and the Pinchot conservation policy was of course all wrong. And yet closer Investigation of the problem would probably show that sheep herds In Walla Walla County have decreased because there is more money In some thing else. PX.1E.VnnC MANAGEMENT. In a somewhat vague but still In sistent way economy of material, time and labor has been recognized as a prime element In the successful man agement of all large business enter prises, particularly those which In volve the employment of a large body of comparatively unskilled and unin telligent men. While chafing at the waste incident to the carelessness, stupidity or unwillingness of such la borers, employers have generally ac cepted It as one of the risks insep arable from "doing things" and have put a price upon their product of whatever nature, to cover this wast age in the cost of production. Occasionally men who are skilled In the tactful handling and direction of labor have been able to get the best service which their employes were capable of giving. But until recently no general application of this fact or process has been attempted. It Is now proclaimed with all the zest of a new what are likely to be the results of this system upon the human machine? What sort of a man will "Scientific Management" applied to labor pro duce? It is. Indeed, a far cry from the apprentice of former years, who mastered every detail of his trade, un til from crude material to finished product the work was his very own the product of his own strength, in telligence and skill to the workman In the factory under "Scientific Man agement," who spends his days In the monotonous, unthinking, mechanical performance of some perhaps, unim portant part of a work, the completed product of which he never sees, or seeing recognizes nothing therein that thrills him with the pride of producer, This new system carries him a step further toward the effacement of self In his own production and with It the pride In personal achievement that is the spur to personal effort. Modern educational methods recog nize the close relation between the hand and the brain. "Scientific Man agement" ignores this relation utterly by making the brain of the worker subservient to that of the supervisor. Will not this process in the end make the worker a mere automaton, the greatest virtue of which Is not to think. but to hold himself (or In process of time Itself) always ready for Instant obedience to the will of another? The safety of a republic rests upon the intelligence and the Initiative pow er of Its citizens. Will this new sys tem of Industrial management develop a body of worldngmen that may be relied upon in stress of social, eco- nomlo and financial questions for support? There are some economies that are dear at any price. Among these may we Justly reckon the lowered cost to the consumer and the increased profit to the producer which may be secured by Mr. Taylor's discovery? What, indeed, will compensate the Na tion for the weakening of the mental and moral fiber of a large body of Its citizens? Ill faro th land, to halting Ilia a prey Where wealth accumulates, and men decay. Judge Landls, famous for his anti- corporation decisions, at Chicago, Saturday, sentenced to ten years in prison a white slaver who had be trayed a fifteen-year-old girl. After sentencing the villain. Judge Landls said: "As far as I am concerned this law Is going to have such enforcement and application as will be calculated to make a fifteen-year-old girl the most dangerous thing in this com munity, for unprincipled men to tam per with." This Is a threat that will be applauded by every decent man In the country. It is a matter of regret that the Government throughout the United States does not pay as much attention to prosecuting these while slavers, who steal and ruin children. as it pays to some unfortunate rancher who cuts a few trees on Government land. By imposing ten-year prison sentences on a few of these unspeak able dealers in children, the practice would soon be made too dangerous to be followed. Imports of that tight little Isle were , . . .Vi . . more than $400,000,000 In excess of Dg lt thls "SIt the exports. Both of these countries. which have outstripped all others In their manufacturing development. have the world for a source of supply of raw material. The Importation of most of this raw material Is not hamp ered or prevented by any such re strictive tariff laws as now prevent the Americans from securing, duty free, the products of other countries. We have heard much of the great strides that Japan Is making as manufacturing nation, but the foreign exports of that country for 1910 were $224,081,000, or about one-tenth the exports of the United States. In im ports, Japan took more than $216 000.000 worth of our goods. Regard less of the msgnltude reached In the previous year none of the big coun tries of the world have witnessed any striking change either way. but It Is believed that the totals for the year 1911 will far exceed those for 1910, BARBARIC SFLEXDOR. An exhibition of the barbaric splen dor Indulged In by those "strange peo ple, the Americans." is noted in the registration at the New Tork custom house of $3,000,000 worth of Jewels and gew-gaws of various kinds by American women who, themselves un known, will visit London to witness the coronation ceremonies of King George IV and Queen Mary next month. With a sagacity that does not belong to the devotee of fashion, the owners of these Jewels have fore stalled he demand of the customs of ficials for duty upon their return of the gems which are to rival royalty Itself In brilliancy. Her ladyship, the oil magnate's wife, the steel king's oft-wedded spouse, the pork packer's erstwhile helpmeet, the coal baron's dame and other get-rich-In - a - single - generation's representa tives all along the line will outshine In this' opportunity to display riches the court ladies whose titles date back to the Norman Invasion or at least to the days of Queen Bess and her uxorl. ous father, or to the reign of the first of "the fools and the rascals called George." And why not? Is there any rea son why riches acquired through even the most Questionable methods of As the Increasing population of tha American finance should tot be on a 1 lng the best results for his employer has not always the intelligence to do this to advantage. This responsibility has been left to those whose labor is applied to piece-work in factories. It is at least a fair presumption that the man paid by the piece will produce as much in a given time as is com patible with the excersise and direc tion Of such skill and strength as he possesses. Hence under the general supervision of the foreman he is left largely to his own Initiative. Mr. Fredrick W. Taylor, a man trained and skilled In technical knowl edge. Is proclaimed the discoverer or Inventor of a new system of employ ing the human machine, whereby the best that Is In Its mechanism may be utilized with the least possible amount of friction hence with the minimum waste of time and strength. This dl covery he calls "Scientific Manage ment" and In elaborating and carry ing out the Idea Involved he has spent much time and money. He maintains, fundamentally, that all muscular ef fort can be reduced to a system through which Its highest efficiency may be evolved a system, for ex ample, whereby the handler of pig iron is enabled to use every ounce of his strength without waste of time or motion. This system, as explained in articles carefully written upon the subject. In volves a detailed and complete super vision by competent managers of men employed In special branches of In dustry from the most crude to the most skilled - labor. In accordance with this new science, the workman selects his tool, uses It In certain ways. lays It down and rests, at prescribed Intervals all at the command of the supervisor, thereby making only such movements as are requisite for the work In hand, and while accomplish ing much more, avoids fatigue. Figures are given which show that the practical results of this system in Increased output and diminished expense to the manufacturer are very great, and In the Increased wage and cheerful co-operation of the laborer, form the long-missing - link In the chain of labor. These are obvious benefits and the system hss been applied to many In dustrial plants In directing labor of diverse kinds with great success. But The nature of the evidence against the three men charged with blowing up the Los Angeles Times building, has not been disclosed. Pending its publication and a fair trial for the ac cused they will of course be regarded as Innocent of the awful charge that has been placed against them. Union labor has suffered much for crimes which its best representatives have been prompt to repudiate ' and de nounce, but the Los Angeles horror Is the worst that has ever brought It under suspicion. American citizens who believe that this is a free country in which these old-world crimes could not take place, will hope that the evi dence of guilt or innocence in this case will be conclusive. If guilty, no pun ishment Is too severe for such fiends. If Innocent, they should be promptly released. It may be hoped that the troubles of residents of the Mount Scott dis trict on the water question, and inci dentally those of George W. Brown In the effort to make a dry section wet through July and August with aqua pura without adequate facilities for so doing, are now over. The Woodmere water plant has been bought by the city, not because the city needed It, but as a matter of courtesy to the enterprising citizens who Installed It in advance of the certain laying of Bull Run pipes Into the district which It fruitlessly tried to serve. The case has a parallel in the purchase several years ago of the old. Stark-street ferry equipment when It could no longer serve the people and the bridges had taken over the traffic. The United States Navy is to apolo gize to a young woman for the act of a snob who notified her that her pres ence was objectionable at a Navy hop at Annapolis. She is the daughter of a professor at Tale and was living in some capacity (not stated) with the family of a Lieutenant-Commander. The order for the apology came from the Secretary of the Navy. The whole affair Is a discredit to a branch of the Government. The naval personnel con siders Itself the royalty elect of this great democracy, but the head of the department, who Is always a civilian, is able and has the power to take the starch out of the snobs. The plan of Labor Commissioner Hubbard, of Washington, to house all cripples In an institution and make them self-supporting is of dubious out come. Under restraint, the legless one would kick all the time and even the armless wonder would be disposed to punch somebody. A headless prodigy could, of course, utter little objection. Better let them roam. ROOSEVELT AXD THE THIRD TERM Oakland Writer Elaborate Hla Foro- eaat of 1913 Convention. OAKLAND. CaL. April 17. (To the Editor.) Referring to his letter, and editorial comment thereon, in The Ore gonlan of April 14. this correspondent disclaims writing In a controversial spirit. It is his desire only to make an interchange of ideas. Continuing the correspondence on the . moot subject. which is of undoubted Interest even thus much in advance of the events speculated upon, he would emphasize that what he has said, and what he will say, is predicated en the assump tion that the "Wall street influence" will not be either innocuous or passive before and during- the National conven tions next year. But on the contrary, that that influence, very potential in its way will be aggressively active in its own behoof. Reasoning .from this premises, the conclusion is easily reached that "It" (the system) will strenuously endeavor to prevent the nomination of both La Follette (RepubWan), and any man (save Woodrow Wilson, perbaps) who was the choice of William J. Bryan. Because the Wall street oligarchs ex pect to lose control of the Congress in toto, although Bailey, so-called Demo crat, remains in the Senate. This will render it the more Imperative that they shall control the Executive, or at least have as Executive a man who would not "run amuck." slashing at "big business." Now the principal reason why the Wall street Influence would rather have Roosevelt than Taft nominated next year. Is, In the opinion of this writer, because Roosevelt's eleotlon would be much more likely than Taffs; it mat ters not who the Democrat nominee was. For there Is no denying the faot that, with the masses, the name "Roose velt," or "Teddy," is one to conjure with; whilst that of "Taft" awakes no emotion, but falls flat and palls on the proletariat. Should the Wall street influence not have been successfully .exerted In the making up of the Republican conven tion, it is verv Drobable that La Fol lette would have a support which would Dring dangerously near his nomina tion. The Wall street influence would is soon have Bryan President as Fighting Bob." Should he be nomi nated, and a Bryan Democrat also be nominated, it is at once apparent that the thing euphemistically called "The System," would either have to organize a convention and name a ticket of its own, or take no part In the contest (saving to Itself thousands of dollars. perhaps), trusting to its press to pat curb on the new President, to re- , strain him from running away In his reform crusade, and smashing the market to smithereens. This muoh Is conceded: If the Demo crats nominate Harmon, or any man who would be supported by- Bailey as tne mouthpiece of Thomas F. Ryan, Au gust Belmont, John R. McLean, and last but by no means least, John Pier pont Morgan, then, if Mr. Taft desired it, he would be renominated. What would follow would be a sham battle In which the "great common peo pie" would take but a listless part. But did the Republicans nominate La Follette as the opponent of Wall street's Democrat, then there would be a battle royal, with the masses on the side of "Fighting Bob." It 19 In anticipation of such a culml nation that a stampede would be made to Roosevelt to prevent La Follette's nomination. Would T. R. accept? What's been the meaning of his 'swing round the circle" and adapting his political views to what he believed to be the preponderating reform or other sentiment In the state where he was speaking, if 'twas not with view to having from those states delegates in next year's convention who would at the proper time cast their votes for him as nominee, to prevent utter re pudiation of the Taft administration, by the nomination of the master spirit, of the "Republican Progressive League?" JOHN ATJBRET JONES. The man who shot the policeman Saturday night must be caught and punished for being a better marksman than the three officers who emptied their guns at htm. The father of the white man's hope is ready to back him with $50,000 to mark the yellow streak in Mr. Johnson. When all the Umatlllas are adorned with spectacles nobody can tell the cook from the doctor. Why does not a local poet write a song on "The First Rose of Summer?" PRESENT LAW NOT ENFORCED. Auto Owmer Reealla Ordinance Relat ing- to Traffic on Carliuea. PORTLAND. April 18. (To the Editor.) In answer to the letter of C. E. 9. Wood of April 18. asking for nme relief from the auto epeed fiend, would say I have given some thought on the subject. I am an owner of a machine and live on Union avenue, where I have a fine chanoe to see a great deal of the trouble be speaks of. There is an ordinance, I believe, that says, in effect, that the driver of a ma chine must stop his car when he finds the streetcar has stopped to take on or let off passengers, but there are very lew drivers who pay any attention to this ordinance. If there does not hap pen to be a "cop" in sight, they "let her go," so they will not have to change gears, which is a waste of energy of the driver. I think a good way to remedy this would be to take the number of suoh a car and report the same, stating the time and place (not wait until someone has been killed or Injured) and notify the driver, that the second offence he will be fined from $5 to J35 aa may suit the judge. . I think by this means we would do awey with a great deal of risk. for very few, if any, have so much money that they care to pay S3 for the time or energy used in changing gears. I wish to state that It would be a good thing for the auto squad to keep an eye on the conductors of the cars on Union avenue. I think they will find that they break the law In regard to epeed aa often as the auto drivers, especially the through cars In the evening, when there Is danger for anyone crossing the street from teams, autos and streetcars. There Is so much nolee one can hardly hear which side the warning comes from if there Is any given. The law allowing people to drive a ma chine for hire Is very lax. A boy can get a llcenee. after passing an examina tion and saying he is 18 years old. There Is very small punishment If he kills any one, because there are a lot of them who ere not 18 years of age. Since they have not sworn to anything they have not committed perjury. Now I would think It would be safer if no person was permitted to drive a machine for hire unless he was 21 years of age. They should be registered as a voter. For one's own private use it would not be necessary that the driver be 21 years of age. A PUBLIC WELL-WISHER. Early Canadian Reciprocity. GERVAIS. Or., April 20. (To the Editor.) For 18E4, I think it was, we entered Into a reciprocity agreement with Canada. Why and when was that agreement abrogated? There Is much discussion on the question and It would be a satisfaction to many of us now to know why It was not satisfactory. CONSTANT READER SINCE '63. The reciprocal agreement with Can ada became effective March 16. 1855, and was peremptorily terminated March 17. 1866. by act of congress, xne cruel reason outwardly expressed at the time was that during the treaty period the balance of trade had been against us. Historians, however, find a more patent cause of abrogation In the hostile feel ing engendered In this country toward Great Britain by the unfriendly acts of the British government and people toward the Union cause in the Civil War. SCHOOL METHODS ARE CRITICISED Dull Pupils Too Often Crowded, This Writer Believes. PORTLAND, April 22. (To the Ed itorsThe other day a Portland mother asked her four-year-old son to perform some trifling service. Looking up from his engrossing task of railroad con struction, the little fellow said, "Ex cuse me, mamma dear. I need myself for a little while." Unknowingly, the child hit upon one of the difficulties of our modern edu cational system. We fail to recognize the fact that children need themselves occasionally. They need to learn how to use themselves and their powers. We do too much for them. We try to teiM-h them too much. Our graded schools are planned with a view to cramming the childish cranium the greatest amount of In struction possible In a given time. The teacher must get her class through a certain number of "parts" of the course of study In a month. The teacher and the class work are always under the spur of this necessity. No time can be spared to allow the slow-thinking- child to puzzle anything out for himself. His task must be assigned him, with definite Instruction as to how it is to be performed, with the teacher's eye upon him to see that he wastes as little time as possible in profitless effort. The child is deprived of the mental strength and joy which come of a long, difficult and finally victorious struggle with a refractory problem. In the leisurely days of the old-fash ioned district .school the simple ele ments of what constituted book learn ing were gone over again and again. The teacher's time was more fully oc cupied than It is today, but the child had muoh more time, and was thrown largely upon his own resources In the use of It. The result of the old sys tem was a product of great variation. The stupid and idle did not accom plish as much, perhaps, as they might under the modern system of surveil lance, but such knowledge as wae ac quired was thorough and lasting, be cause it represented the fruit of the student's own effort. We must await the maturity of the present generation of school children to Judge the result or our later methods. We may expect greater uniformity of training, but may reasonably anticipate a loss in or iginality and individuality. Our life has grown so artificial that we must have playgrounds with In structors to teach the children how to play. How pitifully dependent Is the child who must be taught so natural and inherent an accomplishment. Tom sawyer and Huckleberry Finn needed no expensive appliances, or trained supervisors to produce games which have been the vicarious Joy of a generation. As much as possible let us permit the child to work things out for himself. Some of our best scholars have been maae that way. Lincoln came to be a clear thinker, a convincing speaker, and developed a marvelous literary gift Dy the light of the traditional pine knot. It Is a question whether he would have passed honorary In a mod ern BChool, or whether the result would have been as good if he had. LOIS P. MYERS. Advertising Talks By William C. Freeman. DARK HINTS FROM MR. CRIDGE. One of Oregon's United States Senators Candidate for Vice-President f PORTLAND, April 21. (To the Ed ltor.) The communication from N. F. Throner In The Oregontan of April 21 to the effect that the Oregon system of direct nominations produces Inferior punilo servants Is not borne out by the facts. Oregon has as efficient, capable, honest and trusted men In her publio service today as she ever had. The reason the Western States are passed up in appointments to commit tees is merely one of population and strength. Some of the Eastern States have direct nominations and some have not, and the same la true of the West ern States. California has a Governor that has made himself known all over the land as a progressive, fearless, pledge-keeping servant of the great commonwealth of the Southern Pacific He is a product of the direct primary. Nothing the matter with Johnson. Oregon hae two United States Sen ators fully the peer In accomplishments of any of their predecessors. One of them a possible candidate for Vice President, with a good chance of elec tion, too. Another has spread the name and fame of old Oregon further and faster than ever any Oregon Sen ator did before. The man too bashful to allow hie friends to propose him for nomination before the people is always too bash ful and modest to get out and frame up a convention to nominate him. The old convention plan, with votes $5 each at the primaries, and from that sum up in conventions, is too recent history for x riend Throner to talk about as su perior to the direct primary. we need the preferential vote in con nection with the direct primary, which would put an end to nominating candi dates by minorities, and compel the nominations to be made by majorities. We need to go forward, not backward. The direct primary has come to stay. and with all Its faults It gives us just as efficient, capable and powerful men as the old convention plan, with all Its rottenness, ill-feeling, wire-pulling and trading. As Roosevelt said, "Take It and look pleasant," or words to that effect. ALFRED D. CRIDGE. Four hundred and twenty-five men paid $1275 for a dinner at the Onondaga Hotel In Syracuse on March 27th to lis ten to speakers who were there for the purpose of diacuaalng advertislns:. Beeldes the $1275 expended for the dinner, a considerable sum was spent for music, decorations, and some very clever local "take-offs." This dinner was given under the management of the S. A. M. Club, an organization of Syracuse men vitally Interested In advertising. The trade mark of the organization Is a picture of Uncle Sam. Its policy Is the devel opment of Intelligent, honest and ef fective mdv-ertlalng;. Juet think of getting together 425 men in a community of the size of Syracuse, all Interested In advertising! There were business and professional men there the president of the Cham ber of Commerce was present; the Mayor of the city was also present, and so were Congressmen. State Senators, an ex-United States Senator, a clergy man, who opened the meeting, and all of these men are actually Interested In, modern advertising. This all goes to show what a grej hold advertising of the right kind has on everybody. One thing that Im pressed the speakers was the spirit displayed by the newspapers of the city in this meeting all of the busi ness managers and proprietors co operating in every way, and all of them friendly toward each other. Still another remarkable thing was a request made of the committee of arrangements, by fifty women In Syra cuse, intereated in and identified with advertising, to be permitted to attend the 'banquet and take part In the affair a request which had to be denied be cause all the seats had been taken. Almost every city outside of the big metropolitan centers is able to get to gether once a month sometimes often er great numbers of merchant and advertising men for the purpose of dis cussing improvements In advertising; methods. They are all doing a great work, which Is reaching out all over the. country, and the general result Is bet ter advertislns; than America has ever seen before. Country Town Sayings by Ed Howe (Copyright, 1911, by George Matthew Adams.) Your friends are probably all right, but haven't you some pretty tough acquaintances? Nearly every wife says to her hus band: "I've taken a good deal from you, and I suppose I'll take a goo.l deal more, but there's one thing I won't stand, and you might as well know it." And every man knows what that one thing Is. Tou are supposed to get your "rights" In this country; but I'd like to see you get thom. No one takes old age quite as hard as an actress. Do you take pleasure in "catching" people at things? It's a mean trick. Watch a man peel an apple, and you'll want a bite. I have noticed that as I ktow older I am more neglectful In hating my ene mies. A fool and enthusiasm make a bad combination. A farmer gets the bert work out of farm hand who aspires to bo hla son-in-law. Rich men are hated, and this Is the reason: We poor people are in the majority. Half a Century Ago Knock for Purple Potato. PORTLAND, April 23. (To the Ed itor.) I see that some of the potato growers are advocating the growing of the Russian purple as a new and good variety. If the Oregon farmer Is wise he will not get caught with such chaff. Forty years ago this potato was brought Into Western Pennsylvania at a time when the growers had lost crops for four years on account of the potato rot. This Russian potato was rot proof, but it ruined all the white varieties by mixing with them, and for yeare tne nousewives were disgusted when they endeavored to place on their tables a nice plate of mashed potatoes, as they looked as if they had been boiled with a dirty dish cloth. I advise the Gresham and Powell Valley farmers, who now raise the best potatoes in Oregon, not to spoil their tine Burbanks with a mixture of Rus sian blue. EX-FARMER. From The Oregonlan, April 24, 1861. The nomination of Isaac L Stevens as Delegate to Congress from Wash ington Territory appears to be a fore gone conclusion. The trembling Democ racy thirfk he Is their strongest man. while we feel sure of beating- him if he is put up. About 8 o'clock yesterday morning a little girl, the daughter of Mr. Dwyer. was drowned In a hole of water la Sixth street above the Sisters' School. After next week we expect to be in receipt of telegraphic dispatches regu larly. The repairs in the line ought to be completed by that time. St. Louis, April 4: A special dispatch from Charleston says the crisis has at last arrived. Provisions to Major Anderson were stopped today. General Beauregard Is now Inspecting ' the for tifications. Orders from Montgomery for the commencement of hostilities are howrty expected. The preparations are complete. Jack Johnson is out of Jail and San Francisco is too slow for hlra. The Beavers got wholesale rates on hits yesterday. Consrreaalooai Apportionment. WARREJfTON, Or., April 21. (To the Editor.) In apportioning Repre sentatives to Congress from the sev eral states, what Is the basis of representation! LOWELL VAN HORN. Mr. Burns seems to have been active I of late. One Representative population. to 194.183 of Another Eg Record. BORING. Or.. April 19. (To the Edi tor.) Having read with some interest the records for laying hens that have been published in The Oregonlan, I am going to send you the record for 12 Barred Plymouth Rock pullets for the month ending April 18. -These hens were hauled 10 miles and put Into strange quarters the day before this record was started.- I wished to see I Oregon? wnat Kina or layers tney were, so have kept a correct account of all eggs produced and am more than pleased with the results. The total for the month was 255 eggs. G. H. SWAIN. Road Low in Washington. BRUSH PRAIRIE. Wash.. April 20.-i (To the Editor.) Can a road that has been traveled without obstruction for 13 years be closed now? I bought the farm nine years ago. At that time there was no question but I had the right to drive over this other land to reach the county road. But this land was sold five years ago and the present owner has hindered the sale Of my place by 6tatlng that we had no way out. There Is another party on the other side of us that has to use the same road. Under these circum stances, can the road be closed? R. B. BOTD. Not legally, after, the road has been held In adverse possession for 10 years or more. If, however, the owner of the ' land gave license to use the road, he can close it any time. If It has been used by the publio openly, notoriously and adversely for 10 years. It cannot be closed. If the writer has used the road by ad verse possession for 10 years, he has a right to an easement over It now, the same as he has been enjoying; Oregon System. PORTLAND, April 22. (To the Edi tor.) What is the meaning of State ment No. 1 and the Initiative and ref erendum as they apply to the State of A RECENT ARRIVAL. Fair Real Estate Deals. PORTLAND, April 22. (To the Edi tor.) If a man buys property In Port land, having never seen it, and be finds out it has been misrepresented to him, would It be unfair to have his money refunded? A SUBSCRIBER. Under the conditions cited, it would be fair for the grantor to refund the purchase price in return for recon veyance of the property to him. Not enough facts are given, however, on which to have an opinion as to the right of the grantee to recover at law. "Statement No. 1" Is a pledge Incorpo rated in the direct primary, which can didates for the Legislature may sign at their option. It pledges the candi date, if elected, to vote for the peo ple's choice for United States Senator. The lntiatlve In Oregon gives eight per cent of the voters of the stat the power to prepare laws by petition and bring them to vote of the people. The referendum provides for refer ence to vote of the people, upon peti tion of S per cent of the voters, of any law (not necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety) passed by the Legis lature. It also empowers the Legisla ture to submit laws to the peonla. Operation of laws referred Is suspended pending decision of the voters. ;